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Mishra R. Oral tumor heterogeneity, its implications for patient monitoring and designing anti-cancer strategies. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154953. [PMID: 38039738 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer tumors occur in the mouth and are mainly derived from oral mucosa linings. It is one of the most common and fatal malignant diseases worldwide. The intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of oral cancerous tumor is vast, so it is challenging to study and interpret. Due to environmental selection pressures, ITH arises through diverse genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic alterations. The ITH also talks about peri-tumoral vascular/ lymphatic growth, perineural permeation, tumor necrosis, invasion, and clonal expansion/ the coexistence of multiple subclones in a single tumor. The heterogeneity offers tumors the adaptability to survive, induce growth/ metastasis, and, most importantly, escape antitumor therapy. Unfortunately, the ITH is prioritized less in determining disease pathology than the traditional TNM classifications or tumor grade. Understanding ITH is challenging, but with the advancement of technology, this ITH can be decoded. Tumor genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other modern analyses can provide vast information. This information in clinics can assist in understanding a tumor's severity and be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decision-making. Lastly, the oral tumor ITH can lead to individualized, targeted therapy strategies fighting against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kamre, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India.
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Wan M, Yang X, He L, Meng H. Elucidating the clonal relationship of esophageal second primary tumors in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:75. [PMID: 38017473 PMCID: PMC10685475 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer ranks as the second most prevalent upper airway malignancy, following Lung cancer. Although some progress has been made in managing laryngeal cancer, the 5-year survival rate is disappointing. The gradual increase in the incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs) plays a crucial role in determining survival outcomes during long-term follow-up, and the esophagus was the most common site with a worse prognosis. In clinical practice, the treatment of esophageal second primary tumors (ESPT) in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has always been challenging. For patients with synchronous tumors, several treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and potentially curative surgery are necessary but are typically poorly tolerated. Secondary cancer therapy options for metachronous patients are always constrained by index cancer treatment indications. Therefore, understanding the clonal origin of the second primary tumor may be an important issue in the treatment of patients. LSCC cells demonstrate genetic instability because of two distinct aetiologies (human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative and HPV-positive) disease. Various etiologies exhibit distinct oncogenic mechanisms, which subsequently impact the tissue microenvironment. The condition of the tissue microenvironment plays a crucial role in determining the destiny and clonal makeup of mutant cells during the initial stages of tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the genetic advances of LSCC, the current research status of SPT, and the influence of key carcinogenesis of HPV-positive and HPV-negative LSCC on clonal evolution of ESPT cells. The objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis underlying the clonal origins of SPT, thereby offering novel perspectives for future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixuan Wan
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Precision Medicine Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Stomatology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongxue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Cai X, Zhang J, Jing F, Zhou X, Zhang H, Li T. Clinical and prognostic features of multiple primary cancers with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 149:105661. [PMID: 36857878 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic features of multiple primary cancers (MPC) following oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). DESIGN Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database were analyzed to determine the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of multiple subsequent sites, difference in clinical and prognostic features between MPC and single primary OSCC. RESULTS The sites with the highest SIRs were the oral cavity (SIR = 69.48), other oral cavity and pharynx (SIR=55.46), pharynx (SIR=39.21), tonsils (SIR=33.52), trachea (SIR=33.24), esophagus (SIR=18.00), and larynx (SIR=13.12). The 5- and 10-year survival rates for single primary OSCC were 57.9% (95% CI: 56.7-59.2%) and 47.1% (95% CI: 45.7-48.6%), respectively, while those for MPC were 66.9% (95% CI: 64.6-69.4%) and 42.2% (95% CI: 39.5-45.2%), respectively. The mean age of MPC patients was significantly higher than that of single primary OSCC patients. MPC are more common in the gums and other sites of the oral cavity, and more likely to be detected in early TNM stage and pathological grade. Age, site, T-stage, and N-stage were significantly associated with prognosis of MPC. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in clinical and prognostic features were found between MPC and single primary OSCC. Considering MPC has a poor long-term prognosis, it is necessary to identify MPC and single primary OSCC early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Cai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, PR China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, PR China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Fengyang Jing
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, PR China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, PR China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Heyu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, PR China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, PR China.
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Gissi DB, Gabusi A, Tarsitano A, Asioli S, Rossi R, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP, Morandi L. Application of a non-invasive oral brushing procedure based on bisulfite sequencing of a 13-gene panel to study high-risk OSCC patients. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:499-510. [PMID: 32568174 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A non-invasive sampling procedure for the early detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes was applied in 4 different OSCC risk-group of patients. Aim of the study is to evaluate the between-group differences and the variables related to the methylation profile of each group. METHODS Oral brushing samples were collected from 54 healthy subjects, 31 Oral Leukoplakia (OL) patients, 18 Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) patients and 26 patients previously treated for OSCC. Each sample was considered positive or negative in relation to a predefined cut-off value. RESULTS None of the samples from 54 healthy subjects were positive, whereas 22/31 OL, 3/18 OLP and 8/26 surgically treated OSCC samples showed positive values with respect to the cut-off. In OL patients, dysplasia was the only variable significantly related to positive values: 10/10 OLs with high-grade dysplasia were positive with respect to 12/21 OLs without dysplasia (Chi 6.039, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION DNA methylation analysis in epithelial cells collected by oral brushing seems to be a promising genetic method to distinguish lesions at high risk of developing OSCC. Larger population studies and an adequate follow-up period are necessary to confirm these preliminary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide B Gissi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gabusi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Section of Maxillo-facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rossi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Section of Maxillo-facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria P Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Toratani S, Ogawa I, Sasahara H, Yoshioka Y, Kanda T, Tani R, Okamoto T. Pathological factors involved in local failure in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: retrospective study and proposal of a new clinical classification. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:143-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Gabusi A, Gissi DB, Tarsitano A, Asioli S, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP, Morandi L. Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Recurrent Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: New Perspectives Afforded by Multiregion DNA Sequencing and mtDNA Analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 77:440-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Complications After Treatment of Head and Neck Venous Malformations With Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate Foam. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 28:e388-e392. [PMID: 28328612 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000003723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate complications in patients with head and neck venous malformations (VMs) treated with foam sclerotherapy using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS). METHODS The authors retrospectively evaluated the complications, pain. and degree of satisfaction in 69 consecutive patients affected by cervicofacial VM managed with STS using the Tessari method in a single institution. RESULTS The average number of procedures for each patient was 2.1. The most frequent complication was blistering. We observed 1 patient of temporary weakness of a facial nerve branch, 1 paradoxical embolism, and 1 orbital compartment syndrome.The average pain score was 0 (no pain at all) (51.5%). There was no statistically significant correlation between patient satisfaction and the presence of complications or the degree of pain. CONCLUSIONS Sclerotherapy with STS is an effective treatment that yields to very high patient satisfaction. This procedure has an overall low complication rate and is usually effective within a few sessions. However, severe complications may occur; these must be pointed out in the informed consent and the surgeon must be aware of and ready to quickly treat them to prevent long-term sequelae.
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Liu Z, Chai T, Zhang Y, Chu A, Liang B, Guo X, Guo Z, Song R, Hou G, Yuan J, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Identification of abnormal nuclear and mitochondrial genes in esophageal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2817-2826. [PMID: 29257265 PMCID: PMC5783496 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to detect the mutation characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Eca109 of Ec9706 cells, and to investigate their association with the nuclear genome (nDNA), thus providing a basis for gene targeting therapies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In vitro-cultured Ec9706 and Eca109 cells were analyzed the changes of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (INDELs), copy number variation, and structure variation (SV) of their genome by high-throughput sequencing. The loci with SV on chromosome 1–12 of the two ESCC cell lines were ≥5% of the mtDNA, but SV on chromosome 13–22, X and Y was ≤3%; >40% of loci exhibited gain or loss; intergenic loci with INDEL changes and SNP features accounted for the majority of mutations. The affected genes encoded proteins including nDNA-encoding intra-mitochondrial-transporting proteins, ATP energy generation-associated proteins and mitochondrial electron respiratory chain proteins, and these proteins were all nucleus-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The transcription, duplication, and translation of the abnormally expressed mtDNA in Ec9706 and Eca109 cells were closely associated with disorders of nuclear DNA products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Ting Chai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Alan Chu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Ge Hou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Jinjin Yuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Yaohe Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Clonal analysis as a prognostic factor in multiple oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2017; 67:131-137. [PMID: 28351567 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel classification based on molecular methods to assess clonality defines three types of secondary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): second primary tumour (SPT) independent from the index tumour, local recurrence (LR), clonally related to the primary tumour, and second field tumour (SFT), derived from the same genetically altered mucosal field as the primary tumour. The present study applied mtDNA analysis in a group of patients experiencing a second loco-regional neoplastic manifestation. The purpose was to differentiate secondary tumours into LRs, SPTs and SFTs and evaluate the prognostic impact in terms of survival rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population comprised 23 patients who experienced a second neoplastic lesion after a surgical resection of primary OSCC. mtDNA D-loop analysis was applied in paired neoplastic lesions and in clinically and histologically normal mucosa. On the basis of mtDNA results, the second OSCC was classified as LR or SPT or SFT. Disease-free survival was defined as the duration between the appearance of the second neoplastic lesion and death of disease, or last follow-up visit. RESULTS Seven secondary tumours were classified as LR, 12 as SFT, 4 as SPT. An altered mucosal field proved a variable significantly related to a better survival rate (p<0.05); 2/12 (16.6%) SFT events failed as compared to 5/7 LRs (71.4%) and 3/4 SPTs (75%). CONCLUSION mtDNA analysis may be considered a useful tool to differentiate secondary tumours and might influence the choice of the most appropriate treatment in patients with multiple OSCCs.
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Asioli S, Morandi L, Cavatorta C, Cucchi M, Foschini M. The impact of field cancerization on the extent of duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in breast tissue after conservative excision. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2016; 42:1806-1813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mitochondrial D310 mutation as clonal marker for solid tumors. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:595-602. [PMID: 26276353 PMCID: PMC4656708 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple tumors, either synchronous or metachronous, can have metastatic disease or suffer from multiple independent primary tumors. While proper diagnosis of these patients is important for prognosis and treatment, this can be challenging using only clinical and histological criteria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of mitochondrial D310 mutation analysis in diagnostic questions regarding tumor clonality for a wide range of tumor types. Sanger sequencing of D310 was performed on a diagnostic cohort of 382 patients with 857 tumors that were previously analyzed using routine molecular analysis on genomic DNA. The D310 mononucleotide repeat was frequently somatically mutated (56/321, 17 %) in several tumor types, including breast, head and neck, gynecological, lung, colorectal, and skin tumors. For 84/327 (26 %) patients, a D310 mutation was detected in at least one of their tumors; for these patients, D310 can be used to determine the clonal relationship between their multiple tumors. Clonality assessments based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and routine genomic DNA analysis were concordant in 52/73 (71 %) patients. We conclude that D310 mutation status might aid in determining clonality of clinically challenging synchronous or metachronous tumors. To this end, next generation sequencing targeted genomic DNA assays should be complemented with mtDNA markers, such as the D310 repeat.
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Kloss-Brandstätter A, Weissensteiner H, Erhart G, Schäfer G, Forer L, Schönherr S, Pacher D, Seifarth C, Stöckl A, Fendt L, Sottsas I, Klocker H, Huck CW, Rasse M, Kronenberg F, Kloss FR. Validation of Next-Generation Sequencing of Entire Mitochondrial Genomes and the Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135643. [PMID: 26262956 PMCID: PMC4532422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is mainly caused by smoking and alcohol abuse and shows a five-year survival rate of ~50%. We aimed to explore the variation of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in primary oral tumors, recurrences and metastases. METHODS We performed an in-depth validation of mtDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform for its application to cancer tissues, with the goal to detect low-level heteroplasmies and to avoid artifacts. Therefore we genotyped the mitochondrial genome (16.6 kb) from 85 tissue samples (tumors, recurrences, resection edges, metastases and blood) collected from 28 prospectively recruited OSCC patients applying both Sanger sequencing and high-coverage NGS (~35,000 reads per base). RESULTS We observed a strong correlation between Sanger sequencing and NGS in estimating the mixture ratio of heteroplasmies (r = 0.99; p<0.001). Non-synonymous heteroplasmic variants were enriched among cancerous tissues. The proportions of somatic and inherited variants in a given gene region were strongly correlated (r = 0.85; p<0.001). Half of the patients shared mutations between benign and cancerous tissue samples. Low level heteroplasmies (<10%) were more frequent in benign samples compared to tumor samples, where heteroplasmies >10% were predominant. Four out of six patients who developed a local tumor recurrence showed mutations in the recurrence that had also been observed in the primary tumor. Three out of five patients, who had tumor metastases in the lymph nodes of their necks, shared mtDNA mutations between primary tumors and lymph node metastases. The percentage of mutation heteroplasmy increased from the primary tumor to lymph node metastases. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Sanger sequencing is valid for heteroplasmy quantification for heteroplasmies ≥10% and that NGS is capable of reliably detecting and quantifying heteroplasmies down to the 1%-level. The finding of shared mutations between primary tumors, recurrences and metastasis indicates a clonal origin of malignant cells in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Database and Information Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gertraud Erhart
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Database and Information Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Database and Information Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominic Pacher
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Database and Information Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christof Seifarth
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Stöckl
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Liane Fendt
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irma Sottsas
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W. Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Rasse
- Department for Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank R. Kloss
- Department for Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Gleber-Netto FO, Braakhuis BJM, Triantafyllou A, Takes RP, Kelner N, Rodrigo JP, Strojan P, Vander Poorten V, Rapidis AD, Rinaldo A, Brakenhoff RH, Ferlito A, Kowalski LP. Molecular events in relapsed oral squamous cell carcinoma: Recurrence vs. secondary primary tumor. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:738-44. [PMID: 25987307 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Relapses have a great impact on both the morbidity and mortality rates of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Current classification criteria are imprecise and need improvements. Recent advances in understanding of OSCC relapses on a molecular level provide new possibilities to better classify true recurrences and second primary tumors. This review discusses the limitations of the current OSCC relapse classification method and presents possible alternatives to improve this classification based on molecular techniques. Moreover, these molecular techniques add to the further understanding of these lesions and may provide tools for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico O Gleber-Netto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Boudewijn J M Braakhuis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asterios Triantafyllou
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool and Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Kelner
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, Section Head and Neck Oncology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander D Rapidis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Greek Anticancer Institute, Saint Savvas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group
| | - Luiz P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology on Oncogenomics (INCITO), São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Morandi L, Tarsitano A, Gissi D, Leonardi E, Balbi T, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP. Clonality analysis in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and related lymph-node metastasis revealed by TP53 and mitochondrial DNA next generation sequencing analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 43:208-13. [PMID: 25530302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chance of developing a neck nodal metastasis after initial treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma varies from 12.4% to 62%. Despite being the main reason for cancer-related mortality, nodal metastases are still rarely subjected to molecular analyses, and our knowledge of the clonal heterogeneity of multiple lesions within the same patient is limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between primary oral cancer and lymph node metastasis in a series of patients with synchronous and metachronous metastases by 2 clonality tests: mt-DNA and TP53 sequence analysis. The study population consisted of 10 consecutive patients. Data identified in this study demonstrate that our assay based on next-generation analysis of TP53 and mt-DNA is simple, is reliable, allows high throughput, and may be applied to retrospective cases. The combination of mt-DNA and TP53 data analysis helped us to evaluate more precisely and consistently the genetic relationship among different tumor clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi" at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Gissi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Leonardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi" at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Balbi
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuro-motor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi" at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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