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Effects of River-Ice Breakup on Sediment Transport and Implications to Stream Environments: A Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13182541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During the breakup of river ice covers, a greater potential for erosion occurs due to rising discharge and moving ice and the highly dynamic waves that form upon ice-jam release. Consequently, suspended-sediment concentrations can increase sharply and peak before the arrival of the peak flow. Large spikes in sediment concentrations occasionally occur during the passage of sharp waves resulting from releases of upstream ice jams and the ensuing ice runs. This is important, as river form and function (both geomorphologic and ecological) depend upon sediment erosion and deposition. Yet, sediment monitoring programs often overlook the higher suspended-sediment concentrations and loads that occur during the breakup period owing to data-collection difficulties in the presence of moving ice and ice jams. In this review paper, we introduce basics of river sediment erosion and transport and of relevant phenomena that occur during the breakup of river ice. Datasets of varying volume and detail on measured and inferred suspended-sediment concentrations during the breakup period on different rivers are reviewed and compared. Possible effects of river characteristics on seasonal sediment supply are discussed, and the implications of increased sediment supply are reviewed based on seasonal comparisons. The paper also reviews the environmental significance of increased sediment supply both on water quality and ecosystem functionality.
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Jardine TD, Doig LE, Jones PD, Bharadwaj L, Carr M, Tendler B, Lindenschmidt KE. Vanadium and thallium exhibit biodilution in a northern river food web. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:381-386. [PMID: 31176901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trophic transfer of contaminants dictates concentrations and potential toxic effects in top predators, yet biomagnification behaviour of many trace elements is poorly understood. We examined concentrations of vanadium and thallium, two globally-distributed and anthropogenically-enriched elements, in a food web of the Slave River, Northwest Territories, Canada. We found that tissue concentrations of both elements declined with increasing trophic position as measured by δ15N. Slopes of log [element] versus δ15N regressions were both negative, with a steeper slope for V (-0.369) compared with Tl (-0.099). These slopes correspond to declines of 94% with each step in the food chain for V and 54% with each step in the food chain for Tl. This biodilution behaviour for both elements meant that concentrations in fish were well below values considered to be of concern for the health of fish-eating consumers. Further study of these elements in food webs is needed to allow a fuller understanding of biomagnification patterns across a range of species and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Jardine
- University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada; Canadian Rivers Institute, Canada.
| | - Lorne E Doig
- University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Paul D Jones
- University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Lalita Bharadwaj
- University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Meghan Carr
- University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Brett Tendler
- University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Environment and Sustainability, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
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