Synthesis of organophosphorus derivatives of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol

Cryoprotective activity of phosphorus-containing phenol

The antioxidant and cryoprotective efficiencies of a 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylenediphosphonic acid (MDPA) differ significantly for sperm cells of various species of sturgeon fish (Russian sturgeon, beluga and Stellate sturgeon). The ability of phosphorus-containing phenol MDPA to decrease the level of lipid peroxidation of sperm, beneficial effect on the activity indicators of the sperm of native sturgeon and of the defrosted one after deep freezing as well as on the fertility of sperm cells was shown.

Hybrid metal complexes with opposed biological modes of action – promising selective drug candidates

The oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The antioxidative defense system in the living organism regulates the toxic impact of ROS and there is strong evidence that the antioxidants prevent some pathologies including cancer. The specific chemical properties of metal-based drugs impart innovative pharmacological profiles to this type of therapeutic agents, most likely in relation to novel biomolecular mechanisms. This review will focus on a novel approach to design polyfunctional metal-based physiollogically active compounds with opposed modes of action – prooxidant metal center and antioxidant 2,6-dialkylphenol group. The synthesis and anti/prooxidant activity and cytotoxicity studies of novel organometallic/coordination compounds (ferrocenes, complexes with di-(2-picolyl)amine ligand, porphyrins, pyridines, thiols, carboxylates) based on either biogenic metals (Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni) or exogenic metals (Sn, Au, Rh) are presented and discussed. The results allow us to conclude that combining in one molecule a redox active metal center and cytoprotective functional organic moiety with antioxidative function is a promising way to rational metallodrug design in modern medicinal chemistry.

Methylidynetrisphosphonates: Promising C1 building block for the design of phosphate mimetics

Methylidynetrisphosphonates are representatives of geminal polyphosphonates bearing three phosphonate (PO3H2) groups at the bridged carbon atom. Like well-known methylenebisphosphonates (BPs), they are characterized by a P-C-P backbone structure and are chemically stable mimetics of the endogenous metabolites, i.e., inorganic pyrophosphates (PPi). Because of its analogy to PPi and an ability to chelate metal ions, the 1,1,1-trisphosphonate structure is of great potential as a C1 building block for the design of phosphate mimetics. The purpose of this review is to present a concise summary of the state of the art in trisphosphonate chemistry with particular emphasis on the synthesis, structure, reactions, and potential medicinal applications of these compounds.