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Räsänen N, Tiihonen J, Koskuvi M, Lehtonen Š, Jalkanen N, Karmila N, Weert I, Vaurio O, Ojansuu I, Lähteenvuo M, Pietiläinen O, Koistinaho J. Astrocytes Regulate Neuronal Network Burst Frequency Through NMDA Receptors in a Species- and Donor-Specific Manner. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100313. [PMID: 38706704 PMCID: PMC11067005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Development of synaptic activity is a key neuronal characteristic that relies largely on interactions between neurons and astrocytes. Although astrocytes have known roles in regulating synaptic function and malfunction, the use of human- or donor-specific astrocytes in disease models is still rare. Rodent astrocytes are routinely used to enhance neuronal activity in cell cultures, but less is known about how human astrocytes influence neuronal activity. Methods We established human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuron-astrocyte cocultures and studied their functional development on microelectrode array. We used cell lines from 5 neurotypical control individuals and 3 pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia. A method combining NGN2 overexpression and dual SMAD inhibition was used for neuronal differentiation. The neurons were cocultured with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes differentiated from 6-month-old astrospheres or rat astrocytes. Results We found that the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cocultures developed complex network bursting activity similar to neuronal cocultures with rat astrocytes. However, the effect of NMDA receptors on neuronal network burst frequency (NBF) differed between cocultures containing human or rat astrocytes. By using cocultures derived from patients with schizophrenia and unaffected individuals, we found lowered NBF in the affected cells. We continued by demonstrating how astrocytes from an unaffected individual rescued the lowered NBF in the affected neurons by increasing NMDA receptor activity. Conclusions Our results indicate that astrocytes participate in the regulation of neuronal NBF through a mechanism that involves NMDA receptors. These findings shed light on the importance of using human and donor-specific astrocytes in disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Räsänen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja Koskuvi
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nelli Jalkanen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nelli Karmila
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabelle Weert
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vaurio
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilkka Ojansuu
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jari Koistinaho
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, FI, Helsinki, Finland
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Sawada T, Barbosa AR, Araujo B, McCord AE, D'Ignazio L, Benjamin KJM, Sheehan B, Zabolocki M, Feltrin A, Arora R, Brandtjen AC, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Bardy C, Weinberger DR, Paquola ACM, Erwin JA. Recapitulation of Perturbed Striatal Gene Expression Dynamics of Donors' Brains With Ventral Forebrain Organoids Derived From the Same Individuals With Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:493-511. [PMID: 37915216 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that originates during neurodevelopment and has complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Despite decades of clinical evidence of altered striatal function in affected patients, studies examining its cellular and molecular mechanisms in humans are limited. To explore neurodevelopmental alterations in the striatum associated with schizophrenia, the authors established a method for the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into ventral forebrain organoids (VFOs). METHODS VFOs were generated from postmortem dural fibroblast-derived iPSCs of four individuals with schizophrenia and four neurotypical control individuals for whom postmortem caudate genotypes and transcriptomic data were profiled in the BrainSeq neurogenomics consortium. Individuals were selected such that the two groups had nonoverlapping schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs). RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of VFOs revealed differences in developmental trajectory between schizophrenia and control individuals in which inhibitory neuronal cells from the patients exhibited accelerated maturation. Furthermore, upregulated genes in inhibitory neurons in schizophrenia VFOs showed a significant overlap with upregulated genes in postmortem caudate tissue of individuals with schizophrenia compared with control individuals, including the donors of the iPSC cohort. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that striatal neurons derived from high-PRS individuals with schizophrenia carry abnormalities that originated during early brain development and that the VFO model can recapitulate disease-relevant cell type-specific neurodevelopmental phenotypes in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Sawada
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - André R Barbosa
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Bruno Araujo
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Alejandra E McCord
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Laura D'Ignazio
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Kynon J M Benjamin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Bonna Sheehan
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Michael Zabolocki
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Arthur Feltrin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Ria Arora
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Anna C Brandtjen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Cedric Bardy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Apuã C M Paquola
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
| | - Jennifer A Erwin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore (Sawada, Barbosa, Araujo, McCord, D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Sheehan, Feltrin, Arora, Brandtjen, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin); Department of Neurology (D'Ignazio, Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger, Paquola, Erwin), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Benjamin, Kleinman, Hyde, Weinberger), and Department of Neuroscience (Weinberger, Erwin), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy); Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide (Zabolocki, Bardy)
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Vieira R, Mariani JN, Huynh NPT, Stephensen HJT, Solly R, Tate A, Schanz S, Cotrupi N, Mousaei M, Sporring J, Benraiss A, Goldman SA. Young glial progenitor cells competitively replace aged and diseased human glia in the adult chimeric mouse brain. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:719-730. [PMID: 37460676 PMCID: PMC11098747 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Competition among adult brain cells has not been extensively researched. To investigate whether healthy glia can outcompete diseased human glia in the adult forebrain, we engrafted wild-type (WT) human glial progenitor cells (hGPCs) produced from human embryonic stem cells into the striata of adult mice that had been neonatally chimerized with mutant Huntingtin (mHTT)-expressing hGPCs. The WT hGPCs outcompeted and ultimately eliminated their human Huntington's disease (HD) counterparts, repopulating the host striata with healthy glia. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that WT hGPCs acquired a YAP1/MYC/E2F-defined dominant competitor phenotype upon interaction with the host HD glia. WT hGPCs also outcompeted older resident isogenic WT cells that had been transplanted neonatally, suggesting that competitive success depended primarily on the relative ages of competing populations, rather than on the presence of mHTT. These data indicate that aged and diseased human glia may be broadly replaced in adult brain by younger healthy hGPCs, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for the replacement of aged and diseased human glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Vieira
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John N Mariani
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nguyen P T Huynh
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sana Biotechnology, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hans J T Stephensen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renee Solly
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Sana Biotechnology, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashley Tate
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Sana Biotechnology, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven Schanz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Natasha Cotrupi
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marzieh Mousaei
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Sporring
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abdellatif Benraiss
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Sana Biotechnology, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Koskuvi M, Pörsti E, Hewitt T, Räsänen N, Wu YC, Trontti K, McQuade A, Kalyanaraman S, Ojansuu I, Vaurio O, Cannon TD, Lönnqvist J, Therman S, Suvisaari J, Kaprio J, Blurton-Jones M, Hovatta I, Lähteenvuo M, Rolova T, Lehtonen Š, Tiihonen J, Koistinaho J. Genetic contribution to microglial activation in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02529-1. [PMID: 38519640 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate the involvement of neuroinflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Microglia are brain resident immune cells responding toward invading pathogens and injury-related products, and additionally, have a critical role in improving neurogenesis and synaptic functions. Aberrant activation of microglia in SCZ is one of the leading hypotheses for disease pathogenesis, but due to the lack of proper human cell models, the role of microglia in SCZ is not well studied. We used monozygotic twins discordant for SCZ and healthy individuals to generate human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia to assess the transcriptional and functional differences in microglia between healthy controls, affected twins and unaffected twins. The microglia from affected twins had increased expression of several common inflammation-related genes compared to healthy individuals. Microglia from affected twins had also reduced response to interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) treatment, but no significant differences in migration or phagocytotic activity. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed abnormalities related to extracellular matrix signaling. RNA sequencing predicted downregulation of extracellular matrix structure constituent Gene Ontology (GO) terms and hepatic fibrosis pathway activation that were shared by microglia of both affected and unaffected twins, but the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II receptors was observed only in affected twin microglia. Also, the microglia of affected twins had heterogeneous response to clozapine, minocycline, and sulforaphane treatments. Overall, despite the increased expression of inflammatory genes, we observed no clear functional signs of hyperactivation in microglia from patients with SCZ. We conclude that microglia of the patients with SCZ have gene expression aberrations related to inflammation response and extracellular matrix without contributing to increased microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Koskuvi
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Pörsti
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tristen Hewitt
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Räsänen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ying-Chieh Wu
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalevi Trontti
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Ilkka Ojansuu
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Vaurio
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Mental Health Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sebastian Therman
- Mental Health Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taisia Rolova
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Li Y, Zeng PM, Wu J, Luo ZG. Advances and Applications of Brain Organoids. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1703-1716. [PMID: 37222855 PMCID: PMC10603019 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental processes of human brain development and diseases is of great importance for our health. However, existing research models such as non-human primate and mouse models remain limited due to their developmental discrepancies compared with humans. Over the past years, an emerging model, the "brain organoid" integrated from human pluripotent stem cells, has been developed to mimic developmental processes of the human brain and disease-associated phenotypes to some extent, making it possible to better understand the complex structures and functions of the human brain. In this review, we summarize recent advances in brain organoid technologies and their applications in brain development and diseases, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, psychiatric diseases, and brain tumors. Finally, we also discuss current limitations and the potential of brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Peng-Ming Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhen-Ge Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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6
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Shi JM, Liu H, Cai L, Guo YB, Ma H, Li YS, Li SD, Zhang ZY, Ma YD, Guo CH. Identification and functional comparison of primary astrocytes and microglia. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 383:109731. [PMID: 36283489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ming Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China.
| | - Hang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Long Cai
- Maternity and Children's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, China
| | - Yi-Bo Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Yan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Sha-Di Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Yan-Dong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
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7
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Jäntti H, Oksanen M, Kettunen P, Manta S, Mouledous L, Koivisto H, Ruuth J, Trontti K, Dhungana H, Keuters M, Weert I, Koskuvi M, Hovatta I, Linden AM, Rampon C, Malm T, Tanila H, Koistinaho J, Rolova T. Human PSEN1 Mutant Glia Improve Spatial Learning and Memory in Aged Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244116. [PMID: 36552881 PMCID: PMC9776487 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PSEN1 ΔE9 mutation causes a familial form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by shifting the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) towards the generation of highly amyloidogenic Aβ42 peptide. We have previously shown that the PSEN1 ΔE9 mutation in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes increases Aβ42 production and impairs cellular responses. Here, we injected PSEN1 ΔE9 mutant astrosphere-derived glial progenitors into newborn mice and investigated mouse behavior at the ages of 8, 12, and 16 months. While we did not find significant behavioral changes in younger mice, spatial learning and memory were paradoxically improved in 16-month-old PSEN1 ΔE9 glia-transplanted male mice as compared to age-matched isogenic control-transplanted animals. Memory improvement was associated with lower levels of soluble, but not insoluble, human Aβ42 in the mouse brain. We also found a decreased engraftment of PSEN1 ΔE9 mutant cells in the cingulate cortex and significant transcriptional changes in both human and mouse genes in the hippocampus, including the extracellular matrix-related genes. Overall, the presence of PSEN1 ΔE9 mutant glia exerted a more beneficial effect on aged mouse brain than the isogenic control human cells likely as a combination of several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Jäntti
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Minna Oksanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pinja Kettunen
- Neuroscience Center, HILIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stella Manta
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CEDEX 09, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mouledous
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CEDEX 09, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Hennariikka Koivisto
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Ruuth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kalevi Trontti
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- Neuroscience Center, HILIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meike Keuters
- Neuroscience Center, HILIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabelle Weert
- Neuroscience Center, HILIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Koskuvi
- Neuroscience Center, HILIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni-Maija Linden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CEDEX 09, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Neuroscience Center, HILIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (T.R.)
| | - Taisia Rolova
- Neuroscience Center, HILIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (T.R.)
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8
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Välimäki NN, Bakreen A, Häkli S, Dhungana H, Keuters MH, Dunlop Y, Koskuvi M, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Oksanen M, Jäntti H, Lehtonen Š, Malm T, Koistinaho J, Jolkkonen J. Astrocyte Progenitors Derived From Patients With Alzheimer Disease Do Not Impair Stroke Recovery in Mice. Stroke 2022; 53:3192-3201. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.039700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Species-specific differences in astrocytes and their Alzheimer disease-associated pathology may influence cellular responses to other insults. Herein, human glial chimeric mice were generated to evaluate how Alzheimer disease predisposing genetic background in human astrocytes contributes to behavioral outcome and brain pathology after cortical photothrombotic ischemia.
METHODS:
Neonatal (P0) immunodeficient mice of both sexes were transplanted with induced pluripotent stem cell–derived astrocyte progenitors from Alzheimer disease patients carrying
PSEN1
exon 9 deletion (
P
SEN1
Δ
E
9), with isogenic controls, with cells from a healthy donor, or with mouse astrocytes or vehicle. After 14 months, a photothrombotic lesion was produced with Rose Bengal in the motor cortex. Behavior was assessed before ischemia and 1 and 4 weeks after the induction of stroke, followed by tissue perfusion for histology.
RESULTS:
Open field, cylinder, and grid-walking tests showed a persistent locomotor and sensorimotor impairment after ischemia and female mice had larger infarct sizes; yet, these were not affected by astrocytes with
P
SEN1
Δ
E
9 background. Staining for human nuclear antigen confirmed that human cells successfully engrafted throughout the mouse brain. However, only a small number of human cells were positive for astrocytic marker GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), mostly located in the corpus callosum and retaining complex human-specific morphology with longer processes compared with host counterparts. While host astrocytes formed the glial scar, human astrocytes were scattered in small numbers close to the lesion boundary. Aβ (beta-amyloid) deposits were not present in
P
SEN1
ΔE
9 astrocyte-transplanted mice.
CONCLUSIONS:
Transplanted human cells survived and distributed widely in the host brain but had no impact on severity of ischemic damage after cortical photothrombosis in chimeric mice. Only a small number of transplanted human astrocytes acquired GFAP-positive glial phenotype or migrated toward the ischemic lesion forming glial scar.
P
SEN1
ΔE
9 astrocytes did not impair behavioral recovery after experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli-Noora Välimäki
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
| | - Abdulhameed Bakreen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
| | - Sara Häkli
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
| | - Hiramani Dhungana
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland (H.D., M.H.K., M.K., Š.L., J.K.)
| | - Meike H. Keuters
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland (H.D., M.H.K., M.K., Š.L., J.K.)
| | - Yannick Dunlop
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
| | - Marja Koskuvi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland (H.D., M.H.K., M.K., Š.L., J.K.)
| | - Velta Keksa-Goldsteine
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
| | - Minna Oksanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
| | - Henna Jäntti
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland (H.D., M.H.K., M.K., Š.L., J.K.)
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland (H.D., M.H.K., M.K., Š.L., J.K.)
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (N.-N.V., A.B., S.H., H.D., M.H.K., Y.D., M.K., V.K.-G., M.O., H.J., Š.L., T.M., J.K., J.J.)
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9
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You S, Su X, Ying J, Li S, Qu Y, Mu D. Research Progress on the Role of RNA m6A Modification in Glial Cells in the Regulation of Neurological Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081158. [PMID: 36009052 PMCID: PMC9405963 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are the most abundant and widely distributed cells that maintain cerebral homeostasis in the central nervous system. They mainly include microglia, astrocytes, and the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Moreover, glial cells may induce pathological changes, such as inflammatory responses, demyelination, and disruption of the blood–brain barrier, to regulate the occurrence and development of neurological diseases through various molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, RNA m6A modifications are involved in various pathological processes associated with glial cells. In this review, the roles of glial cells in physiological and pathological states, as well as advances in understanding the mechanisms by which glial cells regulate neurological diseases under RNA m6A modification, are summarized, hoping to provide new perspectives on the deeper mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi You
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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