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Tian S, Zhao L. Tolerance for corruption and descriptive social norm: An experimental study of embezzlement. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303558. [PMID: 38768247 PMCID: PMC11104634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Public tolerance for corruption within a society significantly influences the prevalence of corrupt practices, but less is known about how this tolerance evolves with social norms. This paper presents experimental evidences demonstrating that the descriptive social norm indicating widespread corruption can lead to increased tolerance for corruptive acts. We introduce an asymmetric information ultimatum game to simulate the interactions between embezzlers and citizens. Game theoretical analysis reveals that victims anticipating corruption will exhibit greater compliance with embezzlement when the offers are evaluated based on descriptive norms. To test the hypothesis, we employ a framing effect to induce variations in descriptive norms within a behavioral experiment. Although the treatment effect is significant only in the subgroup of student cadres, this subgroup demonstrated increased beliefs about embezzlement, greater tolerance for corruption, and a heightened propensity to embezzle when exposed to framings with hierarchical implications. This paper contributes to the corruption literature by examining the effects of descriptive norms on victims' responses to embezzlement. It offers a more comprehensive perspective on how social standards shape public opinions and corrupt actions, enhancing our understanding of the self-reinforcing nature of corruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Tian
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangfo Zhao
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Liang Y, Huang L, Liu L, Tan X, Ren D. Impacts of Unethical Behavior on Self-Esteem: A Contingent Dual-Process Model. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241236983. [PMID: 38506187 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241236983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported mixed findings on how and why unethical behavior affects self-esteem. To address this issue, a contingent dual-process model is proposed and tested. The model postulates a negative impact of unethical behavior on self-esteem through decreased morality, a positive effect through increased competence, and the relative strength of these two paths depending on system-justifying motives. Studies using unethical behavior for self-interest (Studies 1 and 2), involving ingroup interest (Study 3), and measuring (Studies 1 and 3) and manipulating general system justification (Study 2) provide support for the model. By identifying the effects of system-justifying motives and linking the two competing paths, the model reconciles inconsistencies in previous research regarding how self-esteem is influenced by unethical behavior and reveals the underlying mechanism of this association. Accordingly, the current research constructs a motivational and superordinate framework to clarify the dynamic consequences of unethical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- Army Engineering University of PLA, Xuzhou, China
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Liu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyun Tan
- Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deyun Ren
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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3
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Manara MU, Nübold A, van Gils S, Zijlstra FRH. Exploring the path to corruption-An informed grounded theory study on the decision-making process underlying corruption. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291819. [PMID: 37733675 PMCID: PMC10513331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Past corruption research at the individual level has mainly focused on demographics, personality, attitudes, or morality related variables. Until now, only a few studies have focused on the intra-individual psychological mechanisms of corruption. Building on normative decision-making theory, the present study attempts to shed further light on the internal mechanisms that lead to the decision that corruption is a viable path. Following an informed grounded theory approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 38 Indonesian prisoners who have been convicted of corruption. Guided by a multi-step decision-making process, including problem recognition, information search, and evaluation of the information, our results revealed unique insights into individuals' considerations that led to corruption. We elaborate on interrelations between these stages and explore new forms of corrupt decision-making elements within this process. Theoretical implications for corruption research and the practical implications for anti-corruption programs of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Untung Manara
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Merdeka Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Annika Nübold
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Gils
- Department of Communication and Culture, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fred R. H. Zijlstra
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
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Niu B, Li Y, Ding X, Fan Z, Zhou B, Cheng X. Role of Guanxi (interpersonal relationship) in bribe-taking behaviors: evidence from China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37359645 PMCID: PMC10000347 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Bribery, an illegal conspiracy between two transactional parties, has a wide range of destructive effects on society. From an interpersonal interaction perspective, we explored how Guanxi (interpersonal relationships, including direct and indirect ones) influences individuals, especially government officials' bribe-taking probability, using behavioral experiments and questionnaires. The findings suggested that direct Guanxi promoted individuals' acceptance of bribes (Study 1a), and indirect Guanxi had the same role and effect sizes (Study 1b). However, the mechanisms were slightly different. Government officials were more likely to accept bribes from family members and friends (direct Guanxi) (than strangers) because they had more trust and felt more responsible and obligated to help them (Study 2). However, accepting bribes from those who contacted them through their family or friends (indirect Guanxi) (vs. strangers) was only driven by trust (Study 3). The present study explores the lubricant role of Guanxi in corruption, extends the literature on why bribery occurs from a new perspective, and provides suggestions for fighting corruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Niu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Fan
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingping Zhou
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaorong Cheng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079 Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Niu B, Li Y, Ding X, Shi C, Zhou B, Gong J. Neural correlates of bribe-taking decision dilemma: An fNIRS study. Brain Cogn 2023; 166:105951. [PMID: 36680856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bribe-taking decision is a social dilemma for individuals: the pursuit of economic self-interest vs. compliance with social norms. Despite the well-known existence of the conflict in deciding whether to accept bribes, little is known about its neural responses. Using functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRS) technology and the bribe-taking decision game (economic gambling game as a control condition), the current study dissociated the neural correlates of the different motivations in the bribery dilemma, as well as the inhibitory effect of social norms on bribery and its underlying brain mechanisms in supra-cortical regions. Findings revealed that if individuals are more motivated by economic interest, rejecting money (vs. accepting money) accompanies higher activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and frontopolar cortex (FPC), which reflects impulse inhibition and decision evaluation; whereas, if individuals are more consider social norms, their DLPFC is more active when they accept bribes (vs. reject bribes), which reflects their fear of punishment. Additionally, the key brain region where social norms inhibit bribery involves the left DLPFC. The current findings contribute to the literature on the neural manifestations of corrupt decisions and provide some insights into the anti-corruption movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Niu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.
| | - Congrong Shi
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingping Zhou
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Gong
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, No. 152 Luoyu Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyber Psychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Zhu H, Ou Y, Zhu Z. Aggressive humor style and cyberbullying perpetration: Normative tolerance and moral disengagement perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1095318. [PMID: 36619045 PMCID: PMC9816482 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1095318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature has acknowledged the correlation between aggressive humor style and cyberbullying perpetration; however, little is known about how this occurs. In this study, we sought to gain an understanding of how and when someone with an aggressive humor style may develop into a perpetrator of cyberbullying. We propose that whether an individual's aggressive humor style results in cyberbullying perpetration depends on online social norms of tolerance for aggressive humor. When online normative tolerance for aggressive humor is high, individuals' aggressive humor style is positively correlated with their moral disengagement, which, in turn, increases their intention to commit cyberbullying. When online normative tolerance for aggressive humor is low, the effect of individuals' aggressive humor style on their moral disengagement is attenuated, which, in turn, weakens the relationship between aggressive humor style and cyberbullying perpetration. A total of 305 Chinese university students were recruited to participate in the experiment, and we found support for this hypothesis across the experiment. Several theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Zhao H, Zhang H. How personal relative deprivation influences moral disengagement: The role of malicious envy and Honesty-Humility. Scand J Psychol 2021; 63:246-255. [PMID: 34750825 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scant research has investigated the potential influence of personal relative deprivation on moral disengagement, and little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Inspired by relative deprivation theory, this study proposed a moderated mediation model to explore the relationship between personal relative deprivation and moral disengagement by examining the mediating role of malicious envy and the moderating role of Honesty-Humility. Five hundred and eighty-nine Chinese adults completed anonymous measures of personal relative deprivation, malicious envy, Honesty-Humility, and moral disengagement. Results revealed that personal relative deprivation was positively correlated with moral disengagement and that malicious envy fully mediated this relationship. Moderated mediation analysis indicated that Honesty-Humility moderated the relationship between personal relative deprivation and malicious envy and that between malicious envy and moral disengagement. Specifically, both relationships became weaker for adults with higher levels of Honesty-Humility. These findings not only highlight the importance of identifying the underlying mechanisms between personal relative deprivation and moral disengagement, but also provide valuable implications for the effective prevention and mitigation of moral disengagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Psychological and Gender Differences in a Simulated Cheating Coercion Situation at School. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10070265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze gender, anxiety, and psychological inflexibility differences of high school students’ behaviors in a simulated situation of peer coercion into academic cheating. Method: A total of 1147 volunteer adolescents participated, (Men: N = 479; Mage = 16.3; Women: N = 668; Mage = 16.2). The participants saw 15 s animated online video presenting peer coercion into an academic cheating situation, including a questionnaire about their reactions to face the situation. They also answered the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for children and adolescents and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). Gender was associated with the behaviors facing the situation. Higher state anxiety and inflexibility were present in those participants that avoided aggressive behaviors facing the situation; on the other hand, trait anxiety was present in those who reacted aggressively. Finally, higher anxiety and inflexibility were associated with the used moral disengagement mechanisms, but also with peers’ perception as sanctioning or being against the participants’ decision. The most aggressive students were more flexible and less stressed than those who tried to solve assertively. Expectations about peers seem to be relevant to the decision-making facing moral dilemmas and peer victimization.
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Almeida T, Abreu F, Ramalho NC. Becoming morally disengaged: how long does it take? LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-01-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeLeadership is a time-dependent process and a recent leadership research trend posits a central role of time-based variables. The dyadic tenure plays a keystone role in understanding leader–follower dynamics, especially as regards leader ethics. In line with this, from a social learning theory perspective, the authors propose a model that explains how and when ethical leaders' behaviors influence subordinates' moral disengagement.Design/methodology/approachWith a sample of 220 employees, the present study tests the conditional indirect effect of ethical leadership on followers' moral disengagement via instrumental ethical climate (IEC), using dyadic tenure as the moderator variable. The analyses were conducted with Hayes PROCESS macro.FindingsResults suggested that IEC fully mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and moral disengagement. Thus, when followers perceive low levels of ethical leadership, they notice higher levels of IEC, which is positively related to moral disengagement. However, IEC perception only influences moral disengagement when dyadic tenure approaches the third year.Originality/valueThis paper answers calls to include time-based variables in leadership studies. Hence, using dyadic tenure, this study gives support to previous propositions that were still awaiting empirical test.
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Gouvêa Maciel G. What We (Don't) Know so Far About Tolerance Towards Corruption in European Democracies: Measurement Approaches, Determinants, and Types. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH 2021; 157:1131-1153. [PMID: 33935345 PMCID: PMC8078392 DOI: 10.1007/s11205-021-02690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cross-national survey data shows that for a significant share of European citizens, corruption is acceptable. Notwithstanding the importance of prior knowledge on corruption extension and experience, research has made little progress in exploring why people condone it, especially in unsuspicious countries, with effective institutions and stable democratic rules and processes. The present study examines this gap in the literature by assessing the European Values Study (EVS) and the Special Eurobarometer (EB) attempts at measuring 'Tolerance towards Corruption' (TtC) in OECD countries in Europe during the same period (2017-2019). In the end, measurements proved to be constrained by the limited number of questions/items that try to capture TtC, which gave room to conclude that: (a) EVS and EB approaches do not measure the same TtC. The first measures it through social transgressions not exclusively related to corruption, while the second measures the willingness to accept a public-office corruption when dealing with the public sphere. (b) Lower ages combined with individual preferences/perceptions of less satisfaction with life, widespread corruption, and prior experiences with corruption proved to be more relevant to explain TtC, regardless of the country in which individuals were surveyed. (c) The type of TtC citizens display in advanced democracies proved to be mainly contingent on their age and on the way they interpret the extension of corruption and the prior contact they had with a public-office corruption in a given society. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-021-02690-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gouvêa Maciel
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon (ICS-UL), Av. Professor Aníbal de Bettencourt, 9, 1600-189 Lisboa, Portugal
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Manara MU, van Gils S, Nübold A, Zijlstra FRH. Corruption, Fast or Slow? Ethical Leadership Interacts With Machiavellianism to Influence Intuitive Thinking and Corruption. Front Psychol 2020; 11:578419. [PMID: 33304296 PMCID: PMC7693446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethical leadership has been suggested as an organizational factor that could reduce unethical behaviors in an organization. We extend this research by examining how and when ethical leadership could reduce followers’ corruption. We examined the moderating role of followers’ Machiavellianism and the mediating role of intuitive thinking style in the negative effect of ethical leadership on corruption. Across two different studies (field study and experiment), we found that ethical leadership decreases followers’ corruption (Studies 1 and 2) and that this negative effect is mediated by followers’ intuitive thinking style (Study 2). Furthermore, followers’ Machiavellianism moderated the direct negative effect of ethical leadership on corruption. However, the pattern of this moderation was not consistent. In Study 1, we found that ethical leadership has the strongest direct negative impact on corruption when followers’ Machiavellianism is high, whereas in Study 2, we found that ethical leadership has the strongest direct negative effect on corruption when followers’ Machiavellianism is low. The theoretical implications for corruption, ethical leadership, and information processing research, as well as practical implications for corruption prevention, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Manara
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Merdeka Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Suzanne van Gils
- Department of Communication and Culture, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika Nübold
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Fred R H Zijlstra
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Moral Disengagement as a Moderating Factor in the Relationship between the Perception of Dating Violence and Victimization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145164. [PMID: 32708935 PMCID: PMC7400521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There have been studies establishing the relationship between moral disengagement and aggressiveness in various contexts, especially in the role of the aggressor. Few, however, have analyzed moral disengagement’s mediating role in the phenomenon of teenage dating violence, taking into account how these mechanisms affect the victims’ perception of themselves as fearful, trapped, or mistreated in a dating relationship. This study analyzes the relationship between moral disengagement, the acceptance of violence, and how the victims of this type of abuse perceive victimization. The participants were 2577 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18. They completed two questionnaires that addressed teenage dating violence and moral disengagement. To study the relationship between the variables, factorial, structural, correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to construct the perceptual structure of victimization. The analyses showed moral disengagement and the acceptance of violence, as well as their interaction, to have a mediating and moderating influence by modifying the perception of victimization. The victims’ levels of moral disengagement explained their acceptance of the violence and their inability to recognize abuse. Finally, these results may be a key element in the design of psychological interventions aimed at minimizing the use of moral disengagement and the acceptance of violence in situations involving aggression in teenage dating.
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"Why are the Corrupt, Corrupt?": The Multilevel Analytical Model of Corruption. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 23:e5. [PMID: 32460921 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2020.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Corruption is a global problem. Despite the importance of this theme, a shortage of theoretical models in both psychology and related areas that favor its understanding and investigation is noted. Due to this scarcity of theoretical models, in addition to the need to systematize studies on the topic, this theoretical article aims to describe the Analytical Model of Corruption (AMC) as an interdisciplinary and multilevel proposal aimed at corruption analysis. To achieve this goal, the concept of corruption was analyzed using related phenomena as reference. Similarities and differences in corruption have been identified with dishonest behavior and unethical behavior. Subsequently, theoretical models on corruption identified in the literature were presented, and their main characteristics and limitations were pointed out. After describing the models, the AMC was presented and its advantages over the previous models were discussed. Finally, it was concluded that the AMC could be configured as a theoretical model that guides interdisciplinary studies on corruption, allowing for a more complete analysis compared to previous theoretical models identified in the literature.
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Wang X, Yang J, Wang P, Lei L. Childhood maltreatment, moral disengagement, and adolescents' cyberbullying perpetration: Fathers' and mothers' moral disengagement as moderators. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Liang Y, Liu L, Tan X, Dang J, Li C, Gu Z. The moderating effect of general system justification on the relationship between unethical behavior and self-esteem. SELF AND IDENTITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2018.1541328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyun Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Dang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zibei Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Zhao H, Zhang H, Xu Y. How social face consciousness influences corrupt intention: Examining the effects of Honesty–Humility and moral disengagement. The Journal of Social Psychology 2018; 159:443-458. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2018.1507992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heyun Zhang
- Shanghai University of Political Science and Law
| | - Yan Xu
- Beijing Normal University
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