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Saleh SMM, Mohamed IA, Fathy M, Sayed AEDH. Neuro-hepatopathological changes in juvenile Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sublethal concentrations of commercial herbicides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103871. [PMID: 35500867 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study estimates the impact of different common herbicides on antioxidant defenses and histological structure of liver and spinal cord of juvenile tilapia. Eighty-four fish were divided into seven groups: group 1 fish acted as controls and the remaining fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of acetochlor, bispyribac-sodium, bentazon, bensulfuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, or quinclorac at sublethal concentrations 2.625, 0.800, 36.00, 2.50, 1.275, and 11.250 mg/l, respectively, for 96 h. Antioxidant parameters changed in response to some test herbicides and the greatest effects were caused by exposure to acetochlor and quinelorac for all antioxidant measurements. Prominent histological changes in liver tissue included loss of liver architecture and the appearance of fatty liver cells, necrotic areas, foci of leukocytic infiltration and many apoptotic cells. The most obvious changes in the spinal cord in all treated fish were degradation of myelinated white matter fibers with the emergence of empty spaces, large aggregation of pyknotic neuroglial nuclei, and damaged areas in the dorsal horn of gray matter. Collectively, the harmful effect of tested herbicides on antioxidant capacity and significant alterations in histological structures of liver and spinal cord of Oreochromis niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M M Saleh
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Mohamed
- Plant protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fathy
- Plant protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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2
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Borges ACP, Piassão JFG, Albani SM, Albertoni EF, Martins MC, Cansian RL, Valduga AT, Hepp LU, Mielniczki-Pereira AA. Multiple metals and agricultural use affects oxidative stress biomarkers in freshwater Aegla crabs. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e230147. [PMID: 33729329 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.230147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals and agrochemicals are among the main aquatic contaminants, being able to trigger oxidative stress in exposed organisms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the correlation between the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in Aegla crabs (Crustacea, Anomura) with (i) the set of metals present in the streams sediment and (ii) with land uses of three hydrographic basins. The study was carried out in streams (≤ 2nd order) of hydrographic basins in southern Brazil (Basins of Rio Suzana, Rio Ligeirinho-Leãozinho and Rio Dourado). In these streams were quantified the land uses and Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations in the sediment. The enzymes Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Reductase (GR), as well as the level of membrane lipid peroxidation (TBARS), were analyzed in adult females. The PCA analysis showed that the distribution of metals was different between the basins. Cd, Cr and Fe were correlated positively with CAT and negatively with TBARS and GR. The Dourado basin had the lowest concentrations of these three metals and the highest levels of TBARS. However, in Dourado basin there is predominance of agriculture land use, and TBARS was positively correlated with agricultural land use. Besides in Dourado basin, GR activity was higher than in the others basins, indicating a compensatory response in relation to CAT inhibition. The basins of Suzana and Ligeirinho-Leãozinho rivers had lower TBARS values, which may be due to the induction of CAT in response to metals accumulated in sediment. In summary, this work indicates that in the basins with a higher concentration of toxic metals there is an adaptive response of CAT induction, which reduces TBARS in Aegla. On the other hand, in the basin with lower metallic contamination, TBARS occurrence was primarily influenced by agricultural land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C P Borges
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - J F G Piassão
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - S M Albani
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - E F Albertoni
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - M C Martins
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - R L Cansian
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - A T Valduga
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - L U Hepp
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Erechim, RS, Brasil
| | - A A Mielniczki-Pereira
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Erechim, RS, Brasil
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3
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Pradhan D, Singh RK, Verma SK. Genotoxic Potential Assessment of the Herbicide Bispyribac-Sodium in a Fresh Water Fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:715-720. [PMID: 32970224 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic potential of herbicide bispyribac-sodium was evaluated in fish Clarias batrachus using micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay. Fish were exposed to three environmentally relevant test concentrations of the herbicide for 20, 25 and 30 days. Significant effects (p < 0.05) for both concentration and duration of exposure were observed in herbicide exposed fish. Similar trend of DNA damage was observed through MN test and comet assay. Maximum DNA damage was observed in fish exposed to highest concentration of herbicide at all duration. Maximum damage was observed on day 25 at all concentrations followed by a decline. This study established C. batrachus as an ecotoxicological model for bispyribac-sodium induced genotoxicity testing. It further confirmed that both MN test and comet assay are useful tool for assessment of genotoxicity induced by water pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Pradhan
- Department of Zoology, Dr. C. V. Raman University, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India
| | | | - Sushant Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India.
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Sharif SNM, Hashim N, Isa IM, Bakar SA, Saidin MI, Ahmad MS, Mamat M, Hussein MZ. Controlled release formulation of zinc hydroxide nitrate intercalated with sodium dodecylsulphate and bispyribac anions: A novel herbicide nanocomposite for paddy cultivation. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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Fathy M, Mohamed IA, Farghal AIA, Temerak SAH, Sayed AEDH. Hemotoxic effects of some herbicides on juvenile of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30857-30865. [PMID: 31446602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the residues of some common and widely used herbicides (acetochlor, bispyribac-sodium, bentazon, bensulfuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, and quinclorac) were detected in the surface water, soil, sediments, and fish tissues as the agricultural drainage problems. In this study, juveniles of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of these herbicides as 2.625, 0.800, 36.00, 2.50, 1.275, and 11.250 mg/l for acetochlor, bispyribac-sodium, bentazon, bensulfuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, and quinclorac respectively for 96 h. Some hemato-biochemical parameters were evaluated. In comparison with the control group, sub-lethal concentrations of all tested herbicides induced alterations in the shape of erythrocytes. Also, in all tested herbicides, hematological parameters of exposed fish exhibited a significant decrease in red blood cell count except bentazon. However, all tested herbicides showed an insignificant reduction in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and total white blood cells except bensulfuron-methyl. For biochemical parameters, most tested herbicides induced a significant increase in levels of cholesterol, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total plasma protein (only with acetochlor), urea, and creatinine (except bentazon and halosulfuron-methyl that exhibited non-significant decrease in creatinine level) compared with the control. In conclusion, the fish blood profiles can be used as good biomarkers for laboratory study to assess the toxicity of the tested rice herbicides at a sub-acute level especially acetochlor on O. niloticus. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fathy
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Mohamed
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I A Farghal
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Sobhy A H Temerak
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Hemalatha D, Nataraj B, Rangasamy B, Shobana C, Ramesh M. DNA damage and physiological responses in an Indian major carp Labeo rohita exposed to an antimicrobial agent triclosan. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1463-1484. [PMID: 31222661 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of triclosan (TCS) in an Indian major carp Labeo rohita. The 96-h LC50 value of triclosan to L. rohita was found to be 0.39 mg L-1. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.039 mg L-1, treatment I and 0.078 mg L-1, treatment II) of TCS for 35 days, and certain hematobiochemical, antioxidant, histopathological responses were measured. Compared to the control group, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the values and genotoxicity of hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and erythrocyte (RBC) in TCS-exposed fish, but the values of leucocyte count (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were found to be increased. A biphasic response in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) value was observed during the study period (35 days). Significant (p < 0.05) alterations in plasma biochemical parameters (glucose and protein), electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl-), and transaminases (GOT and GPT) were observed in fish treated with TCS in both treatments. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was found to be decreased in fish treated with TCS in both treatments. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant index levels have also fluctuated in all the tissues (gill, liver, and kidney). The histological lesions were comparatively more severe in the gill than the liver and kidney. Comet assay showed DNA damage on exposure at two sublethal concentrations. The present results suggest that TCS is highly toxic to fish even at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, PSG Arts and Science College, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, PSG Arts and Science College, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India.
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Ahmad F, Ashraf N, Da-Chuan Y, Jabeen H, Anwar S, Wahla AQ, Iqbal S. Application of a novel bacterial consortium BDAM for bioremediation of bispyribac sodium in wheat vegetated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:58-65. [PMID: 30978631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant-bacterial mutualism has tremendous potential for remediation of herbicide contaminated soils. Generally, bacterial inoculation helps plants to grow well in the contaminated environment. Here, we investigated the impact of bispyribac sodium (BS) degrading bacterial consortium (BDAM) on BS remediation, plant growth promotion and BS accumulation in plant parts. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) was planted in BS spiked soil and inoculated with BDAM. Inoculation showed a beneficial effect on plant biomass production and degradation of BS in the rhizosphere and the rhizosheath. After 40 and 60 days of inoculation, the degradation of BS was more than 96% and approximately 100% respectively in the planted and inoculated soil spiked with 2 and 5 mg kg-1 BS. However, in planted and un-inoculated soil, the degradation of BS was 72% after 60 days of sowing. Furthermore, inoculated bacterial strains colonized both in rhizo- and endosphere of the inoculated plants. In comparison with the un-inoculated soil, significantly less accumulation of BS was found in the roots and shoots of the plants growing in inoculated soil. We report the efficiency of plant-bacterial partnership for enhanced biodegradation of BS and to eliminate the BS residual toxicity to non-target plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Ahmad
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Noreen Ashraf
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Yin Da-Chuan
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Hina Jabeen
- Assistant Prof. Head Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Samina Anwar
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadeer Wahla
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Iqbal
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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8
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Nasar A. Degradative treatment of bispyribac sodium herbicide from synthetically contaminated water by colloidal MnO 2 dioxide in the absence and presence of surfactants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:451-457. [PMID: 29063826 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1396500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bispyribac sodium (BS) is one of the most commonly used herbicides used to kill selectively unwanted herbs particularly in rice plantation. However, the increasing use of herbicides in agricultural field is associated with a potential risk to water resources and aquatic system. Thus, the treatment of such pesticides after fulfillment of their herbicidal activity is of quite interest to minimize the contamination of water. The degradation kinetics of BS from synthetic contaminated water by water-soluble colloidal MnO2 in acidic medium (HClO4) has been studied spectrophotometrically in the absence and presence of different surfactants. The degradation has been observed to be fractionally ordered in both BS and HClO4 under pseudo-first-order reaction condition with respect to MnO2. The anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) has been observed to be ineffective whereas the cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) causes flocculation with oppositely charged colloidal MnO2 and therefore could not be studied further. However, the non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) has been observed to accelerate the reaction rate. The catalytic effect of this surfactant has been analyzed and discussed in the light of the available mathematical model. The kinetic data have been used to generate the various activation parameters accompanying the degradation process of BS in the absence and presence of the non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Nasar
- a Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh , India
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9
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Sposito JCV, Montagner CC, Casado M, Navarro-Martín L, Jut Solórzano JC, Piña B, Grisolia AB. Emerging contaminants in Brazilian rivers: Occurrence and effects on gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:696-704. [PMID: 29960196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that are not commonly monitored despite having the potential of entering the environment and causing adverse ecological and/or human health effects. This study aimed to determine whether ECs are present in the surface waters of two rivers in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, and evaluate the effects of ECs mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations on zebrafish (Danio rerio) gene expression. ECs concentrations were determined using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ECs most frequently detected were caffeine, imidacloprid, 2-hydroxy atrazine, tebuthiuron, atrazine, and bisphenol A. We used these data to reconstruct ECs mixtures reflecting environmental concentrations, codenamed T1, T2, and T3. No effects were observed, so the concentrations were increased. After a preliminary evaluation of the No Observed Effect Concentration for each mixture, we analyzed changes in the expression of zebrafish target genes (cyp1a, hsp70, cat, sod1, tsh, cyp19a1a, cyp19a1b, cyp26b1, casp8, sox2, cyb561d2, and thrb). cat was overrepresented in T1 and underrepresented in the other treatments. All of the mixtures induced the expression of cyp19a1b, which is a marker for (xeno-)estrogen exposure, and two of them increased the expression of cyp1a, which is used to indicate the presence of dioxin-like compounds. The rivers studied had low EC concentrations, and there was no indication of any harmful effects on the zebrafish. However, intensive agricultural activity may result in unsuspected peaks of EC pollution, and subsequent negative effects on living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C V Sposito
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados/UFGD, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Casado
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexeia B Grisolia
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados/UFGD, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Lu J, Zhang M, Lu L. Tissue Metabolism, Hematotoxicity, and Hepatotoxicity of Trichlorfon in Carassius auratus gibelio After a Single Oral Administration. Front Physiol 2018; 9:551. [PMID: 29875675 PMCID: PMC5974549 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichlorfon is a most widely used organophosphate insecticide in aquaculture, many successful results have been reported for bath treatments of trichlorfon to control parasites. However, immersion treatments of large stocks with trichlorfon has caused serious environmental pollution. In contrast, oral administration treatment has advantages on reducing environmental pollution and having little effect in non-targeted species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trichlorfon on Carassius auratus gibelio physiology after a single oral administration. In this study, Carassius auratus gibelio was subjected to oral gavage with various concentrations of trichlorfon (0.5 g/kg, 1 g/kg, and 2 g/kg). The trichlorfon concentration in the plasma and liver tissue was quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry at different time points. At the beginning of oral exposure, the uptake of trichlorfon in the plasma and liver tissue was fast, and trichlorfon was rapidly eliminated to a low level within 24 h. In addition, acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities in the plasma and liver tissue changed significantly after trichlorfon exposure. Additionally, vacuolar degeneration, necrosis, and congestion of the central vein were observed in the liver after trichlorfon exposure, as assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Our results suggested that trichlorfon could accumulate and induce hematotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in the plasma and liver tissue, the toxicity induced by trichlorfon might result in physiological disturbances in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minli Zhang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Fishery Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Glisic B, Hrubik J, Fa S, Dopudj N, Kovacevic R, Andric N. Transcriptional profiles of glutathione-S-Transferase isoforms, Cyp, and AOE genes in atrazine-exposed zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:233-244. [PMID: 25158112 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) superfamily consists of multiple members involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Expressional pattern of the GST isoforms in adult fish has been used as a biomarker of exposure to environmental chemicals. However, GST transcriptional responses vary across organs, thus requiring a cross-tissue examination of multiple mRNAs for GST profiling in an animal after chemical exposure. Zebrafish embryos express all GST isoforms as adult fish and could therefore represent an alternative model for identification of biomarkers of exposure. To evaluate such a possibility, we studied a set of cytosolic and microsomal GST isoform-specific expression profiles in the zebrafish embryos after exposure to atrazine, a widely used herbicide. Expression of the GST isoforms was compared with that of CYP genes involved in the phase I of xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) genes. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we showed dynamic changes in the expressional pattern of twenty GST isoforms, cyp1a, cyp3a65, ahr2, and four AOEs in early development of zebrafish. Acute (48 and 72 h) exposure of 24 h-old embryos to atrazine, from environmentally relevant (0.005 mg/L) to high (40 mg/L) concentrations, caused a variety of transient, albeit minor changes (<2.5-fold) in the GST isoforms, ahr2 and AOE genes response. However, expression of cyp1a and cyp3a65 mRNA was markedly and consistently induced by high doses of atrazine (5 and 40 mg/L). In summary, an analysis of the response of multiple systems in the zebrafish embryos provided a comprehensive understanding of atrazine toxicity and its potential impact on biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Glisic
- Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Hrubik
- Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Fa
- Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Nela Dopudj
- Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Radmila Kovacevic
- Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- Molecular and Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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Dar SA, Yousuf AR, Balkhi MUH, Ganai FA, Bhat FA. Assessment of endosulfan induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity manifested by oxidative stress pathways in freshwater cyprinid fish crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:273-283. [PMID: 25128633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, endosulfan, one of the polychlorinated pesticides still in use, has received considerable attention of a number of international regulations and restriction action plans worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the cytogenetic effects of endosulfan using robust genotoxicity assays, along with the oxidative stress pathways in order to understand biochemical mechanism, in Carassius carassius L. The LC50-96 h (95% confidence limits) value of endosulfan was 0.070 (0.046-0.093) ppm; and on its basis three test concentrations (sub-lethal I: 0.052, II: 0.035 and III: 0.017 ppm) were selected for 35 d in vivo exposure. The mean concentration of endosulfan in aquaria was always constant, when analyzed by dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction (DLLME) followed by GC-MS. Autopsy was done on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of endosulfan exposure; the micronucleus formation (MN), authenticated by scanning electron microscopy, and chromosomal aberrations (CA), were induced significantly (p<0.05) in all the treated groups, including positive control cyclophosphamide (4 ppm), when compared to negative control. Similarly lipid peroxidation (LPO) was induced significantly with the maximal at higher concentration (SL-I) on 4th day (722.45%; p<0.01). Antioxidant biomarkers like glutathione reduced, superoxide dismutase and catalase also fluctuated significantly (p<0.01) in all treatment groups. Collective findings demonstrated that genotoxic effects were invariably accompanied and correlated with increased oxidative stress and disturbance of antioxidant enzymes; and the MN and CA assays are useful tools in determining potential genotoxicity of aquatic xenobiotics and might be appropriate as a part of monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabzar Ahmad Dar
- Limnology and Fisheries Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J & K, India.
| | - Abdul Rehman Yousuf
- Limnology and Fisheries Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J & K, India
| | - Masood-ul-Hassan Balkhi
- Division of Fisheries, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), J & K, India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Ganai
- Limnology and Fisheries Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J & K, India
| | - Farooz Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Fisheries, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), J & K, India
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Ghazala, Mahboob S, Ahmad L, Sultana S, AlGhanim K, Al-Misned F, Ahmad Z. Fish Cholinesterases as Biomarkers of Sublethal Effects of Organophosphorus and Carbamates in Tissues ofLabeo Rohita. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 28:137-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - L. Ahmad
- Department of Zoology; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - S. Sultana
- Department of Zoology; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - K. AlGhanim
- Department of Zoology; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - F. Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Z. Ahmad
- Department of Zoology; College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Munaretto JS, Ferronato G, Ribeiro LC, Martins ML, Adaime MB, Zanella R. Development of a multiresidue method for the determination of endocrine disrupters in fish fillet using gas chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 116:827-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Paris-Palacios S, Delahaut L, Carreras A, Thomas M, Biagianti-Risbourg S. Catalasic activity in fish liver: improvement of the UV to visible analytic method. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:957-966. [PMID: 23224832 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidative defenses and more especially catalasic activity (CAT) are studied in a large range of scientific research thematics. In environmental sciences, the problematic of oxidative stress is of great interest as pollutants can induce perturbations of redox homeostasis. Consequently, changes in antioxidative defenses levels in fish tissues and particularly in liver are used as potential biomarkers of pollution. In most studies, the CAT was assayed by following during 5 min the consumption of H2O2 in cytosolic buffered extracts at 240 nm (UV-method). This study proposed a development of this method in the visible, using permanganate and a 525-nm detection, which was more accurate, sensitive, and rapid. Moreover, the hepatic CAT of six different fish species [a cyclidae (Nimbochromis linni), 3 cyprinidae (Brachydanio rerio, Rutilus rutilus, Cyprinus carpio), an anguillidae (Anguilla anguilla), and a percidae (Perca fluviatilus)] was evaluated with the two protocols (UV- and KMnO4-method). The results but also the thermal optimum of the reaction and the interest of CAT as biomarker in ecotoxicology were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Paris-Palacios
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie-Ecotoxicologie, Faculté des Sciences, EA4689 Interaction Animal-Environnement, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de Housse, BP 1039-51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.
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Toni C, Menezes C, Clasen B, Leitemperger J, Pretto A, Adaime MB, Leonardo Martins M, Zanella R, Lucia Loro V. Oxidative stress in carp exposed to quinclorac herbicide under rice field condition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 92:27-31. [PMID: 23474064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant profile in fish after herbicide exposure. Cyprinus carpio were exposed to quinclorac (initial concentration 344.60μg/L) for 7, 30, and 90 days under rice field condition. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated in brain, liver and muscle tissues, and protein carbonyl in liver. Enzymatic parameters such as catalase (CAT) and gluthatione S-transferase (GST) activities also were studied in liver. TBARS levels fluctuated in the brain showing increase in 7 days and decrease in 30 days, while in liver it was observed increase in 7 and 30 days, as well as in muscle after 30 and 90 days. The protein carbonyl was also increased after 30 and 90 days of herbicide exposure. CAT and GST activities were decreased after 30 and 90 days, respectively. The alterations observed suggest that a commercial formulation containing quinclorac causes oxidative damage in different tissues of carp after a long time of exposure. This study pointed out the importance of quinclorac toxicity considering the concentration used in rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cândida Toni
- Adaptive Laboratory of Biochemistry, Post-Graduation Program in Biological Science-Toxicologic Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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17
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Cavalheiro de Menezes C, Leitemperger J, Santi A, Lópes T, Veiverberg CA, Peixoto S, Bohrer Adaime M, Zanella R, Vargas Barbosa NB, Loro VL. The effects of diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio exposed to herbicide quinclorac (Facet®). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 81:91-97. [PMID: 22608528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pollutants in the aquatic environment can produce severe toxic effects on non-target organisms, including fish. These sources of contamination are numerous and include herbicides, which represent a large group of toxic chemicals. Quinclorac, an herbicide widely applied in agriculture, induces oxidative stress due to free radical generation and changes in the antioxidant defense system. The aim of this study was to assess if dietary diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)₂ has a protective effect in tissues of fish species Cyprinus carpio exposed to the quinclorac herbicide. The fish were fed with either a standard or a diet containing 3.0 mg/Kg of diphenyl diselenide for 60 d. After were exposed to 1 mg/L of Facet® (quinclorac commercial formulation) for 192 h. At the end of the experimental period, parameters as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels (TBARS), protein carbonyl, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), nonprotein thiols (NPSH) and ascorbic acid in the liver, gills, brain and muscle were evaluated in Cyprinus carpio. In fish exposed to quinclorac and feeding with standard diet TBARS levels increased in liver and gills. However, SOD activity decreases in liver whereas no alterations were observed in catalase activity in this tissue. Quinclorac also decrease GST activity in liver and brain, NPSH in brain and muscle and ascorbic acid in muscle. Concerning protein carbonyl exposed to herbicide the fish did not show any alterations. The diphenyl diselenide supplemented diet reversed these effects, preventing increases in TBARS levels in liver and gills. GST activity was recovered to control values in liver. NPSH levels in brain and muscle increased remain near to control values. These results indicated that dietary diphenyl diselenide protects tissues against quinclorac induced oxidative stress ameliorating the antioxidant properties.
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Espinoza HM, Williams CR, Gallagher EP. Effect of cadmium on glutathione S-transferase and metallothionein gene expression in coho salmon liver, gill and olfactory tissues. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 110-111:37-44. [PMID: 22257444 PMCID: PMC3321375 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a multifunctional family of phase II enzymes that detoxify a variety of environmental chemicals, reactive intermediates, and secondary products of oxidative damage. GST mRNA expression and catalytic activity have been used as biomarkers of exposure to environmental chemicals. However, factors such as species differences in induction, partial analyses of multiple GST isoforms, and lack of understanding of fish GST gene regulation, have confounded the use of GSTs as markers of pollutant exposure. In the present study, we examined the effect of exposure to cadmium (Cd), a prototypical environmental contaminant and inducer of mammalian GST, on GST mRNA expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) liver, gill, and olfactory tissues. GST expression data were compared to those for metallothionein (MT), a prototypical biomarker of metal exposure. Data mining of genomic databases led to the development of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays for salmon GST isoforms encompassing 9 subfamilies, including alpha, mu, pi, theta, omega, kappa, rho, zeta and microsomal GST. In vivo acute (8-48 h) exposures to low (3.7 ppb) and high (347 ppb) levels of Cd relevant to environmental scenarios elicited a variety of transient, albeit minor changes (<2.5-fold) in tissue GST profiles, including some reductions in GST mRNA expression. In general, olfactory GSTs were the earliest to respond to cadmium, whereas, more pronounced effects in olfactory and gill GST expression were observed at 48 h relative to earlier time points. Although evaluation of GSTs reflected a cadmium-associated oxidative stress response, there was no clear GST isoform in any tissue that could serve as a reliable biomarker of acute cadmium exposure. By contrast, metallothionein (MT) mRNA was consistently and markedly induced in all three tissues by cadmium, and among the tissues examined, olfactory MT was the most sensitive marker of cadmium exposures. In summary, coho salmon exhibit a complex GST tissue profile consisting of at least 9 isoforms, all of which are present in the peripheral olfactory system. Short-term exposure to environmental levels of Cd causes transient changes in salmon GST consistent with oxidative stress, and in some cases, includes a loss of GST. In a biomarker context, however, monitoring of tissue MT mRNA expression, especially in the peripheral olfactory system, may be of greater utility for assessing short-term environmental exposures to cadmium.
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Falfushynska HI, Gnatyshyna LL, Stoliar OB. Population-related molecular responses on the effect of pesticides in Carassius auratus gibelio. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:396-406. [PMID: 22119335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate population-related peculiarities of the adaptive responses of Carassius auratus gibelio. In order to do this, male specimens from polluted (B) and clean (Z) sites were exposed to commercial pesticides thiocarbamate Tatoo (9.1 μg·L(-1)and 91 μg·L(-1)) or tetrazine Apollo (2 μg·L(-1) and 10 μg·L(-1)) during fourteen days. The control fish from site B was distinguished by weakness of antioxidant defence (measured from superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, redox index of glutathione (GSH), superoxide anion (O(2)) and lipid peroxidation levels), imbalance of the concentrations of protein metallothionein (MT-SH) and MT-related metals (MT-Me) and neurotoxicity. Differences in glutathione-S-transferase activity in the liver and vitellogenin-like proteins in the serum were also showed between B and Z control groups. Common effects of pesticides were related to a decrease in GSH, an increase in O(2) production, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and hepatosomatic index. Apollo provoked particular elevation of MT-SH/MT-Me ratio. Population-related difference in the response was the activation of antioxidant defence in fish from site B and its inhibition in fish from site Z. The genotoxic effect of exposures was more expressed in fish from site B. Principal component analysis combine all exposed groups from site Z and control group from site B in one set, and separated each exposed group from site B. The main distinguishing index of each population selected by classification and regression tree analysis was MT-SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina I Falfushynska
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2, M. Kryvonosa Str. Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine
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Clasen B, Loro VL, Cattaneo R, Moraes B, Lópes T, de Avila LA, Zanella R, Reimche GB, Baldisserotto B. Effects of the commercial formulation containing fipronil on the non-target organism Cyprinus carpio: implications for rice-fish cultivation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 77:45-51. [PMID: 22078114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate possible toxic effects of commercial formulation containing fipronil on Cyprinus carpio tissues under rice field conditions. Antioxidant profile (SOD, catalase, glutathione S-transferase), oxidative stress parameters (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein carbonyl), and growth were investigated in carp exposed to fipronil under rice field conditions for 7, 30, and 90 days. Waterborne insecticide concentrations were measured and the detectable concentration of fipronil was observed up to 45 day after application. Common carp survival and growth was not affected by fipronil. Liver superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced while liver catalase activity was inhibited at 7, 30, and 90 days. Alterations were not observed in the glutathione S-transferase activity in any experimental periods. Protein carbonyl increased only after 30 and 90 days of exposure. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels were enhanced in all analyzed tissues (liver, muscle, and brain) and periods of exposure. This study demonstrates that fipronil insecticides cause alterations in the biochemical parameters in different tissues of carp without affecting the growth or the survival of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Clasen
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Adaptativa e de Fisiologia de Peixes, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Toni C, Ferreira D, Kreutz LC, Loro VL, Barcellos LJG. Assessment of oxidative stress and metabolic changes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) acutely exposed to different concentrations of the fungicide tebuconazole. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 83:579-584. [PMID: 21216437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to determine the lethal concentration (LC(50-96 h)) of fungicide tebuconazole for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress and metabolic changes after acute exposure to different concentrations of tebuconazole. For this purpose, several parameters were assessed as whole-body levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), protein carbonyl, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, nonprotein thiols, ascorbic acid, glycogen, glucose, lactate, protein, amino acids and ammonia in tebuconazole-exposed fish. The calculated LC(50-96 h) was 2.37 mg L(-1). Fish exhibited significant increase in TBARS levels in all concentrations used while the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants were decreased. Among the metabolic parameters, glycogen and glucose increased at 1.19 mg L(-1) and protein levels decreased at 1.78 and 2.37 mg L(-1). In conclusion, the fish health was adversely affected by exposure to tebuconazole, and those changes can compromise animal survival in the natural environment. The results indicate that the some of the parameters measured like a possible biomarkers of exposure to tebuconazole for this species of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cândida Toni
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Toxicológica e Adaptativa de Peixes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Toni C, Loro VL, Santi A, de Menezes CC, Cattaneo R, Clasen BE, Zanella R. Exposure to tebuconazol in rice field and laboratory conditions induces oxidative stress in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:128-32. [PMID: 20888428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides can have an effect on the biochemical and physiological functions of living organisms. The changes seen in fish and their response to pesticides can be used as an example for vertebrate toxicity. In this study, carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to different concentrations of tebuconazol fungicide, by rice field (31.95 μg/L) and laboratory (33.47 and 36.23 μg/L) conditional testing, during a 7 day period. Parameters such thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels (TBARS), protein carbonyl, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities were studied, using the liver, brain and white muscle of the fish. The field experiment showed that the TBARS levels were increased in all the analyzed tissues. Similarly, the protein carbonyl of the liver and the brain AChE activity increased after 7 days. The laboratory experiment demonstrated that the TBARS levels in the liver were increased in both of the concentration tests. TBARS levels in the muscle increased only by the lowest test concentration. On the other hand, the protein carbonyl was increased only by the highest concentration. The results indicate that the tebuconazol exposure from the field and laboratory conditions directly affected the health of the fish, showing the occurrence of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cândida Toni
- Adaptive Laboratory of Biochemistry, Post-Graduation Program in Biological Science, Toxicologic Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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