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Marques AC, Costa PC, Velho S, Amaral MH. Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Tumor-Targeted Antibody-Functionalized Nanoparticles. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:489. [PMID: 38672759 PMCID: PMC11051252 DOI: 10.3390/life14040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The specific interaction between cell surface receptors and corresponding antibodies has driven opportunities for developing targeted cancer therapies using nanoparticle systems. It is challenging to design and develop such targeted nanomedicines using antibody ligands, as the final nanoconjugate's specificity hinges on the cohesive functioning of its components. The multicomponent nature of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles also complicates the characterization process. Regardless of the type of nanoparticle, it is essential to perform physicochemical characterization to establish a solid foundation of knowledge and develop suitable preclinical studies. A meaningful physicochemical evaluation of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles should include determining the quantity and orientation of the antibodies, confirming the antibodies' integrity following attachment, and assessing the immunoreactivity of the obtained nanoconjugates. In this review, the authors describe the various techniques (electrophoresis, spectroscopy, colorimetric assays, immunoassays, etc.) used to analyze the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies and discuss the main results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Camila Marques
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C. Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Amaral
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Shaposhnikov LA, Chikurova NY, Chernobrovkina AV, Tishkov VI, Pometun AA. Development of an approach to determining enzymatic activity of ribonucleoside hydrolase c using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464561. [PMID: 38154259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleoside hydrolase C (RihC, EC 3.2.2.1-3.2.2.3, 3.2.2.7, 3.2.2.8) belongs to the family of ribonucleoside hydrolases that catalyze the cleavage of both purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides to nitrogenous bases and ribose. Its most efficient reaction is the cleavage of uridine with the highest reaction rate. The reaction cannot be detected by a simple spectrophotometric method because of the same absorption maximum for the substrate and reaction product or requires time- and labor-consuming sample preparation for ribose. Reversed-phase HPLC is currently used to register enzymatic activity, where the time of one chromatographic run takes about 10 min. Since a large number of analyses is required to measure the kinetics of an enzymatic reaction, the total time is significant. In this work, we obtained new recombinant RihC from Limosilactobacillus reuteri by gene cloning and expression in E.coli cells. We proposed a new approach for determining the enzymatic activity of the new RihC using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). The novel column was developed for this procedure providing the determination of uracil and uridine with high efficiency and retention times of 0.9 and 1.7 min, respectively. Kinetic parameters for RihC uridine cleavage were determined. The proposed approach provided significant rapidity for measurement of the enzyme kinetics being 5 times faster as compared to reversed-phase HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Shaposhnikov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33-22, Moscow 119071, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - N Yu Chikurova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33-22, Moscow 119071, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A V Chernobrovkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V I Tishkov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33-22, Moscow 119071, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A A Pometun
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33-22, Moscow 119071, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Miklukho-Maklaya, 8, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
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Shaposhnikov LA, Chikurova NY, Atroshenko DL, Savin SS, Kleymenov SY, Chernobrovkina AV, Pometun EV, Minyaev ME, Matyuta IO, Hushpulian DM, Boyko KM, Tishkov VI, Pometun AA. Structure-Functional Examination of Novel Ribonucleoside Hydrolase C (RihC) from Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:538. [PMID: 38203708 PMCID: PMC10778931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleoside hydrolase C (RihC, EC 3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.3, 3.2.2.7, 3.2.2.8) belongs to the family of ribonucleoside hydrolases Rih and catalyzes the cleavage of ribonucleosides to nitrogenous bases and ribose. RihC is one of the enzymes that are synthesized by lactobacilli in response to the presence of Klebsiella. To characterize this protein from Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1, we cloned and expressed it. The activity of the enzyme was studied towards a wide range of substrates, including ribonucleosides, deoxyribonucleosides as well as an arabinoside. It was shown that the enzyme is active only with ribonucleosides and arabinoside, with the best substrate being uridine. The thermal stability of this enzyme was studied, and its crystal structure was obtained, which demonstrated the tetrameric architecture of the enzyme and allowed to shed light on a correlation between its structure and enzymatic activity. Comprehensive comparisons of all known RihC structures, both existing crystal structures and computed model structures from various species, were made, allowing for the identification of structural motifs important for enzyme functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A. Shaposhnikov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Natalia Yu. Chikurova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Denis L. Atroshenko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba, Miklouho-Maklaya, 8, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav S. Savin
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Sergei Yu. Kleymenov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova, 26, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alla V. Chernobrovkina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Evgenii V. Pometun
- Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya St., 8, Building 2, Moscow 119048, Russia;
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Ilya O. Matyuta
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
| | - Dmitry M. Hushpulian
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
| | - Konstantin M. Boyko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
| | - Vladimir I. Tishkov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Profsoyuznaya St., 33, Building 4, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Pometun
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia; (N.Y.C.); (D.L.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.Y.K.); (I.O.M.); (D.M.H.); (K.M.B.); (V.I.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba, Miklouho-Maklaya, 8, Moscow 117198, Russia
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