1
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Dutta A, Santra AK, Ganguly R. Temperature gradient focusing of bio-analyte in a microfluidic channel dealing with non-Newtonian electrolyte considering temperature-dependent zeta potential. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1369-1376. [PMID: 37332180 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Temperature gradient focusing (TGF) relies on establishing a precise balance between the electrophoretic motility of a target analyte and the advective flow of the background electrolyte (BGE) to locally concentrate the analyte in a microfluidic configuration. This paper presents a finite-element-based numerical analysis where the coupled electric field and the transport equations are solved to describe the effects of the shear-dependent apparent viscosity of a non-Newtonian BGE on the localized concentration buildup of a charged bio-sample inside a microchannel by TGF via Joule heating. Effects of the temperature-dependent nature of the wall zeta potential and the flow behavior index (n) of BGE on the flow, thermal, and species concentration profiles inside the microchannel have been investigated. Study using a fluorescein-Na analyte sample shows that the maximum normalized analyte concentration (Cmax /C0 ) reduces as the zeta potential increases linearly with temperature. The maximum concentration enhancement is achieved when the BGE displays the Newtonian rheology. For example, Cmax /C0 increases 134- to 280-fold when n is increased from 0.8 to 1 (pseudoplastic regime) and again reduces to 190-fold when n increases further from 1 to 1.2 (dilatant regime).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Dutta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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2
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Rawas-Qalaji M, Cagliani R, Al-Hashimi N, Al-Dabbagh R, Al-Dabbagh A, Hussain Z. Microfluidics in drug delivery: review of methods and applications. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:61-77. [PMID: 36592376 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2162543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics technology has emerged as a promising methodology for the fabrication of a wide variety of advanced drug delivery systems. Owing to its ability for accurate handling and processing of small quantities of fluidics as well as immense control over physicochemical properties of fabricated micro and nanoparticles (NPs), microfluidic technology has significantly improved the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. This emerging technology has offered numerous advantages over the conventional drug delivery methods for fabricating of a variety of micro and nanocarriers for poorly soluble drugs. In addition, a microfluidic system can be designed for targeted drug delivery aiming to increase the local bioavailability of drugs. This review spots the light on the recent advances made in the area of microfluidics including various methods of fabrication of drug carriers, their characterization, and unique features. Furthermore, applications of microfluidic technology for the robust fabrication and development of drug delivery systems, the existing challenges associated with conventional fabrication methodologies as well as the proposed solutions offered by microfluidic technology have been discussed in details.HighlightsMicrofluidic technology has revolutionized fabrication of tunable micro and nanocarriers.Microfluidic platforms offer several advantages over the conventional fabrication methods.Microfluidic devices hold great promise in controlling the physicochemical features of fabricated drug carriers.Micro and nanocarriers with controllable release kinetics and site-targeting efficiency can be fabricated.Drug carriers fabricated by microfluidic technology exhibited improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute For Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Roberta Cagliani
- Research Institute For Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Al-Hashimi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahma Al-Dabbagh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amena Al-Dabbagh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zahid Hussain
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute For Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Electro-thermal actuated micromixer with VU/VIU/VUVIU/VIUVU patterned microgrooves. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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New insights into fluid mixing in micromixers with fractal wall structure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Microfluidics is thought to have a high development potential and a wide range of applications in biomedical research. The design of micromixers has gotten a lot of attention because they are such a crucial aspect of microfluidic devices. The passive micromixer has the advantages of simple construction and steady performance over the active micromixer. In this paper, a fractal wall micromixer is proposed, and the flow characteristics and mixing process of the secondary fractal double wall micromixer are studied using intuitive flow patterns and quantitative calculation methods. The results show that the mixing efficiency of secondary fractal wall is higher than that of primary fractal wall, and with the increase of h, the mixing efficiency and pressure drop begin to decrease gradually. When there is a secondary fractal wall structure on both sides, when Reynolds number (Re) = 0.1, the mixing efficiency of the outlet can reach 95%, and when Re = 100, the mixing efficiency of the outlet can reach 99%, almost complete mixing. The fractal wall micromixer has good mixing effect and shows great application potential in chemical engineering and biological engineering.
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5
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Bhattacharya S, M KR, Priyadarshani J, Ganguly R, Chakraborty S. Targeting Magnetic Nanoparticles in Physiologically Mimicking Tissue Microenvironment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31689-31701. [PMID: 35786842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers, despite showing immense promises in preclinical trials, have remained to be only of limited use in real therapeutic practice primarily due to unresolved anomalies concerning their grossly contrasting controllability and variability in performance in artificial test benches as compared to human tissues. To circumvent the deficits of reported in vitro drug testing platforms that deviate significantly from the physiological features of the living systems and result in this puzzling contrast, here, we fabricate a biomimetic microvasculature in a flexible tissue phantom and demonstrate distinctive mechanisms of magnetic-field-assisted controllable penetration of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles across the same, exclusively modulated by tissue deformability, which has by far remained unraveled. Our experiments deciphering the transport of magnetic nanoparticles in a blood analogue medium unveil a decisive interplay of the flexibility of the microvascular pathways, magnetic pull, and viscous friction toward orchestrating the optimal vascular penetration and targeting efficacy of the nanoparticles in colorectal tissue-mimicking bioengineered media. Subsequent studies with biological cells confirm the viability of using localized magnetic forces for aiding nanoparticle penetration within cancerous lesions. We establish nontrivially favorable conditions to induce a threshold force for vascular rupture and eventual target of the nanoparticles toward the desired extracellular site. These findings appear to be critical in converging the success of in vitro trials toward patient-specific targeted therapies depending on personalized vascular properties obtained from medical imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT-Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Kiran Raj M
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, LB-8, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT-Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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6
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Laha S, Bandopadhyay A, Chakraborty S. Smartphone-Integrated Label-Free Rapid Screening of Anemia from the Pattern Formed by One Drop of Blood on a Wet Paper Strip. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2028-2036. [PMID: 35802863 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Screening of anemic patients poses demanding challenges in extreme point-of-care settings where the gold standard diagnostic technologies are not pragmatic and the alternative point-of-care technologies suffer from compromised accuracy, prohibitive cost, process complexity, or reagent stability issues. As a disruption to this paradigm, here, we report the development of a smartphone-based sensor for rapid screening of anemic patients by exploiting the patterns formed by a spreading drop of blood on a wet paper strip wherein blood attempts to displace a more viscous fluid, on the porous matrix of a paper, leading to "finger-like" projections at the interface. We analyze the topological features of the pattern via smartphone-enabled image analytics and map the same with the relative occupancy of the red blood cells in the blood sample, allowing for label-free screening and classification of blood samples corresponding to moderate to severe anemic conditions. The accuracy of detection is verified by comparing with gold standard reports of hematology analyzer, showing a strong correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.975. This technique is likely to provide a crucial decision-making tool that obviates delicate reagents and skilled technicians for supreme functionality in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampad Laha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Bandopadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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7
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Nanogap Electrode-Enabled Versatile Electrokinetic Manipulation of Nanometric Species in Fluids. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070451. [PMID: 35884255 PMCID: PMC9313323 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive manipulation of nanoscopic species in liquids has attracted considerable attention due to its potential applications in diverse fields. Many sophisticated methodologies have been developed to control and study nanoscopic entities, but the low-power, cost-effective, and versatile manipulation of nanometer-sized objects in liquids remains challenging. Here, we present a dielectrophoretic (DEP) manipulation technique based on nanogap electrodes, with which the on-demand capturing, enriching, and sorting of nano-objects in microfluidic systems can be achieved. The dielectrophoretic control unit consists of a pair of swelling-induced nanogap electrodes crossing a microchannel, generating a steep electric field gradient and thus strong DEP force for the effective manipulation of nano-objects microfluidics. The trapping, enriching, and sorting of nanoparticles and DNAs were performed with this device to demonstrate its potential applications in micro/nanofluidics, which opens an alternative avenue for the non-invasive manipulation and characterization of nanoparticles such as DNA, proteins, and viruses.
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8
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Mukunthan Sulochana GN, Biswas P, Banuprasad TN, Chakraborty S. Fabricating Antipathogenic Interfaces via Nanoscale Topographies Inspired from Snake Skin. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:862-872. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Poulomi Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | | | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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9
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Saha K, Murthy PVSN, Chakraborty S. Rheology-modulated alterations in electro-magneto-hydrodynamic flows in a narrow cylindrical capillary: Contrasting trends in high and low surface charge limits. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:732-740. [PMID: 34837400 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate electrokinetic transport of power-law fluids in a narrow cylindrical capillary in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The governing equations including the full Poisson-Boltzmann equation and the Cauchy momentum equation with power-law constitutive behavior are solved numerically, without being restrictive to low surface potential limits. The influence of the power-law index, wall zeta potential, relative strength of electromagnetic force over viscous force (as represented by the Hartmann number), and the lateral electric field strength on the variation of the volumetric flow rate is analyzed. Our results reveal a significant augmentation in the net-throughput beyond the traditionally explored low surface-charge limits, especially for shear-thinning fluids, defying the established notions. These fundamental theoretical premises may act as essential precursors towards developing deeper insights on fluidic transport bio-nanopores under electro-magneto- hydrodynamic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Saha
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.,Department of Mathematics, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - P V S N Murthy
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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10
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Bandyopadhyay S, Santra S, Das SS, Mukherjee R, Chakraborty S. Non-wetting Liquid-Infused Slippery Paper. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13627-13636. [PMID: 34752110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-infused slippery surfaces have replaced structural superhydrophobic surfaces in a plethora of emerging applications, hallmarked by their favorable self-healing and liquid-repelling characteristics. Their ease of fabrication on different types of materials and increasing demand in various industrial applications have triggered research interests targeted toward developing an environmental-friendly, flexible, and frugal substrate as the underlying structural and functional backbone. Although many expensive polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene have so far been used for their fabrication, these are constrained by their compromised flexibility and non-ecofriendliness due to the use of fluorine. Here, we explore the development and deployment of a biodegradable, recyclable, flexible, and an economically viable material in the form of a paper matrix for fabricating liquid-infused slippery interfaces for prolonged usage. We show by controlled experiments that a simple silanization followed by an oil infusion protocol imparts an inherent slipperiness (low contact angle hysteresis and low tilting angle for sliding) to the droplet motion on the paper substrate and provides favorable anti-icing characteristics, albeit keeping the paper microstructures unaltered. This ensures concomitant hydrophobicity, water adhesion, and capillarity for low surface tension fluids, such as mustard oil, with an implicit role played by the paper pore size distribution toward retaining a stable layer of the infused oil. With demonstrated supreme anti-icing characteristics, these results open up new possibilities of realizing high-throughput paper-based substrates for a wide variety of applications ranging from biomedical unit operations to droplet-based digital microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumyadwip Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Santra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankha Shuvra Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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11
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Chattopadhyay S, Ram R, Sarkar A, Dutta G, Chakraborty S. Reagent-free hemoglobin estimation on a spinning disc. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Numerical Analysis of the Heterogeneity Effect on Electroosmotic Micromixers Based on the Standard Deviation of Concentration and Mixing Entropy Index. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12091055. [PMID: 34577699 PMCID: PMC8469035 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One approach to achieve a homogeneous mixture in microfluidic systems in the quickest time and shortest possible length is to employ electroosmotic flow characteristics with heterogeneous surface properties. Mixing using electroosmotic flow inside microchannels with homogeneous walls is done primarily under the influence of molecular diffusion, which is not strong enough to mix the fluids thoroughly. However, surface chemistry technology can help create desired patterns on microchannel walls to generate significant rotational currents and improve mixing efficiency remarkably. This study analyzes the function of a heterogeneous zeta-potential patch located on a microchannel wall in creating mixing inside a microchannel affected by electroosmotic flow and determines the optimal length to achieve the desired mixing rate. The approximate Helmholtz–Smoluchowski model is suggested to reduce computational costs and simplify the solving process. The results show that the heterogeneity length and location of the zeta-potential patch affect the final mixing proficiency. It was also observed that the slip coefficient on the wall has a more significant effect than the Reynolds number change on improving the mixing efficiency of electroosmotic micromixers, benefiting the heterogeneous distribution of zeta-potential. In addition, using a channel with a heterogeneous zeta-potential patch covered by a slip surface did not lead to an adequate mixing in low Reynolds numbers. Therefore, a homogeneous channel without any heterogeneity would be a priority in such a range of Reynolds numbers. However, increasing the Reynolds number and the presence of a slip coefficient on the heterogeneous channel wall enhances the mixing efficiency relative to the homogeneous one. It should be noted, though, that increasing the slip coefficient will make the mixing efficiency decrease sharply in any situation, especially in high Reynolds numbers.
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13
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Ghorbani Kharaji Z, Bayareh M, Kalantar V. A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A review on acoustic field-driven micromixers is given. This is supplemented by the governing equations, governing non-dimensional parameters, numerical simulation approaches, and fabrication techniques. Acoustically induced vibration is a kind of external energy input employed in active micromixers to improve the mixing performance. An air bubble energized by an acoustic field acts as an external energy source and induces friction forces at the interface between an air bubble and liquid, leading to the formation of circulatory flows. The current review (with 200 references) evaluates different characteristics of microfluidic devices working based on acoustic field shaking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Bayareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Vali Kalantar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Yazd University , Yazd , Iran
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14
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Mondal N, Chaudhuri A, Bakli C, Chakraborty S. Upstream events dictate interfacial slip in geometrically converging nanopores. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164709. [PMID: 33940837 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuum computations of fluid flow in conduits approaching molecular scales are often executed with a certain level of abstractions via the imposition of a pre-defined slip condition at the wall. However, in reality, the interfacial slip may not be affixed a priori as a direct one-to-one mapping with the surface wettability and charge but is implicitly interconnected with the concomitant dynamical events that may be effectively captured only under flow conditions. The flow in nanofluidic channels with axially varying cross sections hallmarks such situations in which the effective slip at the wall gets dynamically modulated by upstream flow conditions and cannot be trivially stamped as guided by localized intermolecular interactions over interfacial scales alone. In an effort to capture such flows without resorting to full-domain molecular dynamics simulations, here we bring out advancements on hybrid molecular-continuum simulations and report predictions that closely capture molecular dynamics based predictions of water transport through converging nanopores. Our results turn out to be of significant implications toward designing of emerging nanoscale devices of multifarious applications ranging from miniaturized reactors to highly targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Mondal
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Abhirup Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Chirodeep Bakli
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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15
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Wang X, Liu Z, Cai Y, Wang B, Luo X. A cost-effective serpentine micromixer utilizing ellipse curve. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1155:338355. [PMID: 33766315 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to high mixing performance and simple geometry structure, serpentine micromixer is one typical passive micromixer that has been widely investigated. Traditional zigzag and square-wave serpentine micromixers can achieve sufficient mixing, but tend to induce significant pressure drop. The excessive pressure drop means more energy consumption, which leads to low cost-performance of mixing. To mitigate excessive pressure drop, a novel serpentine micromixer utilizing ellipse curve is proposed. While fluids flowing through ellipse curve microchannels, the flow directions keep continuous changing. Therefore, the Dean vortices are induced throughout the whole flow path. Numerical simulation and visualization experiments are conducted at Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 0.1 to 100. Dean vortices varies with the changing curvature in different ellipse curves, and local Dean numbers are calculated for quantitative evaluation. The results suggest that the ellipse with a larger eccentricity induces stronger Dean vortices, thus better mixing performance can be obtained. A parameter, named mixing performance cost (Mec), is proposed to evaluate the cost-performance of micromixers. Compared with the zigzag, square-wave and other improved serpentine micromixers, the ellipse curve micromixer produces lower pressure drop while have the capability to maintain excellent mixing performance. The ellipse curve micromixer is proved to be more cost-effective for rapid mixing in complex microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanqiang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China.
| | - Yukui Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE/Key National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Xichun Luo
- Centre for Precision Manufacturing, DMEM, University of Strathclyde, UK
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16
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Ahmadi VE, Butun I, Altay R, Bazaz SR, Alijani H, Celik S, Warkiani ME, Koşar A. The effects of baffle configuration and number on inertial mixing in a curved serpentine micromixer: Experimental and numerical study. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Priyadarshani J, Roy T, Das S, Chakraborty S. Frugal Approach toward Developing a Biomimetic, Microfluidic Network-on-a-Chip for In Vitro Analysis of Microvascular Physiology. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1263-1277. [PMID: 33555875 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several disease conditions, such as cancer metastasis and atherosclerosis, are deeply connected with the complex biophysical phenomena taking place in the complicated architecture of the tiny blood vessels in human circulatory systems. Traditionally, these diseases have been probed by devising various animal models, which are otherwise constrained by ethical considerations as well as limited predictive capabilities. Development of an engineered network-on-a-chip, which replicates not only the functional aspects of the blood-carrying microvessels of human bodies, but also its geometrical complexity and hierarchical microstructure, is therefore central to the evaluation of organ-assist devices and disease models for therapeutic assessment. Overcoming the constraints of reported resource-intensive fabrication techniques, here, we report a facile, simple yet niche combination of surface engineering and microfabrication strategy to devise a highly ordered hierarchical microtubular network embedded within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab for dynamic cell culture on a chip, with a vision of addressing the exclusive aspects of the vascular transport processes under medically relevant paradigms. The design consists of hierarchical complexity ranging from capillaries (∼80 μm) to large arteries (∼390 μm) and a simultaneous tuning of the interfacial material chemistry. The fluid flow behavior is characterized numerically within the hierarchical network, and a confluent endothelial layer is realized on the inner wall of microfluidic device. We further explore the efficacy of the device as a vascular deposition assay of circulatory tumor cells (MG-63 osteosarcoma cells) present in whole blood. The proposed paradigm of mimicking an in vitro vascular network in a low-cost paradigm holds further potential for probing cellular dynamics as well as offering critical insights into various vascular transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Priyadarshani
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Trina Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Soumen Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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18
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Xiong S, Chen X, Wang J. A novel three-dimensional electroosmotic micromixer based on the Koch fractal principle. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12860-12865. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00218j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mixing performance of micromixers. (a) The voltage value is 0 V. (b) The voltage value is 3 V. (c) The voltage value is 10 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Xiong
- College of Transportation
- Ludong University
- Yantai
- China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation
| | - Xueye Chen
- College of Transportation
- Ludong University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- Department of Information Engineering
- Chaoyang Teachers College
- Chaoyang
- China
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19
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Sun H, Ren Y, Tao Y, Jiang T, Jiang H. Three-Fluid Sequential Micromixing-Assisted Nanoparticle Synthesis Utilizing Alternating Current Electrothermal Flow. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Sun
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
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20
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Liu W, Ren Y, Tao Y, Yan H, Xiao C, Wu Q. Buoyancy-Free Janus Microcylinders as Mobile Microelectrode Arrays for Continuous Microfluidic Biomolecule Collection within a Wide Frequency Range: A Numerical Simulation Study. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030289. [PMID: 32164333 PMCID: PMC7142959 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We numerically study herein the AC electrokinetic motion of Janus mobile microelectrode (ME) arrays in electrolyte solution in a wide field frequency, which holds great potential for biomedical applications. A fully coupled physical model, which incorporates the fluid-structure interaction under the synergy of induced-charge electroosmotic (ICEO) slipping and interfacial Maxwell stress, is developed for this purpose. A freely suspended Janus cylinder free from buoyancy, whose main body is made of polystyrene, while half of the particle surface is coated with a thin conducting film of negligible thickness, will react actively on application of an AC signal. In the low-frequency limit, induced-charge electrophoretic (ICEP) translation occurs due to symmetric breaking in ICEO slipping, which renders the insulating end to move ahead. At higher field frequencies, a brand-new electrokinetic transport phenomenon called "ego-dielectrophoresis (e-DEP)" arises due to the action of the localized uneven field on the inhomogeneous particle dipole moment. In stark contrast with the low-frequency ICEP translation, the high-frequency e-DEP force tends to drive the asymmetric dipole moment to move in the direction of the conducting end. The bidirectional transport feature of Janus microspheres in a wide AC frequency range can be vividly interpreted as an array of ME for continuous loading of secondary bioparticles from the surrounding liquid medium along its direction-controllable path by long-range electroconvection. These results pave the way for achieving flexible and high-throughput on-chip extraction of nanoscale biological contents for subsequent on-site bioassay based upon AC electrokinetics of Janus ME arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, China; (W.L.); (C.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China;
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0451-8641-8028 (Y.R.)
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-0451-8641-8028 (Y.R.)
| | - Congda Xiao
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, China; (W.L.); (C.X.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, China; (W.L.); (C.X.); (Q.W.)
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21
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Ahmed H, Ramesan S, Lee L, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. On-Chip Generation of Vortical Flows for Microfluidic Centrifugation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903605. [PMID: 31535785 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microcentrifugation constitutes an important part of the microfluidic toolkit in a similar way that centrifugation is crucial to many macroscopic procedures, given that micromixing, sample preconcentration, particle separation, component fractionation, and cell agglomeration are essential operations in small scale processes. Yet, the dominance of capillary and viscous effects, which typically tend to retard flow, over inertial and gravitational forces, which are often useful for actuating flows and hence centrifugation, at microscopic scales makes it difficult to generate rotational flows at these dimensions, let alone with sufficient vorticity to support efficient mixing, separation, concentration, or aggregation. Herein, the various technologies-both passive and active-that have been developed to date for vortex generation in microfluidic devices are reviewed. Various advantages or limitations associated with each are outlined, in addition to highlighting the challenges that need to be overcome for their incorporation into integrated microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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22
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Haque A, Nayak AK, Weigand B, Banerjee A. Time-Dependent Electroosmotic Flow with Variable Slips along Microchannel. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainul Haque
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ameeya Kumar Nayak
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Institut für Thermodynamik der Luft- und Raumfahrt, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernhard Weigand
- Institut für Thermodynamik der Luft- und Raumfahrt, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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23
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Inertial Micromixing in Curved Serpentine Micromixers with Different Curve Angles. FLUIDS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids4040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Micromixers are of considerable significance in many microfluidics system applications, from chemical reactions to biological analysis processes. Passive micromixers, which rely solely on their geometry, have the advantages of low cost and a less-complex fabrication process. Dean vortices seen in curved microchannels are one of the useful tools to enhance micromixing. In this study, the effects of curve angle on micromixing were experimentally investigated in three curved serpentine micromixers consisting of ten segments with curve angles of 180 ° , 230 ° and 280 ° , at Dean numbers between 12 and 87. To characterize and compare the performance of the micromixers, fluorescence intensity maps and mixing indices were utilized. Accordingly, the micromixer having segments with 280 ° curve angle had significantly higher mixing index values up to the Dean number 60 and outperformed the other two micromixers. This was due to the severe distortion of flow streamlines by Dean vortices and the occurrence of chaotic advection at lower Dean numbers. Beyond the Dean number of 70, no difference was observed in the performance of the micromixers and the mixing index at their outlets had the asymptotic value of 0.93 ± 0.02. Furthermore, the flow behavior of the micromixers was numerically simulated to provide further insight about the mixing phenomena.
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24
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Guan Y, Sun B. Versatile Microfluidic Mixing Platform for High- and Low-Viscosity Liquids via Acoustic and Chemical Microbubbles. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10120854. [PMID: 31817508 PMCID: PMC6952768 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic mixers have been extensively studied due to their wide application in various fields, including clinical diagnosis and chemical research. In this paper, we demonstrate a mixing platform that can be used for low- and high-viscosity liquid mixing by integrating passive (utilizing the special circulating crossflow characteristics of a zigzag microstructure and cavitation surfaces at the zigzag corners) and active (adding an acoustic field to produce oscillating microbubbles) mixing methods. By exploring the relationship between the active and passive mixing methods, it was found that the microbubbles were more likely generated at the corners of the zigzag microchannel and achieved the best mixing efficiency with the acoustically generated microbubbles (compared with the straight channel). In addition, a higher mixing effect was achieved when the microchannel corner angle and frequency were 60° and 75 kHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the device also achieved an excellent mixing effect for high-viscosity fluids, such as glycerol (its viscosity was approximately 1000 times that of deionized (DI) water at 25 °C). The mixing time was less than 1 s, and the mixing efficiency was 0.95 in the experiment. Furthermore, a new microbubble generation method was demonstrated based on chemical reactions. A higher mixing efficiency (0.97) was achieved by combining the chemical and acoustic microbubble methods, which provides a new direction for future applications and is suitable for the needs of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems and point-of-care testing (POCT).
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25
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Khalde CM, Ramanan V, Sangwai JS, Ranade VV. Passive Mixer cum Reactor Using Threaded Inserts: Investigations of Flow, Mixing, and Heat Transfer Characteristics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag M. Khalde
- Gas Hydrate and Flow Assurance Laboratory, Petroleum Engineering Program, Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
- Multiphase Reactors and Intensification Group (mRING), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Vikram Ramanan
- National Centre for Combustion Research and Development, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jitendra S. Sangwai
- Gas Hydrate and Flow Assurance Laboratory, Petroleum Engineering Program, Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek V. Ranade
- Multiphase Reactors and Intensification Group (mRING), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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26
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Salari A, Navi M, Lijnse T, Dalton C. AC Electrothermal Effect in Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E762. [PMID: 31717932 PMCID: PMC6915365 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrothermal effect has been investigated extensively in microfluidics since the 1990s and has been suggested as a promising technique for fluid manipulations in lab-on-a-chip devices. The purpose of this article is to provide a timely overview of the previous works conducted in the AC electrothermal field to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers new to this field. First, electrokinetic phenomena are briefly introduced to show where the electrothermal effect stands, comparatively, versus other mechanisms. Then, recent advances in the electrothermal field are reviewed from different aspects and categorized to provide a better insight into the current state of the literature. Results and achievements of different studies are compared, and recommendations are made to help researchers weigh their options and decide on proper configuration and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Maryam Navi
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Thomas Lijnse
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Colin Dalton
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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27
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Kunti G, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Strong rotating flow in stationary droplets in low power budget using wire electrode configuration. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2971-2978. [PMID: 31424093 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
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28
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Liu W, Ren Y, Chen F, Song J, Tao Y, Du K, Wu Q. A microscopic physical description of electrothermal‐induced flow for control of ion current transport in microfluidics interfacing nanofluidics. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2683-2698. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM)Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Mechanics Beijing P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jingni Song
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Kai Du
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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29
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Kunti G, Dhar J, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Joule heating-induced particle manipulation on a microfluidic chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014113. [PMID: 30867883 PMCID: PMC6404938 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We develop an electrokinetic technique that continuously manipulates colloidal particles to concentrate into patterned particulate groups in an energy efficient way, by exclusive harnessing of the intrinsic Joule heating effects. Our technique exploits the alternating current electrothermal flow phenomenon which is generated due to the interaction between non-uniform electric and thermal fields. Highly non-uniform electric field generates sharp temperature gradients by generating spatially-varying Joule heat that varies along the radial direction from a concentrated point hotspot. Sharp temperature gradients induce a local variation in electric properties which, in turn, generate a strong electrothermal vortex. The imposed fluid flow brings the colloidal particles at the centre of the hotspot and enables particle aggregation. Furthermore, maneuvering structures of the Joule heating spots, different patterns of particle clustering may be formed in a low power budget, thus opening up a new realm of on-chip particle manipulation process without necessitating a highly focused laser beam which is much complicated and demands higher power budget. This technique can find its use in Lab-on-a-chip devices to manipulate particle groups, including biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Jayabrata Dhar
- CNRS, Universite de Rennes 1, Geosciences Rennes UMR6118, Rennes, France
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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30
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Gao X, Li Y. Biofluid pumping and mixing by an AC electrothermal micropump embedded with a spiral microelectrode pair in a cylindrical microchannel. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:3156-3170. [PMID: 30194859 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we numerically investigated a multifunctional AC electrothermal (ACET) micropump embedded with an asymmetric spiral microelectrode pair in a cylindrical microchannel for simultaneous pumping and mixing in high-conductivity fluids, which makes the pump useful for biofluid applications. When an AC signal was applied to the asymmetric spiral electrode pair, the vortices induced on the electrode surfaces with centerlines along the corresponding spiral electrode length exhibit a spiral distribution, and the net flow in the cylindrical microchannel is generated by the ACET effect. The vorticity field distribution can explain the mechanism of simultaneous pumping and mixing. Because the vorticity field is inclined against the microchannel direction, vortices on top of the spiral electrodes can affect the ACET flow in the following two aspects at the same time: one is pumping the flow in the microchannel direction, and the other is mixing the samples by stirring the flow. We also determined that the geometric ratios of the electrode width to the gap or slant angle of the spiral electrodes can feasibly be used to control the relative strength of the pumping and mixing capabilities, and we achieved an optimal design that gives both desirable pumping and mixing efficiencies. This study shows that the spiral ACET micropump design can rapidly drive the high-conductivity fluids and efficiently mix samples simultaneously. The numerical simulation of the spiral ACET micropump is of significant importance for practical, chemical and biological applications, and feasible fabrication techiniques should be experimentally investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Gao
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiao Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
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31
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Kunti G, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Alternating current electrothermal modulated moving contact line dynamics of immiscible binary fluids over patterned surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6377-6389. [PMID: 28868537 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the results of our numerical study on incompressible flow of a binary system of two immiscible fluids in a parallel plate capillary using alternating current electrothermal kinetics as the actuation mechanism for flow. The surfaces of the capillary are wetted with two different alternating wettability patches. The dynamic motion of the interface of the two fluids is tracked using a phase-field order parameter-based approach. The results exhibit a stick-slip behavior involving acceleration and deceleration of the interface due to the interplay of electrothermal (Coulomb and dielectric) and surface tension forces. Controlling the interface motion through effective tuning of the chemical characteristics of the surfaces and forcing parameters was explored in detail. Finally, we were able to find a critical value of the dimensionless strength of the alternating current electrothermal force above which the interface "breaks", resulting in the formation of isolated droplets. These results have the potential to improve fundamental understanding and design optimization of various biomedical and physiological systems that involve flow of two or more immiscible fluids over chemically wetted surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India.
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32
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Cai G, Xue L, Zhang H, Lin J. A Review on Micromixers. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E274. [PMID: 30400464 PMCID: PMC6189760 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have attracted increasing attention in the fields of biomedical diagnostics, food safety control, environmental protection, and animal epidemic prevention. Micromixing has a considerable impact on the efficiency and sensitivity of microfluidic devices. This work reviews recent advances on the passive and active micromixers for the development of various microfluidic chips. Recently reported active micromixers driven by pressure fields, electrical fields, sound fields, magnetic fields, and thermal fields, etc. and passive micromixers, which owned two-dimensional obstacles, unbalanced collisions, spiral and convergence-divergence structures or three-dimensional lamination and spiral structures, were summarized and discussed. The future trends for micromixers to combine with 3D printing and paper channel were brought forth as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhe Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 17 East Qinghua Road, Beijing 100083, China.
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