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Zhao Q, Jiang C, Zhao L, Dai X, Yi S. Unleashing Axonal Regeneration Capacities: Neuronal and Non-neuronal Changes After Injuries to Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Central and Peripheral Axonal Branches. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:423-433. [PMID: 37620687 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves obtain remarkable regenerative capacity while central nerves can hardly regenerate following nerve injury. Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are widely used to decipher the dissimilarity between central and peripheral axonal regeneration as axons of DRG neurons bifurcate into the regeneration-incompetent central projections and the regeneration-competent peripheral projections. A conditioning peripheral branch injury facilitates central axonal regeneration and enables the growth and elongation of central axons. Peripheral axonal injury stimulates neuronal calcium influx, alters the start-point chromatin states, increases chromatin accessibility, upregulates the expressions of regeneration-promoting genes and the synthesis of proteins, and supports axonal regeneration. Following central axonal injury, the responses of DRG neurons are modest, resulting in poor intrinsic growth ability. Some non-neuronal cells in DRGs, for instance satellite glial cells, also exhibit diminished injury responses to central axon injury as compared with peripheral axon injury. Moreover, DRG central and peripheral axonal branches are respectively surrounded by inhibitory glial scars generated by central glial cells and a permissive microenvironment generated by Schwann cells and macrophages. The aim of this review is to look at changes of DRG neurons and non-neuronal cells after peripheral and central axon injuries and summarize the contributing roles of both neuronal intrinsic regenerative capacities and surrounding microenvironments in axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Fontenas L. Glial plasticity at nervous system transition zones. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060037. [PMID: 37787575 PMCID: PMC10562931 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively) are two separate yet connected domains characterized by molecularly distinct cellular components that communicate via specialized structures called transition zones to allow information to travel from the CNS to the periphery, and vice versa. Until recently, nervous system transition zones were thought to be selectively permeable only to axons, and the establishment of the territories occupied by glial cells at these complex regions remained poorly described and not well understood. Recent work now demonstrates that transition zones are occupied by dynamic glial cells and are precisely regulated over the course of nervous system development. This review highlights recent work on glial cell migration in and out of the spinal cord, at motor exit point (MEP) and dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) transition zones, in the physiological and diseased nervous systems. These cells include myelinating glia (oligodendrocyte lineage cells, Schwann cells and motor exit point glia), exit glia, perineurial cells that form the perineurium along spinal nerves, as well as professional and non-professional phagocytes (microglia and neural crest cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fontenas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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3
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Achenbach P, Hillerbrand L, Gerardo-Nava JL, Dievernich A, Hodde D, Sechi AS, Dalton PD, Pich A, Weis J, Altinova H, Brook GA. Function Follows Form: Oriented Substrate Nanotopography Overrides Neurite-Repulsive Schwann Cell-Astrocyte Barrier Formation in an In Vitro Model of Glial Scarring. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:6337-6346. [PMID: 37459449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC) transplantation represents a promising therapeutic approach for traumatic spinal cord injury but is frustrated by barrier formation, preventing cell migration, and axonal regeneration at the interface between grafted SCs and reactive resident astrocytes (ACs). Although regenerating axons successfully extend into SC grafts, only a few cross the SC-AC interface to re-enter lesioned neuropil. To date, research has focused on identifying and modifying the molecular mechanisms underlying such scarring cell-cell interactions, while the influence of substrate topography remains largely unexplored. Using a recently modified cell confrontation assay to model SC-AC barrier formation in vitro, highly oriented poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers were observed to reduce AC reactivity, induce extensive oriented intermingling between SCs and ACs, and ultimately enable substantial neurite outgrowth from the SC compartment into the AC territory. It is anticipated that these findings will have important implications for the future design of biomaterial-based scaffolds for nervous tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Achenbach
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Hillerbrand
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - José L Gerardo-Nava
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel Dievernich
- FEG Textiltechnik Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH, 52070 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Hodde
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio S Sechi
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul D Dalton
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Haktan Altinova
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gary A Brook
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Yao C, Qiu Z, Li X, Zhu H, Li D, He J. Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Microfibrous Architectures with Cell-Scale Spacing for Improved Cellular Migration and Neurite Outgrowth. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207331. [PMID: 36775926 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing provides unparalleled opportunities in fabricating microfibrous architectures to direct cellular orientation. However, it faces great challenges in depositing orderly microfibers with cell-scale spacing due to inherent fiber-fiber electrostatic interactions. Here a finite element method is established to analyze the electrostatic forces induced on the EHD-printed microfibers and the relationship between the fiber diameter and spacing for parallel deposition of EHD-printed microfibers is revealed theoretically and experimentally. It is found that uniform fiber arrangement can be achieved when the fiber spacing is five times larger than the fiber diameter. This finding enables the successful printing of parallel fibrous architectures with a fiber diameter of 4.9 ± 0.1 µm and a cell-scale fiber spacing of 25.6 ± 1.9 µm. The resultant microfibrous architectures exhibit unique capability to direct cellular alignment and enhance cellular density and migration as the fiber spacing decreases from 100 to 25 µm. The EHD-printed parallel microfibers with cell-scale spacing are found to improve the outgrowth length of neurites and accelerate the migration of Schwann cells from Dorsal Root Ganglion spheres, which facilitate the formation of densely-arranged and highly-aligned cellular constructs. The presented method is promising to produce biomimetic microfibrous architectures for functional nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Zhennan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
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Ghorbani M, Mohamadynejad P, Moghanibashi M. Significant Association of rs77493513 Polymorphism in 3'-UTR of the NRG1 Gene with the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1025-1030. [PMID: 35106689 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a signaling protein that plays an important role in a variety of biological processes, including potentiate oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the CNS, immune response regulation, and inflammation. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs77493513 is located in the untranslated region of the 3' mRNA (3'-UTR) of the NRG1 gene, which is predicted to be the binding site of several microRNAs and may play an important role in post-transcriptional regulation. Study aimed to investigate the association of SNP rs77493513 in the NRG1 gene with the risk of MS disease. In this study, genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples of 182 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 198 controls. Different genotypes of rs77493513 polymorphism were determined using RFLP-PCR technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software and by t, χ2 and logistic regression tests. Our data showed that genotypes AC (OR=3.63, CI= 1.93-6.81, p<0.001) and CC (OR=7.90, CI= 4.13-15.11, p<0.001) significantly increased the risk of MS disease and C allele is risk allele. Also, AC (OR=0.16, CI= 0.04-0.63, p= 0.009) and CC (OR=0.14, CI= 0.03-0.53, p=0.04) genotypes significantly decrease the age of onset of the disease. The results show that allele C of rs77493513 polymorphism in the NRG1 gene can be a risk factor for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Ghorbani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadynejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Moghanibashi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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Hülskötter K, Jin W, Allnoch L, Hansmann F, Schmidtke D, Rohn K, Flügel A, Lühder F, Baumgärtner W, Herder V. Double-edged effects of tamoxifen-in-oil-gavage on an infectious murine model for multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12994. [PMID: 34137105 PMCID: PMC8549030 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen gavage is a commonly used method to induce genetic modifications in cre-loxP systems. As a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), the compound is known to have immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties in non-infectious central nervous system (CNS) disorders. It can even cause complete prevention of lesion development as seen in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). The effect on infectious brain disorders is scarcely investigated. In this study, susceptible SJL mice were infected intracerebrally with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) and treated three times with a tamoxifen-in-oil-gavage (TOG), resembling an application scheme for genetically modified mice, starting at 0, 18, or 38 days post infection (dpi). All mice developed 'TMEV-induced demyelinating disease' (TMEV-IDD) resulting in inflammation, axonal loss, and demyelination of the spinal cord. TOG had a positive effect on the numbers of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, irrespective of the time point of application, whereas late application (starting 38 dpi) was associated with increased demyelination of the spinal cord white matter 85 dpi. Furthermore, TOG had differential effects on the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the CNS, especially a long lasting increase of CD8+ cells was detected in the inflamed spinal cord, depending of the time point of TOG application. Number of TMEV-positive cells, astrogliosis, astrocyte phenotype, apoptosis, clinical score, and motor function were not measurably affected. These data indicate that tamoxifen gavage has a double-edged effect on TMEV-IDD with the promotion of oligodendrocyte differentiation and proliferation, but also increased demyelination, depending on the time point of application. The data of this study suggest that tamoxifen has also partially protective functions in infectious CNS disease. These effects should be considered in experimental studies using the cre-loxP system, especially in models investigating neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Hülskötter
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Wen Jin
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Lisa Allnoch
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
- Institute of Veterinary PathologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Daniel Schmidtke
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
- Institute of ZoologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute of Biometry, Epidemiology, and Information ProcessingUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis ResearchUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis ResearchUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
- Center for Systems NeuroscienceHannoverGermany
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7
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Jayakumar N, Suliman A, Joshi A, Holliman D. Intracerebral schwannoma of the angular gyrus: case report. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:e314-e316. [PMID: 34448654 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an intracerebral schwannoma originating in the angular gyrus of a 20-year-old female that was incidentally diagnosed after she presented with a post-traumatic seizure. After comprehensive investigations, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, she underwent a computed tomography-guided stereotactic resection of the lesion. Pathological examination confirmed features of a schwannoma. After six years of follow-up, she remains well, without any evidence of recurrence. Intracerebral schwannomas are extremely uncommon: fewer than 90 cases have been reported. We present a comprehensive summary of the literature and a discussion of novel theories on the pathogenesis of intracerebral schwannomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jayakumar
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Suliman
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Joshi
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - D Holliman
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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8
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Khodabakhsh P, Pournajaf S, Mohaghegh Shalmani L, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. Insulin Promotes Schwann-Like Cell Differentiation of Rat Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5327-5337. [PMID: 34297315 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are considered potentially attractive candidates for transplantation therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. However, problems arising from the isolation and expansion of the SCs restrict their clinical applications. Establishing an alternative Schwann-like cell type is a prerequisite. Epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSCs) are well studied for their autologous accessibility, along with the ability to produce major neural crest derivatives and neurotrophic factors. In the current study, we explored insulin influence, a well-known growth factor, on directing EPI-NCSCs into the Schwann cell (SC) lineage. EPI-NCSCs were isolated from rat hair bulge explants. The viability of cells treated with a range of insulin concentrations (0.05-100 μg/ml) was defined by MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h. The gene expression profiles of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, FGF-2, and IL-6), key regulators involved in the development of SC (EGR-1, SOX-10, c-JUN, GFAP, OCT-6, EGR-2, and MBP), and oligodendrocyte (PDGFR-α and NG-2) were quantified 1 and 9 days post-treatment with 0.05 and 5 μg/ml insulin. Furthermore, the protein expression of nestin (stemness marker), SOX-10, PDGFR-α, and MBP was analyzed following the long-term insulin treatment. Insulin downregulated the early-stage SC differentiation marker (EGR-1) and increased neurotrophins (BDNF and IL-6) and pro-myelinating genes, including OCT-6, SOX-10, EGR-2, and MBP, as well as oligodendrocyte differentiation markers, upon exposure for 9 days. Insulin can promote EPI-NCSC differentiation toward SC lineage and possibly oligodendrocytes. Thus, employing insulin might enhance the EPI-NCSCs efficiency in cell transplantation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safura Pournajaf
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Mohaghegh Shalmani
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Castelnovo LF, Thomas P, Magnaghi V. Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs/PAQRs) in Schwann cells represent a promising target for the promotion of neuroregeneration. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:281-282. [PMID: 32859775 PMCID: PMC7896211 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca F Castelnovo
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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10
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Serrano-Regal MP, Bayón-Cordero L, Ordaz RP, Garay E, Limon A, Arellano RO, Matute C, Sánchez-Gómez MV. Expression and Function of GABA Receptors in Myelinating Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:256. [PMID: 32973453 PMCID: PMC7472887 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin facilitates the fast transmission of nerve impulses and provides metabolic support to axons. Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and Schwann cell (SC) precursors is critical for myelination during development and myelin repair in demyelinating disorders. Myelination is tightly controlled by neuron-glia communication and requires the participation of a wide repertoire of signals, including neurotransmitters such as glutamate, ATP, adenosine, or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) and it is also present in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The composition and function of GABA receptors (GABARs) are well studied in neurons, while their nature and role in glial cells are still incipient. Recent studies demonstrate that GABA-mediated signaling mechanisms play relevant roles in OPC and SC precursor development and function, and stand out the implication of GABARs in oligodendrocyte (OL) and SC maturation and myelination. In this review, we highlight the evidence supporting the novel role of GABA with an emphasis on the molecular identity of the receptors expressed in these glial cells and the possible signaling pathways involved in their actions. GABAergic signaling in myelinating cells may have potential implications for developing novel reparative therapies in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Paz Serrano-Regal
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Laura Bayón-Cordero
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - Rainald Pablo Ordaz
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Edith Garay
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Rogelio O. Arellano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Carlos Matute
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
| | - María Victoria Sánchez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Leioa, Spain
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11
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Schwann Cell Cultures: Biology, Technology and Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081848. [PMID: 32781699 PMCID: PMC7465416 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC) cultures from experimental animals and human donors can be prepared using nearly any type of nerve at any stage of maturation to render stage- and patient-specific populations. Methods to isolate, purify, expand in number, and differentiate SCs from adult, postnatal and embryonic sources are efficient and reproducible as these have resulted from accumulated refinements introduced over many decades of work. Albeit some exceptions, SCs can be passaged extensively while maintaining their normal proliferation and differentiation controls. Due to their lineage commitment and strong resistance to tumorigenic transformation, SCs are safe for use in therapeutic approaches in the peripheral and central nervous systems. This review summarizes the evolution of work that led to the robust technologies used today in SC culturing along with the main features of the primary and expanded SCs that make them irreplaceable models to understand SC biology in health and disease. Traditional and emerging approaches in SC culture are discussed in light of their prospective applications. Lastly, some basic assumptions in vitro SC models are identified in an attempt to uncover the combined value of old and new trends in culture protocols and the cellular products that are derived.
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