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Wang H, Chen J, Guo R, Wang D, Wang T, Sun Y. Exogenous brassinolide treatment regulates phenolic accumulation in mung bean sprouts through the modulation of sugar and energy metabolism. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1656-1667. [PMID: 37851693 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of exogenous brassinolide (BR) treatment (3.0 μmol L-1 ) on phenolic biosynthesis in mung bean sprouts were investigated. This investigation included the analysis of sugar content, substrates within the phenylpropane pathway, energy substances, enzymatic activity within the phenylpropane pathway, sugar metabolism and energy metabolism. RESULTS Results showed that BR treatment significantly increased the levels of total phenolics, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, fumalic acid and caffeic acid. This enhancement was accomplished through the elevation of l-phenylalanine levels and the activation of enzymes associated with the phenylpropane pathway in mung bean sprouts, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and 4-coumarate CoA ligase. Furthermore, BR treatment induced alterations in sugar metabolism in mung bean sprouts as evidenced by the increased levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose and phosphoenolpyruvate. Moreover, increased activity was observed for enzymes linked to sucrose metabolism and glycolysis in the BR-treated group. Concurrently, BR treatment bolstered the levels of adenosine triphosphate and energy charge in mung bean sprouts, which was attributed to the activation of H+ -adenosine triphosphatase, Ca2+ -adenosine triphosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BR treatment can accelerate the accumulation of phenolic compounds in mung bean sprouts. This effect is achieved not only through the activation of the phenylpropane pathway, but also through the modulation of sugar and energy metabolism. The modulation provides ample energy and a substrate for the biosynthesis of phenolics. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinghao Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Runjiu Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Taixia Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yali Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Yu S, Hu W, Ma L, Luo Y, Zeng X, Tian S. Elucidation of the effects of autochthonous starter on nitrogen-containing compounds during fermentation of Yujiangsuan by metabolomics. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7546-7554. [PMID: 38107150 PMCID: PMC10724583 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the role of microorganisms in nitrogen (N)-containing compound changes during the processing of Yujiangsuan by autochthonous starter cultures, the GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics method was adopted to investigate the effects of Weissella cibaria and Lactobacillus plantarum. The results demonstrated that inoculation of autochthonous strains led to differential metabolites, such as fatty acids, organic oxygen compounds, and carboxylic acids on day 4 to day 12 of fermentation. The N-containing compounds under the inoculated fermentation group showed a faster relative concentration change. Nucleotide metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism exerted an influence on the formation of N-containing compounds. Apart from that, the effect of W. cibaria and L. plantarum on the hydrolysis of macromolecules was the main factor causing differences in major N-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Yu
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringMoutai InstituteRenhuaiChina
| | - Wenkang Hu
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringMoutai InstituteRenhuaiChina
| | - Yin Luo
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Shanjun Tian
- College of AgricultureGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Lai RL, Xu XP, Qi F, Zhang CY, Guan QX, Cui J, XuHan X, Lin YL, Lai ZX. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Regulation of Flavonoids in the Production of Embryogenic Cultures during Early Somatic Embryogenesis of Longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18622-18635. [PMID: 37976371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenic cultures of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) contain various metabolites with pharmacological properties that may function in the regulation of somatic embryogenesis (SE). In this study, based on widely targeted metabolomics, 501 metabolites were obtained from the embryogenic calli, incomplete compact proembryogenic cultures, and globular embryos during early SE of longan, among which 41 flavonoids were differentially accumulated during the SE. Using RNA sequencing, 36 flavonoid-biosynthesis-related genes and 43 MYB and 52 bHLH transcription factors were identified as differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the flavonoid metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched during the early SE. These results suggested that the changes in flavonoid levels in the embryogenic cultures of longan were mediated by MYBs and bHLHs via regulating flavonoid-biosynthesis-related genes, thus potentially regulating early SE. The identified metabolites in the embryogenic cultures of longan can be used to develop pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lian Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chun-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qing-Xu Guan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xu XuHan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Xiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Luo T, Lin X, Lai T, Long L, Lai Z, Du X, Guo X, Shuai L, Han D, Wu Z. GA 3 Treatment Delays the Deterioration of 'Shixia' Longan during the On-Tree Preservation and Room-Temperature Storage and Up-Regulates Antioxidants. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102032. [PMID: 37238852 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acids had been proven to improve the fruit quality and storability by delaying deterioration and maintaining the antioxidant system. In this study, the effect of GA3 spraying at different concentrations (10, 20, and 50 mg L-1) on the quality of on-tree preserved 'Shixia' longan was examined. Only 50 mg L-1 GA3 significantly delayed the decline of soluble solids (22.0% higher than the control) and resulted in higher total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in pulp at the later stages. The widely targeted metabolome analysis showed that the treatment reprogrammed secondary metabolites and up-regulated many tannins, phenolic acids, and lignans during the on-tree preservation. More importantly, the preharvest 50 mg L-1 GA3 spraying (at 85 and 95 days after flowering) led to significantly delayed pericarp browning and aril breakdown, as well as lower pericarp relative conductivity and mass loss at the later stages of room-temperature storage. The treatment also resulted in higher antioxidants in pulp (vitamin C, phenolics, and reduced glutathione) and pericarp (vitamin C, flavonoids, and phenolics). Therefore, preharvest 50 mg L-1 GA3 spraying is an effective method for maintaining the quality and up-regulating antioxidants of longan fruit during both on-tree preservation and room-temperature storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaolan Lin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingting Lai
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Libing Long
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziying Lai
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liang Shuai
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenxian Wu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Jing D, Liu X, He Q, Dang J, Hu R, Xia Y, Wu D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Xia Q, Zhang C, Yu Y, Guo Q, Liang G. Genome assembly of wild loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica) and resequencing provide new insights into the genomic evolution and fruit domestication in loquat. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac265. [PMID: 36778182 PMCID: PMC9909508 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wild loquats (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) provide remarkable genetic resources for studying domestication and breeding improved varieties. Herein, we generate the first high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of wild loquat, with 45 791 predicted protein-coding genes. Analysis of comparative genomics indicated that loquat shares a common ancestor with apple and pear, and a recent whole-genome duplication event occurred in loquat prior to its divergence. Genome resequencing showed that the loquat germplasms can be distinctly classified into wild and cultivated groups, and the commercial cultivars have experienced allelic admixture. Compared with cultivated loquats, the wild loquat genome showed very few selected genomic regions and had higher levels of genetic diversity. However, whole-genome scans of selective sweeps were mainly related to fruit quality, size, and flesh color during the domestication process. Large-scale transcriptome and metabolome analyses were further performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in wild and cultivated loquats at various fruit development stages. Unlike those in wild loquat, the key DEGs and DAMs involved in carbohydrate metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly regulated in cultivated loquats during fruit development. These high-quality reference genome, resequencing, and large-scale transcriptome/metabolome data provide valuable resources for elucidating fruit domestication and molecular breeding in loquat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiangbo Dang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruoqian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Chongqing 400715, China
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Long L, Lai T, Han D, Lin X, Xu J, Zhu D, Guo X, Lin Y, Pan F, Wang Y, Lai Z, Du X, Fang D, Shuai L, Wu Z, Luo T. A Comprehensive Analysis of Physiologic and Hormone Basis for the Difference in Room-Temperature Storability between ‘Shixia’ and ‘Luosanmu’ Longan Fruits. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192503. [PMID: 36235369 PMCID: PMC9572663 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the effects of phytohormones (mainly salicylic acid) on the storability of longan fruit have been reported, the relationship between postharvest hormone variation and signal transduction and storability remains unexplored. The basis of physiology, biochemistry, hormone content and signalling for the storability difference at room-temperature between ‘Shixia’ and ‘Luosanmu’ longan fruit were examined. ‘Luosanmu’ longan exhibited faster pericarp browning, aril breakdown and rotting during storage. ‘Luosanmu’ pericarp exhibited higher malondialdehyde but faster decreased total phenolics, flavonoid, glutathione, vitamin C, catalase activity and gene expression. Higher H2O2 and malondialdehyde but lower glutathione, glutathione-reductase and peroxidase activities, while higher activities and gene expressions of polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase and cellulose, lower covalent-soluble pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose but higher water-soluble pectin were observed in ‘Luosanmu’ aril. Lower abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate but higher expressions of LOX2, JAZ and NPR1 in pericarp, while higher abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid together with higher expressions of ABF, JAZ, NPR1 and PR-1 in ‘Luosanmu’ aril were observed. In conclusion, the imbalance between the accumulation and scavenging of active oxygen in ‘Luosanmu’ longan might induce faster lipid peroxidation and senescence-related hormone signalling and further the polymerization of phenolics in pericarp and polysaccharide degradation in aril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Long
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingting Lai
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaolan Lin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianhang Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Difa Zhu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuqiong Lin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengyi Pan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yihang Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziying Lai
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Di Fang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liang Shuai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering/Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Zhenxian Wu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Tao Luo
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (T.L.)
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Production of Triploid Germplasm by Inducing 2n Pollen in Longan. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is of great economic significance in South China for its unique taste and nutritional properties. However, longan breeding is mainly based on seedling selection, which generally results in small fruits, low flesh recovery, and few seedless germplasm. Triploid breeding is a central way to improve these problems. In this study, microspore chromosomes were doubled by colchicine and high-temperature treatment to create triploids in longans. The relationship between the development process of male gametophyte of longans and the morphological changes of male flower buds was established. Cytological observation showed that when the male flower buds were in stage I (when the diameter of the flower bud is 1.4–2.0 mm), most of the microspores were at the pachytene to diakinesis stage of meiosis, and the chromosome doubling induction effect was the best at this stage. The results showed that the 2n pollen rate induced by a high temperature of about 38 °C was higher than that induced by colchicine treatment. The highest 2n pollen rate was 5.7% and 5.5% based on the microscopic measurement method and the abnormal separation in tetrad stage estimation method, respectively. Four triploids were successfully obtained from artificial pollination with 2n pollen, with a triploid induction rate of 0.6%. This study will promote ploidy breeding in longans.
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