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Yi S, Tian X, Qin X, Zhang Y, Guan S, Chen Z, Cai D, Wu D, Wang R, Ma Z, Wang M, Zhang X. Effects of Yeast Cultures on Growth Performance, Fiber Digestibility, Ruminal Dissolved Gases, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Activity of Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:1452. [PMID: 40427329 PMCID: PMC12108184 DOI: 10.3390/ani15101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2025] [Revised: 05/10/2025] [Accepted: 05/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of yeast culture (YC) supplementation on growth performance, dietary nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation characteristics, methane (CH4) synthesis potential, ruminal bacterial composition, antioxidant and immune capacities in beef cattle. Thirty-six finishing Simmental beef cattle were employed for this experiment. The experiment included three dietary treatments: the basal diet (CON), the basal diet supplemented with Diamon V XP (XP; 50 g/day per cattle), and the basal diet supplemented with Keliben (KLB; 50 g/day per cattle). Various metabolites, such as acetophenone (12.7%), ascorbic acid (10.3%), citric acid (7.25%), D-(+)-proline (6.42%), succinic acid (5.70%), betaine (5.65%) and DL-malic acid (2.62%) were abundant in XP; and ascorbic acid (14.0%), oleamide (9.23%), citric acid (6.03%), betaine (5.88%), succinic acid (4.42%), indole-3-acrylic acid (2.85%) and DL-malic acid (1.73%) were abundant in KLB. Supplementing YC to the cattle increased the apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and ADF, and tended to increase average daily gain. The supplementation of YC to the cattle had no effect on the rumen fermentation pathway as reflected by the unaltered molar percentage of acetate or propionate. The supplementation of XP decreased the concentration of rumen dissolved CH4, although no effect on the concentration of dissolved hydrogen was observed. The supplementation of KLB to the cattle increased Paraprevotella relative abundance, while the supplementation of XP decreased Euryarchaeota relative abundance in the rumen. Supplementing XP to the cattle increased serum GSH-Px, catalase and T-AOC concentrations, and was accompanied by decreased MAD concentration, indicating improved antioxidant capacity. Supplementing XP to the cattle increased the concentrations of serum IgA, IgG, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ and C4, compared with the CON group, and the KLB group had higher concentrations of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-10, IFN-γ, C3 and C4 compared with the CON and XP groups, which revealed that both XP and KLB can improve the immune function, and that KLB showed a stronger effect. Overall, the supplementation of YC is beneficial to the nutrient digestibility, growth performance and health of beef cattle. Furthermore, XP was more effective than KLB in improving antioxidant capacity and reducing CH4 production, while KLB was more effective in improving the immune capacity of beef cattle than XP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Y.); (R.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Xu Tian
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (X.T.); (S.G.); (D.W.)
| | - Xianwu Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Yeast, Yichang 443000, China; (X.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Yeast, Yichang 443000, China; (X.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Shuang Guan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (X.T.); (S.G.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhongping Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Yeast, Yichang 443000, China; (X.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Daliang Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Yeast, Yichang 443000, China; (X.Q.); (Y.Z.); (Z.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Duanqin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (X.T.); (S.G.); (D.W.)
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Y.); (R.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Y.); (R.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (S.Y.); (R.W.); (M.W.)
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Liu C, Cheng J, Xie Y, Ouyang K, Qu M, Pan K, Qiu Q. Dynamic Changes in Rumen Microbial Diversity and Community Composition Within Rumen Fluid in Response to Various Storage Temperatures and Preservation Times. Vet Sci 2025; 12:234. [PMID: 40266907 PMCID: PMC11946841 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of storage temperature and preservation time on the microbial diversity and community composition of rumen fluid. Rumen fluid samples were collected from six Hu sheep fed on a high-forage diet and stored at -80 °C and -20 °C for intervals of 0, 7, 14, 30, 60, 120, and 240 days. DNA was extracted at each time point for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate the rumen microbial diversity and community composition. The results showed that storage temperature affected only the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, with no substantial impact on alpha-diversity or other microbial groups (p > 0.05), and no significant interaction effects were observed between storage temperature and preservation time (p > 0.05). Alpha-diversity indices such as Chao1, observed species, and PD whole tree showed dynamic changes after 7 days of storage, while the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota and Christensenellaceae R-7 group, as well as the energy metabolism metabolic pathway, exhibited significant alterations after 14 days of storage (p < 0.05). Notably, Patescibacteria, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Veillonellaceae UCG-001 abundances demonstrated significant changes after 240 days of storage (p < 0.05). Both principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed distinct overlaps. This study suggests that storing rumen fluid at -80 °C and -20 °C does not influence rumen microbial diversity and community composition, whereas the storage time significantly impacts these factors, with most differences emerging after 14 days of preservation. Consequently, it is advised that the analysis of microbial diversity and community composition in rumen fluid samples be conducted within 14 days post-collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qinghua Qiu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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