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Weber S, Bühler J, Loukas S, Bolton TAW, Vanini G, Bruckmaier R, Aybek S. Transient resting-state salience-limbic co-activation patterns in functional neurological disorders. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103583. [PMID: 38422831 PMCID: PMC10944183 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neurological disorders were historically regarded as the manifestation of a dynamic brain lesion which might be linked to trauma or stress, although this association has not yet been directly tested yet. Analysing large-scale brain network dynamics at rest in relation to stress biomarkers assessed by salivary cortisol and amylase could provide new insights into the pathophysiology of functional neurological symptoms. METHODS Case-control resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of 79 patients with mixed functional neurological disorders (i.e., functional movement disorders, functional seizures, persistent perceptual-postural dizziness) and 74 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Using a two-step hierarchical data-driven neuroimaging approach, static functional connectivity was first computed between 17 resting-state networks. Second, dynamic alterations in these networks were examined using co-activation pattern analysis. Using a partial least squares correlation analysis, the multivariate pattern of correlation between altered temporal characteristics and stress biomarkers as well as clinical scores were evaluated. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients presented with functional aberrancies of the salience-limbic network connectivity. Thus, the insula and amygdala were selected as seed-regions for the subsequent analyses. Insular co-(de)activation patterns related to the salience network, the somatomotor network and the default mode network were detected, which patients entered more frequently than controls. Moreover, an insular co-(de)activation pattern with subcortical regions together with a wide-spread co-(de)activation with diverse cortical networks was detected, which patients entered less frequently than controls. In patients, dynamic alterations conjointly correlated with amylase measures and duration of symptoms. CONCLUSION The relationship between alterations in insular co-activation patterns, stress biomarkers and clinical data proposes inter-related mechanisms involved in stress regulation and functional (network) integration. In summary, altered functional brain network dynamics were identified in patients with functional neurological disorder supporting previously raised concepts of impaired attentional and interoceptive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Weber
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Janine Bühler
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Serafeim Loukas
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A W Bolton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Vanini
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Selma Aybek
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Tang QY, Huang BL, Huang X. Altered functional connectivity between the default mode network in primary angle-closure glaucoma patients. Neuroreport 2024; 35:129-135. [PMID: 38251458 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have recognized glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease that causes extensive brain damage and is closely associated with cognitive function. In this study, we employed functional MRI to examine the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the default mode network (DMN) in patients diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), exploring its association with cognitive dysfunction. A total of 34 patients diagnosed with PACG and 34 healthy controls (HC), who were matched in terms of sex, age, and education, were included in the control group. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was selected as the region of interest to examine functional connectivity alterations. Compared with the HC group, functional connectivity was attenuated in left anterior cingulum cortex and left paracentral lobule between with PCC in the PACG group, the results are statistically significant. Our study revealed that patients with PACG exhibit weakened functional connectivity within the DMN. This finding suggests the presence of a neurological mechanism that is associated with both visual dysfunction and cognitive impairments in PACG patients. Furthermore, our study provides neuroimaging evidence that can aid in the exploration of spontaneous neurological alterations and facilitate a deeper investigation of alterations in the visual conduction pathways of PACG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yu Tang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Bing-Lin Huang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Son JJ, Schantell M, Picci G, Wang YP, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Doucet GE, Taylor BK, Wilson TW. Altered longitudinal trajectory of default mode network connectivity in healthy youth with subclinical depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101216. [PMID: 36857850 PMCID: PMC9986502 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) plays a crucial role in internal self-processing, rumination, and social functions. Disruptions to DMN connectivity have been linked with early adversity and the emergence of psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood. Herein, we investigate how subclinical psychiatric symptoms can impact DMN functional connectivity during the pubertal transition. Resting-state fMRI data were collected annually from 190 typically-developing youth (9-15 years-old) at three timepoints and within-network DMN connectivity was computed. We used latent growth curve modeling to determine how self-reported depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms predicted rates of change in DMN connectivity over the three-year period. In the baseline model without predictors, we found no systematic changes in DMN connectivity over time. However, significant modulation emerged after adding psychopathology predictors; greater depressive symptomatology was associated with significant decreases in connectivity over time, whereas posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with significant increases in connectivity over time. Follow-up analyses revealed that these effects were driven by connectivity changes involving the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex subnetwork. In conclusion, these data suggest that subclinical depressive and posttraumatic symptoms alter the trajectory of DMN connectivity, which may indicate that this network is a nexus of clinical significance in mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake J Son
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gaelle E Doucet
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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4
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Simor P, Peigneux P, Bódizs R. Sleep and dreaming in the light of reactive and predictive homeostasis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105104. [PMID: 36804397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Dreams are often viewed as fascinating but irrelevant mental epihenomena of the sleeping mind with questionable functional relevance. Despite long hours of oneiric activity, and high individual differences in dream recall, dreams are lost into oblivion. Here, we conceptualize dreaming and dream amnesia as inherent aspects of the reactive and predictive homeostatic functions of sleep. Mental activity during sleep conforms to the interplay of restorative processes and future anticipation, and particularly during the second half of the night, it unfolds as a special form of non-constrained, self-referent, and future-oriented cognitive process. Awakening facilitates constrained, goal-directed prospection that competes for shared neural resources with dream production and dream recall, and contributes to dream amnesia. We present the neurophysiological aspects of reactive and predictive homeostasis during sleep, highlighting the putative role of cortisol in predictive homeostasis and forgetting dreams. The theoretical and methodological aspects of our proposal are discussed in relation to the study of dreaming, dream recall, and sleep-related cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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5
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Wu H, Wang D, Liu Y, Xie M, Zhou L, Wang Y, Cao J, Huang Y, Qiu M, Qin P. Decoding subject's own name in the primary auditory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 44:1985-1996. [PMID: 36573391 PMCID: PMC9980885 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies have shown that perception of subject's own name (SON) involves multiple multimodal brain regions, while activities in unimodal sensory regions (i.e., primary auditory cortex) and their interaction with multimodal regions during the self-processing remain unclear. To answer this, we combined multivariate pattern analysis and dynamic causal modelling analysis to explore the regional activation pattern and inter-region effective connection during the perception of SON. We found that SON and other names could be decoded from the activation pattern in the primary auditory cortex. In addition, we found an excitatory effect of SON on connections from the anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus to the primary auditory cortex, and to the temporoparietal junction. Our findings extended the current knowledge of self-processing by showing that primary auditory cortex could discriminate SON from other names. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the importance of influence of the insula on the primary auditory cortex during self-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Dong Wang
- Mental Health CenterBaoan High School Group Tangtou SchoolShenzhenChina
| | - Yueyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Musi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Liwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Shanghai World Foreign Language AcademyShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yujuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Mincong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina,Pazhou LabGuangzhouChina
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6
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Bao Z, Frewen P. Sense of self in mind and body: an eLORETA-EEG study. Neurosci Conscious 2022; 2022:niac017. [PMID: 36530551 PMCID: PMC9748806 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain engages the sense of self through both semantic and somatic self-referential processing (SRP). Alpha and theta oscillations have been found to underlie SRP but have not been compared with respect to semantic and somatic SRP. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from 50 participants during focused internal attention on life roles (e.g. "friend") and outer body (e.g. "arms") compared to resting state and an external attention memory task and localized the sources of on-scalp alpha (8-12 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) EEG signals with exact low-resolution tomography. Logarithm of F-ratios was calculated to compare differences in alpha and theta power between SRP conditions, resting state, and external attention. Results indicated that compared to resting state, semantic SRP induced lower theta in the frontal cortex and higher theta in the parietal cortex, whereas somatic SRP induced lower alpha in the frontal and insula cortex and higher alpha in the parietal cortex. Furthermore, results indicated that compared to external attention, both semantic and somatic SRP induced higher alpha in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with lateralized patterns based on task condition. Finally, an analysis directly comparing semantic and somatic SRP indicated frontal-parietal and left-right lateralization of SRP in the brain. Our results suggest the alpha and theta oscillations in the frontal, parietal, and the insula cortex may play crucial roles in semantic and somatic SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Frewen
- *Correspondence address. Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 339 Windermere Rd., London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada. Tel: +519 685 8500 E-mail:
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7
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Xu Z, Zhu R, Zhang S, Zhang S, Liang Z, Mai X, Liu C. Mortality salience enhances neural activities related to guilt and shame when recalling the past. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5145-5162. [PMID: 35102376 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality salience (MS) influences cognition and behavior. However, its effect on emotion (especially moral emotions) and the underlying neural correlates are unclear. We investigated how MS priming modulated guilt and shame in a later recall task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The behavioral results indicated that MS increased self-reported guilt but not shame. The neural results showed that MS strengthened neural activities related to the psychological processes of guilt and shame. Specifically, for both guilt and shame, MS increased activation in a region associated with self-referential processing (ventral medial prefrontal cortex). For guilt but not shame, MS increased the activation of regions associated with cognitive control (orbitofrontal cortex) and emotion processing (amygdala). For shame but not guilt, MS decreased brain functional connectivity related to self-referential processing. A direct comparison showed that MS more strongly decreased a functional connectivity related to self-referential processing in the shame than in the guilt condition. Additionally, the activation of insula during MS priming was partly predictive of neural activities related to guilt and shame in the subsequent recall task. Our study sheds light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of MS effects on moral emotions and provides theoretical insights for enriching terror management theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruida Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69115, Germany
| | - Zilu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoqin Mai
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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8
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Self-Referential Processing and Resting-State Functional MRI Connectivity of Cortical Midline Structures in Glioma Patients. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111463. [DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metacognition has only scarcely been investigated in brain tumor patients. It is unclear if and how the tumor-lesioned brain might be able to maintain an adequate sense-of-self. As cortical midline structures (CMS) are regarded as essential for self-referential mental activity, we investigated resting-state fMRI connectivity (FC) of CMS to the default-mode network (DMN) and to the whole brain, comparing glioma patients and matched controls. Subjects furthermore performed a trait judgement (TJ), a trait recall task (TR), and neuropsychological testing. In the TJ, adjectives had to be ascribed as self- or non-self-describing, assessing the self-serving effect (SSE), a normally observed bias for positive traits. In the TR, the mnemic neglect effect (MNE), a memory advantage for positive traits, was tested. The groups were compared and partial correlations between FC and test metrics were analyzed. Although patients were significantly impaired in terms of verbal memory, groups did not differ in the SSE or the MNE results, showing preserved metacognitive abilities in patients. FC of CMS to the DMN was maintained, but was significantly decreased to whole brain in the patients. FC of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) to whole brain was correlated with the MNE in patients. Preserving the DMPFC in therapeutic interventions might be relevant for maintaining self-related verbal information processing in the memory domain in glioma patients.
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9
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Weder BJ. Mindfulness in the focus of the neurosciences - The contribution of neuroimaging to the understanding of mindfulness. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:928522. [PMID: 36325155 PMCID: PMC9622333 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.928522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness affects human levels of experience by facilitating the immediate and impartial perception of phenomena, including sensory stimulation, emotions, and thoughts. Mindfulness is now a focus of neuroimaging, since technical and methodological developments in magnetic resonance imaging have made it possible to observe subjects performing mindfulness tasks. OBJECTIVE We set out to describe the association between mental processes and characteristics of mindfulness, including their specific cerebral patterns, as shown in structural and functional neuroimaging studies. METHODS We searched the MEDLINE databank of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics via PubMed using the keywords: "mindfulness," "focused attention (FA)," "open monitoring (OM)," "mind wandering," "emotional regulation," "magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)" and "default mode network (DMN)." This review extracted phenomenological experiences across populations with varying degrees of mindfulness training and correlated these experiences with structural and functional neuroimaging patterns. Our goal was to describe how mindful behavior was processed by the constituents of the default mode network during specific tasks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Depending on the research paradigm employed to explore mindfulness, investigations of function that used fMRI exhibited distinct activation patterns and functional connectivities. Basic to mindfulness is a long-term process of learning to use meditation techniques. Meditators progress from voluntary control of emotions and subjective preferences to emotional regulation and impartial awareness of phenomena. As their ability to monitor perception and behavior, a metacognitive skill, improves, mindfulness increases self-specifying thoughts governed by the experiential phenomenological self and reduces self-relational thoughts of the narrative self. The degree of mindfulness (ratio of self-specifying to self-relational thoughts) may affect other mental processes, e.g., awareness, working memory, mind wandering and belief formation. Mindfulness prevents habituation and the constant assumptions associated with mindlessness. Self-specifying thinking during mindfulness and self-relational thinking in the narrative self relies on the default mode network. The main constituents of this network are the dorsal and medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. These midline structures are antagonistic to self-specifying and self-relational processes, since the predominant process determines their differential involvement. Functional and brain volume changes indicate brain plasticity, mediated by mental training over the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno J. Weder
- Support Centre for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Rahrig H, Vago DR, Passarelli MA, Auten A, Lynn NA, Brown KW. Meta-analytic evidence that mindfulness training alters resting state default mode network connectivity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12260. [PMID: 35851275 PMCID: PMC9293892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis sought to expand upon neurobiological models of mindfulness through investigation of inherent brain network connectivity outcomes, indexed via resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of rsFC as an outcome of mindfulness training (MT) relative to control, with the hypothesis that MT would increase cross-network connectivity between nodes of the Default Mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Frontoparietal Control Network (FPCN) as a mechanism of internally-oriented attentional control. Texts were identified from the databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, ERIC, PSYCINFO, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Sciences; and were screened for inclusion based on experimental/quasi-experimental trial design and use of mindfulness-based training interventions. RsFC effects were extracted from twelve studies (mindfulness n = 226; control n = 204). Voxel-based meta-analysis revealed significantly greater rsFC (MT > control) between the left middle cingulate (Hedge's g = .234, p = 0.0288, I2 = 15.87), located within the SN, and the posterior cingulate cortex, a focal hub of the DMN. Egger's test for publication bias was nonsignificant, bias = 2.17, p = 0.162. In support of our hypothesis, results suggest that MT targets internetwork (SN-DMN) connectivity implicated in the flexible control of internally-oriented attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadley Rahrig
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
| | - David R Vago
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA, TN
| | - Matthew A Passarelli
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Allison Auten
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Nicholas A Lynn
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Kirk Warren Brown
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
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11
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Yin S, Li Y, Chen A. Functional coupling between frontoparietal control subnetworks bridges the default and dorsal attention networks. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2243-2260. [PMID: 35751677 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The frontoparietal control network (FPCN) plays a central role in tuning connectivity between brain networks to achieve integrated cognitive processes. It has been proposed that two subnetworks within the FPCN separately regulate two antagonistic networks: the FPCNa is connected to the default network (DN) that deals with internally oriented introspective processes, whereas the FPCNb is connected to the dorsal attention network (DAN) that deals with externally oriented perceptual attention. However, cooperation between the DN and DAN induced by distinct task demands has not been well-studied. Here, we characterized the dynamic cooperation among the DN, DAN, and two FPCN subnetworks in a task in which internally oriented self-referential processing could facilitate externally oriented visual working memory. Functional connectivity analysis showed enhanced coupling of a circuit from the DN to the FPCNa, then to the FPCNb, and finally to the DAN when the self-referential processing improved memory recognition in high self-referential conditions. The direct connection between the DN and DAN was not enhanced. This circuit could be reflected by an increased chain-mediating effect of the FPCNa and the FPCNb between the DN and DAN in high self-referential conditions. Graph analysis revealed that high self-referential conditions were accompanied by increased global and local efficiencies, and the increases were mainly driven by the increased efficiency of FPCN nodes. Together, our findings extend prior observations and indicate that the coupling between the two FPCN subnetworks serves as a bridge between the DN and DAN, supporting the interaction between internally oriented and externally oriented processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhang Yin
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yilu Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Antao Chen
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Development of the neural correlates of self- and other-referential processing across adolescence. Neuroimage 2022; 252:119032. [PMID: 35218931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, major changes in brain mechanisms take place and differentiated representations of both the self and of others are developed. Although studies have investigated the neural mechanisms of self- and other-referential processing in adolescents, the development of these mechanisms remain largely unaddressed. Here, we report a three-year longitudinal study with annual measurements, and investigate the developmental trajectories of activity and connectivity underlying self- and other-referential processes in 34 participants from early to mid-adolescence (mean age timepoints 1, 2, 3= 12.9, 13.9, 15.0 years). Moreover, we probe whether these correlates continue to develop from mid-adolescence to young adulthood by comparing neural correlates of the adolescents at the last measurement to an independent group of 42 young adults (mean age 22 years). Participants underwent functional MRI while performing a trait judgement task in which they indicated whether an adjective described themselves, a similar or a dissimilar peer. Brain activity within the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) and right temporal parietal junction (TPJ) showed a quadratic change from early to mid-adolescence, with a peak in activity at the second measurement when evaluating the self, the similar and dissimilar peer. No differential activity was observed when comparing the adolescents to young adults. Functional connectivity did not change from early to mid-adolescence, however, connectivity of the dMPFC with a posterior midline region during self- and other-referential processing relative to the control condition reduced from mid-adolescence to young adulthood. Together, these findings provide insight in the developmental trajectories of brain activity and connectivity underlying the development of the self-concept and representations of peers in adolescence.
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13
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Luis EO, Akrivou K, Bermejo-Martins E, Scalzo G, Orón JV. The Interprocessual-Self Theory in Support of Human Neuroscience Studies. Front Psychol 2022; 12:686928. [PMID: 35153881 PMCID: PMC8832125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.686928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rather than occurring abstractly (autonomously), ethical growth occurs in interpersonal relationships (IRs). It requires optimally functioning cognitive processes [attention, working memory (WM), episodic/autobiographical memory (AM), inhibition, flexibility, among others], emotional processes (physical contact, motivation, and empathy), processes surrounding ethical, intimacy, and identity issues, and other psychological processes (self-knowledge, integration, and the capacity for agency). Without intending to be reductionist, we believe that these aspects are essential for optimally engaging in IRs and for the personal constitution. While they are all integrated into our daily life, in research and academic work, it is hard to see how they are integrated. Thus, we need better theoretical frameworks for studying them. That study and integration thereof are undertaken differently depending on different views of what it means to live as a human being. We rely on neuroscientific data to support the chosen theory to offer knowledge to understand human beings and interpersonal relational growth. We should of course note that to describe what makes up the uniqueness of being, acting, and growing as a human person involves something much more profound which requires too, a methodology that opens the way for a theory of the person that responds to the concerns of philosophy and philosophical anthropology from many disciplines and methods (Orón Semper, 2015; Polo, 2015), but this is outside the scope of this study. With these in mind, this article aims to introduce a new explanatory framework, called the Interprocessual-self (IPS), for the neuroscientific findings that allow for a holistic consideration of the previously mentioned processes. Contributing to the knowledge of personal growth and avoiding a reductionist view, we first offer a general description of the research that supports the interrelation between personal virtue in IRs and relevant cognitive, emotional, and ethic-moral processes. This reveals how relationships allow people to relate ethically and grow as persons. We include conceptualizations and descriptions of their neural bases. Secondly, with the IPS model, we explore neuroscientific findings regarding self-knowledge, integration, and agency, all psychological processes that stimulate inner exploration of the self concerning the other. We find that these fundamental conditions can be understood from IPS theory. Finally, we explore situations that involve the integration of two levels, namely the interpersonal one and the social contexts of relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkin O. Luis
- Psychological Processes in Education and Health Group, School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kleio Akrivou
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Bermejo-Martins
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Community Nursing and Midwifery, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Germán Scalzo
- School of Business, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Víctor Orón
- Fundación UpToYou Educación, Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Víctor Orón,
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14
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Individual differences in (dis)honesty are represented in the brain's functional connectivity at rest. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118761. [PMID: 34861396 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of the determinants of socially undesirable behaviors, such as dishonesty, are complicated and obscured by social desirability biases. To circumvent these biases, we used connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) on resting state functional connectivity patterns in combination with a novel task which inconspicuously measures voluntary cheating to gain access to the neurocognitive determinants of (dis)honesty. Specifically, we investigated whether task-independent neural patterns within the brain at rest could be used to predict a propensity for (dis)honest behavior. Our analyses revealed that functional connectivity, especially between brain networks linked to self-referential thinking (vmPFC, temporal poles, and PCC) and reward processing (caudate nucleus), reliably correlates, in an independent sample, with participants' propensity to cheat. Participants who cheated the most also scored highest on several self-report measures of impulsivity which underscores the generalizability of our results. Notably, when comparing neural and self-report measures, the neural measures were found to be more important in predicting cheating propensity.
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15
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Shu J, Qiang Q, Yan Y, Ren Y, Wei W, Zhang L. Aberrant Topological Patterns of Structural Covariance Networks in Cognitively Normal Elderly Adults With Mild Behavioral Impairment. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:738100. [PMID: 34658800 PMCID: PMC8511486 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.738100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild behavioral impairment (MBI), characterized by the late-life onset of sustained and meaningful neuropsychiatric symptoms, is increasingly recognized as a prodromal stage of dementia. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of MBI remain unclear. Here, we examined alterations in the topological organization of the structural covariance networks of patients with MBI (N = 32) compared with normal controls (N = 38). We found that the gray matter structural covariance networks of both the patients with MBI and controls exhibited a small-world topology evidenced by sigma value larger than one. The patients with MBI had significantly decreased clustering coefficients at several network densities and local efficiency at densities ranging from 0.05 to 0.26, indicating decreased local segregation. No significant differences in the characteristic path length, gamma value, sigma value, or global efficiency were detected. Locally, the patients with MBI showed significantly decreased nodal betweenness centrality in the left middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part), and left Heschl gyrus and increased betweenness centrality in the left gyrus rectus, right insula, bilateral precuneus, and left thalamus. Moreover, the difference in the bilateral precuneus survived after correcting for multiple comparisons. In addition, a different number and distribution of hubs was identified in patients with MBI, showing more paralimbic hubs than observed in the normal controls. In conclusion, we revealed abnormal topological patterns of the structural covariance networks in patients with MBI and offer new insights into the network dysfunctional mechanisms of MBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Qiang
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuning Yan
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Ren
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenshi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Center, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Chen S, Song Y, Xu W, Hu G, Ge H, Xue C, Gao J, Qi W, Lin X, Chen J. Impaired Memory Awareness and Loss Integration in Self-Referential Network Across the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:111-126. [PMID: 34250942 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anosognosia, or unawareness of memory deficits, is a common manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but greatly variable in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects. Self-referential network (SRN) is responsible for self-referential processing and considered to be related to AD progression. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to explore connectivity changes of SRN and its interaction with memory-related network and primary sensorimotor network (SMN) in the AD spectrum. METHODS About 444 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative subjects (86 cognitively normal [CN]; 156 SCD; 146 aMCI; 56 AD) were enrolled in our study. The independent component analysis (ICA) method was used to extract the SRN, SMN, and memory-related network from all subjects. The alteration of functional connectivity (FC) within SRN and its connectivity with memory-related network/SMN were compared among four groups and further correlation analysis between altered FC and memory awareness index as well as episodic memory score were performed. RESULTS Compared with CN group, individuals with SCD exhibited hyperconnectivity within SRN, while aMCI and AD patients showed hypoconnectivity. Furthermore, aMCI patients and AD patients both showed the interruption of the FC between the SRN and memory-related network compared to CN group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that disruptive FC within SRN and its interaction with memory-related network were related to memory awareness index and episodic memory scores. CONCLUSION In conclusion, impaired memory awareness and episodic memory in the AD spectrum are correlated to the disconnection within SRN and its interaction with memory-related network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanjie Hu
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhang Qi
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Michaelian JC, Duffy SL, Mowszowski L, Guastella AJ, McCade D, McKinnon AC, Naismith SL. Poorer Theory of Mind in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Decreased Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1079-1091. [PMID: 33843670 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults living with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) not only demonstrate impairments in Theory of Mind (ToM), relative to adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), but are also at a higher risk of developing dementia. OBJECTIVE Our primary objective was to ascertain whether default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity was differentially associated with ToM abilities between MCI subgroups. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated alterations in resting-state functional connectivity within the brain's DMN in a sample of 43 older adults with aMCI (n = 19) and naMCI (n = 24), previously reported to demonstrate poorer ToM abilities. RESULTS Compared to naMCI, the aMCI subgroup revealed a significant association between poorer ToM performance and reduced functional connectivity between the bilateral temporal pole (TempP) and the left lateral temporal cortex (LTC) (LTC_L-TempP_L: b = -0.06, t(33) = -3.53, p = 0.02; LTC_L-TempP_R: b = -0.07,t(33) = -3.20, p = 0.03); between the right TempP and the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) (b = -0.04, t(33) = -3.02, p = 0.03) and between the left and right TempP (b = -0.05, t(33) = -3.26, p = 0.03). In the naMCI subgroup, the opposite relationship was present between the bilateral TempP and the left LTC (Combined correlation: r = -0.47, p = 0.02), however, not between the right TempP and the dMPFC (r = -0.14, p = 0.51) or the left and right TempP (r = -0.31, p = 0.14). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that alterations in functional connectivity within the DMN involving temporal and frontal lobe regions are associated with ToM deficits in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C Michaelian
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shantel L Duffy
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Loren Mowszowski
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Donna McCade
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew C McKinnon
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Su C, Zhou H, Gong L, Teng B, Geng F, Hu Y. Viewing personalized video clips recommended by TikTok activates default mode network and ventral tegmental area. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118136. [PMID: 33951514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutting-edge recommendation algorithms have been widely used by media platforms to suggest users with personalized content. While such user-specific recommendations may satisfy users' needs to obtain intended information, some users may develop a problematic use pattern manifested by addiction-like undesired behaviors. Using a popular video sharing and recommending platform (TikTok) as an example, the present study first characterized use-related undesired behaviors with a questionnaire, then investigated how personally recommended videos modulated brain activity with an fMRI experiment. We found more undesired symptoms were related to lower self-control ability among young adults, and about 5.9% of TikTok users may have significant problematic use. The fMRI results showed higher brain activations in sub-components of the default mode network (DMN), ventral tegmental area, and discrete regions including lateral prefrontal, anterior thalamus, and cerebellum when viewing personalized videos in contrast to non-personalized ones. Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed stronger coupling between activated DMN subregions and neural pathways underlying auditory and visual processing, as well as the frontoparietal network. This study highlights the functional heterogeneity of DMN in viewing personalized videos and may shed light on the neural underpinnings of how recommendation algorithms are able to keep the user's attention to suggested contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Su
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liangyu Gong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binyu Teng
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fengji Geng
- Department of Curriculum and Learning Sciences, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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19
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van Buuren M, Lee NC, Vegting I, Walsh RJ, Sijtsma H, Hollarek M, Krabbendam L. Intrinsic network interactions explain individual differences in mentalizing ability in adolescents. Neuropsychologia 2020; 151:107737. [PMID: 33383039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mentalizing is an important aspect of social cognition and people vary in their ability to mentalize. Despite initial evidence that mentalizing continues to develop throughout adolescence, it is unclear which neural mechanisms underlie individual variability in mentalizing ability in adolescents. Interactions within and between the default-mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN) and cingulo-opercular/salience network (CO/SN) have been related to inter-individual differences in cognitive processes in both adults and adolescents. Here, we investigated whether intrinsic connectivity within and between these brain networks explained inter-individual differences in affective mentalizing ability in adolescents. Resting-state brain activity was measured using functional MRI and affective mentalizing ability was defined as correct performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test performed outside the scanner. We identified the DMN, FPN and CO/SN, and within and between network connectivity values were submitted to a bootstrapping enhanced penalized multiple regression analysis to predict mentalizing in 66 young adolescents (11-14 years). We showed that stronger connectivity between the DMN and the FPN, together with lower within-network connectivity of the FPN and the CO/SN predicted better mentalizing performance. These novel findings provide insight into the normative developmental trajectory of the neural mechanisms underlying affective mentalizing in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariët van Buuren
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Nikki C Lee
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Vegting
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reubs J Walsh
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hester Sijtsma
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Hollarek
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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van Buuren M, Walsh RJ, Sijtsma H, Hollarek M, Lee NC, Bos PA, Krabbendam L. Neural correlates of self- and other-referential processing in young adolescents and the effects of testosterone and peer similarity. Neuroimage 2020; 219:117060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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21
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Alonso Martínez S, Deco G, Ter Horst GJ, Cabral J. The Dynamics of Functional Brain Networks Associated With Depressive Symptoms in a Nonclinical Sample. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:570583. [PMID: 33071760 PMCID: PMC7530893 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.570583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain function depends on the flexible and dynamic coordination of functional subsystems within distributed neural networks operating on multiple scales. Recent progress has been made in the characterization of functional connectivity (FC) at the whole-brain scale from a dynamic, rather than static, perspective, but its validity for cognitive sciences remains under debate. Here, we analyzed brain activity recorded with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging from 71 healthy participants evaluated for depressive symptoms after a relationship breakup based on the conventional Major Depression Inventory (MDI). We compared both static and dynamic FC patterns between participants reporting high and low depressive symptoms. Between-group differences in static FC were estimated using a standard pipeline for network-based statistic (NBS). Additionally, FC was analyzed from a dynamic perspective by characterizing the occupancy, lifetime, and transition profiles of recurrent FC patterns. Recurrent FC patterns were defined by clustering the BOLD phase-locking patterns obtained using leading eigenvector dynamics analysis (LEiDA). NBS analysis revealed a brain subsystem exhibiting significantly lower within-subsystem correlation values in more depressed participants (high MDI). This subsystem predominantly comprised connections between regions of the default mode network (i.e., precuneus) and regions outside this network. On the other hand, LEiDA results showed that high MDI participants engaged more in a state connecting regions of the default mode, memory retrieval, and frontoparietal network (p-FDR = 0.012); and less in a state connecting mostly the visual and dorsal attention systems (p-FDR = 0.004). Although both our analyses on static and dynamic FC implicate the role of the precuneus in depressive symptoms, only including the temporal evolution of BOLD FC helped to disentangle over time the distinct configurations in which this region plays a role. This finding further indicates that a holistic understanding of brain function can only be gleaned if the temporal dynamics of FC is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Alonso Martínez
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gert J Ter Horst
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joana Cabral
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
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22
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Wang R, Li Y, Lin J, Sun C, Chen N, Xu W, Hu B, Liu X, Geng D, Yang L. Altered spontaneous brain activity at attack and remission stages in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS): Beyond stroke-like lesions. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Cognitive control increases honesty in cheaters but cheating in those who are honest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19080-19091. [PMID: 32747572 PMCID: PMC7430999 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003480117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Every day, we are faced with the conflict between the temptation to cheat for financial gains and maintaining a positive image of ourselves as being a "good person." While it has been proposed that cognitive control is needed to mediate this conflict between reward and our moral self-image, the exact role of cognitive control in (dis)honesty remains elusive. Here we identify this role, by investigating the neural mechanism underlying cheating. We developed a task which allows for inconspicuously measuring spontaneous cheating on a trial-by-trial basis in the MRI scanner. We found that activity in the nucleus accumbens promotes cheating, particularly for individuals who cheat a lot, while a network consisting of posterior cingulate cortex, temporoparietal junction, and medial prefrontal cortex promotes honesty, particularly in individuals who are generally honest. Finally, activity in areas associated with cognitive control (anterior cingulate cortex and inferior frontal gyrus) helped dishonest participants to be honest, whereas it enabled cheating for honest participants. Thus, our results suggest that cognitive control is not needed to be honest or dishonest per se but that it depends on an individual's moral default.
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Linking bodily, environmental and mental states in the self—A three-level model based on a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:77-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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25
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Zendehrouh E, Sendi MSE, Sui J, Fu Z, Zhi D, Lv L, Ma X, Ke Q, Li X, Wang C, Abbott CC, Turner JA, Miller RL, Calhoun VD. Aberrant Functional Network Connectivity Transition Probability in Major Depressive Disorder. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:1493-1496. [PMID: 33018274 PMCID: PMC8233065 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and serious mental disorder characterized by a persistent negative feeling and tremendous sadness. In recent decades, several studies used functional network connectivity (FNC), estimated from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to investigate the biological signature of MDD. However, the majority of them have ignored the temporal change of brain interaction by focusing on static FNC (sFNC). Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) that explores temporal patterns of functional connectivity (FC) might provide additional information to its static counterpart. In the current study, by applying k-means clustering on dFNC of MDD and healthy subjects (HCs), we estimated 5 different states. Next, we use the hidden Markov model as a potential biomarker to differentiate the dFNC pattern of MDD patients from HCs. Comparing MDD and HC subjects' hidden Markov model (HMM) features, we have highlighted the role of transition probabilities between states as potential biomarkers and identified that transition probability from a lightly- connected state to highly connected one reduces as symptom severity increases in MDD subjects.Index Terms- Major depressive disorder, Dynamic functional network connectivity, Machine learning, Resting- state functional magnetic resonance imaging, Hidden Markov model.
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Yoshikawa A, Masaoka Y, Yoshida M, Koiwa N, Honma M, Watanabe K, Kubota S, Natsuko I, Ida M, Izumizaki M. Heart Rate and Respiration Affect the Functional Connectivity of Default Mode Network in Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:631. [PMID: 32694974 PMCID: PMC7338607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of brain imaging studies show functional connectivity (FC) between regions during emotional and cognitive tasks in humans. However, emotions are accompanied by changes in physiological parameters such as heart rate and respiration. These changes may affect blood oxygen level-dependent signals, as well as connectivity between brain areas. This study aimed to clarify the effects of physiological noise on the connectivity between areas related to the default mode network using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Healthy adult volunteers (age range: 19–51 years, mean age: 26.9 ± 9.1 years, 8 males and 8 females) underwent rs-fMRI for 10 min using a clinical 3T scanner (MAGNETOM Trio A Tim System, Siemens) with simultaneously recorded respiration and cardiac output. Physiological noise signals were subsequently removed from the acquired fMRI data using the DRIFTER toolbox. Image processing and analysis of the FC between areas related to the default mode network were performed using DPARSF. Network-Based Statistic (NBS) analysis of the functional connectome of the DMN and DMN-related area was used to perform three groups of comparison: without physiological noise correction, with cardiac noise correction, and with cardiac and respiratory noise correction. NBS analysis identified 36 networks with significant differences in three conditions in FC matrices. Post hoc comparison showed no differences between the three conditions, indicating that all three had the same networks. Among the 36 networks, strength of FC of 8 networks was modified under physiological noise correction. Connectivity between left and right anterior medial frontal regions increased strength of connectivity. These areas are located on the medial cerebral hemisphere, close to the sagittal sinus and arteries in the cerebral hemispheres, suggesting that medial frontal areas may be sensitive to cardiac rhythm close to arteries. The other networks observed temporal regions and showed a decrease in their connectivity strength by removing physiological noise, indicating that physiological noise, especially respiration, may be sensitive to BOLD signal in the temporal regions during resting state. Temporal lobe was highly correlated with anxiety-related respiration changes (Masaoka and Homma, 2000), speech processing, and respiratory sensation. These factors may affect the rs-fMRI signaling sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshikawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Nursing and Rehabilitation Sciences, Showa University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Masaoka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Koiwa
- Department of Health and Science, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Hasuda, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Kubota
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iizuka Natsuko
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ida
- National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Mito, Japan
| | - Masahiko Izumizaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Regional default mode network connectivity in major depressive disorder: modulation by acute intravenous citalopram. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:116. [PMID: 30877271 PMCID: PMC6420575 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between altered default mode network (DMN) connectivity and abnormal serotonin function in major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated. Using intravenous citalopram and resting-state fMRI, we investigated DMN intra-network connectivity and serotonin function in 77 healthy controls and patients with MDD. There were no significant main effects of MDD or citalopram on DMN intra-network connectivity; however, significant interactions indicated that group differences under saline were modified by citalopram. In MDD patients during saline infusion, in contrast with controls, the DMN (i) did not include the precuneus that was instead part of an anti-correlated network but (ii) did include amygdala that was part of the anti-correlated network in controls. Citalopram infusion in MDD patients restored the pattern seen in controls under saline. In healthy controls, citalopram infusion disengaged the precuneus from the DMN and engaged the amygdala, partially reproducing the abnormalities seen under saline in MDD. In exploratory analyses within the MDD group, greater rumination self-ratings were associated with greater intra-network connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex with the DMN. We hypothesise that, in MDD, disengagement of the precuneus from the DMN relates to overgeneral memory bias in rumination. The opposite effect, with greater engagement of the amygdala in the DMN, reflects the negative valence of rumination. Reversal of these abnormalities by citalopram suggests that they may be related to impaired serotonin function. That citalopram engaged the amygdala in the DMN in controls may relate to the paradoxical effects on aversive processing seen with acute SSRIs in healthy subjects.
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Abstract
Interindividual differences in pain sensitivity vary as a function of interactions between sensory, cognitive-affective, and dispositional factors. Trait mindfulness, characterized as the innate capacity to nonreactively sustain attention to the present moment, is a psychological construct that is associated with lower clinical pain outcomes. Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting dispositional mindfulness are unknown. In an exploratory data analysis obtained during a study comparing mindfulness to placebo analgesia, we sought to determine whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower pain sensitivity. We also aimed to identify the brain mechanisms supporting the postulated inverse relationship between trait mindfulness and pain in response to noxious stimulation. We hypothesized that trait mindfulness would be associated with lower pain and greater deactivation of the default mode network. Seventy-six meditation-naive and healthy volunteers completed the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory and were administered innocuous (35°C) and noxious stimulation (49°C) during perfusion-based functional magnetic resonance imaging. Higher Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory ratings were associated with lower pain intensity (P = 0.005) and pain unpleasantness ratings (P = 0.005). Whole brain analyses revealed that higher dispositional mindfulness was associated with greater deactivation of a brain region extending from the precuneus to posterior cingulate cortex during noxious heat. These novel findings demonstrate that mindful individuals feel less pain and evoke greater deactivation of brain regions supporting the engagement sensory, cognitive, and affective appraisals. We propose that mindfulness and the posterior cingulate cortex should be considered as important mechanistic targets for pain therapies.
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van Buuren M, Wagner IC, Fernández G. Functional network interactions at rest underlie individual differences in memory ability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:9-19. [PMID: 30559115 PMCID: PMC6298542 DOI: 10.1101/lm.048199.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic network interactions may underlie individual differences in the ability to remember. The default mode network (DMN) comprises subnetworks implicated in memory, and interactions between the DMN and frontoparietal network (FPN) were shown to support mnemonic processing. However, it is unclear if such interactions during resting-state predict episodic memory ability. We investigated whether intrinsic network interactions within and between the DMN and FPN are related to individual differences in memory performance. Resting-state activity was measured using functional MRI in healthy young adults followed by a memory test for object–location associations that were studied 3 d earlier. We identified two subnetworks within the DMN, the main-DMN and the medial temporal lobe, retrosplenial cortex (MTL_RSC)-DMN. Further, we found regions forming the FPN. Memory performance was associated with lower connectivity within the MTL_RSC-DMN, and stronger connectivity between the main-DMN and FPN. Exploratory whole-brain analysis revealed stronger MTL connectivity with the left posterior parietal cortex that was related to better memory performance. Furthermore, we found increased task-evoked activation during successful retrieval within the main-DMN and FPN, but not within the MTL_RSC-DMN. In sum, lower intrinsic connectivity within the MTL_RSC-DMN, combined with stronger connectivity between the main-DMN and FPN, explain individual differences in memory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariët van Buuren
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella C Wagner
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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30
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Ulrich M, Niemann J, Boland M, Kammer T, Niemann F, Grön G. The neural correlates of flow experience explored with transcranial direct current stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:3223-3237. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Asmal L, du Plessis S, Vink M, Chiliza B, Kilian S, Emsley R. Symptom attribution and frontal cortical thickness in first-episode schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:652-659. [PMID: 27572938 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Misattribution of symptoms is a common feature of schizophrenia, and likely involves impairment of metacognitive function that may be mediated by the frontal cortex. We aimed to compare frontal cortical thickness in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients with matched controls, and investigate its relationship with the symptom attribution dimension of insight in FES patients. METHODS We examined frontal cortical thickness in 92 minimally treated FES patients at baseline presentation and 93 healthy controls aged 16-45 years. We examined for correlations between symptom attribution as determined by the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS) symptom relabeling subscale score and cortical thickness of frontal regions of interest (ROIs). We then examined for an association between symptom attribution and cortical thickness using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS FES patients exhibited significantly reduced cortical thicknesses for a number of frontal regions, namely the left medial orbitofrontal, left superior frontal, left frontal pole, right rostral middle frontal, right lateral orbitofrontal and right superior frontal regions. Reduced cortical thickness in FES patients was associated with symptom misattribution for the left and right rostral middle frontal, left caudal anterior cingulate, right superior frontal, and left and right pars triangularis regions. Reduced left rostral middle frontal thickness and left anterior cingulate thickness remained significant on regression analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that frontal neuroanatomical deficits that are present early in the disease process may be critical to the pathogenesis of symptom attribution in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthijs Vink
- Neuroimaging Research Group, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Bonginkosi Chiliza
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sanja Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robin Emsley
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
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32
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Li R, Zhang S, Yin S, Ren W, He R, Li J. The fronto-insular cortex causally mediates the default-mode and central-executive networks to contribute to individual cognitive performance in healthy elderly. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4302-4311. [PMID: 29974584 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The triple network model that consists of the default-mode network (DMN), central-executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN) has been suggested as a powerful paradigm for investigation of network mechanisms underlying various cognitive functions and brain disorders. A crucial hypothesis in this model is that the fronto-insular cortex (FIC) in the SN plays centrally in mediating interactions between the networks. Using a machine learning approach based on independent component analysis and Bayesian network (BN), this study characterizes the directed connectivity architecture of the triple network and examines the role of FIC in connectivity of the model. Data-driven exploration shows that the FIC initiates influential connections to all other regions to globally control the functional dynamics of the triple network. Moreover, stronger BN connectivity between the FIC and regions of the DMN and the CEN, as well as the increased outflow connections from the FIC are found to predict individual performance in memory and executive tasks. In addition, the posterior cingulate cortex in the DMN was also confirmed as an inflow hub that integrates information converging from other areas. Collectively, the results highlight the central role of FIC in mediating the activity of large-scale networks, which is crucial for individual cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shufei Yin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicong Ren
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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33
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Zaytseva Y, Fajnerová I, Dvořáček B, Bourama E, Stamou I, Šulcová K, Motýl J, Horáček J, Rodriguez M, Španiel F. Theoretical Modeling of Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia by Means of Errors and Corresponding Brain Networks. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1027. [PMID: 30026711 PMCID: PMC6042473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The current evidence of cognitive disturbances and brain alterations in schizophrenia does not provide the plausible explanation of the underlying mechanisms. Neuropsychological studies outlined the cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia, that embodied the substantial disturbances in perceptual and motor processes, spatial functions, verbal and non-verbal memory, processing speed and executive functioning. Standardized scoring in the majority of the neurocognitive tests renders the index scores or the achievement indicating the severity of the cognitive impairment rather than the actual performance by means of errors. At the same time, the quantitative evaluation may lead to the situation when two patients with the same index score of the particular cognitive test, demonstrate qualitatively different performances. This may support the view why test paradigms that habitually incorporate different cognitive variables associate weakly, reflecting an ambiguity in the interpretation of noted cognitive constructs. With minor exceptions, cognitive functions are not attributed to the localized activity but eventuate from the coordinated activity in the generally dispersed brain networks. Functional neuroimaging has progressively explored the connectivity in the brain networks in the absence of the specific task and during the task processing. The spatio-temporal fluctuations of the activity of the brain areas detected in the resting state and being highly reproducible in numerous studies, resemble the activation and communication patterns during the task performance. Relatedly, the activation in the specific brain regions oftentimes is attributed to a number of cognitive processes. Given the complex organization of the cognitive functions, it becomes crucial to designate the roles of the brain networks in relation to the specific cognitive functions. One possible approach is to identify the commonalities of the deficits across the number of cognitive tests or, common errors in the various tests and identify their common "denominators" in the brain networks. The qualitative characterization of cognitive performance might be beneficial in addressing diffuse cognitive alterations presumably caused by the dysconnectivity of the distributed brain networks. Therefore, in the review, we use this approach in the description of standardized tests in the scope of potential errors in patients with schizophrenia with a subsequent reference to the brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Zaytseva
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Eva Bourama
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ilektra Stamou
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Šulcová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Motýl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Filip Španiel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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34
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Yankouskaya A, Humphreys G, Stolte M, Stokes M, Moradi Z, Sui J. An anterior-posterior axis within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex separates self and reward. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1859-1868. [PMID: 29040796 PMCID: PMC5716107 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although theoretical discourse and experimental studies on the self- and reward-biases have a long tradition, currently we have only a limited understanding of how the biases are represented in the brain and, more importantly, how they relate to each other. We used multi-voxel pattern analysis to test for common representations of self and reward in perceptual matching in healthy human subjects. Voxels across an anterior–posterior axis in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) distinguished (i) self–others and (ii) high–low reward, but cross-generalization between these dimensions decreased from anterior to posterior vmPFC. The vmPFC is characterized by a shift from a common currency for value to independent, distributed representations of self and reward across an anterior–posterior axis. This shift reflected changes in functional connectivity between the posterior part of the vmPFC and the frontal pole when processing self-associated stimuli, and the middle frontal gyrus when processing stimuli associated with high reward. The changes in functional connectivity were correlated with behavioral biases, respectively, to the self and reward. The distinct representations of self and reward in the posterior vmPFC are associated with self- and reward-biases in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Yankouskaya
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK
| | - Glyn Humphreys
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Moritz Stolte
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London SW15 5PU, UK
| | - Mark Stokes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Zargol Moradi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Jie Sui
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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35
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Via E, Goldberg X, Sánchez I, Forcano L, Harrison BJ, Davey CG, Pujol J, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Fernández-Aranda F, Soriano-Mas C, Cardoner N, Menchón JM. Self and other body perception in anorexia nervosa: The role of posterior DMN nodes. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:210-224. [PMID: 27873550 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1249951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body image distortion is a core symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN), which involves alterations in self- (and other's) evaluative processes arising during body perception. At a neural level, self-related information is thought to rely on areas of the so-called default mode network (DMN), which, additionally, shows prominent synchronised activity at rest. METHODS Twenty female patients with AN and 20 matched healthy controls were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging when: (a) viewing video clips of their own body and another's body; (b) at rest. Between-group differences within the DMN during task performance were evaluated and further explored for task-related and resting-state-related functional connectivity alterations. RESULTS AN patients showed a hyperactivation of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex during their own-body processing but a response failure to another's body processing at the precuneus and ventral PCC. Increased task-related connectivity was found between dPCC-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus-mid-temporal cortex. Further, AN patients showed decreased resting-state connectivity between the dPCC and the angular gyrus. CONCLUSIONS The PCC and the precuneus are suggested as key components of a network supporting self-other-evaluative processes implicated in body distortion, while the existence of DMN alterations at rest might reflect a sustained, task-independent breakdown within this network in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Via
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Clinical Sciences , School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,c Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The Department of Psychiatry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,d Depression and Anxiety Program, Mental Health Department , Parc Taulí Sabadell University Hospital , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ximena Goldberg
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,d Depression and Anxiety Program, Mental Health Department , Parc Taulí Sabadell University Hospital , Barcelona , Spain.,e CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Laura Forcano
- f Clinical research group in human pharmacology and neuroscience , IMIM Research Institute at the Hospital de Mar , Barcelona , Spain.,g CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ben J Harrison
- c Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The Department of Psychiatry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- c Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The Department of Psychiatry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,h Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jesús Pujol
- i MRI Research Unit , Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM G21 , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Clinical Sciences , School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,g CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,e CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain.,j Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- d Depression and Anxiety Program, Mental Health Department , Parc Taulí Sabadell University Hospital , Barcelona , Spain.,k Department of Psychiatry , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- a Bellvitge University Hospital - Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Clinical Sciences , School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,e CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Barcelona , Spain
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36
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Tu Y, Fang J, Cao J, Wang Z, Park J, Jorgenson K, Lang C, Liu J, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Zhu B, Rong P, Kong J. A distinct biomarker of continuous transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation treatment in major depressive disorder. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:501-508. [PMID: 29398576 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide and poses a socioeconomic burden worldwide. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a promising noninvasive clinical device that may reduce the severity of major depression. However, the neural mechanism underlying continuous tVNS has not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the effect of hypothalamic subregion functional connectivity (FC) changes during continuous tVNS treatment on major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and to identify the potential biomarkers for treatment outcomes. METHODS Forty-one mild to moderate MDD patients were recruited and received either real or sham tVNS treatment for 4 weeks. We used a seed-to-whole brain approach to estimate the FC changes of hypothalamic subregions and their surrounding control areas during continuous tVNS treatment and explored their association with clinical outcome changes after 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS Of the thirty-six patients that completed the study, those in the tVNS group had significantly lower scores on the 24-item Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) Rating Scale compared to the sham tVNS group after 4 weeks of treatment. The FC between the bilateral medial hypothalamus (MH) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) was significantly decreased during tVNS but not during sham tVNS. The strength of this FC was significantly correlated with HAM-D improvements after 4 weeks of tVNS. CONCLUSION The FC between the bilateral MH and rACC may serve as a potential biomarker for the tVNS state and predict treatment responses. Our results provide insights into the neural modulation mechanisms of continuous tVNS and reveal a potential therapeutic target for MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zengjian Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joel Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Jorgenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Courtney Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guolei Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Institution of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institution of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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Truong G, Todd RM. SOAP Opera: Self as Object and Agent in Prioritizing Attention. J Cogn Neurosci 2017; 29:937-952. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that multiple sources of salience tune attentional sets toward aspects of the environment, including affectively and motivationally significant categories of stimuli such as angry faces and reward-associated target locations. Recent evidence further indicates that objects that have gained personal significance through ownership can elicit similar attentional prioritization. Here we discuss current research on sources of attentional prioritization that shape our awareness of the visual world from moment to moment and the underlying neural systems and contextualize what is known about attentional prioritization of our possessions within that research. We review behavioral and neuroimaging research on the influence of self-relevance and ownership on cognition and discuss challenges to this literature stemming from different modes of conceptualizing and operationalizing the self. We argue that ownership taps into both “self-as-object,” which characterizes the self as an object with a constellation of traits and attributes, and “self-as-subject,” which characterizes the self as an agentic perceiver and knower. Despite an abundance of research probing neural and behavioral indices of self-as-object and its effects on attention, there exists a paucity of research on the influence of self-relevance of attention when self is operationalized from the perspective of a first-person subject. To begin to address this gap, we propose the Self as Ownership in Attentional Prioritization (SOAP) framework to explain how ownership increases salience through attention to external representations of self-identity (i.e., self as object) and attention to contextually mediated permission to act (i.e., self as subject).
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38
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Jiang C, Yi L, Su S, Shi C, Long X, Xie G, Zhang L. Diurnal Variations in Neural Activity of Healthy Human Brain Decoded with Resting-State Blood Oxygen Level Dependent fMRI. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:634. [PMID: 28066207 PMCID: PMC5169030 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains an ongoing investigation about how the neural activity alters with the diurnal rhythms in human brain. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) reflects spontaneous activities and/or the endogenous neurophysiological process of the human brain. In the present study, we applied the ReHo (regional homogeneity) and ALFF (amplitude of low frequency fluctuation) based on RS-fMRI to explore the regional differences in the spontaneous cerebral activities throughout the entire brain between the morning and evening sessions within a 24-h time cycle. Wide spread brain areas were found to exhibit diurnal variations, which may be attributed to the internal molecular systems regulated by clock genes, and the environmental factors including light-dark cycle, daily activities and homeostatic sleep drive. Notably, the diurnal variation of default mode network (DMN) suggests that there is an adaptation or compensation response within the subregions of DMN, implying a balance or a decoupling of regulation between these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Jiang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi Su
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen, China
| | - Caiyun Shi
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoxi Xie
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen, China
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Zhang L, vander Meer L, Opmeer EM, Marsman JBC, Ruhé HG, Aleman A. Altered functional connectivity during self- and close other-reflection in patients with bipolar disorder with past psychosis and patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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40
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Ghahremani DG. Craving, prayer, and the brain. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 43:1-3. [PMID: 27712120 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dara G Ghahremani
- a Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimaging , UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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41
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Renes RA, Vink M, van der Weiden A, Prikken M, Koevoets MGJC, Kahn RS, Aarts H, van Haren NEM. Impaired frontal processing during agency inferences in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 248:134-141. [PMID: 26776080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
People generally experience themselves as the cause of outcomes following from their own actions. Such agency inferences occur fluently and are essential to social interaction. However, schizophrenia patients often experience difficulties in distinguishing their own actions from those of others. Building on recent research into the neural substrates underlying agency inferences in healthy individuals, the present study investigates how these inferences are represented on a neural level in patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-one schizophrenia patients and 31 healthy controls performed an agency inference task while functional magnetic resonance images were obtained. Participants were presented with a task wherein the relationship between their actions and the subsequent outcomes was ambiguous. They received instructions to cause specific outcomes to occur by pressing a key, but the task was designed to match or mismatch the color outcome with the participants' goal. Both groups experienced stronger agency when their goal matched (vs. mismatched) the outcome. However, region of interest analyses revealed that only controls showed the expected involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus, whereas in patients the agency experience was not related to brain activation. These findings are discussed in light of a hypofrontality model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Renes
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs Vink
- Department of Psychiatry of the Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Weiden
- Department of Psychiatry of the Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Prikken
- Department of Psychiatry of the Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn G J C Koevoets
- Department of Psychiatry of the Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry of the Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Aarts
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry of the Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kim EJ, Kyeong S, Cho SW, Chun JW, Park HJ, Kim J, Kim J, Dolan RJ, Kim JJ. Happier People Show Greater Neural Connectivity during Negative Self-Referential Processing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149554. [PMID: 26900857 PMCID: PMC4763307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Life satisfaction is an essential component of subjective well-being and provides a fundamental resource for optimal everyday functioning. The goal of the present study was to examine how life satisfaction influences self-referential processing of emotionally valenced stimuli. Nineteen individuals with high life satisfaction (HLS) and 21 individuals with low life satisfaction (LLS) were scanned using functional MRI while performing a face-word relevance rating task, which consisted of 3 types of face stimuli (self, public other, and unfamiliar other) and 3 types of word stimuli (positive, negative, and neutral). We found a significant group x word valence interaction effect, most strikingly in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. In the positive word condition dorsal medial prefrontal cortex activity was significantly higher in the LLS group, whereas in the negative word condition it was significantly higher in the HLS group. The two groups showed distinct functional connectivity of the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex with emotional processing-related regions. The findings suggest that, in response to emotional stimuli, individuals with HLS may successfully recruit emotion regulation-related regions in contrast to individuals with LLS. The difference in functional connectivity during self-referential processing may lead to an influence of life satisfaction on responses to emotion-eliciting stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Kim
- Graduate School of Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyon Kyeong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Cho
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Kim
- Department of Communication, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Raymond J. Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Chien HY, Gau SSF, Isaac Tseng WY. Deficient visuospatial working memory functions and neural correlates of the default-mode network in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2016; 9:1058-1072. [PMID: 26829405 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the essential features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), namely social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors, individuals with ASD may suffer from working memory deficits and an altered default-mode network (DMN). We hypothesized that an altered DMN is related to working memory deficits in those with ASD. A total of 37 adolescents with ASD and 36 age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) controls were analyzed. Visuospatial working memory performance was assessed using pattern recognition memory (PRM), spatial recognition memory (SRM), and paired-associates learning (PAL) tasks. The intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the DMN was indexed by the temporal correlations between the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals of pairs of DMN regions, including those between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and between the PCC and parahippocampi (PHG). The corresponding structural connectivity of the DMN was indexed by the generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) of the dorsal and ventral cingulum bundles on the basis of diffusion spectrum imaging data. The results showed that ASD adolescents exhibited delayed correct responses in PRM and SRM tasks and committed more errors in the PAL task than the TD controls did. The delayed responses during the PRM and SRM tasks were negatively correlated with bilateral PCC-mPFC iFCs, and PAL performance was negatively correlated with right PCC-PHG iFC in ASD adolescents. Furthermore, ASD adolescents showed significant lower GFA in the right cingulum bundles than the TD group did; the GFA value was negatively correlated with SRM performance in ASD. Our results provide empirical evidence for deficient visuospatial working memory and corresponding neural correlates within the DMN in adolescents with ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1058-1072. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yun Chien
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Komulainen E, Heikkilä R, Meskanen K, Raij TT, Nummenmaa L, Lahti J, Jylhä P, Melartin T, Harmer CJ, Isometsä E, Ekelund J. A single dose of mirtazapine attenuates neural responses to self-referential processing. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:23-32. [PMID: 26577062 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115616384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased self-focus is a core factor in the psychopathology of depression. Cortical midline structures (CMS) are implicated in the neurobiology of self, depression and antidepressant treatment response. Mirtazapine, an antidepressant that increases serotonin and norepinephrine release, enhances processing of positive and attenuates processing of negative emotional information in healthy volunteers after a single dose. These early changes, which are opposite to the negative information bias in depression, may be important for the therapeutic effect of mirtazapine. It nevertheless remains unresolved whether/how mirtazapine specifically influences processing of self-referential emotional information.Half of the healthy volunteers (n=15/30) received a single dose of mirtazapine, in an open-label design, two hours before functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the other half was scanned as a control group without medication. During fMRI the participants categorized positive and negative self-referential adjectives.Mirtazapine attenuated responses to self-referential processing in the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Mirtazapine further decreased responses to positive self-referential processing in the posterior cingulate cortex and parietal cortex.These decreased responses of the CMS suggest that mirtazapine may rapidly improve the ability of the CMS to down-regulate self-referential processing. In depressed patients, this could lead to decreased self-focus and rumination, contributing to the antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Komulainen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roope Heikkilä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katarina Meskanen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuukka T Raij
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland Aalto University, School of Science, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Aalto University, School of Science, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Espoo, Finland Turku PET Centre and Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Helsinki, Finland Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jylhä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland National Institute of Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Melartin
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Erkki Isometsä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland National Institute of Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Ekelund
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland Vaasa Hospital District, Department of Psychiatry, Vaasa, Finland
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45
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Pankow A, Katthagen T, Diner S, Deserno L, Boehme R, Kathmann N, Gleich T, Gaebler M, Walter H, Heinz A, Schlagenhauf F. Aberrant Salience Is Related to Dysfunctional Self-Referential Processing in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42. [PMID: 26194892 PMCID: PMC4681553 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dysfunctional differentiation between self-relevant and irrelevant information may affect the perception of environmental stimuli as abnormally salient. The aberrant salience hypothesis assumes that positive symptoms arise from an attribution of salience to irrelevant stimuli accompanied by the feeling of self-relevance. Self-referential processing relies on the activation of cortical midline structures which was demonstrated to be impaired in psychosis. We investigated the neural correlates of self-referential processing, aberrant salience attribution, and the relationship between these 2 measures across the psychosis continuum. METHODS Twenty-nine schizophrenia patients, 24 healthy individuals with subclinical delusional ideation, and 50 healthy individuals participated in this study. Aberrant salience was assessed behaviorally in terms of reaction times to task irrelevant cues. Participants performed a self-reference task during fMRI in which they had to apply neutral trait words to them or to a public figure. The correlation between self-referential processing and aberrant salience attribution was tested. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients displayed increased aberrant salience attribution compared with healthy controls and individuals with subclinical delusional ideation, while the latter exhibited intermediate aberrant salience scores. In the self-reference task, schizophrenia patients showed reduced activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), but individuals with subclinical delusional ideation did not differ from healthy controls. In schizophrenia patients, vmPFC activation correlated negatively with implicit aberrant salience attribution. CONCLUSIONS Higher aberrant salience attribution in schizophrenia patients is related to reduced vmPFC activation during self-referential judgments suggesting that aberrant relevance coding is reflected in decreased neural self-referential processing as well as in aberrant salience attribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pankow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
| | - Teresa Katthagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Diner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Boehme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nobert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Gleich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gaebler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Fellow Group 'Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaption', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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46
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Soravia LM, Witmer JS, Schwab S, Nakataki M, Dierks T, Wiest R, Henke K, Federspiel A, Jann K. Prestimulus default mode activity influences depth of processing and recognition in an emotional memory task. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:924-32. [PMID: 26663662 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Low self-referential thoughts are associated with better concentration, which leads to deeper encoding and increases learning and subsequent retrieval. There is evidence that being engaged in externally rather than internally focused tasks is related to low neural activity in the default mode network (DMN) promoting open mind and the deep elaboration of new information. Thus, reduced DMN activity should lead to enhanced concentration, comprehensive stimulus evaluation including emotional categorization, deeper stimulus processing, and better long-term retention over one whole week. In this fMRI study, we investigated brain activation preceding and during incidental encoding of emotional pictures and on subsequent recognition performance. During fMRI, 24 subjects were exposed to 80 pictures of different emotional valence and subsequently asked to complete an online recognition task one week later. Results indicate that neural activity within the medial temporal lobes during encoding predicts subsequent memory performance. Moreover, a low activity of the default mode network preceding incidental encoding leads to slightly better recognition performance independent of the emotional perception of a picture. The findings indicate that the suppression of internally-oriented thoughts leads to a more comprehensive and thorough evaluation of a stimulus and its emotional valence. Reduced activation of the DMN prior to stimulus onset is associated with deeper encoding and enhanced consolidation and retrieval performance even one week later. Even small prestimulus lapses of attention influence consolidation and subsequent recognition performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Soravia
- Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, 3000, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle S Witmer
- Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, 3000, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.,Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Schwab
- Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, 3000, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Dierks
- Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, 3000, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 4, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Henke
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.,Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, 3000, Switzerland
| | - Kay Jann
- Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Bern, 3000, Switzerland.,Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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47
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Berlingeri M, Ravasio A, Cranna S, Basilico S, Sberna M, Bottini G, Paulesu E. Unrealistic representations of “the self”: A cognitive neuroscience assessment of anosognosia for memory deficit. Conscious Cogn 2015; 37:160-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Allebone J, Rayner G, Siveges B, Wilson SJ. Altered self-identity and autobiographical memory in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2015; 56:1982-91. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Allebone
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Genevieve Rayner
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Benjamin Siveges
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Sarah J. Wilson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Victoria Australia
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program; Austin Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Zaytseva Y, Szymanski C, Gutyrchik E, Pechenkova E, Vlasova R, Wittmann M. A disembodied man: A case of somatopsychic depersonalization in schizotypal disorder. Psych J 2015; 4:186-98. [PMID: 26571072 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the general concept of self-disturbances in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, somatopsychic depersonalization (SPD) occupies a special place as it constitutes a syndrome that comprises feelings of detachment from one's own body and mental processes. However, apart from clinical descriptions, to date the pathophysiology of SPD is not fully understood due to the rareness of the syndrome and a lack of experimental studies. In a case study of one patient with schizotypal disorder, we applied a multimodal approach to understanding the SPD phenomena. The patient's clinical profile was identified as disruption of implicit bodily function, accompanied by depressive symptoms. On a neuropsychological level, the patient exhibited impairment in executive functioning, intact tactile perception and kinesthetic praxis. Behavioral tests revealed an altered sense of time but unimpaired self-agency. Furthermore, the patient exhibited a lack of empathy and he had autistic traits, although with a sufficient ability to verbalize his feelings. On the neurobiological level using an active and passive touch paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found a hyperconnectivity of the default-mode network and salience network and a hypoconnectivity of the central executive brain networks in the performance of the touch task as well as intact perceptual touch processing emerging from the direct comparisons of the touch conditions. Our data provide evidence for the important role of altered large-brain network functioning in SPD that corresponds to the specific behavioral and neurocognitive phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Zaytseva
- Department of National IT System of Mental Health and Brain Monitoring, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Human Science Centre and Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Outpatient Psychiatry and Organization for Psychiatric Care, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Caroline Szymanski
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeny Gutyrchik
- Human Science Centre and Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rosa Vlasova
- National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marc Wittmann
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Freiburg, Germany
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Ulrich M, Keller J, Grön G. Neural signatures of experimentally induced flow experiences identified in a typical fMRI block design with BOLD imaging. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 11:496-507. [PMID: 26508774 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, experimentally induced flow experiences have been demonstrated with perfusion imaging during activation blocks of 3 min length to accommodate with the putatively slowly evolving "mood" characteristics of flow. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a sample of 23 healthy, male participants to investigate flow in the context of a typical fMRI block design with block lengths as short as 30 s. To induce flow, demands of arithmetic tasks were automatically and continuously adjusted to the individual skill level. Compared against conditions of boredom and overload, experience of flow was evident from individuals' reported subjective experiences and changes in electrodermal activity. Neural activation was relatively increased during flow, particularly in the anterior insula, inferior frontal gyri, basal ganglia and midbrain. Relative activation decreases during flow were observed in medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex, and in the medial temporal lobe including the amygdala. Present findings suggest that even in the context of comparably short activation blocks flow can be reliably experienced and is associated with changes in neural activation of brain regions previously described. Possible mechanisms of interacting brain regions are outlined, awaiting further investigation which should now be possible given the greater temporal resolution compared with previous perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ulrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm and
| | - Johannes Keller
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Grön
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm and
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