1
|
Rial-Berriel C, Carrillo-Hidalgo J, Luzardo OP, Martín-Cruz B, Zumbado M, Cecchetti M, Henríquez-Hernández LA. The common kestrel as an environmental bioindicator of toxic chemicals on Tenerife Island (Canary Islands, Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2025; 369:125851. [PMID: 39952594 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Indirect effects of toxic chemicals, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), affect non-target species like apex predators due to bioaccumulation in food webs. The common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus canariensis), an endemic subspecies from the Canary Islands and Madeira, was evaluated as a bioindicator to assess contamination by organic pollutants in Tenerife. A total of 390 liver samples, collected between 2003 and 2021, were analysed for 341 toxic compounds including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and POPs like PCBs, PBDEs, PAHs and OCPs. Results revealed widespread contamination: 97.7% of kestrels had DDE, and 94.6% had PCB, with congener #180 being the most prevalent. BDE-153 was detected in 32.3% of samples and PAH, predominantly naphthalene, in 36.9%. Additionally, we identified four fungicides, five insecticides, one herbicide, and the acaricide tetradifon, marking the first report of these substances in raptors globally. Generalised Linear Models (GLM) and Linear Models (LM) indicated that adults had significantly higher levels of OCP and PCB, and PBDE exposure. Males exhibited significantly higher levels of PCBs and were more likely to be exposed to PBDEs. A decline in the concentrations and presence of OCPs, PCBs, and PBDEs was observed during the second study period (2003-2009 vs. 2017-2021). For PAHs, the null model was the best fit, indicating that the factors examined (sex, age, human density, cultivated area or period) did not have a significantly influence on exposure. This comprehensive, long-term study, represents a pioneering investigation in the Canary Islands, demonstrating the utility of the common kestrel as a bioindicator of environmental pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rial-Berriel
- Toxicology Unit, University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain.
| | - José Carrillo-Hidalgo
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Research Group, University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands (IUETSPC), University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Martín-Cruz
- Toxicology Unit, University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain.
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Martina Cecchetti
- Toxicology Unit, University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter. Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Paseo Blas Cabrera s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Klim M, Żmijowska A, Cycoń M. Potential of newly isolated strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa MC-1/23 for the bioremediation of soil contaminated with selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Front Microbiol 2025; 16:1542875. [PMID: 40099187 PMCID: PMC11912566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1542875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
The widespread usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has resulted in their significant accumulation in the environment, necessitating the development of effective methods for their removal. This study primarily isolated a bacterial strain capable of degrading specific NSAIDs and evaluated its potential for eliminating these drugs from contaminated soil through bioaugmentation. The objectives were achieved by assessing the degradation rates of ibuprofen (IBF), diclofenac (DCF), and naproxen (NPX) in liquid media and soil samples inoculated with a newly identified strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MC-1/23. In addition, the effect of natural soil microflora and abiotic conditions on the breakdown of the tested NSAIDs was examined. The findings revealed that strain MC-1/23 could metabolize these compounds in a mineral salt medium, utilizing them as carbon and energy sources, suggesting metabolic degradation. When nonsterile soil was augmented with the P. aeruginosa MC-1/23 strain, the degradation rates of the drugs significantly improved, as evidenced by reductions in t1/2 values by 5.3-, 1.4-, and 5.8-fold for IBF, DCF, and NPX, respectively, compared with soil containing only natural microflora. These results confirm that the introduced strain enhances the catabolic potential of existing microflora. Thus, the strain’s degradation and bioremediation capabilities offer valuable applications for remediating NSAID-contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Klim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żmijowska
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Branch Pszczyna, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Cycoń
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cardoso-Vera JD, Islas-Flores H, Pérez-Alvarez I, Díaz-Camal N. Evidence of Oxidative Stress as a Mechanism of Pharmaceutical-Induced Toxicity in Amphibians. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1399. [PMID: 39594540 PMCID: PMC11590872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphibians, which are essential components of ecosystems, are susceptible to pharmaceutical contamination, a phenomenon of increasing concern owing to the widespread consumption and detection of pharmaceutical compounds in environmental matrices. This review investigates oxidative stress (OS) as the primary mechanism of drug toxicity in these organisms. The evidence gathered reveals that various pharmaceuticals, from antibiotics to anesthetics, induce OS by altering biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant defense. These findings underscore the deleterious effects of pharmaceuticals on amphibian health and development and emphasize the necessity of incorporating OS biomarkers into ecotoxicological risk assessments. Although further studies on diverse amphibian species, drug mixtures, and field studies are required, OS biomarkers offer valuable tools for identifying sublethal risks. Furthermore, the development of more refined OS biomarkers will facilitate the early detection of adverse effects, which are crucial for protecting amphibians and their ecosystems. Ultimately, this review calls for continued research and mitigation strategies to safeguard biodiversity from pharmaceutical contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Daniel Cardoso-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, Toluca 50120, Estado de México, Mexico; (I.P.-A.); (N.D.-C.)
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, Toluca 50120, Estado de México, Mexico; (I.P.-A.); (N.D.-C.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Estrada-Almeida AG, Castrejón-Godínez ML, Mussali-Galante P, Tovar-Sánchez E, Rodríguez A. Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Ecotoxicological Impacts and the Use of Agro-Industrial Waste for Their Removal from Aquatic Environments. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:1465-1518. [PMID: 39449423 PMCID: PMC11503348 DOI: 10.3390/jox14040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicines are pharmaceutical substances used to treat, prevent, or relieve symptoms of different diseases in animals and humans. However, their large-scale production and use worldwide cause their release to the environment. Pharmaceutical molecules are currently considered emerging pollutants that enter water bodies due to inadequate management, affecting water quality and generating adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Hence, different alternatives for pharmaceuticals removal from water have been sought; among them, the use of agro-industrial wastes has been proposed, mainly because of its high availability and low cost. This review highlights the adverse ecotoxicological effects related to the presence of different pharmaceuticals on aquatic environments and analyzes 94 investigations, from 2012 to 2024, on the removal of 17 antibiotics, highlighting sulfamethoxazole as the most reported, as well as 6 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac and ibuprofen, and 27 pharmaceutical drugs with different pharmacological activities. The removal of these drugs was evaluated using agro-industrial wastes such as wheat straw, mung bean husk, bagasse, bamboo, olive stones, rice straw, pinewood, rice husk, among others. On average, 60% of the agro-industrial wastes were transformed into biochar to be used as a biosorbents for pharmaceuticals removal. The diversity in experimental conditions among the removal studies makes it difficult to stablish which agro-industrial waste has the greatest removal capacity; therefore, in this review, the drug mass removal rate (DMRR) was calculated, a parameter used with comparative purposes. Almond shell-activated biochar showed the highest removal rate for antibiotics (1940 mg/g·h), while cork powder (CP) (10,420 mg/g·h) showed the highest for NSAIDs. Therefore, scientific evidence demonstrates that agro-industrial waste is a promising alternative for the removal of emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Estrada-Almeida
- Especialidad en Gestión Integral de Residuos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Mexico;
| | - María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Mexico;
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Mexico;
| | - Alexis Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 62209, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bean TG, Beasley VR, Berny P, Eisenreich KM, Elliott JE, Eng ML, Fuchsman PC, Johnson MS, King MD, Mateo R, Meyer CB, Salice CJ, Rattner BA. Toxicological effects assessment for wildlife in the 21st century: Review of current methods and recommendations for a path forward. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:699-724. [PMID: 37259706 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Model species (e.g., granivorous gamebirds, waterfowl, passerines, domesticated rodents) have been used for decades in guideline laboratory tests to generate survival, growth, and reproductive data for prospective ecological risk assessments (ERAs) for birds and mammals, while officially adopted risk assessment schemes for amphibians and reptiles do not exist. There are recognized shortcomings of current in vivo methods as well as uncertainty around the extent to which species with different life histories (e.g., terrestrial amphibians, reptiles, bats) than these commonly used models are protected by existing ERA frameworks. Approaches other than validating additional animal models for testing are being developed, but the incorporation of such new approach methodologies (NAMs) into risk assessment frameworks will require robust validations against in vivo responses. This takes time, and the ability to extrapolate findings from nonanimal studies to organism- and population-level effects in terrestrial wildlife remains weak. Failure to adequately anticipate and predict hazards could have economic and potentially even legal consequences for regulators and product registrants. In order to be able to use fewer animals or replace them altogether in the long term, vertebrate use and whole organism data will be needed to provide data for NAM validation in the short term. Therefore, it is worth investing resources for potential updates to existing standard test guidelines used in the laboratory as well as addressing the need for clear guidance on the conduct of field studies. Herein, we review the potential for improving standard in vivo test methods and for advancing the use of field studies in wildlife risk assessment, as these tools will be needed in the foreseeable future. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:699-724. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Val R Beasley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Karen M Eisenreich
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - John E Elliott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Margaret L Eng
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Mark S Johnson
- US Defense Centers for Public Health-Aberdeen, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
| | - Mason D King
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | | - Barnett A Rattner
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brooks BW, van den Berg S, Dreier DA, LaLone CA, Owen SF, Raimondo S, Zhang X. Towards Precision Ecotoxicology: Leveraging Evolutionary Conservation of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Product Targets to Understand Adverse Outcomes Across Species and Life Stages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:526-536. [PMID: 37787405 PMCID: PMC11017229 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Translation of environmental science to the practice aims to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services, and our future ability to do so relies on the development of a precision ecotoxicology approach wherein we leverage the genetics and informatics of species to better understand and manage the risks of global pollution. A little over a decade ago, a workshop focusing on the risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment identified a priority research question, "What can be learned about the evolutionary conservation of PPCP targets across species and life stages in the context of potential adverse outcomes and effects?" We review the activities in this area over the past decade, consider prospects of more recent developments, and identify future research needs to develop next-generation approaches for PPCPs and other global chemicals and waste challenges. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:526-536. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - David A Dreier
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Stewart F Owen
- Global Sustainability, Astra Zeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Sandy Raimondo
- Gulf Ecosystem Measurement and Modeling Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nantaba F, Wasswa J, Kylin H, Bouwman H, Palm WU, Kümmerer K. Spatial trends and ecotoxic risk assessment of selected pharmaceuticals in sediments from Lake Victoria, Uganda, East Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167348. [PMID: 37769731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment are an emerging issue of global concern because of their effects on ecosystems including; antibacterial resistance development and endocrine disruption. Lake Victoria is the largest freshwater lake in Africa, and the second largest lake in the world. It is also the main source of the White Nile River, arguably the longest river in the world, flowing through South Sudan, Sudan, Ethiopia and Egypt, discharging into the Mediterranean Sea. However, its ecology is threatened by rapid industrialisation, urbanization, and increased agricultural activities, which have led to increased pollution via polluted runoffs. In this study, the occurrence of twenty-five pharmaceutical compounds (14 antibiotics, four anti-epileptic and antidepressant drugs, three analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, three beta-blockers, and one lipid regulator) was studied in 55 sediment samples obtained from the Ugandan sector of Lake Victoria, and their ecotoxic risk assessed. All the target compounds were quantifiable with levofloxacin (2-120 ng g-1 dm; dry mass), ciprofloxacin (3-130 ng g-1 dm) enoxacin (9-75 ng g-1 dm), ibuprofen (6-50 ng g-1 dm), metoprolol (1-92 ng g-1 dm) and propranolol (1-52 ng g-1 dm) being predominant. Murchison Bay, being the chief recipient of sewage effluents, municipal and industrial waste from Kampala city and its suburbs, had the highest levels. Ecotoxic risk assessment revealed that ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, norfloxacin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine, atenolol, and metoprolol posed high toxic risks to sediment-dwelling organisms (risk quotients, RQ >1). This is the first study reporting concentrations and ecotoxic risks of pharmaceuticals in sediments of Lake Victoria, Uganda, and the whole of East Africa. Detection, identification and quantification of pharmaceuticals in Lake Victoria sediments is essential for gaining knowledge on their occurrence and fate which can ultimately be used to assist in constructing relevant policy and management recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Nantaba
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - John Wasswa
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henrik Kylin
- Department of Thematic Research - Environmental Change, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden; Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Wolf-Ulrich Palm
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Malnes D, Waara S, Figuière R, Ahrens L, Wiberg K, Köhler SJ, Golovko O. Hazard screening of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Sweden's three largest lakes and their associated rivers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131376. [PMID: 37094447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances have recently garnered increased attention by environmental researchers, the water sector and environmental protection agencies. In this study, acute and chronic species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were retrieved from literature data for previously quantified contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Swedish surface waters (n = 92) and risk quotients (RQ) were calculated. To better understand the characteristics of the detected CECs in non-urban lake sites (n = 71), these compounds were checked against established criteria for potentially toxic PMs (PM(T)s) and occurrence in the aquatic environment, respectively. For the CECs with missing SSDs (n = 15 [acute], n = 41 [chronic]), ecotoxicity data were extracted for eight taxonomic groups, and if data were sufficient (n ≥ 3), SSDs were derived. The retrieved and newly developed SSDs were then used in an environmental hazard assessment (EHA) in the investigated Swedish rivers and lakes. In the rivers, 8 CECs had RQ> 1 in at least one location, and 20 CECs posed a moderate risk (0.01 < RQ < 1). In total, 21 of the 71 detected substances had already been identified as PM(T)/vPvM substances. Our study shows the importance of studying field data at large spatial scale to reveal potential environmental hazards far from source areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malnes
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sylvia Waara
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental and Biosciences, Halmstad University, SE-301 18, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Romain Figuière
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University (ACES), SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan J Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun S, Meng F, Qi H. Simultaneous determination of fourteen pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge using online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with accelerated solvent extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62522-62531. [PMID: 36943570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An online solid-phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was developed for simultaneous determination of 14 pharmaceuticals in sludge. In the online SPE procedures, ultrapure water with no additives was used as the loading solvent. In addition, low molecular weight targets such as atenolol were difficult to retain on SPE column after acetone was added to the washing solvent. The response signal of analytes can be greatly improved by adding 0.2% formic acid to the mobile phase. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries of all the analytes ranged between 75.1 and 112%. Moreover, the limit of detections ranged from 1.8 to 7.9 ug/kg. The precision of analytical data was determined with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 4.87%. This method was successfully applied to determine the concentration of pharmaceuticals in sludge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Sun
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Fan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, & School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, & School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rohner S, Gramer M, Wiesweg I, Scherf-Clavel O, Wohlsein P, Schmelz M, Siebert U, Richter F, Gernert M. Present in the Aquatic Environment, Unclear Evidence in Top Predators-The Unknown Effects of Anti-Seizure Medication on Eurasian Otters ( Lutra lutra) from Northern Germany. TOXICS 2023; 11:338. [PMID: 37112566 PMCID: PMC10142713 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are produced globally at high rates and often ultimately find their way into the aquatic environment. These include substances contained in anti-seizure medication (ASM), which are currently appearing in surface waters at increasing concentrations in Germany. Unintentional and sublethal, chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals such as ASMs has unknown consequences for aquatic wildlife. Adverse effects of ASMs on the brain development are documented in mammals. Top predators such as Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) are susceptible to the bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants. Still little is known about the health status of the otter population in Germany, while the detection of various pollutants in otter tissue samples has highlighted their role as an indicator species. To investigate potential contamination with pharmaceuticals, Eurasian otter brain samples were screened for selected ASMs via high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Via histology, brain sections were analyzed for the presence of potential associated neuropathological changes. In addition to 20 wild otters that were found dead, a control group of 5 deceased otters in human care was studied. Even though none of the targeted ASMs were detected in the otters, unidentified substances in many otter brains were measured. No obvious pathology was observed histologically, although the sample quality limited the investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohner
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Gramer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivo Wiesweg
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Aktion Fischotterschutz e.V, Otter-Zentrum Hankensbüttel, 29386 Hankensbüttel, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Gernert
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|