Occupational cancer in developed and developing countries

Recent trends in published occupational cancer epidemiology research: results from a comprehensive review of the literature

OBJECTIVE

To assess trends in occupational cancer epidemiology research through a literature review of occupational health and epidemiology journals.

METHODS

Fifteen journals were reviewed from 1991 to 2009, and characteristics of articles that assessed the risk of cancer associated with an occupation, industry, or occupational exposure, were incorporated into a database.

RESULTS

The number of occupational cancer epidemiology articles published annually declined in recent years (2003 onwards) in the journals reviewed. The number of articles presenting dose-response analyses increased over the review period, from 29% in the first 4 years of review to 49% in the last 4 years.

CONCLUSION

There has been a decrease in the number of occupational cancer epidemiology articles published annually during the review period. The results of these articles help determine the carcinogenicity of workplace exposures and permissible exposure limits, both of which may be hindered with a decline in research.

[Cancer diagnosis in hospital workers]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

We aimed to identify cases of cancer diagnosis in hospital workers and to establish if an excess of cases exist.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

For cases occurring during 1990-2005 the following data about workers were checked: birth date, sex, location of the neoplasm, date of diagnosis of the neoplasm, working category, hospital service/unit and work duration at the hospital. The standard incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated for each type of cancer.

RESULTS

Fifty one neoplasms were registered (21 male and 30 women) Most frequent types of cancer were breast (19 cases), leukemia-lymphoma (7 cases), lung (4 cases) and prostate (4 cases). At the time of diagnosis the average age was 47,3 years (DE 9,2). 22 cases were detected in doctors, 18 in nurses and assistant nurses and 4 in assistants. An excess of cases was not found. Comparing data with cancer cases in the whole population, the prevalence of colon cancer was lower than the average (SIR: 0,25; CI 95%: 0,03-0,89) as well as the prevalence of gastric cancer (SIR: 0,19; CI 95%: 0,02-0,69).

CONCLUSIONS

An excess of cancer risk was not found in the studied group. Difficulties in obtaining information about people at risk and cancer incidence reveal the need to improve the sources of information for this kind of studies in Spain.

Silicate pneumoconiosis in hens

Thirteen cases of silicate pneumoconiosis in 3- to 4-year-old hens are described. Ten of the birds were raised in the suburbs of a city near several chalk quarries and two cement-works; the remaining three hens (aged 3 years) had lived in an environment with high particulate pollution from a nearby brick-works in which large amounts of clay were used daily. Silicotic granulomas composed of dust-laden macrophages were scattered over the lungs. They were located mainly in the infundibula and atria of tertiary bronchi and around vessels; more rarely they occurred in the lamina propria mucosae of primary and secondary bronchi. Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis coupled with both transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the dust was composed mainly of silicon, aluminium, calcium, iron and potassium. Titanium, sulphur, magnesium, zinc, copper and chlorine were also found. It is concluded that animals raised in polluted environmental conditions may serve as an important indicator of risks to human health and pathogenetic mechanisms. Thirteen cases of silicate pneumoconiosis in 3- to 4-year-old hens are described. Ten of the birds were raised in the suburbs of a city near several chalk quarries and two cement-works; the remaining three hens (aged 3 years) had lived in an environment with high particulate pollution from a nearby brick-works in which large amounts of clay were used daily. Silicotic granulomas composed of dust-laden macrophages were scattered over the lungs. They were located mainly in the infundibula and atria of tertiary bronchi and around vessels; more rarely they occurred in the lamina propria mucosae of primary and secondary bronchi. Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis coupled with both transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the dust was composed mainly of silicon, aluminium, calcium, iron and potassium. Titanium, sulphur, magnesium, zinc, copper and chlorine were also found. It is concluded that animals raised in polluted environmental conditions may serve as an important indicator of risks to human health and pathogenetic mechanisms.