1
|
Myrzamatova AO, Kontsevaya AV, Gorny BE, Drapkina OM. Population-based preventive measures aimed at reducing alcohol consumption: international practice and prospects for escalating measures in the Russian Federation. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To conduct a review of international studies and guidelines on the implementation of population-based preventive measures aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, and identify measures recommended by the World Health Organization, which have the potential for use in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. We used the following databases: PubMed, Science Citation Index, Scopus, The Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews. The review includes systematic and non-systematic studies of measures related to alcohol consumption. The effectiveness of the identified measures was assessed according to the following criteria: behavioral changes (consumption/sales/level); incidence changes; mortality changes.Results. According to international practice of population-based prevention, effective measures that can be implemented in the Russian Federation include reducing the blood alcohol concentration legal driving limit, increasing the minimum legal drinking age, a complete ban on alcohol advertising, and a further increase in excise taxes.Conclusion. In the Russian Federation, significant progress has been achieved in implementing alcohol restriction measures, which has led to a reduction in its consumption and related consequences. Despite this, levels of alcohol consumption remain high and the potential for introducing population-based measures to reduce it has not been exhausted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. O. Myrzamatova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. V. Kontsevaya
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - B. E. Gorny
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Robinson M, Bouttell J, Lewsey J, Mackay D, McCartney G, Beeston C. The short-term impact of the alcohol act on alcohol-related deaths and hospital admissions in Scotland: a natural experiment. Addiction 2018; 113:429-439. [PMID: 28876499 PMCID: PMC5836928 DOI: 10.1111/add.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The introduction of the Alcohol Act in Scotland on 1 October 2011, which included a ban on multi-buy promotions, was probably associated with a fall in off-trade alcohol sales in the year after its implementation. The aim of this study was to test if the same legislation was associated with reduced levels of alcohol-related deaths and hospital admissions in the 3-year period after its introduction. DESIGN A natural experiment design using time-series data to assess the impact of the Alcohol Act legislation in Scotland. Comparisons were made with unexposed populations in the rest of Great Britain. SETTING Scotland with comparable data obtained for geographical control groups in other parts of Great Britain. PARTICIPANTS For alcohol-related deaths, a total of 17 732 in Scotland and 88 001 in England and Wales throughout 169 4-week periods between January 2001 and December 2013 and for alcohol-related hospital admissions, a total of 121 314 in Scotland and 696 892 in England throughout 182 4-week periods between January 2001 and December 2014. MEASUREMENTS Deaths and hospital admissions in Scotland and control groups that were wholly attributable to alcohol for consecutive 4-week periods between January 2001 and December 2014. Data were obtained by age, sex and area-based socio-economic position. FINDINGS There was no evidence to suggest that the Alcohol Act was associated with changes in the overall rate of alcohol-related deaths [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91-1.07)] or hospital admissions (IRR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95-1.02) in Scotland. In control group analyses, the pseudo intervention variable was not associated with a change in alcohol-related death rates in England/Wales (IRR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95-1.02), but was associated with an increase in alcohol-related hospital admission rates in England (IRR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03-1.07). In combined models, the interaction analysis did not provide support for a 'net effect' of the legislation on alcohol-related deaths in Scotland compared with England/Wales (IRR 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95-1.04), but suggested a net reduction in hospital admissions for Scotland compared with England (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87-0.98). CONCLUSION The implementation of the Alcohol Act in Scotland has not been associated clearly with a reduction in alcohol-related deaths or hospital admissions in the 3-year period after it was implemented in October 2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robinson
- Public Health Science DirectorateNHS Health ScotlandGlasgowUK
| | - Janet Bouttell
- Institute of Health and WellbeingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - James Lewsey
- Institute of Health and WellbeingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Daniel Mackay
- Institute of Health and WellbeingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Gerry McCartney
- Public Health Science DirectorateNHS Health ScotlandGlasgowUK
| | - Clare Beeston
- Public Health Science DirectorateNHS Health ScotlandGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hobday M, Lensvelt E, Gordon E, Liang W, Meuleners L, Chikritzhs T. Distance travelled to purchase alcohol and the mediating effect of price. Public Health 2017; 144:48-56. [PMID: 28274384 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little research has been done into the distance travelled by consumers to purchase alcohol, whether this is influenced by demographic characteristics or drinking levels of consumers, and the effect of price on purchase distance. This study aimed to explore distances drinkers were prepared to travel to purchase alcohol at on- and off-site outlets and how these decisions were affected by price discounting. STUDY DESIGN Online survey. METHODS The study, including 831 alcohol consumers aged 18 years and older living in Australian capital cities, was undertaken in 2012. The survey was used to gather data on the distances which participants anticipated that they usually travelled to purchase alcohol. The data provided insight into which factors influence where participants would choose to purchase alcohol and the possible effects of price discounts on purchase distance. RESULTS Most participants would choose to travel less than 10 km to purchase alcohol. Data indicated that price discounting might increase the purchase distance that most participants would be prepared to travel to purchase alcohol; this was more marked regarding off-site outlets and among high-risk drinking groups including young males and participants with risky drinking levels. CONCLUSIONS Price discounting affects hypothetical purchase distance choices, indicating the importance of price when implementing alcohol control policies. Purchase distance might be more affected by price discounting among consumers visiting off-site outlets, but less useful when exploring associations with on-site outlets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hobday
- National Drug Research Institute, Health Research Campus, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - E Lensvelt
- National Drug Research Institute, Health Research Campus, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - E Gordon
- National Drug Research Institute, Health Research Campus, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - W Liang
- National Drug Research Institute, Health Research Campus, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - L Meuleners
- Curtin-Monash Accident Research Centre, 7 Parker Place, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| | - T Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Health Research Campus, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Greenland SJ, Johnson L, Seifi S. Tobacco manufacturer brand strategy following plain packaging in Australia: implications for social responsibility and policy. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/srj-09-2015-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to inform social responsibility and social policy by describing the brand strategy of Australia’s largest tobacco manufacturer, British American Tobacco Australia (BATA), the year following the introduction of plain packaging and other regulation. Tobacco controls are a proven catalyst for reducing smoking, but manufacturers adapt swiftly seeking to minimise the impact of regulatory change.
Design/methodology/approach
BATA’s strategy was determined using 2012-2014 tobacco ingredient reports, recommended retail price lists and a supermarket retail audit.
Findings
The research identified over 70 BATA brand variants, offered in diverse packaging options, with new products and modified names appearing since 2012. In total 14 main brands are highly differentiated by price, with 45 per cent difference between the cheapest and the most expensive. Volume discounting occurs across packaging ranges, with twin packs offering best value and prices up to 10 per cent lower than those of single packs.
Originality/value
The research originality stems from the triangulation of three different data resources to establish brand strategy following increased regulation. The study confirms ongoing market segmentation using highly differentiated ranges, and it reveals the unintended consequences of corporate responses to regulation. Evolving variant names communicate product information and imagery previously imparted by pack design. Pricing strategies enable smokers to offset substantial excise increases through brand switching and volume buying. The research, therefore, reveals the potential for regulating these as yet unrestricted elements to enhance the impact of plain packaging and other tobacco controls, thereby further reducing the social impact of smoking.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jones SC, Barrie L, Gregory P, Allsop S, Chikritzhs T. The influence of price-related point-of-sale promotions on bottle shop purchases of young adults. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 34:170-6. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Jones
- Centre for Health and Social Research (CHaSR); Australian Catholic University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Lance Barrie
- Centre for Health Initiatives; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Parri Gregory
- Centre for Health Initiatives; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Steve Allsop
- National Drug Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Australia
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute; Curtin University; Perth Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nakamura R, Suhrcke M, Pechey R, Morciano M, Roland M, Marteau TM. Impact on alcohol purchasing of a ban on multi-buy promotions: a quasi-experimental evaluation comparing Scotland with England and Wales. Addiction 2014; 109:558-67. [PMID: 24251415 PMCID: PMC4227589 DOI: 10.1111/add.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the impact of the 2011 Scottish ban on multi-buy promotions of alcohol in retail stores. DESIGN AND SETTING Difference-in-differences analysis was used to estimate the impact of the ban on the volume of alcohol purchased by Scottish households, compared with those in England and Wales, between January 2010 and June 2012. PARTICIPANTS A total of 22 356 households in Scotland, England and Wales. MEASUREMENTS Records of alcohol purchasing from each of four categories (beer and cider, wine, spirits and flavoured alcoholic beverages), as well as total volume of pure alcohol purchased. FINDINGS Controlling for general time trends and household heterogeneity, there was no significant effect of the multi-buy ban in Scotland on volume of alcohol purchased either for the whole population or for individual socio-economic groups. There was also no significant effect on those who were large pre-ban purchasers of alcohol. Most multi-buys were for beer and cider or for wine. The frequency of shopping trips involving beer and cider purchases increased by 9.2% following the ban (P < 0.01), while the number of products purchased on each trip decreased by 8.1% (P < 0.01). For wine, however, these effects were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Banning multi-buy promotions for alcohol in Scotland did not reduce alcohol purchasing in the short term. Wider regulation of price promotion and price may be needed to achieve this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nakamura
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK,Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East AngliaNorwich, UK,School of Economics, University of East AngliaNorwich, UK
| | - Marc Suhrcke
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK,Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East AngliaNorwich, UK
| | - Rachel Pechey
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Marcello Morciano
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East AngliaNorwich, UK,Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of EssexColchester, UK
| | - Martin Roland
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Theresa M Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruhm CJ, Jones AS, McGeary KA, Kerr WC, Terza JV, Greenfield TK, Pandian RS. What U.S. data should be used to measure the price elasticity of demand for alcohol? JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2012; 31:851-62. [PMID: 23022631 PMCID: PMC3484209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines how estimates of the price elasticity of demand for beer vary with the choice of alcohol price series examined. Our most important finding is that the commonly used ACCRA price data are unlikely to reliably indicate alcohol demand elasticities-estimates obtained from this source vary drastically and unpredictably. As an alternative, researchers often use beer taxes to proxy for alcohol prices. While the estimated beer taxes elasticities are more stable, there are several problems with using taxes, including difficulties in accounting for cross-price effects. We believe that the most useful estimates reported in this paper are obtained using annual Uniform Product Code (UPC) "barcode" scanner data on grocery store alcohol prices. These estimates suggest relatively low demand elasticity, probably around -0.3, with evidence that the elasticities are considerably overstated in models that control for beer but not wine or spirits prices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Ruhm
- Corresponding author: Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, University of Virginia, 204 Garrett Hall, P.O. Box 400893, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4893
| | - Alison Snow Jones
- Department of Health Management & Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Kerry Anne McGeary
- Department of Economics and Global Health Institute, Ball State University, 2000 W. University Ave., Muncie, IN 47306
| | - William C. Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608-1010
| | - Joseph V. Terza
- Department of Economics, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | | | - Ravi S. Pandian
- Department of Health Management & Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
JONES SANDRAC, BARRIE LANCE, ROBINSON LAURA, ALLSOP STEVE, CHIKRITZHS TANYA. Point-of-sale alcohol promotions in the Perth and Sydney metropolitan areas. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012; 31:803-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Patra J, Giesbrecht N, Rehm J, Bekmuradov D, Popova S. Are Alcohol Prices and Taxes an Evidence-Based Approach to Reducing Alcohol-Related Harm and Promoting Public Health and Safety? A Literature Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/009145091203900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This literature review examines alcohol prices and taxes as potential prevention strategies—examining the links with high-risk drinking and drinking patterns and alcohol-related harm. A literature search of the studies on alcohol price and taxation was conducted using multiple electronic bibliographic databases. Examined outcomes were a) drinking patterns and high risk drinking; and b) harm from alcohol. Fifty-four relevant studies were evaluated, and the majority found that a change in price or taxes on alcohol had an impact on one or more of the two main outcome variables. Significant variations exist across studies in terms of designs, settings, effects across groups, and types of harm. In order to reduce alcohol-related trauma, chronic disease, and other consequences of high-risk drinking, an increase in pricing/taxation is a central component of an overall alcohol strategy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cawley J, Ruhm CJ. The Economics of Risky Health Behaviors11We thank the editors of this Handbook, Pedro Pita Barros, Tom McGuire, and Mark Pauly, for their feedback and helpful guidance. We also thank the other authors in this volume for their valuable feedback and comments at the Authors’ Conference, and we are grateful to Abigail Friedman for transcribing the comments at that conference. HANDBOOK OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53592-4.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|