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Mavridou E, Lema Fernandez AG, Nardelli C, Pierini V, Quintini M, Arniani S, Di Giacomo D, Crescenzi B, Matteucci C, Sambani C, Mecucci C. A novel t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) translocation adds to the role of BCOR and RUNX1 in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23235. [PMID: 38656651 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In myeloid neoplasms, both fusion genes and gene mutations are well-established events identifying clinicopathological entities. In this study, we present a thus far undescribed t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) in five cases with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The translocation was isolated or accompanied by additional changes. It did not generate any fusion gene or gene deregulation by aberrant juxtaposition with regulatory sequences. Molecular analysis by targeted next-generation sequencing showed that the translocation was accompanied by at least one somatic mutation in TET2, EZH2, RUNX1, ASXL1, SRSF2, ZRSR2, DNMT3A, and NRAS genes. Co-occurrence of deletion of RUNX1 in 21q22 and of BCOR in Xp11 was associated with t(X;21). BCOR haploinsufficiency corresponded to a significant hypo-expression in t(X;21) cases, compared to normal controls and to normal karyotype AML. By contrast, RUNX1 expression was not altered, suggesting a compensatory effect by the remaining allele. Whole transcriptome analysis showed that overexpression of HOXA9 differentiated t(X;21) from both controls and t(8;21)-positive AML. In conclusion, we characterized a new recurrent reciprocal t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) chromosome translocation in MDS and AML, generating simultaneous BCOR and RUNX1 deletions rather than a fusion gene at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mavridou
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Nardelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Pierini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Quintini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Arniani
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Danika Di Giacomo
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Crescenzi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Matteucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Constantina Sambani
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a vital role in cell survival by regulating physiological metabolism and signal transduction of cells. The imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant states induces oxidative stress within a cell. Redox regulation and oxidative stress are closely related to survival and proliferation of stem cells, cancer cells, and cancer stem cells. Peroxiredoxin 4, a typical endoplasmic reticulum-resident 2-Cys antioxidant of peroxiredoxins, can fine-tune hydrogen peroxide catabolism which affects cell survival by affecting redox balance, oxidative protein folding, and regulation of hydrogen peroxide signaling. Recent studies revealed the overexpression of peroxiredoxin 4 in several kinds of cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. And it has been demonstrated that peroxiredoxin 4 causally contributes to tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistance, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. In this article, the characteristics of peroxiredoxin 4 in physiological functions and the cancer-related research progress of mammalian peroxiredoxin 4 is reviewed. We believe that peroxiredoxin 4 has the potential of serving as a novel target for multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiao Jia
- 1 Health Management Center, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Pengxiang Chen
- 2 Radiotherapy Department, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- 2 Radiotherapy Department, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
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Sharapov MG, Novoselov VI. Catalytic and Signaling Role of Peroxiredoxins in Carcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:79-100. [PMID: 31216969 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells experience strong oxidative stress caused by disorders in cell metabolism and action of external factors. For survival, cancer cells have developed a highly efficient system of antioxidant defense, some of the most important elements of which are peroxiredoxins (Prxs). Prxs are an evolutionarily ancient family of selenium-independent peroxidases that reduce a wide range of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides in the cell and the extracellular space. In addition, some Prxs exhibit chaperone and phospholipase activities. Prxs play an important role in the maintenance of the cell redox homeostasis; they prevent oxidation and aggregation of regulatory proteins, thereby affecting many cell signaling pathways. Prxs are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Due to their versatility and wide representation in all tissues and organs, Prxs participate in the development/suppression of many pathological conditions, among which cancer occupies a special place. This review focuses on the role of Prxs in the development of various forms of cancer. Understanding molecular mechanisms of Prx involvement in these processes will allow to develop new approaches to the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - V I Novoselov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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Yoshino A, Polouliakh N, Meguro A, Takeuchi M, Kawagoe T, Mizuki N. Chum salmon egg extracts induce upregulation of collagen type I and exert antioxidative effects on human dermal fibroblast cultures. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:1159-68. [PMID: 27621603 PMCID: PMC5010078 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Components of fish roe possess antioxidant and antiaging activities, making them potentially very beneficial natural resources. Here, we investigated chum salmon eggs (CSEs) as a source of active ingredients, including vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, and proteins. We incubated human dermal fibroblast cultures for 48 hours with high and low concentrations of CSE extracts and analyzed changes in gene expression. Cells treated with CSE extract showed concentration-dependent upregulation of collagen type I genes and of multiple antioxidative genes, including OXR1, TXNRD1, and PRDX family genes. We further conducted in silico phylogenetic footprinting analysis of promoter regions. These results suggested that transcription factors such as acute myeloid leukemia-1a and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein may be involved in the observed upregulation of antioxidative genes. Our results support the idea that CSEs are strong candidate sources of antioxidant materials and cosmeceutically effective ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yoshino
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa
| | - Natalia Polouliakh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa; Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., Fundamental Research Laboratories; Systems Biology Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa; Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tatsukata Kawagoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa
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Park MH, Jo M, Kim YR, Lee CK, Hong JT. Roles of peroxiredoxins in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 163:1-23. [PMID: 27130805 PMCID: PMC7112520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes, known to catalyze peroxide reduction to balance cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, which are essential for cell signaling and metabolism and act as a regulator of redox signaling. Redox signaling is a critical component of cell signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of cell growth, metabolism, hormone signaling, immune regulation and variety of other physiological functions. Early studies demonstrated that PRDXs regulates cell growth, metabolism and immune regulation and therefore involved in the pathologic regulator or protectant of several cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Oxidative stress and antioxidant systems are important regulators of redox signaling regulated diseases. In addition, thiol-based redox systems through peroxiredoxins have been demonstrated to regulate several redox-dependent process related diseases. In this review article, we will discuss recent findings regarding PRDXs in the development of diseases and further discuss therapeutic approaches targeting PRDXs. Moreover, we will suggest that PRDXs could be targets of several diseases and the therapeutic agents for targeting PRDXs may have potential beneficial effects for the treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory diseases. Future research should open new avenues for the design of novel therapeutic approaches targeting PRDXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - MiRan Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea, 361-951.
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6
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Li L, Qi XL, Chen XH, Ren FG, Xu ZF, Tan YH, Yang SY, Pan J, Xu J, Li J, Wang HW. Identification of RUNX1 gene breakage and copy number variation in acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 38:e23-6. [PMID: 26696592 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Department of Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - X L Qi
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - X H Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - F G Ren
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Z F Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Y H Tan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - S Y Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - J Pan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - H W Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Fujii J, Ikeda Y, Kurahashi T, Homma T. Physiological and pathological views of peroxiredoxin 4. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:373-9. [PMID: 25656995 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) form an enzyme family that exhibits peroxidase activity using electrons from thioredoxin and other donor molecules. As the signaling roles of hydrogen peroxide in response to extracellular stimuli have emerged, the involvement of PRDX in the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling has become evident. Among six PRDX members in mammalian cells, PRDX4 uniquely possesses a hydrophobic signal peptide at the amino terminus, and, hence, it undergoes either secretion or retention by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. The role of PRDX4 as a sulfoxidase in ER is now attracting much attention regarding the oxidative protein folding of nascent proteins. Contrary to this role in the ER, the functional significance of PRDX4 in the extracellular milieu is virtually unknown despite its implications as a biomarker under pathological conditions in some diseases. Other than its systemically expressed form, a variant form of PRDX4 is transcribed from the upstream promoter/exon 1 of the systemic promoter/exon 1 and is uniquely expressed in sexually matured testes. Circumstantial evidence, together with deduced functions from the systemic form, suggests that there are potential roles for testicular PRDX4 in the reproductive processes such as the regulation of hormonal signals and the oxidative packaging of sperm chromatin. Elucidation of these PRDX4 functions under in vivo situations is expected to show the whole picture of how PRDX4 has evolved in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kurahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Irwin ME, Rivera-Del Valle N, Chandra J. Redox control of leukemia: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1349-83. [PMID: 22900756 PMCID: PMC3584825 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play both positive and negative roles in the proliferation and survival of a cell. This dual nature has been exploited by leukemia cells to promote growth, survival, and genomic instability-some of the hallmarks of the cancer phenotype. In addition to altered ROS levels, many antioxidants are dysregulated in leukemia cells. Together, the production of ROS and the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes make up the primary redox control of leukemia cells. By manipulating this system, leukemia cells gain proliferative and survival advantages, even in the face of therapeutic insults. Standard treatment options have improved leukemia patient survival rates in recent years, although relapse and the development of resistance are persistent challenges. Therapies targeting the redox environment show promise for these cases. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms that control the redox milieu of leukemia cells. In particular, ROS production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, and cytochrome P450 will be addressed. Expression and activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase, glutathione, thioredoxin, and peroxiredoxin are perturbed in leukemia cells, and the functional consequences of these molecular alterations will be described. Lastly, we delve into how these pathways can be potentially exploited therapeutically to improve treatment regimens and promote better outcomes for leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Irwin
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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10
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Cao W, Razanau A, Feng D, Lobo VG, Xie J. Control of alternative splicing by forskolin through hnRNP K during neuronal differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:8059-71. [PMID: 22684629 PMCID: PMC3439897 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of cell signal-regulated alternative splicing at the 3′ splice site remains largely unknown. We isolated a protein kinase A-responsive ribonucleic acid (RNA) element from a 3′ splice site of the synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (Snap25) gene for forskolin-inhibited splicing during neuronal differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. The element binds specifically to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleo protein (hnRNP) K in a phosphatase-sensitive way, which directly competes with the U2 auxiliary factor U2AF65, an essential component of early spliceosomes. Transcripts with similarly localized hnRNP K target motifs upstream of alternative exons are enriched in genes often associated with neurological diseases. We show that such motifs upstream of the Runx1 exon 6 also bind hnRNP K, and importantly, hnRNP K is required for forskolin-induced repression of the exon. Interestingly, this exon encodes the peptide domain that determines the switch of the transcriptional repressor/activator activity of Runx1, a change known to be critical in specifying neuron lineages. Consistent with an important role of the target genes in neurons, knocking down hnRNP K severely disrupts forskolin-induced neurite growth. Thus, through hnRNP K, the neuronal differentiation stimulus forskolin targets a critical 3′ splice site component of the splicing machinery to control alternative splicing of crucial genes. This also provides a regulated direct competitor of U2AF65 for cell signal control of 3′ splice site usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Cao
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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11
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Bianchi L, Bruzzese F, Leone A, Gagliardi A, Puglia M, Di Gennaro E, Rocco M, Gimigliano A, Pucci B, Armini A, Bini L, Budillon A. Proteomic analysis identifies differentially expressed proteins after HDAC vorinostat and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib treatments in Hep-2 cancer cells. Proteomics 2012; 11:3725-42. [PMID: 21761561 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several solid tumors are characterized by poor prognosis and few effective treatment options, other than palliative chemotherapy in the recurrent/metastatic setting. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been considered an important anticancer target because it is involved in the development and progression of several solid tumors; however, only a subset of patients show a clinically meaningful response to EGFR inhibition, particularly to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib. We have recently demonstrated synergistic antitumor effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat combined with gefitinib. To further characterize the interaction between these two agents, cellular extracts from Hep-2 cancer cells that were untreated or treated for 24 h with either vorinostat or gefitinib alone or with a vorinostat/gefitinib combination were analyzed using 2-D DIGE. Software analysis using DeCyder was performed, and numerous differentially expressed protein spots were visualized between the four examined settings. Using MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-Ion trap MS/MS, several differentially expressed proteins were identified; some of these were validated by Western blotting. Finally, a pathway analysis of experimental data performed using MetaCore highlighted a relevant relationship between the identified proteins and additional potential effectors. In conclusion, we performed a comprehensive analysis of proteins regulated by vorinostat and gefitinib, alone and in combination, providing a useful insight into their mechanisms of action as well as their synergistic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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De Braekeleer E, Douet-Guilbert N, Morel F, Le Bris MJ, Férec C, De Braekeleer M. RUNX1 translocations and fusion genes in malignant hemopathies. Future Oncol 2011; 7:77-91. [PMID: 21174539 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The RUNX1 gene, located in chromosome 21q22, is crucial for the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis and the generation of hematopoietic stem cells in the embryo. It contains a 'Runt homology domain' as well as transcription activation and inhibition domains. RUNX1 can act as activator or repressor of target gene expression depending upon the large number of transcription factors, coactivators and corepressors that interact with it. Translocations involving chromosomal band 21q22 are regularly identified in leukemia patients. Most of them are associated with a rearrangement of RUNX1. Indeed, at present, 55 partner chromosomal bands have been described but the partner gene has solely been identified in 21 translocations at the molecular level. All the translocations that retain Runt homology domains but remove the transcription activation domain have a leukemogenic effect by acting as dominant negative inhibitors of wild-type RUNX1 in transcription activation.
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Palande K, Roovers O, Gits J, Verwijmeren C, Iuchi Y, Fujii J, Neel BG, Karisch R, Tavernier J, Touw IP. Peroxiredoxin-controlled G-CSF signalling at the endoplasmic reticulum-early endosome interface. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3695-705. [PMID: 22045733 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.089656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate growth factor receptor signalling at least in part by inhibiting oxidation-sensitive phosphatases. An emerging concept is that ROS act locally to affect signal transduction in different subcellular compartments and that ROS levels are regulated by antioxidant proteins at the same local level. Here, we show that the ER-resident antioxidant peroxiredoxin 4 (Prdx4) interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR). This interaction occurs when the activated G-CSFR resides in early endosomes. Prdx4 inhibits G-CSF-induced signalling and proliferation in myeloid progenitors, depending on its redox-active cysteine core. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (Ptp1b) appears to be a major downstream effector controlling these responses. Conversely, Ptp1b might keep Prdx4 active by reducing its phosphorylation. These findings unveil a new signal transduction regulatory circuitry involving redox-controlled processes in the ER and activated cytokine receptors in endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Palande
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Leydold SM, Seewald M, Stratowa C, Kaserer K, Sommergruber W, Kraut N, Schweifer N. Peroxireduxin-4 is Over-Expressed in Colon Cancer and its Down-Regulation Leads to Apoptosis. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2011. [DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to gain insight into the biological basis of colon cancer progression by characterizing gene expression differences between normal colon epithelium, corresponding colorectal primary tumors and metastases. We found a close similarity in gene expression patterns between primary tumors and metastases, indicating a correlation between gene expression and morphological characteristics. PRDX4 was identified as highly expressed both in primary colon tumors and metastases, and selected for further characterization. Our study revealed that “Prdx4” (PrxIV, AOE372) shows functional similarities to other Prx family members by negatively affecting apoptosis induction in tumor cells. In addition, our study links Prdx4 with Hif-1α, a key regulatory factor of angiogenesis. Targeting Prdx4 may be an attractive approach in cancer therapy, as its inhibition is expected to lead to induction of apoptosis and blockage of Hif-1α-mediated tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Leydold
- Boehringer ingelheim RCV GmbH and Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Seewald
- Boehringer ingelheim RCV GmbH and Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Stratowa
- Boehringer ingelheim RCV GmbH and Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kaserer
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sommergruber
- Boehringer ingelheim RCV GmbH and Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Kraut
- Boehringer ingelheim RCV GmbH and Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Schweifer
- Boehringer ingelheim RCV GmbH and Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Palande KK, Beekman R, van der Meeren LE, Beverloo HB, Valk PJM, Touw IP. The antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin 4 is epigenetically down regulated in acute promyelocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16340. [PMID: 21283726 PMCID: PMC3024432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant peroxiredoxin (PRDX) protein family comprises 6 members, which are implicated in a variety of cellular responses, including growth factor signal transduction. PRDX4 resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it locally controls oxidative stress by reducing H2O2 levels. We recently provided evidence for a regulatory function of PRDX4 in signal transduction from a myeloid growth factor receptor, the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR). Upon activation, the ligand-induced G-CSFR undergoes endocytosis and routes via the early endosomes where it physically interacts with ER-resident PRDX4. PRDX4 negatively regulates G-CSFR mediated signaling. Here, we investigated whether PRDX4 is affected in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); genomic alterations and expression levels of PRDX4 were investigated. We show that genomic abnormalities involving PRDX4 are rare in AML. However, we find a strong reduction in PRDX4 expression levels in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) compared to normal promyelocytes and different molecular subtypes of AML. Subsequently, the possible role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in silencing of PRDX4 in APLs was investigated. We show that the reduced expression is not due to methylation of the CpG island in the promoter region of PRDX4 but correlates with increased trimethylation of histone 3 lysine residue 27 (H3K27me3) and lysine residue 4 (H3K4me3) at the transcriptional start site (TSS) of PRDX4, indicative of a bivalent histone code involved in transcriptional silencing. These findings suggest that the control of G-CSF responses by the antioxidant protein PRDX4 may be perturbed in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma K. Palande
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renee Beekman
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - H. Berna Beverloo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. M. Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo P. Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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16
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Harradine KA, Kassner M, Chow D, Aziz M, Von Hoff DD, Baker JB, Yin H, Pelham RJ. Functional genomics reveals diverse cellular processes that modulate tumor cell response to oxaliplatin. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 9:173-82. [PMID: 21169384 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is widely used to treat colorectal cancer, as both adjuvant therapy for resected disease and palliative treatment of metastatic disease. However, a significant number of patients experience serious side effects, including prolonged neurotoxicity, from oxaliplatin treatment creating an urgent need for biomarkers of oxaliplatin response or resistance to direct therapy to those most likely to benefit. As a first step to improve selection of patients for oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, we have conducted an in vitro cell-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen of 500 genes aimed at identifying genes whose loss of expression alters tumor cell response to oxaliplatin. The siRNA screen identified twenty-seven genes, which when silenced, significantly altered colon tumor cell line sensitivity to oxaliplatin. Silencing of a group of putative resistance genes increased the extent of oxaliplatin-mediated DNA damage and inhibited cell-cycle progression in oxaliplatin-treated cells. The activity of several signaling nodes, including AKT1 and MEK1, was also altered. We used cDNA transfection to overexpress two genes (LTBR and TMEM30A) that were identified in the siRNA screen as mediators of oxaliplatin sensitivity. In both instances, overexpression conferred resistance to oxaliplatin. In summary, this study identified numerous putative predictive biomarkers of response to oxaliplatin that should be studied further in patient specimens for potential clinical application. Diverse gene networks seem to influence tumor survival in response to DNA damage by oxaliplatin. Finally, those genes whose loss of expression (or function) is related to oxaliplatin sensitivity may be promising therapeutic targets to increase patient response to oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Harradine
- Genomic Health, Inc., 301 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
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17
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Dai HP, Xue YQ, Zhou JW, Li AP, Wu YF, Pan JL, Wang Y, Zhang J. LPXN, a member of the paxillin superfamily, is fused to RUNX1 in an acute myeloid leukemia patient with a t(11;21)(q12;q22) translocation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:1027-36. [PMID: 19760607 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 (previously AML1) is involved in multiple recurrent chromosomal rearrangements in hematological malignances. Recently, we identified a novel fusion between RUNX1 and LPXN from an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient with t(11;21)(q12;q22). This translocation generated four RUNX1/LPXN and one LPXN/RUNX1 chimeric transcripts. Two representative RUNX1/LPXN fusion proteins, RL and RLs, were both found to localize in the nucleus and could bring the CBFB protein into the nucleus like the wild-type RUNX1. Both fusion proteins inhibit the ability of RUNX1 to transactivate the CSF1R promoter, probably through competition for its target sequences. Unlike RL and RLs, the LPXN/RUNX1 fusion protein LR was found to localize in the cytoplasm. Thus, we believe it has little impact on the transcriptional activity of RUNX1. We also found that fusion proteins RL, RLs, LR, and wild-type LPXN could confer NIH3T3 cells with malignant transformation characteristics such as more rapid growth, the ability to form colonies in soft agar, and the ability to form solid tumors in the subcutaneous tissue of the BALB/c nude mice. Taken together, our data indicated that the RUNX1/LPXN and LPXN/RUNX1 fusion proteins may play important roles in leukemogenesis and that deregulation of cell adhesion pathways may be pathogenetically important in AML. Our study also suggests that LPXN may play an important role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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18
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Park JJ, Chang HW, Jeong EJ, Roh JL, Choi SH, Jeon SY, Ko GH, Kim SY. Peroxiredoxin IV protects cells from radiation-induced apoptosis in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 73:1196-202. [PMID: 19251091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are known as a family of thiol-specific antioxidant enzymes, among which Prx-I and -II play an important role in protecting cells from irradiation-induced cell death. It is not known whether Prx-IV also protects cells from ionizing radiation (IR). METHODS AND MATERIALS To evaluate the protective role of Prx-IV in IR, we transfected full-length Prx-IV cDNA into AMC-HN3 cells, which weakly express endogenous Prx-IV, and knocked down the expression of Prx-IV with siRNA methods using AMC-HN7 cells, which express high levels of endogenous Prx-IV. Radiosensitivity profiles in these cells were evaluated using clonogenic assay, FACS analysis, cell viability, and TUNEL assay. RESULTS Three Prx-IV expressing clones were isolated. Prx-IV regulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and made cells more resistant to IR-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the knockdown of Prx-IV with siRNA made cells more sensitive to IR-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION The results of these studies suggest that Prx-IV may play an important role in protecting cells from IR-induced apoptosis in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Je Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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19
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Peroxiredoxin 4 knockout results in elevated spermatogenic cell death via oxidative stress. Biochem J 2009; 419:149-58. [PMID: 19105792 DOI: 10.1042/bj20081526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prx (peroxiredoxin) is a multifunctional redox protein with thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity. Prx4 is present as a secretory protein in most tissues, whereas in sexually mature testes it is anchored in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane of spermatogenic cells via an uncleaved N-terminal hydrophobic peptide. We generated a Prx4 knockout mouse to investigate the function of Prx4 in vivo. Prx4(-/y) mice lacking Prx4 expression in all cells were obtained by mating Prx4(flox/+) female mice with Cre-transgenic male mice that ubiquitously expressed Cre recombinase. The resulting Prx4(-/y) male mice were fertile, and most organs were nearly normal in size, except for testicular atrophy. The number of deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling-positive spermatogenic cells was higher in Prx4(-/y) mice than in Prx4(+/y) mice and increased remarkably in response to warming the lower abdomen at 43 degrees C for 15 min. Cells reactive to antibodies against 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxyguanine were high in the Prx4(-/y) mice and concomitant with elevated oxidation of lipid and protein thiols. The cauda epididymis of Prx4(-/y) mice contained round spermatocytes, which were not found in Prx4(+/y) mice, and displayed oligozoospermia. However, mature spermatozoa from the epididymis of Prx4(-/y) mice exhibited normal fertilization In vitro. Taken together, these results indicate that spermatogenic cells lacking Prx4 are more susceptible to cell death via oxidative damage than their wild-type counterparts. Our results suggest that the presence of Prx4, most likely the membrane-bound form, is important for spermatogenesis, but not an absolute requisite.
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20
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Gerr HD, Nassin ML, Davis EM, Jayathilaka N, Neilly ME, Schlegelberger B, Zhang Y, Rowley JD. Cytogenetic and molecular study of the PRDX4 gene in a t(X;18)(p22;q23): a cautionary tale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 176:131-6. [PMID: 17656256 PMCID: PMC2083648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The PRDX4 gene located at Xp22 encodes for a member of the peroxiredoxin gene family. Genes within this family exhibit thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity and have been implicated in cellular functioning, including proliferation and differentiation. Recently, PRDX4 has been identified as a partner gene in a t(X;21) translocation in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. To determine whether PRDX4 was involved in other translocations, leukemia cells from 15 patients with Xp22 abnormalities were screened for involvement of the gene using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). One sample from a 41-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed three signals when hybridized with the PRDX4 probe. Cytogenetic analysis of the sample had identified a t(X;18)(p22;q23). Assuming that the three signals indicated a break within the PRDX4 gene, we performed FISH experiments and successfully narrowed the breakpoint on chromosome 18 to a 50-kb region. Subsequent analysis using spectral karyotyping showed that the leukemic cells had undergone multiple rearrangements and that a third X chromosome was present, albeit rearranged. Additional FISH experiments revealed that the third PRDX4 signal was the result of a third copy of the gene. Analysis of the other rearrangements has helped to characterize the multiple abnormalities within the leukemic cells. The findings underscore the importance of using multiple techniques when analyzing complex chromosomal rearrangements in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun D. Gerr
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover Germany
| | - Michele L. Nassin
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nimanthi Jayathilaka
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary E. Neilly
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brigitte Schlegelberger
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover Germany
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet D. Rowley
- Department of Medicine, Section Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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21
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Identification of the novel AML1 fusion partner gene, LAF4, a fusion partner of MLL, in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(2;21)(q11;q22) by bubble PCR method for cDNA. Oncogene 2007; 27:2249-56. [PMID: 17968322 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The AML1 gene is frequently rearranged by chromosomal translocations in acute leukemia. We identified that the LAF4 gene on 2q11.2-12 was fused to the AML1 gene on 21q22 in a pediatric patient having T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with t(2;21)(q11;q22) using the bubble PCR method for cDNA. The genomic break points were within intron 7 of AML1 and of LAF4, resulting in the in-frame fusion of exon 7 of AML1 and exon 8 of LAF4. The LAF4 gene is a member of the AF4/FMR2 family and was previously identified as a fusion partner of MLL in B-precursor ALL with t(2;11)(q11;q23), although AML1-LAF4 was in T-ALL. LAF4 is the first gene fused with both AML1 and MLL in acute leukemia. Almost all AML1 translocations except for TEL-AML1 are associated with myeloid leukemia; however, AML1-LAF4 was associated with T-ALL as well as AML1-FGA7 in t(4;21)(q28;q22). These findings provide new insight into the common mechanism of AML1 and MLL fusion proteins in the pathogenesis of ALL. Furthermore, we successfully applied bubble PCR to clone the novel AML1-LAF4 fusion transcript. Bubble PCR is a powerful tool for detecting unknown fusion transcripts as well as genomic fusion points.
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22
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Dai H, Xue Y, Pan J, Wu Y, Wang Y, Shen J, Zhang J. Two novel translocations disrupt the RUNX1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 177:120-4. [PMID: 17854666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Translocations involving 21q22 are commonly observed in both de novo and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). They often result in the disruption of RUNX1 and give rise to fusion genes consisting of RUNX1 and different partner genes, which contribute to leukemogenesis. To date, at least 21 such translocations are known from the literature. Here we report two novel translocations involving the RUNX1 gene: t(1;21)(q12;q22) in a 53-year-old woman with AML-M5b and t(11;21)(q13;q22) in a 65-year-old man with AML-M2. The abnormalities revealed by R-banding karyotypic analysis were confirmed with interphase and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosome painting, and M-FISH.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, 215006 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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23
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Imagama S, Abe A, Suzuki M, Hayakawa F, Katsumi A, Emi N, Kiyoi H, Naoe T. LRP16 is fused to RUNX1 in monocytic leukemia cell line with t(11;21)(q13;q22). Eur J Haematol 2007; 79:25-31. [PMID: 17532767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The RUNX1 (also known as AML1) gene is observed frequently as the target of chromosomal rearrangements in human acute leukemia. We describe here a previously unreported rearrangement, t(11;21)(q13;q22), that disrupts the RUNX1 gene in a patient with acute leukemia and the molecular analysis of the fusion gene. METHODS We have established a monocytic leukemia cell line, ELAM-1, from a patient with acute leukemia evolving from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Translocation (11;21) (q13;q22) was observed in both patient leukemia cells and ELAM-1. RESULTS The split signal of RUNX1 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and indicated the involvement of RUNX1 in ELAM-1. Using 3'- Rapid amplification of cDNA ends and reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction analysis, we detected both RUNX1 (exon 5)-LRP16 and RUNX1 (exon 6)-LRP16 transcripts, suggesting that the RUNX1 breakpoint lies in intron 6 and that alternative fusion splice variants are generated. Reciprocal LRP16-RUNX1 fusion was also detected. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel RUNX1 fusion partner, LRP16 on 11q13 involving t(11;21)(q13;q22). Although it was reported that overexpression of LRP16 promotes human breast cancer cell proliferation, the function of LRP16 in leukemia remains to be studied. This fusion gene and cell line may provide a new research tool to investigate the mechanism of leukemogenesis generated by the RUNX1 fusion gene.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- DNA Primers
- Female
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Imagama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Agerstam H, Lilljebjörn H, Lassen C, Swedin A, Richter J, Vandenberghe P, Johansson B, Fioretos T. Fusion gene-mediated truncation ofRUNX1 as a potential mechanism underlying disease progression in the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:635-43. [PMID: 17394134 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder molecularly characterized by fusion of various 5' partner genes to the 3' part of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene at 8p, resulting in constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase activity contained within FGFR1. EMS is associated with a high risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the mechanisms underlying the disease progression are unknown. In the present study, we have investigated a case of EMS harboring a t(8;22)(p11;q11)/BCR-FGFR1 rearrangement as well as a t(9;21)(q34;q22) at the time of AML transformation. FISH and RT-PCR analyses revealed that the t(9;21) leads to a fusion gene consisting of the 5' part of RUNX1 (exons 1-4) fused to repetitive sequences of a gene with unknown function on chromosome 9, adding 70 amino acids to RUNX1 exon 4. The t(9;21) hence results in a truncation of RUNX1. No point mutations were found in the other RUNX1 allele. The most likely functional outcome of the rearrangement was haploinsufficiency of RUNX1, which thus may be one mechanism by which EMS transforms to AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Agerstam
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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25
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Nguyen TT, Ma LN, Slovak ML, Bangs CD, Cherry AM, Arber DA. Identification of novel Runx1 (AML1) translocation partner genes SH3D19, YTHDf2, and ZNF687 in acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:918-32. [PMID: 16858696 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Three patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with reciprocal 21q22/RUNX1(AML1) translocations involving chromosomes 1 and 4 were studied. Three novel RUNX1 translocation partner genes on 1q21.2 (ZNF687), 1p35 (YTHDF2), and 4q31.3 (SH3D19) were identified using a panhandle polymerase chain reaction and the 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. The translocation events occurred between exons 3 and 7 of the RUNX1 gene. The partner gene breakpoints localized to the region in the partner gene with the highest Alu density, suggesting that Alus may contribute to the recombination events. Two out of three of the cases retained RUNX1's entire RUNT domain in the translocation, and RUNX1 mutations were absent in the fusion transcripts, confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis. SH3D19 encodes a cytoplasmic protein EBP known to suppress RAS-induced cellular transformation, which can be inhibited by nuclear recruitment. The t(4;21) created a hybrid RUNX1-EBP protein retaining RUNX1's DNA binding domain, which may result in nuclear localization of the chimeric protein and inhibition of EBP's RAS-suppressive functions. Future studies would be useful to further characterize these novel fusion protein products.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Male
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
- Zinc Fingers/genetics
- src Homology Domains/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- TuDung T Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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26
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Mikhail FM, Sinha KK, Saunthararajah Y, Nucifora G. Normal and transforming functions of RUNX1: a perspective. J Cell Physiol 2006; 207:582-93. [PMID: 16250015 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Converging studies from many investigators indicate that RUNX1 has a critical role in the correct maintenance of essential cellular functions during embryonic development and after birth. The discovery that this gene is also frequently mutated in human leukemia has increased the interest in the role that RUNX1 plays in both normal and transforming pathways. Here, we provide an overview of the many roles of RUNX1 in hematopoietic self-renewal and differentiation and summarize the information that is currently available on the many mechanisms of RUNX1 deregulation in human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady M Mikhail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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27
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Kropotov A, Serikov V, Suh J, Smirnova A, Bashkirov V, Zhivotovsky B, Tomilin N. Constitutive expression of the human peroxiredoxin V gene contributes to protection of the genome from oxidative DNA lesions and to suppression of transcription of noncoding DNA. FEBS J 2006; 273:2607-17. [PMID: 16817890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins belong to a family of antioxidant proteins that neutralize reactive oxygen species. One member of this family, peroxiredoxin I (PRDX1), suppresses DNA oxidation. Peroxiredoxin V (PRDX5) has been cloned as a transcriptional corepressor, as a peroxisomal/mitochondrial antioxidant protein, and as an inhibitor of p53-dependent apoptosis. Promoters of mammalian PRDX5 genes contain clusters of antioxidant response elements, which can bind the transcription factor NRF2. However, we found that expression of the human PRDX5 gene in situ was not stimulated by the oxidative agent menadione. Silencing of the NRF2 gene in the absence of oxidative stress by specific siRNA did not decrease PRDX5 protein concentration. We also constructed clones of human lung epithelial cells A549 with siRNA-mediated knockdown of the PRDX5 gene. This led to a significant increase in 8-oxoguanine formation in cell DNA. In the PRDX5 knockdown clone, an increase in transcripts containing sequences of alpha-satellite and satellite III DNAs was also detected, suggesting that this protein may be required for silencing of heterochromatin. Together, these results suggest that constitutively expressed PRDX5 gene plays an important role in protecting the genome against oxidation and may also be involved in the control of transcription of noncoding DNA.
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28
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Paulsson K, Békássy AN, Olofsson T, Mitelman F, Johansson B, Panagopoulos I. A novel and cytogenetically cryptic t(7;21)(p22;q22) in acute myeloid leukemia results in fusion of RUNX1 with the ubiquitin-specific protease gene USP42. Leukemia 2006; 20:224-9. [PMID: 16357831 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although many of the chromosomal abnormalities in hematologic malignancies are identifiable cytogenetically, some are only detectable using molecular methods. We describe a novel cryptic t(7;21)(p22;q22) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FISH, 3'RACE, and RT-PCR revealed a fusion involving RUNX1 and the ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) gene USP42. The genomic breakpoint was in intron 7 of RUNX1 and intron 1 of USP42. The reciprocal chimera was not detected - neither on the transcriptional nor on the genomic level - and FISH showed that the 5' part of USP42 was deleted. USP42 maps to a 7p22 region characterized by segmental duplications. Notably, 17 kb duplicons are present 1 Mb proximal to USP42 and 3 Mb proximal to RUNX1; these may be important in the genesis of t(7;21). This is the second cryptic RUNX1 translocation in hematologic malignancies and the first in AML. The USPs have not previously been reported to be rearranged in leukemias. The cellular context in which USP42 is active is unknown, but we here show that it is expressed in normal bone marrow, in primary AMLs, and in cancer cell lines. Its involvement in the t(7;21) suggests that deregulation of ubiquitin-associated pathways may be pathogenetically important in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Cytogenetic Analysis/methods
- Endopeptidases/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Male
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Thiolester Hydrolases
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
- Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paulsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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29
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Sakai I, Tamura T, Narumi H, Uchida N, Yakushijin Y, Hato T, Fujita S, Yasukawa M. Novel RUNX1-PRDM16 fusion transcripts in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia showing t(1;21)(p36;q22). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 44:265-70. [PMID: 16015645 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(1;21)(p36;q22) is a recurrent chromosome abnormality associated with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although involvement of RUNX1 has been detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, the partner gene has not been reported previously. We identified a novel RUNX1 partner gene, MDS1/EVI1-like-gene 1 (PRDM16), in an AML patient with t(1;21). Alternative splicing of the fusion gene generates five different fusion transcripts. In two of them, the PRDM16 reading frame is maintained in the fusion with RUNX1, suggesting that the RUNX1-PRDM16 gene fusion results in the production of a protein that is highly homologous to the RUNX1-MDS1/EVI1 chimeric protein. It is suggested that PRDM16 and MDS1/EVI1 share a common molecular mechanism for the leukemogenesis of RUNX1-associated leukemia. Characterization of the RUNX1-PRDM16 fusion protein and comparison with the RUNX1-MDS1/EVI1 protein will facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms underlying RUNX1-associated leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Alternative Splicing
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectral Karyotyping
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Sakai
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Reilly JT. Pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia and inv(16)(p13;q22): a paradigm for understanding leukaemogenesis? Br J Haematol 2005; 128:18-34. [PMID: 15606546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has been proposed to arise from the collaboration between two classes of mutation, a class I, or proliferative, mutation and a class II, or blocking, mutation. A limitation of this so-called 'two-hit' hypothesis has been the lack of identifiable proliferative and blocking mutations in most AML cases. However, it is now known that the CBFbeta-MYH11 fusion gene in AML and inv(16), by disrupting the normal transcription factor activity of core binding factor (CBF), functions as a class II mutation. In addition, nearly 70% of patients with AML and inv(16) are known to possess mutually exclusive mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), c-KIT and FLT3, as well as RAS genes, that provide a class I, or proliferative, signal. AML and inv(16), therefore, is one of the best understood of the acute leukaemias at the genetic level and so provides a paradigm for the 'two-hit' hypothesis of leukaemogenesis. This paper reviews the recent advances in the molecular pathology of AML and inv(16) and discusses possible therapeutic implications of the current pathogenetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Reilly
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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