1
|
High expression of PARD3 predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11078. [PMID: 34040099 PMCID: PMC8154901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly cancers with poor prognosis and drug response. Identifying accurate therapeutic targets would facilitate precision treatment and prolong survival for HCC. In this study, we analyzed liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and identified PARD3 as one of the most significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we investigated the relationship between PARD3 and outcomes of HCC, and assessed predictive capacity. Moreover, we performed functional enrichment and immune infiltration analysis to evaluate functional networks related to PARD3 in HCC and explore its role in tumor immunity. PARD3 expression levels in 371 HCC tissues were dramatically higher than those in 50 paired adjacent liver tissues (p < 0.001). High PARD3 expression was associated with poor clinicopathologic feathers, such as advanced pathologic stage (p = 0.002), vascular invasion (p = 0.012) and TP53 mutation (p = 0.009). Elevated PARD3 expression also correlated with lower overall survival (OS, HR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.45-2.98, p < 0.001) and disease-specific survival (DSS, HR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.27-3.16, p = 0.003). 242 up-regulated and 71 down-regulated genes showed significant association with PARD3 expression, which were involved in genomic instability, response to metal ions, and metabolisms. PARD3 is involved in diverse immune infiltration levels in HCC, especially negatively related to dendritic cells (DCs), cytotoxic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Altogether, PARD3 could be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of HCC.
Collapse
|
2
|
Halloran PF, Böhmig GA, Bromberg JS, Budde K, Gupta G, Einecke G, Eskandary F, Madill-Thomsen K, Reeve J. Discovering novel injury features in kidney transplant biopsies associated with TCMR and donor aging. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:1725-1739. [PMID: 33107191 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously characterized the molecular changes in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in kidney transplant biopsies, but parenchymal changes selective for specific types of injury could be missed by such analyses. The present study searched for injury changes beyond AKI and CKD related to specific scenarios, including correlations with donor age. We defined injury using previously defined gene sets and classifiers and used principal component analysis to discover new injury dimensions. As expected, Dimension 1 distinguished normal vs. injury, and Dimension 2 separated early AKI from late CKD, correlating with time posttransplant. However, Dimension 3 was novel, distinguishing a set of genes related to epithelial polarity (e.g., PARD3) that were increased in early AKI and decreased in T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) but not in antibody-mediated rejection. Dimension 3 was increased in kidneys from older donors and was particularly important in survival of early kidneys. Thus high Dimension 3 scores emerge as a previously unknown element in the kidney response-to-injury that affects epithelial polarity genes and is increased in AKI but depressed in TCMR, indicating that in addition to general injury elements, certain injury elements are selective for specific pathologic mechanisms. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01299168).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip F Halloran
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Georg A Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Klemens Budde
- Charite-Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Farsad Eskandary
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jeff Reeve
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yeo MK, Kim JM, Suh KS, Kim SH, Lee OJ, Kim KH. Decreased Expression of the Polarity Regulatory PAR Complex Predicts Poor Prognosis of the Patients with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:109-115. [PMID: 29220829 PMCID: PMC6002354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Partitioning defective (Par) proteins regulate cell polarity and differentiation. Par3, Par6β, and protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ), which are PAR complex members, have been shown to be associated with oncogenesis and progression. Herein, we report the expression pattern and clinical relevance of Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC). A total of 393 primary CRACs, 41 primary-metastatic CRAC pairs, 41 adenomas with low-grade dysplasia, and 41 nontumor colorectal tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays for Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ protein expressions. The association Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ expressions and clinicopathologic factors, including patient survival, was evaluated. Primary CRACs and adenomas demonstrated higher levels of Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ than in nontumor colorectal epithelia. The expressions of Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ were higher in primary CRACs as compared to adenomas or in metastatic CRACs. Among primary CRACs, decreased Par3 expression was found to correlate with a high proliferation rate and poor histologic differentiation, decreased PKCζ expression was correlated with pathologic TNM stage (I-II vs III-IV) and lymph node metastasis, and decreased Par6β and PKCζ expressions were correlated with shortened overall survivals. In metastatic CRACs, decreased PKCζ expression was correlated with a shortened metastasis-free survival. While increased Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ expressions were implicated in tumorigenesis, decreased expressions of Par3, Par6β, and PKCζ were found to be associated with worse clinicopathologic factors in CRAC. In particular, the results of our study suggest that PKCζ down-expression is an independent poor prognostic and metastatic factor for CRAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology and Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sun Suh
- Department of Pathology and Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li T, Liu X, Jiang Q, Lei X, Liu D. High expression of partitioning defective 3-like protein is associated with malignancy in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698393. [PMID: 28443499 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Partitioning defective 3-like protein is a novel cell polarity protein. Recently, partitioning defective 3-like protein has been demonstrated with tumor-promoting function by disrupting tight junction, inhibiting tumor suppressor liver kinase B1, and maintaining mammary stem cells. For the first time, we studied partitioning defective 3-like protein expression in malignant colorectal cancer. We used immunohistochemistry scoring system to evaluate partitioning defective 3-like protein expression in 196 colorectal cancer tissues and 33 adjacent normal tissues. We found that colorectal cancer tissues had much stronger partitioning defective 3-like protein immunoreactivity than normal tissues, and colorectal cancer patients with positive partitioning defective 3-like protein expression were characterized with higher cancer stages, metastasis, poor tumor differentiation, larger tumor size, as well as high levels of colorectal cancer markers carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 19-9. Besides, partitioning defective 3-like protein overexpression was independently predictive of lower survival rate in colorectal cancer patients, even after adjusting the influence of cofactors. Moreover, we also found that partitioning defective 3-like protein was associated with rapid growing colorectal cancer, while knockdown of partitioning defective 3-like protein expression largely inhibited cancer cell proliferation. Our study provided the first evidence that partitioning defective 3-like protein was overexpressed in colorectal cancer and associated with disease malignancy. Also, partitioning defective 3-like protein may serve as a promising prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment. Further study is necessary to understand the regulatory mechanism of partitioning defective 3-like protein in colorectal cancer and the feasibility of its application in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiyuan Li
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- 2 Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qunguang Jiang
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiong Lei
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongning Liu
- 1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hascoet P, Chesnel F, Jouan F, Le Goff C, Couturier A, Darrigrand E, Mahe F, Rioux-Leclercq N, Le Goff X, Arlot-Bonnemains Y. The pVHL 172 isoform is not a tumor suppressor and up-regulates a subset of pro-tumorigenic genes including TGFB1 and MMP13. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75989-76002. [PMID: 29100286 PMCID: PMC5652680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is often deleted or mutated in ccRCC (clear cell renal cell carcinoma) producing a non-functional protein. The gene encodes two mRNA, and three protein isoforms (pVHL213, pVHL160 and pVHL172). The pVHL protein is part of an E3 ligase complex involved in the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of different proteins, particularly hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) that drive the transcription of genes involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis or extracellular matrix remodelling. Other non-canonical (HIF-independent) pVHL functions have been described. A recent work reported the expression of the uncharacterized protein isoform pVHL172 which is translated from the variant 2 by alternative splicing of the exon 2. This splice variant is sometimes enriched in the ccRCCs and the protein has been identified in the respective samples of ccRCCs and different renal cell lines. Functional studies on pVHL have only concerned the pVHL213 and pVHL160 isoforms, but no function was assigned to pVHL172. Here we show that pVHL172 stable expression in renal cancer cells does not regulate the level of HIF, exacerbates tumorigenicity when 786-O-pVHL172 cells were xenografted in mice. The pVHL172-induced tumors developed a sarcomatoid phenotype. Moreover, pVHL172 expression was shown to up regulate a subset of pro-tumorigenic genes including TGFB1, MMP1 and MMP13. In summary we identified that pVHL172 is not a tumor suppressor. Furthermore our findings suggest an antagonistic function of this pVHL isoform in the HIF-independent aggressiveness of renal tumors compared to pVHL213.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hascoet
- CNRS, UMR 6290 IGDR, Université Rennes 1, BIOSIT, Rennes, France
| | - Franck Chesnel
- CNRS, UMR 6290 IGDR, Université Rennes 1, BIOSIT, Rennes, France
| | - Florence Jouan
- CNRS, UMR 6290 IGDR, Université Rennes 1, BIOSIT, Rennes, France
| | - Cathy Le Goff
- CNRS, UMR 6290 IGDR, Université Rennes 1, BIOSIT, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Couturier
- CNRS, UMR 6290 IGDR, Université Rennes 1, BIOSIT, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Le Goff
- CNRS, UMR 6290 IGDR, Université Rennes 1, BIOSIT, Rennes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tuccilli C, Baldini E, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Chesnel F, Sorrenti S, De Vito C, D'Armiento E, Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Watutantrige S, Tartaglia F, Barollo S, Mian C, Arcieri S, Mascagni D, Pironi D, Bononi M, Vergine M, Monti M, Filippini A, Ulisse S. Expression and prognostic value of the cell polarity PAR complex members in thyroid cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1413-1422. [PMID: 28350047 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of the apical-basal cell polarity, required for proper replication, migration, specialized functions and tissue morphogenesis, relies on three evolutionary conserved complexes: PAR, CRUMBS and SCRIBBLE. Loss of cell polarity/cohesiveness (LOP/C) is implicated in cancer progression, and members of the polarity complex have been described as either oncogenes or oncosuppressors. However, no information on their role in thyroid cancer (TC) progression is available. In the present study, we evaluated the gene expression of the PAR complex members aPKCι, PARD3α/β and PARD6α/β/γ in 95 papillary TC (PTC), compared to their normal matched tissues and in 12 anaplastic TC (ATC). The mRNA and protein levels of investigated genes were altered in the majority of PTC and ATC tissues. In PTC, univariate analysis showed that reduced expression of aPKCι, PARD3β and PARD6γ mRNAs is associated with increased tumor size, and the reduced expression of PARD3β mRNA is associated also with recurrences. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis and the reduced expression of PARD3β are independent risk factors for recurrences, with hazard ratio, respectively, of 8.21 (p=0.006) and 3.04 (p=0.029). The latter result was confirmed by the Kaplan-Meier analysis, which evidenced the association between decreased PARD3β mRNA levels and shorter disease-free interval. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the expression of PAR complex components is deregulated in the majority of PTC and there is a general trend towards their reduction in ATC tissues. Moreover, a prognostic value for the PARD3β gene in PTCs is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frank Chesnel
- CNRS-UMR 6290 (IGDR) Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora D'Armiento
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Susi Barollo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Arcieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Mascagni
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bononi
- Department of Surgery 'Pietro Valdoni', 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Vergine
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Monti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Filippini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakamura H, Nagasaka K, Kawana K, Taguchi A, Uehara Y, Yoshida M, Sato M, Nishida H, Fujimoto A, Inoue T, Adachi K, Nagamatsu T, Arimoto T, Oda K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Expression of Par3 polarity protein correlates with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:897. [PMID: 27855669 PMCID: PMC5114836 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the cell polarity protein partitioning defective 3 (Par3) plays an essential role in the formation of tight junctions and definition of apical-basal polarity. Aberrant function of this protein has been reported to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer invasion. The aim of this study was to examine the functional mechanism of Par3 in ovarian cancer. METHODS First, we investigated the association between Par3 expression level and survival of 50 ovarian cancer patients. Next, we conducted an in vitro analysis of ovarian cancer cell lines, focusing on the cell line JHOC5, to investigate Par3 function. To investigate the function of Par3 in invasion, the IL-6/STAT3 pathway was analyzed upon Par3 knockdown with siRNA. The effect of siRNA treatment was assessed by qPCR, ELISA, and western blotting. Invasiveness and cell proliferation following treatment with siRNA against Par3 were investigated using Matrigel chamber, wound healing, and cell proliferation assays. RESULTS Expression array data for ovarian cancer patient samples revealed low Par3 expression was significantly associated with good prognosis. Univariate analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed significant association between high Par3 levels and peritoneal dissemination at the time of diagnosis. Knockdown of Par3 in JHOC5 cells suppressed cell invasiveness, migration, and cell proliferation with deregulation of IL-6/STAT3 activity. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that Par3 expression is likely involved in ovarian cancer progression, especially in peritoneal metastasis. The underlying mechanism may be that Par3 modulates IL-6 /STAT3 signaling. Here, we propose that the expression of Par3 in ovarian cancer may control disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yuriko Uehara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Masakazu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Haruka Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Asaha Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Takahide Arimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang P, Wang S, Wang S, Qiao J, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Chen Z. Dual function of partitioning-defective 3 in the regulation of YAP phosphorylation and activation. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16021. [PMID: 27462467 PMCID: PMC4932730 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Partitioning-defective 3 (Par3), a key component of the evolutionarily conserved polarity PAR complex (Par3/Par6/aPKC), controls cell polarity and contributes to cell migration, proliferation and tumor development. Emerging evidence indicates that cell polarity proteins function as upstream modulators that regulate the Hippo pathway. However, little is known about Par3’s involvement in the Hippo pathway. Here, we find Par3 and YAP dynamically co-localize in different subcellular compartments; that is, the membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, in a cell-density-dependent manner. Interestingly, Par3 knockdown promotes YAP phosphorylation, leading to a significant impairment of YAP nuclear translocation at low cell density, but not at high density, in MDCK cells. Furthermore, via its third PDZ domain, Par3 directly binds to the PDZ-binding motif of YAP. The interaction is required for regulating YAP phosphorylation and nuclear localization. Mechanistically, Par3, as a scaffold protein, associates with LATS1 and protein phosphatase 1, α subunit (PP1A) in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Par3 promotes the dephosphorylation of LATS1 and YAP, thus enhancing YAP activation and cell proliferation. Strikingly, we also find that under the condition of PP1A knockdown, Par3 expression promotes YAP hyperphosphorylation, leading to the suppression of YAP activity and its downstream targets. Par3 expression results in differential effects on YAP phosphorylation and activation in different tumor cell lines. These findings indicate that Par3 may have a dual role in regulating the activation of the Hippo pathway, in a manner possibly dependent on cellular context or cell type in response to cell–cell contact and cell polarity signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Involvement of Tight Junction Plaque Proteins in Cancer. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Kammerer-Jacquet SF, Brunot A, Pladys A, Bouzille G, Dagher J, Medane S, Peyronnet B, Mathieu R, Verhoest G, Bensalah K, Edeline J, Laguerre B, Lespagnol A, Mosser J, Dugay F, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Rioux-Leclercq N. Synchronous Metastatic Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Distinct Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Phenotype. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2016; 15:e1-e7. [PMID: 27444986 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are highly metastatic tumors with metastases detected at diagnosis (synchronous) or during follow-up (metachronous). To date, there have been no reports comparing primary ccRCC of patients with synchronous and metachronous metastases, who are different in terms of prognosis. Determining whether there is a phenotypic difference between these 2 groups could have important clinical implications. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a retrospective consecutive cohort of 98 patients with ccRCC, 48 patients had metastases, including 28 synchronous and 20 metachronous presentations, with a follow-up of 10 years. For each primary tumor in these metastatic patients, pathologic criteria, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, partitioning-defective 3, CAIX, and programmed death ligand 1 as detected by immunohistochemistry, and complete VHL status were analyzed. Univariate analysis was performed, and survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves compared by log-rank test. RESULTS Compared with primary ccRCC in patients with metachronous metastases, primary ccRCC in patients with synchronous metastases were significantly associated with a poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance (P = .045), higher pT status (P = .038), non-inactivated VHL gene (P = .01), sarcomatoid component (P = .007), expression of partitioning-defective 3 (P = .007), and overexpressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (> 50%) (P = .017) and programmed death ligand 1 (P = .019). Patients with synchronous metastases had a worse cancer-specific survival than patients with metachronous metastases even from metastatic diagnosis (median survival, 16 months vs. 46 months, respectively; P = .01). CONCLUSION This long-term study is the first to support the notion that synchronous m-ccRCC has a distinct phenotype. This is probably linked to the occurrence of oncogenic events that could explain the worse prognosis. These particular patients with metastases could benefit from specific therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solene-Florence Kammerer-Jacquet
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Rennes, France; CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique & Développement de Rennes, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France.
| | - Angelique Brunot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Rennes, France
| | - Adelaide Pladys
- Department of Epidemiology, Ecole des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Bouzille
- Department of Clinical Investigation, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Dagher
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Medane
- CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique & Développement de Rennes, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | | | - Romain Mathieu
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Karim Bensalah
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Edeline
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Rennes, France
| | - Brigitte Laguerre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Rennes, France
| | | | - Jean Mosser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Frederic Dugay
- Cytogenetic and Cellular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Belaud-Rotureau
- CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique & Développement de Rennes, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France; Cytogenetic and Cellular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Rennes, France; CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique & Développement de Rennes, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gandalovičová A, Vomastek T, Rosel D, Brábek J. Cell polarity signaling in the plasticity of cancer cell invasiveness. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25022-49. [PMID: 26872368 PMCID: PMC5041887 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apico-basal polarity is typical of cells present in differentiated epithelium while front-rear polarity develops in motile cells. In cancer development, the transition from epithelial to migratory polarity may be seen as the hallmark of cancer progression to an invasive and metastatic disease. Despite the morphological and functional dissimilarity, both epithelial and migratory polarity are controlled by a common set of polarity complexes Par, Scribble and Crumbs, phosphoinositides, and small Rho GTPases Rac, Rho and Cdc42. In epithelial tissues, their mutual interplay ensures apico-basal and planar cell polarity. Accordingly, altered functions of these polarity determinants lead to disrupted cell-cell adhesions, cytoskeleton rearrangements and overall loss of epithelial homeostasis. Polarity proteins are further engaged in diverse interactions that promote the establishment of front-rear polarity, and they help cancer cells to adopt different invasion modes. Invading cancer cells can employ either the collective, mesenchymal or amoeboid invasion modes or actively switch between them and gain intermediate phenotypes. Elucidation of the role of polarity proteins during these invasion modes and the associated transitions is a necessary step towards understanding the complex problem of metastasis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of the role of cell polarity signaling in the plasticity of cancer cell invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Gandalovičová
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vomastek
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic, Videňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rosel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University in Prague, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hascoet P, Chesnel F, Le Goff C, Le Goff X, Arlot-Bonnemains Y. Unconventional Functions of Mitotic Kinases in Kidney Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2015; 5:241. [PMID: 26579493 PMCID: PMC4621426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tumors exhibit a variety of genetic alterations, including point mutations, translocations, gene amplifications and deletions, as well as aneuploid chromosome numbers. For carcinomas, aneuploidy is associated with poor patient outcome for a large variety of tumor types, including breast, colon, and renal cell carcinoma. The Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous carcinoma consisting of different histologic types. The clear renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype and represents 85% of the RCC. Central to the biology of the ccRCC is the loss of function of the Von Hippel–Lindau gene, but is also associated with genetic instability that could be caused by abrogation of the cell cycle mitotic spindle checkpoint and may involve the Aurora kinases, which regulate centrosome maturation. Aneuploidy can also result from the loss of cell–cell adhesion and apical–basal cell polarity that also may be regulated by the mitotic kinases (polo-like kinase 1, casein kinase 2, doublecortin-like kinase 1, and Aurora kinases). In this review, we describe the “non-mitotic” unconventional functions of these kinases in renal tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hascoet
- UMR 6290 (IGDR), CNRS, University Rennes-1 , Rennes , France
| | - Franck Chesnel
- UMR 6290 (IGDR), CNRS, University Rennes-1 , Rennes , France
| | - Cathy Le Goff
- UMR 6290 (IGDR), CNRS, University Rennes-1 , Rennes , France
| | - Xavier Le Goff
- UMR 6290 (IGDR), CNRS, University Rennes-1 , Rennes , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chesnel F, Hascoet P, Gagné JP, Couturier A, Jouan F, Poirier GG, Le Goff C, Vigneau C, Danger Y, Verite F, Le Goff X, Arlot-Bonnemains Y. The von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor gene: uncovering the expression of the pVHL172 isoform. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:336-44. [PMID: 26035699 PMCID: PMC4506380 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene encodes two mRNA variants. Variant 1 encodes two protein isoforms, pVHL213 and pVHL160, that have been extensively documented in the literature. Variant 2 is produced by alternative splicing of exon 2 and encodes a pVHL isoform of 172 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 19 kDa (pVHL172), the expression of which has never been demonstrated so far due to the absence of suitable antibodies. METHODS We have generated an anti-pVHL monoclonal antibody (JD-1956) using pVHL172 recombinant protein. We tested the antibody against exogenous or endogenous expressed proteins in different cell lines. We identified the pVHL172 using a silencing RNA strategy. The epitope of the antibody was mapped using a peptide array. RESULTS We efficiently detected the three different isoforms of pVHL in cell lines and tumorigenic tissues by western blotting and immunohistochemistry and confirmed for the first time the endogenous expression of pVHL172. CONCLUSIONS The endogenous expression of the three isoforms and particularly the pVHL172 has never been shown before due to a lack of a highly specific antibody since none of the available commercial antibodies distinguish the three isoforms of pVHL in cells or in both normal and cancerous human tissues. Evidence of pVHL172 expression emphasises the need to further study its implication in renal tumorigenesis and VHL disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Chesnel
- CNRS–UMR 6290 (IGDR)–Université Rennes 1-BIOSIT, 2 Avenue du Professeur L Bernard, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - P Hascoet
- CNRS–UMR 6290 (IGDR)–Université Rennes 1-BIOSIT, 2 Avenue du Professeur L Bernard, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - J P Gagné
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Pavillon CHUL–Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, G1V 4G2 QC, Canada
| | - A Couturier
- CNRS–UMR 6290 (IGDR)–Université Rennes 1-BIOSIT, 2 Avenue du Professeur L Bernard, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - F Jouan
- CNRS–UMR 6290 (IGDR)–Université Rennes 1-BIOSIT, 2 Avenue du Professeur L Bernard, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - G G Poirier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Pavillon CHUL–Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, G1V 4G2 QC, Canada
| | - C Le Goff
- CNRS–UMR 6290 (IGDR)–Université Rennes 1-BIOSIT, 2 Avenue du Professeur L Bernard, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - C Vigneau
- CNRS–UMR 6290 (IGDR)–Université Rennes 1-BIOSIT, 2 Avenue du Professeur L Bernard, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Y Danger
- EFS–LNPRM-Etablissement français du sang Rennes, Rue Pierre Jean Gineste, BP 91614, 35016 Rennes, France
| | - F Verite
- EFS–LNPRM-Etablissement français du sang Rennes, Rue Pierre Jean Gineste, BP 91614, 35016 Rennes, France
| | - X Le Goff
- CNRS–UMR 6290 (IGDR)–Université Rennes 1-BIOSIT, 2 Avenue du Professeur L Bernard, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Y Arlot-Bonnemains
- CNRS–UMR 6290 (IGDR)–Université Rennes 1-BIOSIT, 2 Avenue du Professeur L Bernard, 35042 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin WH, Asmann YW, Anastasiadis PZ. Expression of polarity genes in human cancer. Cancer Inform 2015; 14:15-28. [PMID: 25991909 PMCID: PMC4390136 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s18964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarity protein complexes are crucial for epithelial apical–basal polarity and directed cell migration. Since alterations of these processes are common in cancer, polarity proteins have been proposed to function as tumor suppressors or oncogenic promoters. Here, we review the current understanding of polarity protein functions in epithelial homeostasis, as well as tumor formation and progression. As most previous studies focused on the function of single polarity proteins in simplified model systems, we used a genomics approach to systematically examine and identify the expression profiles of polarity genes in human cancer. The expression profiles of polarity genes were distinct in different human tissues and classified cancer types. Additionally, polarity expression profiles correlated with disease progression and aggressiveness, as well as with identified cancer types, where specific polarity genes were commonly altered. In the case of Scribble, gene expression analysis indicated its common amplification and upregulation in human cancer, suggesting a tumor promoting function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsin Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dagher J, Dugay F, Rioux-Leclercq N, Verhoest G, Oger E, Bensalah K, Cabillic F, Jouan F, Kammerer-Jacquet SF, Fergelot P, Vigneau C, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Belaud-Rotureau MA. Cytoplasmic PAR-3 protein expression is associated with adverse prognostic factors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and independently impacts survival. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1639-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
16
|
Rewiring cell polarity signaling in cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:939-50. [PMID: 24632617 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted cell polarity is a feature of epithelial cancers. The Crumbs, Par and Scribble polarity complexes function to specify and maintain apical and basolateral membrane domains, which are essential to organize intracellular signaling pathways that maintain epithelial homeostasis. Disruption of apical-basal polarity proteins facilitates rewiring of oncogene and tumor suppressor signaling pathways to deregulate proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, apical-basal polarity integrates intracellular signaling with the microenvironment by regulating metabolic signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue level organization. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how polarity proteins regulate diverse signaling pathways throughout cancer progression from initiation to metastasis.
Collapse
|