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Birgersson L, Jouve J, Jönsson E, Asker N, Andreasson F, Golovko O, Ahrens L, Sturve J. Thyroid function and immune status in perch (Perca fluviatilis) from lakes contaminated with PFASs or PCBs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112495. [PMID: 34265536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environment contains a multitude of man-made chemicals, some of which can act as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), while others can be immunotoxic. We evaluated thyroid disruption and immunotoxic effects in wild female perch (Perca fluviatilis) collected from two contaminated areas in Sweden; one site contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and two sites contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with one reference site included for each area. The hepatic mRNA expression of thyroid receptors α and β, and the thyroid hormone metabolising iodothyronine deiodinases (dio1, dio2 and dio3) were measured using real-time PCR, while the levels of thyroid hormone T3 in plasma was analysed using a radioimmunoassay. In addition, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and thrombocytes were counted microscopically. Our results showed lower levels of T3 as well as lower amounts of lymphocytes and granulocytes in perch collected from the PFAS-contaminated site compared to reference sites. In addition, expressions of mRNA coding for thyroid hormone metabolising enzymes (dio2 and dio3) and thyroid receptor α (thra) were significantly different in these fish compared to their reference site. For perch collected at the two PCB-contaminated sites, there were no significant differences in T3 levels or in expression levels of the thyroid-related genes, compared to the reference fish. Fish from one of the PCB-contaminated sites had higher levels of thrombocytes compared with both the second PCB lake and their reference lake; hence PCBs are unlikely to be the cause of this effect. The current study suggests that lifelong exposure to PFASs could affect both the thyroid hormone status and immune defence of perch in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Birgersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Justin Jouve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Jönsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Andreasson
- Department for Nature and Climate, County Administrative Board of Blekinge, SE-371 86 Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75 007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75 007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Weichert FG, Axén C, Förlin L, Inostroza PA, Kammann U, Welling A, Sturve J, Asker N. A multi-biomarker study on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) affected by the emerging Red Skin Disease in the Baltic Sea. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:429-440. [PMID: 33103251 PMCID: PMC7984219 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For half a decade, the Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea has been facing severe health issues. Clinical signs like haemorrhage, erosions and ulcerative/necrotic skin conditions in returning adults have been reported from different Swedish rivers. These primary disease signs precede a secondary, terminal fungal infection. As initial investigations of the disease did not provide conclusive answers regarding the pathogenesis, this study was initiated to gain insight into a possible link between this so-called Red Skin Disease and anthropogenic influences. Therefore, returning salmon were caught in rivers along the Swedish coast and different tissues were sampled. The focus was put on the measurements of a battery of biomarkers as well as biochemical and haematological parameters, which were analysed using multivariate statistics. The main findings were a severe osmotic haemodilution, an immune response and an alteration of the carbohydrate metabolism in diseased fish. Furthermore, oxidative stress does not seem to be a likely factor in the pathogenesis. Concluding, certain changes in physiological parameters were shown to be indicative for the disease patterns, while others were ruled out as significant factors. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the Red Skin Disease and may act as a hypothesis generator for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian G. Weichert
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Charlotte Axén
- Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA)UppsalaSweden
| | - Lars Förlin
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Pedro A. Inostroza
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | | | | | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Frenzilli G, Martorell-Ribera J, Bernardeschi M, Scarcelli V, Jönsson E, Diano N, Moggio M, Guidi P, Sturve J, Asker N. Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S Induce Endocrine and Chromosomal Alterations in Brown Trout. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:645519. [PMID: 33776939 PMCID: PMC7992001 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.645519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A is a widely used compound found in large amount of consumer products. As concerns have been raised about its toxicological and public health effect, the use of alternatives to bisphenol A are now increasing. Bisphenol S is one of the analogues being used as a replacement for bisphenol A despite the fact that little is known about the effects of bisphenol S on living organisms. In this study, we investigated the potential endocrine and genotoxic effects of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). The fish were exposed to the compounds for either 2 weeks or 8 weeks via sustained-release cholesterol implants containing doses of 2 mg/kg fish or 20 mg/kg fish of the substances. The effects on the thyroid hormone levels and the estrogenic disrupting marker vitellogenin were evaluated, along with the genotoxic markers micronucleated cells and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities. An increase in plasma vitellogenin was observed in fish exposed to the high dose of bisphenol A for 2 weeks. At this experimental time the level of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) in plasma was elevated after bisphenol S exposure at the high concentration, and paralleled by an increase of micronucleated cells. Moreover, bisphenol A induced an increase of micronuclei frequency in fish erythrocytes after the exposure at the lowest dose tested. Taken together the results indicate that both bisphenol A and its alternative bisphenol S cause endocrine disrupting and genotoxic effects in brown trout, although suggesting two different mechanisms of damage underlying bisphenol A and bisphenol S activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Frenzilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Applied Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giada Frenzilli,
| | - Joan Martorell-Ribera
- Institute for Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Margherita Bernardeschi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Applied Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Scarcelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Applied Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Jönsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nadia Diano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Moggio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Guidi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Applied Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hanson N, Larsson Å, Parkkonen J, Faxneld S, Nyberg E, Bignert A, Henning HE, Bryhn A, Olsson J, Karlson AML, Förlin L. Ecological changes as a plausible explanation for differences in uptake of contaminants between European perch and eelpout in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103455. [PMID: 32663516 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected increasing trends in the concentration of contaminants in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and in activity of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in European perch and eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) have been observed at a Swedish coastal reference site. This study uses data from different sources to investigate plausible explanations. The results showed that a change in diet and an improved overall condition coincide with an increase in mercury in European perch. Furthermore, an increase in several organic contaminants in European perch coincided with the introduction of an invasive deep-burrowing polychaete, which likely contributed to the release of contaminants through bioturbation. The increase in EROD-activity in both species seems to be related to contaminants that reach the fish through the water rather than the diet. The results show that for contaminants that are taken up via the diet, trends in contamination can be opposite for different species of fish in the same area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hanson
- Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, Box 11930, SE-404 39, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Åke Larsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jari Parkkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Faxneld
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Nyberg
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Naturvårdsverket, SE-106 48, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Bignert
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Ek Henning
- County Administrative Board of Östergötland, Länsstyrelsen Östergötland, SE-581 86 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Bryhn
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, SE-74242, Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Jens Olsson
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, SE-74242, Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Agnes M L Karlson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Förlin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Suitability of a Cellulose-Based Nanomaterial for the Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Freshwaters: A Case-Study Showing the Recovery of Cadmium Induced DNA Integrity Loss, Cell Proliferation Increase, Nuclear Morphology and Chromosomal Alterations on Dreissena polymorpha. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091837. [PMID: 32938003 PMCID: PMC7558755 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of freshwaters by heavy metals represents a great problem, posing a threat for human and environmental health. Cadmium is classified as carcinogen to humans and its mechanism of carcinogenicity includes genotoxic events. In this study a recently developed eco-friendly cellulose-based nanosponge (CNS) was investigated as a candidate in freshwater nano-remediation process. For this purpose, CdCl2 (0.05 mg L−1) contaminated artificial freshwater (AFW) was treated with CNS (1.25 g L−1 for 2 h), and cellular responses were analyzed before and after CNS treatment in Dreissena polymorpha hemocytes. A control group (AFW) and a negative control group (CNS in AFW) were also tested. DNA primary damage was evaluated by Comet assay while chromosomal damage and cell proliferation were assessed by Cytome assay. AFW exposed to CNS did not cause any genotoxic effect in zebra mussel hemocytes. Moreover, DNA damage and cell proliferation induced by Cd(II) turned down to control level after 2 days when CNS were used. A reduction of Cd(II)-induced micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities was also observed. CNS was thus found to be a safe and effective candidate in cadmium remediation process being efficient in metal sequestering, restoring cellular damage exerted by Cd(II) exposure, without altering cellular physiological activity.
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Ašmonaitė G, Sundh H, Asker N, Carney Almroth B. Rainbow Trout Maintain Intestinal Transport and Barrier Functions Following Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:14392-14401. [PMID: 30451503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion has been proposed as a prominent exposure route for plastic debris in aquatic organisms, including fish. While the consequences of ingestion of large plastic litter are mostly understood, the impacts resulting from ingestion of microplastics (MPs) are largely unknown. We designed a study that aimed to assess impacts of MPs on fish intestinal physiology and examined integrity of extrinsic, physical and immunological barriers. Rainbow trout were exposed to polystyrene (PS) MPs (100-400 μm) via feed for a period of 4 weeks. Fish were fed four types of diets: control, diets containing virgin PS particles, or particles exposed to two different environmental matrices (sewage or harbor effluent). Extrinsic barrier disturbance in intestinal tissue was evaluated via histology. The paracellular permeability toward ions and molecules was examined using Ussing chambers and mRNA expression analysis of tight junction proteins. Active transport was monitored as transepithelial potential difference, short-circuits current and uptake rate of amino acid 3H-lysine. Immune status parameters were measured through mRNA expression level of cytokines, lysozyme activity, and hematological analysis of immune cells. We could not show that PS MPs induced inflammatory responses or acted as physical or chemical hazards upon ingestion. No measurable effects were exerted on fish intestinal permeability, active transport or electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrė Ašmonaitė
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Medicinaregatan 18 , 413 90 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Medicinaregatan 18 , 413 90 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Medicinaregatan 18 , 413 90 Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Bethanie Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Gothenburg , Medicinaregatan 18 , 413 90 Göteborg , Sweden
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Health protective behavior scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190390. [PMID: 29309423 PMCID: PMC5757924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A healthy lifestyle includes health protective and health promoting behaviors. Health promoting lifestyle profiles have been developed, but measures of health protective behavior are still lacking. This study sought to develop a health protecting behavior scale. Methods An initial item pool for the Health Protective Behavior Scale (HPBS) was generated based on read and referred literature and a single-item open-ended survey. An expert group screened this initial item pool using an item-level content validity index. Pilot testing was conducted. The degree of variation, the response rate, the item-total correlation coefficient, and the factor loading in factor analysis and item analysis were used to screen items using data of pilot testing. 454 subjects were recruited evaluate the psychometric properties of the HPBS. Analyses included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factor analysis, parallel analysis, correlation analysis and criterion validity analysis. Results The final iteration of the HPBS was developed with 32 items and five dimensions: interpersonal support, general behavior, self-knowledge, nutrition behavior and health care. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability were 0.89 and 0.89 respectively. Correlation coefficients of the five dimensions ranged from 0.28 to 0.55. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the total scores on the WHOQOL-BREF and on the HPBS was 0.34. Conclusions HPBS has sufficient validity and reliability to measure health protective behaviors in adults.
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Fu D, Bridle A, Leef M, Gagnon MM, Hassell KL, Nowak BF. Using a multi-biomarker approach to assess the effects of pollution on sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:211-219. [PMID: 28392090 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic gene expression and liver histology were examined in sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) from six locations in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Four sets of genes including thyroid-related genes (D1, D2, TTR, TRα and TRβ), metal metabolism-related genes (MT, MTF1, TF, Ferritin and FPN1), apoptosis-related genes (Diablo/SMAC1, Diablo/SMAC2 and CYP1A) and an endoplasmic reticulum stress biomarker gene (GRP78) were examined in female flathead using qRT-PCR. TRβ and Diablo/SMAC1 gene expression was significantly up-regulated in fish from all polluted sites compared to those from a reference site. The transcripts of TRα and FPN1 were significantly higher in flathead from Corio Bay, while the hepatic mRNA of TTR and GRP78 were significantly lower in those fish. Positive correlations were observed between Diablo/SMAC1 and CYP1A, D2 and TRβ, TRα and TRβ. This study demonstrates that application of pathway-based biomarker genes and histopathology can provide comprehensive information on the impact of environmental pollutants on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Fu
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Andrew Bridle
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Melanie Leef
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Marthe Monique Gagnon
- Department of Environment & Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Hassell
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara F Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
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Asker N, Albertsson E, Wijkmark E, Bergek S, Parkkonen J, Kammann U, Holmqvist I, Kristiansson E, Strand J, Gercken J, Förlin L. Biomarker responses in eelpouts from four coastal areas in Sweden, Denmark and Germany. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 120:32-43. [PMID: 27423807 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To increase our understanding of possible chemical impacts on coastal fish populations in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak, the viviparous eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) was used as sentinel species in two major sampling campaigns (spring and autumn) in 16 different coastal sites. Condition factor (CF), liver somatic index (LSI), gonad somatic index (GSI) were measured and the activity of the hepatic enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione reductase GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and muscular activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assessed. PAH metabolites in bile were also analyzed. The most notable finding in the data set was the low EROD activity in eelpouts collected at the relatively polluted region in Germany compared to the other regions, which could be due to an inhibition of the CYP1A-system or to adaptation to chronic exposure of pollutants in this area. Additionally, low AChE activity was noted in the German region in the autumn campaign and low AChE activity detected in the Danish region in the spring campaign. These differences suggest possible season-specific differences in the use and release of AChE-inhibiting chemicals in the Danish and German regions. Clustering of biomarkers on site level indicated a relationship between CF and GSI and suggested that sites with a high CF contained eelpout that put a larger effort into their larvae development. Clustering of the oxidative stress markers GR, GST and CAT on the individual level reflected a possible coordinated regulation of these enzymes. Overall, the results support the importance of taking into account general regional differences and seasonal variation in biomarker activity when monitoring and assessing the effects of pollution. Despite the expected seasonal variation for most of the measured endpoint, several markers (GSI, EROD and CF) vary similarly between all selected sites in both spring and autumn. This suggests that the differences between sites for these endpoints are independent of season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomi Asker
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eva Albertsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Wijkmark
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Bergek
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-74242, Öregrund, Sweden; Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-178 93, Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Jari Parkkonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Kammann
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, D-22767, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inger Holmqvist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Strand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Gercken
- Institute of Applied Ecology Ltd., D-18184, Neu Broderstorf, Germany
| | - Lars Förlin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Yeast Biosensors for Detection of Environmental Pollutants: Current State and Limitations. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:408-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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