Composition of seeds and stems essential oils ofPituranthos scoparius(Coss. & Dur.) Schinz

Alpha-Phellandrene and Alpha-Phellandrene-Rich Essential Oils: A Systematic Review of Biological Activities, Pharmaceutical and Food Applications

Alpha-phellandrene is a very common cyclic monoterpene found in several EOs, which shows extensive biological activities. Therefore, the main focus of the present systematic review was to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the state of the art regarding its biological activities and pharmaceutical and food applications. In addition, the study identified essential oils rich in alpha-phellandrene and summarized their main biological activities as a preliminary screening to encourage subsequent studies on their single components. With this review, we selected and critically analyzed 99 papers, using the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, SciELO, Wiley and WOS, on 8 July 2022. Data were independently extracted by four authors of this work, selecting those studies which reported the keyword "alpha-phellandrene" in the title and/or the abstract, and avoiding those in which there was not a clear correlation between the molecule and its biological activities and/or a specific concentration from its source. Duplication data were removed in the final article. Many essential oils have significant amounts of alpha-phellandrene, and the species Anethum graveolens and Foeniculum vulgare are frequently cited. Some studies on the above-mentioned species show high alpha-phellandrene amounts up to 82.1%. There were 12 studies on alpha-phellandrene as a pure molecule showed promising biological functions, including antitumoral, antinociceptive, larvicidal and insecticidal activities. There were 87 research works on EOs rich in alpha-phellandrene, which were summarized with a focus on additional data concerning potential biological activities. We believe this data is a useful starting point to start new research on the pure molecule, and, in particular, to distinguish between the synergistic effects of the different components of the OEs and those due to alpha-phellandrene itself. Toxicological data are still lacking, requiring further investigation on the threshold values to distinguish the boundary between beneficial and toxic effects, i.e., mutagenic, carcinogenic and allergenic. All these findings offer inspiration for potential applications of alpha-phellandrene as a new biopesticide, antimicrobial and antitumoral agent. In particular, we believe our work is of interest as a starting point for further studies on the food application of alpha-phellandrene.

Appraisal on the Wound Healing Potential of Deverra tortuosa DC. and Deverra triradiata Hochst Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Topical Preparation

Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. and Deverra. triradiata Hochst. ex Bioss are perennial desert shrubs widely used traditionally for many purposes and they are characteristic for their essential oil. The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vivo wound healing activity of the essential oil (EO) of D. tortuosa and D. triradiata through their encapsulation into nanoemulsion. EO nanoemulsion was prepared using an aqueous phase titration method, and nanoemulsion zones were identified through the construction of phase diagrams. The EO was prepared by hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed using GC/MS. D. tortuosa oil is rich in the non-oxygenated compound, representing 74.54, 73.02, and 41.19% in HD, MADH, and SFE, respectively, and sabinene represents the major monoterpene hydrocarbons. Moreover, D. triradiata is rich in oxygenated compounds being 69.77, 52.87, and 61.69% in HD, MADH, and SFE, respectively, with elemicin and myristicin as major phenylpropanoids. Topical application of the nanoemulsion of D. tortuosa and D. triradiata (1% or 2%) exhibited nearly 100% wound contraction and complete healing at day 16. Moreover, they exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and a significant increase in growth factors and hydroxyproline levels. Histopathological examination exhibited complete re-epithelialization accompanied by activated hair follicles and abundant collagen fibers, especially at a concentration of 2%. Therefore, the incorporation of the two Deverra species into nanoemulsion could professionally endorse different stages of wound healing.

The Genus Deverra DC. (Syn. Pituranthos Viv.): A natural valuable source of bioactive phytochemicals: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties

The genus Deverra DC. (Apiaceae) comprising only 13 taxa (9 species and 4 subspecies level) with disjunctive distribution in South Africa, in North Africa to Arabian Ecoregion. Thesis, books, Scientific journals, and reports were referred to collect information on the Deverra species. This present work reviewed the literature from 1900 to the end of January 2021. The aim of the review is to highlight traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the species of the genus. The ethnopharmacologial uses of plant taxa belonging to this genus indicated that plant extracts, Essentail Oils (EOs) and infusion of aerial parts (APs) have been used in traditional popular medicine. The plants are used as a treatment of various purposes, such as asthma, rheumatism, fevers, hepatitis, diabetes and digestive difficulties. This present work focuses on ethnopharmacology of the Deverra species, the phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology among other studies on the genus. The present article summarizes on known and potential effects of the Deverra species as well as traditional medicine uses corroborated with pharmacological evidences. By the end of the review, Deverra species have a large application of bioactivities and the most described activities of Deverra plants are attributed to the presence of essential oils, coumarins, furocoumarins, flavonoids and phenolics. CONCLUSIONS: The review confirms that some Deverra taxa have been reported as a valuable source for flavoring and as a condiment as well as in the traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension, to relief stomach pain and against intestinal parasites against spasms, pains, diabetes, hepatitis, digestive difficulties, urinary infections … etc. Nonetheless, for the valorisation of Deverra species in order to prevent and treat various diseases, further pharmacological investigations are strongly required to determine the mechanism of action, test the safety and the efficacity before starting clinical trials at big scale.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Pituranthos Chloranthus Volatile Oil

The chemical composition of the essential oil of Pituranthos chloranthus ssp. cossonianus Maire (Apiaceae) was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal 54 compounds. The main constituents were myristicine (27.4%), limonene (15.8%), α-pinene (11.4%), and α-phellandrene (8.3%). The antibacterial activity of the oil was evaluated against several strains and was shown to be significant against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methyl eugenol: its occurrence, distribution, and role in nature, especially in relation to insect behavior and pollination

This review discusses the occurrence and distribution (within a plant) of methyl eugenol in different plant species (> 450) from 80 families spanning many plant orders, as well as various roles this chemical plays in nature, especially in the interactions between tephritid fruit flies and plants.

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Pituranthos scoparius

The essential oils obtained by hydro distillation of the aerial parts of Pituranthos scoparius were collected from different regions of Algeria and gave various yields ranging from 0.6 up to 2.8% (v/w). These samples were analyzed by GC and GC-MS showing the occurrence of monoterpene hydrocarbons and some oxygenated compounds. The major components were α-pinene (4.4-35.8%), limonene (0.8-66.5%), bornyl acetate (tr-9.6%), myristicin (tr-31.1) and dill apiole (0.4-47.3%). The aerial parts of P. scoparius could be either very rich or very poor in limonene, myristicin or dill apiole. Cluster analysis shows differences in essential oil compositions of samples coming from the different area collected.

Constituents of the Polar Extracts from Algerian Pituranthos scoparius

The methanolic and aqueous extracts of Pituranthos scoparius (Coss. & Dur.) Benth. & Hook. (Apiaceae) have been analyzed and fifteen metabolites were identified: two cinnamic acids (5-O-caffeoyl quinic acid and 5-feruloyl quinic acid), and thirteen known flavonoids (vicenin-2, six quercetin and six isorhamnetin O-glycosylated derivatives). 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid was the main component, while, of the flavonoids, the isorhamnetin derivatives were present to a greater extent.