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Diaz-Gonzalez F, Sacedo-Gutiérrez JM, Twigg SRF, Calpena E, Carceller-Benito FE, Parrón-Pajares M, Santos-Simarro F, Heath KE. Case report: A third variant in the 5' UTR of TWIST1 creates a novel upstream translation initiation site in a child with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 13:1089417. [PMID: 36685936 PMCID: PMC9845400 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1089417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, a craniosynostosis syndrome characterized by the premature closure of the coronal sutures, dysmorphic facial features and limb anomalies, is caused by haploinsufficiency of TWIST1. Although the majority of variants localize in the coding region of the gene, two variants in the 5' UTR have been recently reported to generate novel upstream initiation codons. Methods: Skeletal dysplasia Next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was used for genetic analysis in a patient with bicoronal synostosis, facial dysmorphisms and limb anomalies. The variant pathogenicity was assessed by a luciferase reporter promoter assay. Results: Here, we describe the identification of a third ATG-creating de novo variant, c.-18C>T, in the 5' UTR of TWIST1 in the patient with a clinical diagnosis of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. It was predicted to create an out-of-frame new upstream translation initiation codon resulting in a 40 amino acid larger functionally inactive protein. We performed luciferase reporter promoter assays to demonstrate that the variant does indeed reduce translation from the main open reading frame. Conclusion: This is the third variant identified in this region and confirms the introduction of upstream ATGs in the 5' UTR of TWIST1 as a pathogenic mechanism in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. This case report shows the necessity for performing functional characterization of variants of unknown significance within national health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Diaz-Gonzalez
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain,Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier M. Sacedo-Gutiérrez
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen R. F. Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando E. Carceller-Benito
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Parrón-Pajares
- Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain,Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen E. Heath
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain,Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE) and ERN-BOND, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U753), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Karen E. Heath,
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Coursimault J, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Cassinari K, Brischoux-Boucher E, Saugier-Veber P, Goldenberg A, Lecoquierre F, Drouot N, Richard AC, Vera G, Coutant S, Quenez O, Rolain M, Bonnet C, Bronner M, Lecourtois M, Nicolas G. uORF-introducing variants in the 5'UTR of the NIPBL gene as a cause of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1239-1248. [PMID: 35446447 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a clinically-recognizable rare developmental disorder. About 70% of patients carry a missense or loss-of-function pathogenic variant in the NIPBL gene. We hypothesized that some variants in the 5' Untranslated Region (UTR) of NIPBL may create an upstream open reading frame (uORF), putatively leading to a loss of function. We searched for NIPBL 5'UTR variants potentially introducing uORF by (i) reannotating NGS data of 102 unsolved CdLS patients and (ii) literature and variant databases search. We set up a GFP reporter assay and studied NIPBL expression in a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). We identified two variants introducing a novel ATG codon sequence in the 5'UTR of NIPBL, both predicted to introduce uORF: a novel c.-457_-456delinsAT de novo mutation in a 15-year-old male with classic CdLS, and a c.-94C>T variant in a published family. Our reporter assay showed a significant decrease of GFP levels in both mutant contexts, with similar levels of mRNA as compared to wt constructs. Assessment of LCL of one patient showed consistent results with decreased NIPBL protein and unchanged mRNA levels. 5'UTR uORF-introducing NIPBL variants may represent a rare source of pathogenic variants in unsolved CdLS patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Coursimault
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Kévin Cassinari
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - François Lecoquierre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Nathalie Drouot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gabriella Vera
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Coutant
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marion Rolain
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Bonnet
- Department of Genetics, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Myriam Bronner
- Department of Genetics, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Magalie Lecourtois
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
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Morin C, Moyret-Lalle C, Mertani HC, Diaz JJ, Marcel V. Heterogeneity and dynamic of EMT through the plasticity of ribosome and mRNA translation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188718. [PMID: 35304296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence exposes translation and its translational machinery as key players in establishing and maintaining physiological and pathological biological processes. Examining translation may not only provide new biological insight but also identify novel innovative therapeutic targets in several fields of biology, including that of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is currently considered as a dynamic and reversible transdifferentiation process sustaining the transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype, known to be mainly driven by transcriptional reprogramming. However, it seems that the characterization of EMT plasticity is challenging, relying exclusively on transcriptomic and epigenetic approaches. Indeed, heterogeneity in EMT programs was reported to depend on the biological context. Here, by reviewing the involvement of translational control, translational machinery and ribosome biogenesis characterizing the different types of EMT, from embryonic and adult physiological to pathological contexts, we discuss the added value of integrating translational control and its machinery to depict the heterogeneity and dynamics of EMT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Morin
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Hichem C Mertani
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Virginie Marcel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France.
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Romanelli Tavares VL, Guimarães-Ramos SL, Zhou Y, Masotti C, Ezquina S, Moreira DDP, Buermans H, Freitas RS, Den Dunnen JT, Twigg SRF, Passos-Bueno MR. New locus underlying auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND): 430 kb duplication involving TWIST1 regulatory elements. J Med Genet 2021; 59:895-905. [PMID: 34750192 PMCID: PMC9411924 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a rare genetic disease that affects structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches, mainly resulting in micrognathia and auricular malformations. To date, pathogenic variants have been identified in three genes involved in the EDN1-DLX5/6 pathway (PLCB4, GNAI3 and EDN1) and some cases remain unsolved. Here we studied a large unsolved four-generation family. Methods We performed linkage analysis, resequencing and Capture-C to investigate the causative variant of this family. To test the pathogenicity of the CNV found, we modelled the disease in patient craniofacial progenitor cells, including induced pluripotent cell (iPSC)-derived neural crest and mesenchymal cells. Results This study highlights a fourth locus causative of ARCND, represented by a tandem duplication of 430 kb in a candidate region on chromosome 7 defined by linkage analysis. This duplication segregates with the disease in the family (LOD score=2.88) and includes HDAC9, which is located over 200 kb telomeric to the top candidate gene TWIST1. Notably, Capture-C analysis revealed multiple cis interactions between the TWIST1 promoter and possible regulatory elements within the duplicated region. Modelling of the disease revealed an increased expression of HDAC9 and its neighbouring gene, TWIST1, in neural crest cells. We also identified decreased migration of iPSC-derived neural crest cells together with dysregulation of osteogenic differentiation in iPSC-affected mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that the 430 kb duplication is causative of the ARCND phenotype in this family and that deregulation of TWIST1 expression during craniofacial development can contribute to the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cibele Masotti
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Molecular Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana Ezquina
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danielle de Paula Moreira
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henk Buermans
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renato S Freitas
- Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Lábio Palatal, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Johan T Den Dunnen
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Filatova AY, Vasilyeva TA, Marakhonov AV, Sukhanova NV, Voskresenskaya AA, Zinchenko RA, Skoblov MY. Upstream ORF frameshift variants in the PAX6 5'UTR cause congenital aniridia. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1053-1065. [PMID: 34174135 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital aniridia (AN) is a severe autosomal dominant panocular disorder associated with pathogenic variants in the PAX6 gene. Previously, we performed a molecular genetic study of a large cohort of Russian patients with AN and revealed four noncoding nucleotide variants in the PAX6 5'UTR. 14 additional PAX6-5'UTR variants were also reported in the literature, but the mechanism of their pathogenicity remained unclear. In the present study, we experimentally analyze five patient-derived PAX6 5'UTR-variants: four variants that we identified in Russian patients (c.-128-2delA, c.-125dupG, c.-122dupG, c.-118_-117del) and one previously reported (c.-52+5G>C). We show that the variants lead to a decrease in the protein translation efficiency, while mRNA expression level is not significantly reduced. Two of these variants also affect splicing. Furthermore, we predict and experimentally validate the presence of an evolutionarily conserved small uORF in the PAX6 5'UTR. All studied variants lead to the frameshift of the uORF, resulting in its extension. This extended out-of-frame uORF overlaps with the downstream CDS and thereby reduces its translation efficiency. We conclude that the uORF frameshift may be the main mechanism of pathogenicity for at least 15 out of 18 known PAX6 5'UTR variants. Moreover, we predict additional uORFs in the PAX6 5'UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natella V Sukhanova
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Voskresenskaya
- Cheboksary Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Cheboksary, Russian Federation
| | - Rena A Zinchenko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation.,N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Pagnamenta AT, Kaisaki PJ, Bennett F, Burkitt‐Wright E, Martin HC, Ferla MP, Taylor JM, Gompertz L, Lahiri N, Tatton‐Brown K, Newbury‐Ecob R, Henderson A, Joss S, Weber A, Carmichael J, Turnpenny PD, McKee S, Forzano F, Ashraf T, Bradbury K, Shears D, Kini U, de Burca A, Blair E, Taylor JC, Stewart H. Delineation of dominant and recessive forms of LZTR1-associated Noonan syndrome. Clin Genet 2019; 95:693-703. [PMID: 30859559 PMCID: PMC6563422 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterised by distinctive facial features, heart defects, variable degrees of intellectual disability and other phenotypic manifestations. Although the mode of inheritance is typically dominant, recent studies indicate LZTR1 may be associated with both dominant and recessive forms. Seeking to describe the phenotypic characteristics of LZTR1-associated NS, we searched for likely pathogenic variants using two approaches. First, scrutiny of exomes from 9624 patients recruited by the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDDs) study uncovered six dominantly-acting mutations (p.R97L; p.Y136C; p.Y136H, p.N145I, p.S244C; p.G248R) of which five arose de novo, and three patients with compound-heterozygous variants (p.R210*/p.V579M; p.R210*/p.D531N; c.1149+1G>T/p.R688C). One patient also had biallelic loss-of-function mutations in NEB, consistent with a composite phenotype. After removing this complex case, analysis of human phenotype ontology terms indicated significant phenotypic similarities (P = 0.0005), supporting a causal role for LZTR1. Second, targeted sequencing of eight unsolved NS-like cases identified biallelic LZTR1 variants in three further subjects (p.W469*/p.Y749C, p.W437*/c.-38T>A and p.A461D/p.I462T). Our study strengthens the association of LZTR1 with NS, with de novo mutations clustering around the KT1-4 domains. Although LZTR1 variants explain ~0.1% of cases across the DDD cohort, the gene is a relatively common cause of unsolved NS cases where recessive inheritance is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela J. Kaisaki
- NIHR Oxford BRCWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Fenella Bennett
- NIHR Oxford BRCWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Emma Burkitt‐Wright
- Manchester Centre for Genomic MedicineSt Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | | | - Matteo P. Ferla
- NIHR Oxford BRCWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - John M. Taylor
- Oxford NHS Regional Molecular Genetics LaboratoryOxford University Hospitals NHS TrustOxfordUK
| | - Lianne Gompertz
- Manchester Centre for Genomic MedicineSt Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Nayana Lahiri
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Katrina Tatton‐Brown
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Ruth Newbury‐Ecob
- Department of Clinical GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS TrustBristolUK
| | - Alex Henderson
- Northern Genetics ServiceNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Laboratory Medicine BuildingQueen Elizabeth University HospitalGlasgowUK
| | - Astrid Weber
- Department of Clinical GeneticsLiverpool Women's NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUK
| | - Jenny Carmichael
- Oxford Regional Clinical Genetics ServiceNorthampton General HospitalNorthamptonUK
| | - Peter D. Turnpenny
- Clinical Genetics DepartmentRoyal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation TrustExeterUK
| | - Shane McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics ServiceBelfast HSC Trust, Belfast City HospitalBelfastUK
| | - Francesca Forzano
- Clinical Genetics DepartmentGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Tazeen Ashraf
- Clinical Genetics DepartmentGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Kimberley Bradbury
- Clinical Genetics DepartmentGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Deborah Shears
- Oxford Centre for Genomic MedicineOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic MedicineOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Anna de Burca
- Oxford Centre for Genomic MedicineOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - The DDD Study
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Edward Blair
- Oxford Centre for Genomic MedicineOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Jenny C. Taylor
- NIHR Oxford BRCWellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Helen Stewart
- Oxford Centre for Genomic MedicineOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
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Silva J, Fernandes R, Romão L. Translational Regulation by Upstream Open Reading Frames and Human Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1157:99-116. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19966-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Zhou Y, Koelling N, Fenwick AL, McGowan SJ, Calpena E, Wall SA, Smithson SF, Wilkie AO, Twigg SR. Disruption of TWIST1 translation by 5' UTR variants in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1360-1365. [PMID: 30040876 PMCID: PMC6175480 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS), one of the most common forms of syndromic craniosynostosis (premature fusion of the cranial sutures), results from haploinsufficiency of TWIST1, caused by deletions of the entire gene or loss-of-function variants within the coding region. To determine whether non-coding variants also contribute to SCS, we screened 14 genetically undiagnosed SCS patients using targeted capture sequencing, and identified novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of TWIST1 in two unrelated SCS cases. We show experimentally that these variants, which create translation start sites in the TWIST1 leader sequence, reduce translation from the main open reading frame (mORF). This is the first demonstration that non-coding SNVs of TWIST1 can cause SCS, and highlights the importance of screening the 5' UTR in clinically diagnosed SCS patients without a coding mutation. Similar 5' UTR variants, particularly of haploinsufficient genes, may represent an under-ascertained cause of monogenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nils Koelling
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Aimée L. Fenwick
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Simon J. McGowan
- Analysis, Visualisation and Informatics Group, MRC WIMM Centre for Computational BiologyMRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Steven A. Wall
- Craniofacial Unit, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sarah F. Smithson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Michaels Hospital & School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Andrew O.M. Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Craniofacial Unit, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Stephen R.F. Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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