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Liu J, Xing L, Li J, Wen K, Liu N, Liu Y, Wu G, Wang S, Ogiya D, Song TY, Kurata K, Penailillo J, Morelli E, Wang T, Hong X, Gulla A, Tai YT, Munshi N, Richardson P, Carrasco R, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. Epigenetic regulation of CD38/CD48 by KDM6A mediates NK cell response in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1367. [PMID: 38355622 PMCID: PMC10866908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies like Daratumumab (Dara) are effective in multiple myeloma (MM); however, drug resistance ultimately occurs and the mechanisms behind this are poorly understood. Here, we identify, via two in vitro genome-wide CRISPR screens probing Daratumumab resistance, KDM6A as an important regulator of sensitivity to Daratumumab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Loss of KDM6A leads to increased levels of H3K27me3 on the promoter of CD38, resulting in a marked downregulation in CD38 expression, which may cause resistance to Daratumumab-mediated ADCC. Re-introducing CD38 does not reverse Daratumumab-mediated ADCC fully, which suggests that additional KDM6A targets, including CD48 which is also downregulated upon KDM6A loss, contribute to Daratumumab-mediated ADCC. Inhibition of H3K27me3 with an EZH2 inhibitor resulted in CD38 and CD48 upregulation and restored sensitivity to Daratumumab. These findings suggest KDM6A loss as a mechanism of Daratumumab resistance and lay down the proof of principle for the therapeutic application of EZH2 inhibitors, one of which is already FDA-approved, in improving MM responsiveness to Daratumumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lijie Xing
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Kenneth Wen
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuntong Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gongwei Wu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Vertex pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Daisuke Ogiya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tian-Yu Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Keiji Kurata
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Johany Penailillo
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tingjian Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoning Hong
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Annamaria Gulla
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), 10060, Italy
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nikhil Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Paul Richardson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ruben Carrasco
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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2
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Pasvolsky O, Ghanem S, Milton DR, Rauf M, Tanner MR, Bashir Q, Srour S, Saini N, Lin P, Ramdial J, Nieto Y, Tang G, Aljawai Y, Khan HN, Kebriaei P, Lee HC, Patel KK, Thomas SK, Weber DM, Orlowski RZ, Shpall EJ, Champlin RE, Qazilbash MH. Outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma and 1q gain/amplification receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant: the MD Anderson cancer center experience. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38199987 PMCID: PMC10781953 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognostic impact of additional copies of chromosome 1q (1q + ) on outcomes of newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients undergoing autologous transplantation (autoSCT) is unclear. We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of NDMM patients with 1q21 gain/amplification (3 or ≥4 copies of 1q, respectively) that received autoSCT between 2008-2018. 213 patients were included (79% 1q gain; 21% 1q amplification). The most commonly used induction regimen was bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (41%). At day100 post-autoSCT and at best post-transplant response, 78% and 87% of patients achieved ≥VGPR, and 38% and 50% achieved MRD-negative ≥VGPR, respectively. Median PFS and OS for the entire cohort were 35.5 months and 81.4 months, respectively. On multivariable assessment for PFS, MRD negative ≥VGPR before autoSCT (HR 0.52, p = 0.013) was associated with superior PFS, whereas 1q amplification was associated with inferior PFS (2.03, p = 0.003). On multivariate analysis for OS, achieving MRD negative ≥VGPR at best post-transplant response was associated with superior survival (0.29, p < 0.001), whereas R-ISS III and concomitant del17p or t(4:14) were associated with inferior survival (6.95, p = 0.030, 2.33, p = 0.023 and 3.00, p = 0.047, respectively). In conclusion, patients with 1q+ NDMM, especially 1q amplification, have inferior survival outcomes compared to standard-risk disease after upfront autoSCT, though outcomes are better than other high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pasvolsky
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sassine Ghanem
- Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikael Rauf
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark R Tanner
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qaiser Bashir
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samer Srour
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neeraj Saini
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy Ramdial
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yago Nieto
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yosra Aljawai
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hina N Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hans C Lee
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krina K Patel
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheeba K Thomas
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Weber
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muzaffar H Qazilbash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Gleichman AJ, Kawaguchi R, Sofroniew MV, Carmichael ST. A toolbox of astrocyte-specific, serotype-independent adeno-associated viral vectors using microRNA targeting sequences. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7426. [PMID: 37973910 PMCID: PMC10654773 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, one of the most prevalent cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), are critically involved in neural function. Genetically manipulating astrocytes is an essential tool in understanding and affecting their roles. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) enable rapid genetic manipulation; however, astrocyte specificity of AAVs can be limited, with high off-target expression in neurons and sparsely in endothelial cells. Here, we report the development of a cassette of four copies of six miRNA targeting sequences (4x6T) which triggers transgene degradation specifically in neurons and endothelial cells. In combination with the GfaABC1D promoter, 4x6T increases astrocytic specificity of Cre with a viral reporter from <50% to >99% in multiple serotypes in mice, and confers astrocyte specificity in multiple recombinases and reporters. We also present empty vectors to add 4x6T to other cargo, independently and in Cre/Dre-dependent forms. This toolbox of AAVs allows rapid manipulation of astrocytes throughout the CNS, is compatible with different AAV serotypes, and demonstrates the efficacy of using multiplexed miRNA targeting sequences to decrease expression in multiple off-target cell populations simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Gleichman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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In GK, Ribeiro JR, Yin J, Xiu J, Bustos MA, Ito F, Chow F, Zada G, Hwang L, Salama AKS, Park SJ, Moser JC, Darabi S, Domingo-Musibay E, Ascierto ML, Margolin K, Lutzky J, Gibney GT, Atkins MB, Izar B, Hoon DSB, VanderWalde AM. Multi-omic profiling reveals discrepant immunogenic properties and a unique tumor microenvironment among melanoma brain metastases. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:120. [PMID: 37964004 PMCID: PMC10646102 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are clinically challenging to treat and exhibit variable responses to immune checkpoint therapies. Prior research suggests that MBM exhibit poor tumor immune responses and are enriched in oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we report results from a multi-omic analysis of a large, real-world melanoma cohort. MBM exhibited lower interferon-gamma (IFNγ) scores and T cell-inflamed scores compared to primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM) or extracranial metastases (ECM), which was independent of tumor mutational burden. Among MBM, there were fewer computationally inferred immune cell infiltrates, which correlated with lower TNF and IL12B mRNA levels. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed suppression of inflammatory responses and dendritic cell maturation pathways. MBM also demonstrated a higher frequency of pathogenic PTEN mutations and angiogenic signaling. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was enriched in MBM and negatively correlated with NK cell and B cell-associated transcriptomic signatures. Modulating metabolic or angiogenic pathways in MBM may improve responses to immunotherapy in this difficult-to-treat patient subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino K In
- Division of Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Jun Yin
- Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Matias A Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frances Chow
- Department of Neurology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Zada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay Hwang
- LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - April K S Salama
- Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soo J Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin C Moser
- HonorHealth Research and Innovation Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Sourat Darabi
- Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Hoag Hospital, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | - Evidio Domingo-Musibay
- Department of Medicine, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria L Ascierto
- Rosalie and Harold Rae Brown Cancer Immunotherapy Research Program, Borstein Family Melanoma Program, Department of Translational Immunology, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Kim Margolin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Jose Lutzky
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Gibney
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael B Atkins
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Columbia University, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Ari M VanderWalde
- Caris Life Sciences, Irving, TX, USA
- West Cancer Center and Research Institute, 514 Chickasawba St., Blytheville, Arkansas, 72315, USA
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5
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Stillman JM, Mendes Lopes F, Lin JP, Hu K, Reich DS, Schafer DP. Lipofuscin-like autofluorescence within microglia and its impact on studying microglial engulfment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7060. [PMID: 37923732 PMCID: PMC10624656 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engulfment of cellular material and proteins is a key function for microglia, a resident macrophage of the central nervous system (CNS). Among the techniques used to measure microglial engulfment, confocal light microscopy has been used the most extensively. Here, we show that autofluorescence (AF) likely due to lipofuscin (lipo-AF) and typically associated with aging, can also be detected within microglial lysosomes in the young mouse brain by light microscopy. This lipo-AF signal accumulates first within microglia and it occurs earliest in white versus gray matter. Importantly, in gray matter, lipo-AF signal can confound the interpretation of antibody-labeled synaptic material within microglia in young adult mice. We further show that there is an age-dependent accumulation of lipo-AF inside and outside of microglia, which is not affected by amyloid plaques. We finally implement a robust and cost-effective strategy to quench AF in mouse, marmoset, and human brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Stillman
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Francisco Mendes Lopes
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Hu
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Li X, Poire A, Jeong KJ, Zhang D, Chen G, Sun C, Mills GB. Single-cell trajectory analysis reveals a CD9 positive state to contribute to exit from stem cell-like and embryonic diapause states and transit to drug-resistant states. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:285. [PMID: 37542044 PMCID: PMC10403509 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors (BETi) have been shown to decrease tumor growth in preclinical models and clinical trials. However, toxicity and rapid emergence of resistance have limited their clinical implementation. To identify state changes underlying acquisition of resistance to the JQ1 BETi, we reanalyzed single-cell RNAseq data from JQ1 sensitive and resistant SUM149 and SUM159 triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Parental and JQ1-resistant SUM149 and SUM159 exhibited a stem cell-like and embryonic diapause (SCLED) cell state as well as a transitional cell state between the SCLED state that is present in both treatment naïve and JQ1 treated cells, and a number of JQ1 resistant cell states. A transitional cell state transcriptional signature but not a SCLED state transcriptional signature predicted worsened outcomes in basal-like breast cancer patients suggesting that transit from the SCLED state to drug-resistant states contributes to patient outcomes. Entry of SUM149 and SUM159 into the transitional cell state was characterized by elevated expression of the CD9 tetraspanin. Knockdown or inhibition of CD9-sensitized cells to multiple targeted and cytotoxic drugs in vitro. Importantly, CD9 knockdown or blockade sensitized SUM149 to JQ1 in vivo by trapping cells in the SCLED state and limiting transit to resistant cell states. Thus, CD9 appears to be critical for the transition from a SCLED state into treatment-resistant cell states and warrants exploration as a therapeutic target in basal-like breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
| | - Alfonso Poire
- Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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7
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Skinner OS, Blanco-Fernández J, Goodman RP, Kawakami A, Shen H, Kemény LV, Joesch-Cohen L, Rees MG, Roth JA, Fisher DE, Mootha VK, Jourdain AA. Salvage of ribose from uridine or RNA supports glycolysis in nutrient-limited conditions. Nat Metab 2023; 5:765-776. [PMID: 37198474 PMCID: PMC10229423 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is vital for life, serving as both a source of energy and carbon building block for growth. When glucose is limiting, alternative nutrients must be harnessed. To identify mechanisms by which cells can tolerate complete loss of glucose, we performed nutrient-sensitized genome-wide genetic screens and a PRISM growth assay across 482 cancer cell lines. We report that catabolism of uridine from the medium enables the growth of cells in the complete absence of glucose. While previous studies have shown that uridine can be salvaged to support pyrimidine synthesis in the setting of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation deficiency1, our work demonstrates that the ribose moiety of uridine or RNA can be salvaged to fulfil energy requirements via a pathway based on: (1) the phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine by uridine phosphorylase UPP1/UPP2 into uracil and ribose-1-phosphate (R1P), (2) the conversion of uridine-derived R1P into fructose-6-P and glyceraldehyde-3-P by the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway and (3) their glycolytic utilization to fuel ATP production, biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis. Capacity for glycolysis from uridine-derived ribose appears widespread, and we confirm its activity in cancer lineages, primary macrophages and mice in vivo. An interesting property of this pathway is that R1P enters downstream of the initial, highly regulated steps of glucose transport and upper glycolysis. We anticipate that 'uridine bypass' of upper glycolysis could be important in the context of disease and even exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen S Skinner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Russell P Goodman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akinori Kawakami
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hongying Shen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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8
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Chauvistré H, Shannan B, Daignault-Mill SM, Ju RJ, Picard D, Egetemaier S, Váraljai R, Gibhardt CS, Sechi A, Kaschani F, Keminer O, Stehbens SJ, Liu Q, Yin X, Jeyakumar K, Vogel FCE, Krepler C, Rebecca VW, Kubat L, Lueong SS, Forster J, Horn S, Remke M, Ehrmann M, Paschen A, Becker JC, Helfrich I, Rauh D, Kaiser M, Gul S, Herlyn M, Bogeski I, Rodríguez-López JN, Haass NK, Schadendorf D, Roesch A. Persister state-directed transitioning and vulnerability in melanoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3055. [PMID: 35650266 PMCID: PMC9160289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly plastic tumor characterized by dynamic interconversion of different cell identities depending on the biological context. Melanoma cells with high expression of the H3K4 demethylase KDM5B (JARID1B) rest in a slow-cycling, yet reversible persister state. Over time, KDM5Bhigh cells can promote rapid tumor repopulation with equilibrated KDM5B expression heterogeneity. The cellular identity of KDM5Bhigh persister cells has not been studied so far, missing an important cell state-directed treatment opportunity in melanoma. Here, we have established a doxycycline-titratable system for genetic induction of permanent intratumor expression of KDM5B and screened for chemical agents that phenocopy this effect. Transcriptional profiling and cell functional assays confirmed that the dihydropyridine 2-phenoxyethyl 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexa-hydro-quinoline-3-carboxylate (termed Cpd1) supports high KDM5B expression and directs melanoma cells towards differentiation along the melanocytic lineage and to cell cycle-arrest. The high KDM5B state additionally prevents cell proliferation through negative regulation of cytokinetic abscission. Moreover, treatment with Cpd1 promoted the expression of the melanocyte-specific tyrosinase gene specifically sensitizing melanoma cells for the tyrosinase-processed antifolate prodrug 3-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-(-)-epicatechin (TMECG). In summary, our study provides proof-of-concept for a dual hit strategy in melanoma, in which persister state-directed transitioning limits tumor plasticity and primes melanoma cells towards lineage-specific elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Chauvistré
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Batool Shannan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sheena M Daignault-Mill
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert J Ju
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Picard
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Egetemaier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Renáta Váraljai
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine S Gibhardt
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Keminer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samantha J Stehbens
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kirujan Jeyakumar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Felix C E Vogel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Linda Kubat
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
- Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital of Essen, Universitätsstrasse 1, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Smiths S Lueong
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Forster
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
- Translational Skin Cancer Research (TSCR), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital of Essen, Universitätsstrasse 1, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - José Neptuno Rodríguez-López
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nikolas K Haass
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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9
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Li J, Pan L, Pembroke WG, Rexach JE, Godoy MI, Condro MC, Alvarado AG, Harteni M, Chen YW, Stiles L, Chen AY, Wanner IB, Yang X, Goldman SA, Geschwind DH, Kornblum HI, Zhang Y. Conservation and divergence of vulnerability and responses to stressors between human and mouse astrocytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3958. [PMID: 34172753 PMCID: PMC8233314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play important roles in neurological disorders such as stroke, injury, and neurodegeneration. Most knowledge on astrocyte biology is based on studies of mouse models and the similarities and differences between human and mouse astrocytes are insufficiently characterized, presenting a barrier in translational research. Based on analyses of acutely purified astrocytes, serum-free cultures of primary astrocytes, and xenografted chimeric mice, we find extensive conservation in astrocytic gene expression between human and mouse samples. However, the genes involved in defense response and metabolism show species-specific differences. Human astrocytes exhibit greater susceptibility to oxidative stress than mouse astrocytes, due to differences in mitochondrial physiology and detoxification pathways. In addition, we find that mouse but not human astrocytes activate a molecular program for neural repair under hypoxia, whereas human but not mouse astrocytes activate the antigen presentation pathway under inflammatory conditions. Here, we show species-dependent properties of astrocytes, which can be informative for improving translation from mouse models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Pan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William G Pembroke
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica E Rexach
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlesa I Godoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Condro
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro G Alvarado
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mineli Harteni
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Wei Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Y Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ina B Wanner
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Brommer B, He M, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Page JC, Su J, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Gouy E, Tang J, Williams P, Dai W, Wang Q, Solinsky R, Chen B, He Z. Improving hindlimb locomotor function by Non-invasive AAV-mediated manipulations of propriospinal neurons in mice with complete spinal cord injury. Nat Commun 2021; 12:781. [PMID: 33536416 PMCID: PMC7859413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
After complete spinal cord injuries (SCI), spinal segments below the lesion maintain inter-segmental communication via the intraspinal propriospinal network. However, it is unknown whether selective manipulation of these circuits can restore locomotor function in the absence of brain-derived inputs. By taking advantage of the compromised blood-spinal cord barrier following SCI, we optimized a set of procedures in which AAV9 vectors administered via the tail vein efficiently transduce neurons in lesion-adjacent spinal segments after a thoracic crush injury in adult mice. With this method, we used chemogenetic actuators to alter the excitability of propriospinal neurons in the thoracic cord of the adult mice with a complete thoracic crush injury. We showed that activating these thoracic neurons enables consistent and significant hindlimb stepping improvement, whereas direct manipulations of the neurons in the lumbar spinal cord led to muscle spasms without meaningful locomotion. Strikingly, manipulating either excitatory or inhibitory propriospinal neurons in the thoracic levels leads to distinct behavioural outcomes, with preferential effects on standing or stepping, two key elements of the locomotor function. These results demonstrate a strategy of engaging thoracic propriospinal neurons to improve hindlimb function and provide insights into optimizing neuromodulation-based strategies for treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Brommer
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miao He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zicong Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica C Page
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junfeng Su
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emilia Gouy
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Tang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Williams
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei Dai
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Solinsky
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Das I, Chen H, Maddalo G, Tuominen R, Rebecca VW, Herlyn M, Hansson J, Davies MA, Egyházi Brage S. Inhibiting insulin and mTOR signaling by afatinib and crizotinib combination fosters broad cytotoxic effects in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 33082316 PMCID: PMC7576205 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for disseminated cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) improve survival, however disease progression commonly ensues. In a previous study we identified afatinib and crizotinib in combination as a novel potential therapy for CMM independent of BRAF/NRAS mutation status. Herein, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the combination treatment effect to find biomarkers and novel targets for development of therapy that may provide clinical benefit by proteomic analysis of CMM cell lines and xenografts using mass spectrometry based analysis and reverse phase protein array. Identified candidates were validated using immunoblotting or immunofluorescence. Our analysis revealed that mTOR/Insulin signaling pathways were significantly decreased by the afatinib and crizotinib combination treatment. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses showed that the combination treatment downregulated pRPS6KB1 and pRPS6, downstream of mTOR signaling, and IRS-1 in the insulin signaling pathway, specifically ablating IRS-1 nuclear signal. Silencing of RPS6 and IRS-1 alone had a similar effect on cell death, which was further induced when IRS-1 and RPS6 were concomitantly silenced in the CMM cell lines. Silencing of IRS-1 and RPS6 resulted in reduced sensitivity towards combination treatment. Additionally, we found that IRS-1 and RPS6KB1 expression levels were increased in advanced stages of CMM clinical samples. We could demonstrate that induced resistance towards combination treatment was reversible by a drug holiday. CD171/L1CAM, mTOR and PI3K-p85 were induced in the combination resistant cells whereas AXL and EPHA2, previously identified mediators of resistance to MAPK inhibitor therapy in CMM were downregulated. We also found that CD171/L1CAM and mTOR were increased at progression in tumor biopsies from two matched cases of patients receiving targeted therapy with BRAFi. Overall, these findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms behind the afatinib and crizotinib combination treatment effect and leverages a platform for discovering novel biomarkers and therapy regimes for CMM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Das
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gianluca Maddalo
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vito W Rebecca
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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