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Gao F, Pang J, Lu M, Liu Z, Wang M, Ke X, Yi M, Cao J. TLR5 recognizes Aeromonas hydrophila flagellin and interacts with MyD88 in Nile tilapia. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 133:104409. [PMID: 35405183 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is responsible for bacterial flagellin recognition in vertebrates. In the present study, TLR5M was identified in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (OnTLR5), containing a conserved LRR domain, a transmembrane region and a C-terminal TIR domain, similar to that of other fishes and mammals. OnTLR5 was broadly expressed in all the tissues examined, presenting the highest expression levels in the blood and the lowest in the kidney. OnTLR5 was detected from 2 d postfertilization (dpf) to 8 dpf during embryonic development. Moreover, expression levels of OnTLR5 were clearly altered in all five tissues examined in response to Streptococcus agalactiae infection in vivo. Overexpression of OnTLR5 in HEK293T cells revealed that OnTLR5 was distributed in the cytoplasm and significantly increased NF-κB activation. In response to cotransfection with OnMyd88, OnTLR5 significantly upregulated OnMyd88-induced NF-κB activation. Pulldown assays showed that OnTLR5 interacts with OnMyd88 and revealed an interaction between TLR5 and Aeromonas hydrophila flagellin. Taken together, these findings suggest that OnTLR5 plays important roles in TLR/IL-1R signalling pathways and the immune response to pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jicai Pang
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, 261021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Maixin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Xiaoli Ke
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Mengmeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jianmeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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Izutsu A, Tadokoro D, Habara S, Ugachi Y, Shimizu M. Evaluation of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding proteins as growth indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 320:114008. [PMID: 35219685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has been proposed as a growth index in several teleosts, including salmonids, and its level in circulation is stabilized by multiple IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). Three IGFBPs, IGFBP-2b, -1a, and -1b, are consistently detected in salmonid blood and are suggested to be indices of positive or negative growth, although their applicability to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is unclear. The present study examined the usefulness of IGFBPs along with IGF-I as a physiological indicator of growth rate in rainbow trout through a rearing experiment. Two groups of underyearling rainbow trout were pit-tagged and either fed or fasted for 33 days. A third group was fasted for 22 days, followed by refeeding for 11 days. Serum IGF-I levels were reduced after fasting for 22 days, but refeeding did not retore its levels to those of the fed control. Nevertheless, there was a positive relationship between serum IGF-I levels and individual growth rates over 33 days of experimentation, confirming its validity as a growth index. Ligand blotting using labeled human IGF-I revealed two IGFBP bands at 43 and 32 kDa, which corresponded to IGFBP-2b and an unidentified form, respectively. In contrast, bands corresponding to IGFBP-1a and -1b, which usually increase after fasting, were hardly detected, even in the fasted fish. The responses of circulating IGFBP-2b to fasting and refeeding were similar to those of circulating IGF-I and positively correlated with growth rate and IGF-I levels. The intensity of the serum 32-kDa IGFBP band was higher in constantly fed fish than in the fasted fish; however, its correlation with growth rate was weaker than those of IGF-I and IGFBP-2b. The present study shows that IGF-I and IGFBP-2b can be used as growth indices for rainbow trout. In contrast, circulating IGFBP-1a and -1b may not serve as negative growth indices in rainbow trout under regular aquaculture conditions because they are rarely detected by ligand blotting or respond to fasting/refeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Izutsu
- School of Fisheries Sciences, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Daiji Tadokoro
- FRD Japan, Co., Kazusa Kamatari 3-9-13, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shiori Habara
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Ugachi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Munetaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
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Khvorova IA, Nadei OV, Agalakova NI. Differential protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases in erythrocytes and liver of lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis on the course of prespawning starvation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 264:111108. [PMID: 34728403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to identify the types of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in erythrocytes and liver tissues of river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and monitor the changes in protein expression levels of found enzymes on the course of prespawning starvation (from November to the end of May). Immunoreactivity of the native and phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 was examined in the cytosolic and membrane cell fractions. Both lamprey erythrocytes and liver were found to highly express ERK1/2 and JNK, whereas only trace amounts of p38 were revealed in hepatic tissues. ERK1/2 was identified in cytosolic and membrane fractions, whereas JNK and p38 were predominantly cytosolic enzymes. Total cellular amounts of ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 in both erythrocytes and liver tissues appeared to be relatively stable on the course of prespawning starvation. However, before spawning ERK1/2 translocated from cytosol to membranes, with partial decline of its cytoplasmic expression being compensated by increases in membrane-bound pool. Immunoreactivity of cytoplasmic JNK, phospho-JNK and p38 were stable from November to March, but sharply decreased before spawning exhibiting almost negligible levels in May, which suggests the depletion of their cellular fractions. Most probably, ERK1/2 plays more important role in mediating adaptive responses of erythrocytes and liver tissues to conditions of natural starvation and maintenance of cell viability before spawning and death of animals in May.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Khvorova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Olga V Nadei
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia I Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
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Droma D, Kumar S, Paul T, Pal P, Saharan N, Kumar K, Poojary N. Biomarkers for assessing chronic toxicity of carbamazepine, an anticonvulsants drug on Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 87:103691. [PMID: 34153508 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, carbamazepine (CBZ) as an anticonvulsants drug has raised attention because of its safety concern in the aquatic environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of CBZ (1%, 0.1 % and 0.01 % of 96 h LC50) on P. hypophthalmus for 60 days based on haematological, biochemical, and genotoxicity biomarkers. Chronic exposure of CBZ altered blood profiles (total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum biomarkers such as alkaline phosphates, cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase and transaminase enzymes. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were also substantially affected in all treatments. Genotoxicity study revealed the formation of micronucleus in erythrocytes of exposed fish. Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) study showed cholesterol, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) in serum and SOD, CAT in liver tissue are the best organ-based enzyme biomarkers. The present report concludes that an environmentally realistic concentration of CBZ can pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawa Droma
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - Tapas Paul
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Neelam Saharan
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Nalini Poojary
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400 061, India
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Wangkaghart E, Deville S, Wang B, Srisapoome P, Wang T, Secombes CJ. Immune response and protective efficacy of two new adjuvants, Montanide™ ISA 763B VG and Montanide™ GEL02, administered with a Streptococcus agalactiae ghost vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 116:19-29. [PMID: 34153428 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most important pathogens infecting tilapia worldwide and causes meningoencephalitis, septicemia and high mortalities with considerable losses. Various types of vaccines have been developed against S. agalactiae infection, such as inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines and subunit vaccines. Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are nonliving, empty cell envelopes and have been reported as novel vaccine candidates. Therefore, the main aims of this study were to develop an S. agalactiae ghost vaccine (SAGV) and to evaluate the immune response and protective effect of SAGV against S. agalactiae with two novel adjuvants, Montanide™ ISA 763B VG and Montanide™ GEL02. Nile tilapia, mean weight 50 g, were divided into four groups as follows; 1) fish injected with PBS as control, 2) fish injected with the SAGV alone; 3) fish injected with the SAGV+Montanide™ ISA 763B VG; and 4) fish injected with SAGV+Montanide™ GEL02. Following vaccination, innate immunity parameters including serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, catalase, and bactericidal activity were all significantly enhanced. Moreover, specific serum IgM antibodies were induced and reached their highest level 2-8 weeks post vaccination. Importantly, the relative percent survival of tilapia vaccinated against the SAGV formulated with both adjuvants was 80-93%. Furthermore, the transcription of immune-related genes (IgM, TCRβ, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNFα) were up-regulated in tilapia after vaccination, indicating that both cellular and humoral immune responses were induced by these adjuvanted vaccines. In summary, Montanide™ ISA 763B VG and Montanide™ GEL02 can enhance immunoprotection induced by the SAGV vaccine against streptococcosis, demonstrating that both have value as potential adjuvants of fish vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakapol Wangkaghart
- Research Unit of Excellence for Tropical Fisheries and Technology, Division of Fisheries, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, Thailand.
| | - Sebastien Deville
- SEPPIC, Paris La Défense, 50 Boulevard National, CS 90020, 92257, La Garenne Colombes Cedex, France.
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Jatujak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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Ni M, Liu M, Lou J, Mi G, Yuan J, Gu Z. Stocking density alters growth performance, serum biochemistry, digestive enzymes, immune response, and muscle quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in in-pond raceway system. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:1243-1255. [PMID: 34226986 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of stocking density on growth performance, serum biochemistry, digestive enzymes, immune response, and muscle quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in nine in-pond raceway systems (IPRS, 22.0 m × 5.0 m × 2.0 m) were studied. M. salmoides with initial an body weight of 8.25 ± 0.51 g and body length of 6.99 ± 0.44 cm were reared at an initial stocking density of 90.91 ind./m3 (low stocking density, LSD), 113.63 ind./m3 (middle stocking density, MSD), and 136.36 ind./m3 (high stocking density, HSD) with triplication. After 300 days of culture, MSD recorded the highest final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and yield, but the food conversion ratio in MSD was the lowest. The viscerosomatic index in LSD was significantly higher than other groups. The fish serum reared at HSD showed significantly lower total protein, higher total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, glucose content, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase activity. Significantly lower intestinal amylase, lipase, trypsin activities, hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and higher malondialdehyde content were detected in HSD compared to others. The content of crude lipid, saturated fatty acid decreased, and total essential amino acid, delicious amino acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid increased in muscle with stocking density increase. No significant difference was observed in muscle texture. Profitability analysis indicated the benefit-to-cost ratio varied between 1.10 and 1.68, of which MSD was significantly higher than others. The optimal stocking density for M. salmoides should be 113.63 ind./m3 in an IPRS farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ni
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Jianfeng Lou
- Nanxun Fishery Technical Extension Center, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313002, China
| | - Guoqiang Mi
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Julin Yuan
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Freshwater Fishery Healthy Breeding Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 Hangchaoqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, China.
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Li A, Thwaite R, Kellie S, Barnes AC. Serum IgM heavy chain sub-isotypes and light chain variants revealed in giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) via protein A affinity purification, mass spectrometry and genome sequencing. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 113:42-50. [PMID: 33794338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two IgM heavy (H) chain sub-isotypes (80 and 40 kDa) and two light (L) chain variants (25 and 30 kDa) were detected in the serum of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus), purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by protein A affinity chromatography. This method yielded 5.6 mg/mL high purity IgM from grouper serum, with efficiency estimated at 39.5% recovery from crude serum. The H and L chains were identified by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry (MS). Nanopore long-read sequencing was used to generate a genomic contig (MW768935), containing Cμ, Cδ loci, VH regions, and a H chain Joining segment. cDNA sequencing of Cμ transcripts (MW768933 and MW768934) were used to polish the genomic contig and determine the exons and introns of the corresponding locus. MS peptide mapping revealed that the 80 kDa H chain consisted of CH1-4 domains while peptides from the 40 kDa H chain only mapped to CH1-2 domains. Our genomic contig showed the Cμ locus has a Cμ1-Cμ2-Cμ3-Cμ4 arrangement on the same strand as the other Ig loci identified in this genomic sequence. Our study corrects the NCBI annotations of the opposing Cμ loci (LOC117268697 and LOC117268550) in chromosome 16 (NC_047006). Further, we identified both κ and λ L chain isotypes in serum IgM. The molecular weight differences observed may result from different combinations of CL and VL genes. Putative IgM sub-isotypes have also been reported in Epinephelus itajara and Epinephelus coioides. The presence of IgM sub-isotypes may be a conserved trait among Epinephelus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Li
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Australia
| | - Rosemary Thwaite
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Australia
| | - Stuart Kellie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Andrew C Barnes
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Australia.
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Matz H, Munir D, Logue J, Dooley H. The immunoglobulins of cartilaginous fishes. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 115:103873. [PMID: 32979434 PMCID: PMC7708420 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cartilaginous fishes, comprising the chimeras, sharks, skates, and rays, split from the common ancestor with other jawed vertebrates approx. 450 million years ago. Being the oldest extant taxonomic group to possess an immunoglobulin (Ig)-based adaptive immune system, examination of this group has taught us much about the evolution of adaptive immunity, as well as the conserved and taxon-specific characteristics of Igs. Significant progress has been made analyzing sequences from numerous genomic and transcriptomic data sets. These findings have been supported by additional functional studies characterizing the Igs and humoral response of sharks and their relatives. This review will summarize what we have learned about the genomic organization, protein structure, and in vivo function of these Ig isotypes in cartilaginous fishes and highlight the areas where our knowledge is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanover Matz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danish Munir
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Ahmadifar E, Kalhor N, Dawood MAO, Ahmadifar M, Moghadam MS, Yousefi M. The blood and mRNA levels of antioxidant-related factors in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed p-Coumaric acid. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:59-68. [PMID: 33128193 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The natural antioxidants are well known for their antioxidative activity without side effects when compared to antibiotics. Hence, the present study aimed at evaluating p-Coumaric acid as an antioxidant additive on the blood and mRNA levels of antioxidant-related factors in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish fed the basal diet supplemented with p-Coumaric at 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/kg for 56 days, then the serum, intestine, and liver samples were collected. The growth performance of fish fed with CA showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved FW, WG, and SGR compared to those of the control one. However, the feed conversion ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in fish fed 1 and 1.5 g/kg diet levels. SOD was not significantly differed among the groups fed with varied p-Coumaric acid (P > 0.05). Serum GPX and TAC were enhanced considerably by p-Coumaric acid regarding the control with the highest being in fish fed 1.5 g/kg diet (P < 0.05). Serum CAT was more elevated in fish provided p-Coumaric acid at 1 or 1.5 g/kg than the control while fish fed 0.5 g/kg did not display significant changes. MDA level significantly decreased by all p-Coumaric acid groups compared to the control one, and the lowest level was observed in 1.5 g/kg (P < 0.05). The mRNA level of CAT was significantly upregulated in the liver by p-Coumaric acid at 1 or 1.5 g/kg (P < 0.05), while the intestine CAT did not influence by p-Coumaric acid (P > 0.05). The measured SOD in the liver and intestine samples revealed no changes in common carp fed p-Coumaric acid (P > 0.05). GPX was significantly upregulated in the intestine by p-Coumaric acid at 1 or 1.5 g/kg (P < 0.05), whereas the liver GPX was upregulated by p-Coumaric acid at 1.5 g/kg. The mRNA level of the GST gene in the intestine of common carp was upregulated by p-Coumaric acid at 1.5 g/kg, whereas the liver displayed upregulated GST in fish fed 1 g/kg diet. The present study approved the application of p-Coumaric acid as a natural antioxidant for friendly, sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ahmadifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesanchymal Stem Cell, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Mehdi Ahmadifar
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Technology of ACECR, Royan Institute, Cell Science Research Center, Collage of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDEN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117198
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Magnadóttir B, Kraev I, Dodds AW, Lange S. The Proteome and Citrullinome of Hippoglossus hippoglossus Extracellular Vesicles-Novel Insights into Roles of the Serum Secretome in Immune, Gene Regulatory and Metabolic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020875. [PMID: 33467210 PMCID: PMC7830382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles which are released from cells and play multifaceted roles in cellular communication in health and disease. EVs can be isolated from various body fluids, including serum and plasma, and are usable biomarkers as they can inform health status. Studies on EVs are an emerging research field in teleost fish, with accumulating evidence for important functions in immunity and homeostasis, but remain to be characterised in most fish species, including halibut. Protein deimination is a post-translational modification caused by a conserved family of enzymes, named peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), and results in changes in protein folding and function via conversion of arginine to citrulline in target proteins. Protein deimination has been recently described in halibut ontogeny and halibut serum. Neither EV profiles, nor total protein or deiminated protein EV cargos have yet been assessed in halibut and are reported in the current study. Halibut serum EVs showed a poly-dispersed population in the size range of 50–600 nm, with modal size of EVs falling at 138 nm, and morphology was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The assessment of EV total protein cargo revealed 124 protein hits and 37 deiminated protein hits, whereof 15 hits were particularly identified in deiminated form only. Protein interaction network analysis showed that deimination hits are involved in a range of gene regulatory, immune, metabolic and developmental processes. The same was found for total EV protein cargo, although a far wider range of pathways was found than for deimination hits only. The expression of complement component C3 and C4, as well as pentraxin-like protein, which were identified by proteomic analysis, was further verified in EVs by western blotting. This showed that C3 is exported in EVs at higher levels than C4 and deiminated C3 was furthermore confirmed to be at high levels in the deimination-enriched EV fractions, while, in comparison, C4 showed very low detection in deimination-enriched EV fractions. Pentraxin was exported in EVs, but not detected in the deimination-enriched fractions. Our findings provide novel insights into EV-mediated communication in halibut serum, via transport of protein cargo, including post-translationally deiminated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bergljót Magnadóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Alister W. Dodds
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207-911-5000
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11
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Taggart-Murphy L, Alama-Bermejo G, Dolan B, Takizawa F, Bartholomew J. Differences in inflammatory responses of rainbow trout infected by two genotypes of the myxozoan parasite Ceratonova shasta. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103829. [PMID: 32846161 PMCID: PMC7655565 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two genotypes of the intestinal parasite Ceratonova shasta infect Oncorhynchus mykiss: genotype 0 results in a chronic infection with low mortality while genotype IIR causes disease with high mortality. We determined parasite load and the relative expression of six immune factors (IgT, IgM, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFNG) in fish infected with either genotype over 29 days post-exposure. In genotype IIR infections the host responded with upregulation of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. In contrast, genotype 0 infection did not elicit an inflammatory response and expression of IFNG and IL-10 was lower. Antibody expression was upregulated in both infections but appeared to have limited efficacy in the virulent genotype IIR infections. Histologically, in genotype 0 infections the parasite migrated through the tissue layers causing inflammation but minimal damage to the mucosal epithelium, which contrasts with the severe pathology found in genotype IIR infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taggart-Murphy
- Department of Microbiology, 226 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Gema Alama-Bermejo
- Department of Microbiology, 226 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Brian Dolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 106 Dryden Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, Japan
| | - Jerri Bartholomew
- Department of Microbiology, 226 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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12
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Wang Y, Xie S, Nie Z, Li Q, Sun Y, Shao N, Gao J, Hu J, Xu P, Xu G. Optimum feeding frequency of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in in-pond raceway recirculating culture system. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:2197-2212. [PMID: 32865717 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency on the growth, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status and hepatic growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) gene expression levels of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in an in-pond raceway recirculating culture system (IPRS). Fish (initial body weight 5.0 ± 0.4 g) were hand-fed with a commercial diet under one of three different feeding frequency treatments (2, 3 or 4 meals/day) for 120 days. The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in the final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed different feeding frequencies on 30 days and 60 days (P > 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had higher growth than that fed 4 times/day on 90 days but had higher growth than those fed 3 and 4 times/day on 120 days. No significant differences were found in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, total protein (TP), lysozyme and triglyceride (TG) content, hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content among fish fed different feeding frequency (P > 0.05). Serum glucose (Glu) content and catalase (CAT) activity decreased, while total cholesterol (TC) content increased with increasing feeding frequency. Fish fed 2 times/day had higher hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) than that fed 4 times/day on 60 days, 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had higher IGF-1 gene mRNA expression on 30 days, 60 days and 120 days (P < 0.05), while no significant difference on 90 days. No significant difference was found in GH gene mRNA expression on 30 days and 60 days, while fish fed 4 times/day had lower values than that fed 2 times/day on 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had significantly higher LPL mRNA expression level than that fed 4 times/day on 60 days and 90 days and had significantly higher HL mRNA expression level on 60 days, 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Based on growth, physiology, hepatic gene expression levels, labour costs and intensity, the optimal feeding frequency of largemouth bass (average body weight 5.0 ± 0.4 g) reared in IPRS is 2 times/day. These data are very necessary for the optimizing of culture conditions and feeding management strategy in IPRS culture operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Suming Xie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Nailin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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13
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Demers N, Bayne C. Immediate increase of plasma protein complement C3 in response to an acute stressor. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 107:411-413. [PMID: 33191203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whereas chronic stress has immunosuppressive effects, the more immediate immunologic consequences of acute stressors are less known. We postulated that, as part of their 'fight or flight' response, rainbow trout would rapidly increase the efficacy of their natural immune system by means of increased concentrations of crucial plasma proteins. Plasma samples were taken from resting fish and from fish 5, 10 or 20 min after initiation of a stressful regime. Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, we documented increases in concentrations of complement C3 and 3 other proteins within 5 min of initiation of stress. The concentration of C3 nearly doubled within 10 min of initiation of stress and had returned to near resting level by 20 min. This rapid kinetics preclude dependence on gene activation, the basis of the acute phase response. Potentiation of natural immunity, which can reasonably be expected to be selectively advantageous during or immediately after acute stressors may be one result of this increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Demers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, 33965, USA.
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14
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Xu A, Shang-Guan J, Li Z, Gao Z, Huang YC, Chen Q. Effects of dietary asafoetida (Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen) levels on feeding attraction activity, growth performance, healthiness, and digestive enzyme activity in juvenile Lateolabrax japonicus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:1991-2003. [PMID: 32681211 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study was to investigate effects of asafoetida (Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen) powder on feeding attraction activity (FAA), growth performance, healthiness, and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile Lateolabrax japonicus. Six concentration levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g/kg diets) were formulated for luring and feeding experiment. Results showed that asafoetida could stimulate the appetite of L. japonicus at the dietary levels from 10 to 25 g/kg; reduce the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI) at 10-20 g/kg; increase the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) at 5-10 g/kg; increase the hepatosomatic index (HSI), body crude lipid content, serum total protein (TP) content, and lysozyme activity at 10-15 g/kg; decrease the moisture at 10-15 g/kg; and increase the serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity at 5-15 g/kg, when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Digestive enzyme activities including amylase (AMS) and trypsin in the intestine were significantly affected by the asafoetida powder (p < 0.05). Regression analyses between the FAA, FCR, WG, SGR, HSI, LZM, T-SOD, AMS, trypsin, and the dietary asafoetida powder levels showed that the optimal additional amount was 16.95, 13.65, 8.36, 8.15, 15.45, 9.94, 8.75, 11.77, and 7.07 g/kg, respectively, indicating that the optimal amount of asafoetida powder was located in 7.07-16.95 g/kg diet. However, combined with the significant difference analyses obtained from the current study, we would suggest the additive suitable dosage was 10 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anle Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingbo Shang-Guan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongbao Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China.
| | - Zhan Gao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Chun Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Xiamen, China
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15
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Dey S, Ballav P, Mandal A, Samanta P, Patra A, Das S, Mondal AK, Ghosh AR. Blood Biochemical and Erythrocytic Morpho-pathological Consequences of Naphthalene Intoxication in Indian Teleost, Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 80:103490. [PMID: 32911098 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anabas testudineus (Bloch) was exposed to 0.71 mg/L and 1.42 mg/L (25 and 50% of LC50 value respectively) naphthalene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), for 21 days. Blood biochemical parameters and erythrocytic morphological alterations were assessed to describe the naphthalene toxicity. Biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT (576.7 ± 11.79 and 608.9 ± 12.08 U/L, respectively) and alkaline phosphatase, ALP (12.9 ± 0.69 and 13.4 ± 0.64 U/L, respectively) activities under two doses compared with control. Protein and albumin (ALB) content in blood decreased significantly, in comparison with control value in the tune of 22.67 ± 1.04 and 23.97 ± 1.24 g/dl, respectively and 10.7 ± 0.79 and 11.1 ± 0.67 g/dl, respectively. Erythrocytes showed varied symptomatic morphological changes under naphthalene exposure, which included severe denaturation, swelling in cells, appearance of sickle and tear drop cells, and cellular vacuolation. In particularly, the changes were more prominent under higher naphthalene exposure. Following the results, it has been able to establish that GPT, ALP, protein and ALB, and the morphological manifestations of erythrocytes would be good tools of biomarker in monitoring toxicological paradigm, especially to naphthalene exposure in aquatic bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Dey
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Puspita Ballav
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arghya Mandal
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Palas Samanta
- Department of Environmental Science, Sukanta Mahavidyalaya, University of North Bengal, Dhupguri, West Bengal, India.
| | - Atanu Patra
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhas Das
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Kumar Mondal
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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16
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Liu PF, Xia Y, Hua XT, Fan K, Li X, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Quantitative proteomic analysis in serum of Takifugu rubripes infected with Cryptocaryon irritans. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 104:213-221. [PMID: 32534232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans can cause cryptocaryonosis (white spot disease) in marine fish but the pathogenesis of the disease is unclear. In this work, we used high-throughput proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins in the serum of Takifugu rubripes challenged with C. irritans. By using quantitative proteomic assays combined with Tandem Mass Tag-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified a total of 2088 differentially abundant proteins (1706 proteins were quantified, p < 0.05, fold-change threshold ≥ 2), including 21 up-regulated and 44 down-regulated. Combined with STRING-based functional analysis, we ultimately obtained eight proteins including glucokinase-like, integrin beta-1-like isoform X2, H4, H2A.V, histone H1-like, histone H2AX-like, histone H2B 1/2-like and myosin-9 isoform X1, which could be considered as potential biomarkers for T. rubripes immune responses. Eight proteins that were selected to validate significant differentially expressed genes at the proteomic level were consistent with qPCR at the transcriptomic level. The proteins identified in our work may serve as candidates for elucidating the molecular mechanism of cryptocaryonosis in T. rubripes. Our collective findings could provide new insights into searching for disease-specific targets and biomarkers, which may be effective indicators of C. irritans infection in T. rubripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yuqing Xia
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xin-Tong Hua
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kunpeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaohao Li
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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17
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Gao XQ, Fei F, Huo HH, Huang B, Meng XS, Zhang T, Liu BL. Impact of nitrite exposure on plasma biochemical parameters and immune-related responses in Takifugu rubripes. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 218:105362. [PMID: 31783303 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a major environmental pollutant in aquatic environments that negatively affects aquatic species. In this study, we investigated the impact of nitrite exposure on plasma biochemical parameters and immune responses in Takifugu rubripes. Fish were exposed to various concentrations of nitrite (0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 mM) for 96 h. After 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h of exposure, fish blood samples were collected to assay the levels of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), complement C3 (C3), complement C4 (C4), immunoglobulin (IgM), and lysozyme activity (LZM). The gills were sampled to analyze the mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α), B-cell activating factor (baff), interleukin-6 (il-6), and interleukin-12 (il-12). Levels of GOT, ALT, C3, and C4 were significantly enhanced in the high nitrite concentration group (3 and 6 mM), whereas those of TP, Alb, LZM, and IgM decreased significantly with the same treatments. Nitrite significantly upregulated hsp70, hsp90, tnf-α, il-6, il-12, and baff mRNA levels after 96 h of exposure. These results indicated that nitrite exposure altered the blood physiological status and immune system response, resulting in dysfunction and immunotoxicity in T. rubripes. Furthermore, our results reveal the possible mechanism of aquatic-nitrite-induced toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Huan Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Song Meng
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dalian Tianzheng Industrial Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Chen DD, Li JH, Yao YY, Zhang YA. Aeromonas hydrophila suppresses complement pathways via degradation of complement C3 in bony fish by metalloprotease. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 94:739-745. [PMID: 31561026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogen that causes high mortality in the grass carp. The complement system, as a frontline defence of innate immunity, plays an important role in the immune response against pathogens. However, the immunity evasion mechanism of A. hydrophila against the complement system of grass carp remains unclear. In this study, we described an additional mechanism used by A. hydrophila GD18 to evade the complement system and survive in grass carp serum. First, A. hydrophila evaded the bactericidal activity of grass carp serum. Second, the haemolytic activity assays showed that A. hydrophila obviously suppressed the alternative pathway, which depended on preventing the formation or disabling the function of the membrane-attack complex (MAC). Further research indicated that A. hydrophila targeted complement C3, the central component of the three complement pathways, and degraded it in the grass carp serum, leading to the inhibition of the complement pathways, which resulted in the serum-resistance of A. hydrophila. Furthermore, cleavage analyses showed that extracellular proteases (ECPases) of A. hydrophila efficiently cleaved purified C3 as well as C3 in grass carp serum. Finally, protease inhibitor studies and mass spectrum analysis identified the secreted metalloprotease elastase (AhE), which was present in large amounts in crude ECPases, as the central molecule responsible for C3 cleavage. Compared to wild strain GD18, the AhE knockout, Δahe was dramatically reduced in the ability of serum resistance. Our findings suggested that A. hydrophila escaped serum-killing by suppressing the complement pathways via the degradation of complement C3 in bony fish, which was related to secreted metalloproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Fathy M, Mohamed IA, Farghal AIA, Temerak SAH, Sayed AEDH. Hemotoxic effects of some herbicides on juvenile of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:30857-30865. [PMID: 31446602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the residues of some common and widely used herbicides (acetochlor, bispyribac-sodium, bentazon, bensulfuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, and quinclorac) were detected in the surface water, soil, sediments, and fish tissues as the agricultural drainage problems. In this study, juveniles of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of these herbicides as 2.625, 0.800, 36.00, 2.50, 1.275, and 11.250 mg/l for acetochlor, bispyribac-sodium, bentazon, bensulfuron-methyl, halosulfuron-methyl, and quinclorac respectively for 96 h. Some hemato-biochemical parameters were evaluated. In comparison with the control group, sub-lethal concentrations of all tested herbicides induced alterations in the shape of erythrocytes. Also, in all tested herbicides, hematological parameters of exposed fish exhibited a significant decrease in red blood cell count except bentazon. However, all tested herbicides showed an insignificant reduction in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and total white blood cells except bensulfuron-methyl. For biochemical parameters, most tested herbicides induced a significant increase in levels of cholesterol, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total plasma protein (only with acetochlor), urea, and creatinine (except bentazon and halosulfuron-methyl that exhibited non-significant decrease in creatinine level) compared with the control. In conclusion, the fish blood profiles can be used as good biomarkers for laboratory study to assess the toxicity of the tested rice herbicides at a sub-acute level especially acetochlor on O. niloticus. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fathy
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Mohamed
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I A Farghal
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Sobhy A H Temerak
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Criscitiello MF, Kraev I, Lange S. Deiminated proteins in extracellular vesicles and plasma of nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) - Novel insights into shark immunity. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:249-255. [PMID: 31200072 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are phylogenetically conserved calcium-dependent enzymes which post-translationally convert arginine into citrulline in target proteins in an irreversible manner, causing functional and structural changes in target proteins. Protein deimination causes generation of neo-epitopes, affects gene regulation and also allows for protein moonlighting. Extracellular vesicles are found in most body fluids and participate in cellular communication via transfer of cargo proteins and genetic material. In this study, post-translationally deiminated proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are described for the first time in shark plasma. We report a poly-dispersed population of shark plasma EVs, positive for phylogenetically conserved EV-specific markers and characterised by TEM. In plasma, 6 deiminated proteins, including complement and immunoglobulin, were identified, whereof 3 proteins were found to be exported in plasma-derived EVs. A PAD homologue was identified in shark plasma by Western blotting and detected an expected 70 kDa size. Deiminated histone H3, a marker of neutrophil extracellular trap formation, was also detected in nurse shark plasma. This is the first report of deiminated proteins in plasma and EVs, highlighting a hitherto unrecognized post-translational modification in key immune proteins of innate and adaptive immunity in shark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Igor Kraev
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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21
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Pan WQ, Wang JP, Tu ZH, Gan T, Hu J, Wei J, Leng XJ, Li XQ. Cloning, molecular characterization, and tissue differential expression of connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) of grass carp. Fish Physiol Biochem 2019; 45:1431-1443. [PMID: 31267430 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) is involved in the proliferation, migration, adhesion of cell, and the constituent of extracellular matrix, which plays an important role in embryogenesis, angiogenesis, wound repair, and fibrosis diseases. In this study, the cDNA sequence of grass carp ctgf gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method; then, the characteristics of this gene and the predicted protein sequence were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the tissue differential expression pattern was detected by the quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the grass carp ctgf gene has a full-length of 2223 bp, encoding 343 amino acids. The deduced CTGF protein is a hydrophilic and secretary protein with a molecular mass of 37,978.2 Da and an isoelectric point of 8.22. The signal peptide locates between residue positions 1 and 22 of the polypeptide chain. The protein contains α-helix, β-strand, and loops. The CTGF protein of grass carp shows a homology of 98%, 96%, 91%, and 91% with Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), zebrafish (Danio rerio), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus). The grass carp ctgf gene expressed significantly higher in blood and spleen than that in other tissues (P < 0.05). The low expression tissues included the heart, gill, skin, muscle, kidney, brain, and intestinal, and the lowest expression tissue was the liver. The results are consistent with the function of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Pan
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun-Peng Wang
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tu
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tian Gan
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Wei
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Leng
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, No.999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, No.999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Xu M, Wang T, Wang J, Wan W, Wang Z, Guan D, Sun H. An evaluation of mixed plant protein in the diet of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio): growth, body composition, biochemical parameters, and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1. Fish Physiol Biochem 2019; 45:1331-1342. [PMID: 31011873 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of mixed plant protein (MP) (rapeseed meal:cottonseed meal:peanut meal = 1:1:1) on growth, body composition, blood biochemical parameters, growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1, and relative non-specific immune response in Yellow River carp Cyprinus carpio. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic trial diets were formulated to replace fish meal at 0 (MP0, control), 25% (MP25), 50% (MP50), 75% (MP75), and 100% (MP100) mixed plant protein, respectively. The 25% mixed plant protein did not affect the weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio, whereas these parameters were depressed by 50% and above mixed plant protein. The whole body protein content gradually decreased with increasing dietary MP; meanwhile, the whole body lipid content is the opposite. The MP75 and MP100 diets adversely affected the glucose level, total cholesterol value, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase activity of serum. Fish fed MP75 and MP100 diets showed higher growth hormone level than that of MP0 diet; however, the insulin-like growth factor 1 level got the opposite result. The 50% and above inclusion of MP decreased lysozyme activity and increased malondialdehyde content. In conclusion, no more than 50% of fish meal could be replaced by mixed plant protein in diet. However, 50% and above inclusion of mixed plant protein in diet could depress the growth, insulin-like growth factor 1 level, and non-specific immune response, and significantly affect the whole body composition and serum biochemical parameters in Yellow River carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Lab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Lab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Lab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Wenju Wan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical University, 2 Yingsheng East Road, Tai'an, Shandong Province, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Lab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongyan Guan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Lab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huiwen Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Lab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Environmental Health, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
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Di Natale A, Jarau M, Russell SK, Horricks RA, Lillie BN, Dixon B, Lumsden JS. Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) type IV ice-structuring protein LS-12 in the acute-phase response to Flavobacterium psychrophilum infection. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:975-984. [PMID: 31066066 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A previous proteomic study examining the plasma acute-phase response of rainbow trout to sterile inflammation highlighted an unidentified 9.5-kDa spot using 2D-PAGE, which was dramatically increased. The 15 amino acid sequence obtained from this protein spot allowed rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR to generate a 443-bp nucleotide sequence that was 98.6% similar to type-4 ice-structuring protein LS-12 from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Linnaeus. Quantitative reverse translation PCR and an ELISA were used to measure gene expression and plasma concentrations of LS-12 following experimental intraperitoneal injection of rainbow trout with either 106 or 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. There was no significant change in the plasma concentration of LS-12 up to 15 days post-infection in any group. Hepatic LS-12 gene expression was significantly reduced at 3 and 6 days (p < 0.001) post-infection in fish injected with 108 CFU of F. psychrophilum relative to control fish, while branchial or head kidney expression was unchanged. Infected fish had significantly increased hepatic gene expression of serum amyloid A, confirming an acute-phase response. Under the conditions used, LS-12 is not a positive acute-phase protein in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Di Natale
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen Jarau
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Spencer K Russell
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan A Horricks
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - John S Lumsden
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Schulz P, Robak S, Dastych J, Siwicki AK. Influence of bacteriophages cocktail on European eel (Anguilla anguilla) immunity and survival after experimental challenge. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 84:28-37. [PMID: 30248403 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inland fishery belongs to those branches of animal production that use very large amounts of chemotherapeutics, in particular antibiotics. The accumulation of chemotherapeutic agents in bottom sediments is a direct threat to the aquatic environment and directly affects the condition and health of the fish. Finding a preparation that could be used both prophylactically to increase the resistance of fish and therapeutically in case of infection with pathogenic bacteria, without side effects for fish and aquatic environment could be a great solution to this problem. Our aim was to determine influence of BAFADOR® the new bacteriophage-based preparation on European eel immunity and survival after experimental challenge. Application of BAFADOR® increased total protein level, immunoglobulin level, lysozyme activity and ceruloplasmin level in European eel serum. Potential killing activity and metabolic activity of spleen phagocytes as well as pronephros lymphocyte proliferation of was higher compared to control. The preparation also reduced mortality after experimental infections with the pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Our results showed that preparation BAFADOR® is well tolerated by the fish organism causing stimulation of cellular and humoral immunity parameters and reduces the mortality of the European eel after experimental challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Schulz
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Robak
- Department of Ichthyology, Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology, The Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Krzysztof Siwicki
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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25
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Jafari N, Falahatkar B, Sajjadi MM. Growth performance and plasma metabolites in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Brandt, 1869) subjected to various feeding strategies at different sizes. Fish Physiol Biochem 2018; 44:1363-1374. [PMID: 29909519 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of various feeding strategies was evaluated on growth performance and biochemical parameters in two sizes of Siberian sturgeon (465.75 ± 11.18 and 250.40 ± 12 g) during 45 days. Fish were distributed into six experimental treatments including large fish with satiation feeding (LA), small fish with satiation feeding (SA), large fish with 50% satiation feeding (LR), small fish with 50% satiation feeding (SR), large starved fish (LS), and small starved fish (SS). Differences in final weight between LA and LR treatments were not noticeable, whereas SA and SR treatments showed significant differences. Growth parameters were more affected in small fish. In condition factor and weight gain in starved treatments, a considerable reduction occurred by interaction between feeding strategies and fish size, so the lowest values were obtained in SS treatment. Glucose levels significantly decreased in small fish during the starvation. Interaction between feeding strategy and fish size indicated the highest and lowest albumin level in SA and SS treatment, respectively. Cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, and globulin showed no significant differences. It can be deduced that small fish are more sensitive to starvation than the large fish. Since glucose and albumin showed significant decrease in starved small fish, these parameters can help to monitor nutritional status and feeding practices. It was indicated that in both sizes of Siberian sturgeon, feeding 50% satiation reduced the food cost without negative impact on physiological condition, and it can be considered as an appropriate strategy to face unfavorable circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Jafari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 1144, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
| | - Bahram Falahatkar
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 1144, Sowmeh Sara, Iran.
- Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mir Masoud Sajjadi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 1144, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
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Chen M, Ding M, Li Y, Zhong X, Liu S, Guo Z, Yin X, Fu S, Ye J. The complement component 1 q (C1q) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Functional characterization in host defense against bacterial infection and effect on cytokine response in macrophages. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 87:98-108. [PMID: 29890197 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complement component 1q (C1q) is the initial protein of the classical complement pathway and plays an important role in immune response against bacterial infection. In this study, the full-length of C1q subcomponent A, B and C chain genes (C1qA, C1qB and C1qC) were identified and characterized from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Molecular characterization of these three C1q subcomponents (OnC1qs) harbored conserved amino acids through analyses of multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree, which were homologous to other teleost species. Expression analysis revealed that the OnC1qs were highly expressed in liver. After the in vivo challenges of Streptococcus agalactiae and LPS, the mRNA expressions of OnC1qs were significantly up-regulated in liver. Meanwhile, the concentration variation of OnC1qs at the protein level from tilapia serum after challenge with S. agalactiae were measured by a competitive-inhibition ELISA. In addition, the up-regulation expressions of OnC1qs were also demonstrated in head kidney adherent leukocytes and the cell culture medium in vitro stimulation with S. agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila and LPS, respectively. Moreover, the recombinant OnC1qs enhanced expression of cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in head kidney adherent leukocytes, and were able to bind both heat-aggregated mouse IgG and IgM. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that OnC1qs might be involved in host defense against bacterial infection in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Mingmei Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Shengli Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Health and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China.
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Xu K, Wang G. Identification and characterization of peroxiredoxin 1 from Lateolabrax japonicus under biotic and abiotic stresses. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 81:297-303. [PMID: 29964196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The peroxiredoxins (Prxs) belong to a novel and evolutionarily conserved superfamily, which can protect cells from oxidative damage caused by ROS and play a vital role in immune responses. In the present study, a 995 base pairs (bp) Prx1 cDNA sequence (LjPrx1) with an open reading frame of 594 bp, which encoding 197 amino acid polypeptides was obtained from L. japonicus. Transcriptional expression analysis indicated that the LjPrx1 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, while a comparatively high expression level was detected in head-kidney and blood. After the recombinant LjPrx1 protein was acquired using a prokaryotic expression method, the antioxidant activity was assessed by the catalyzing hydrogen peroxide assay method, and the results showed that the recombinant LjPrx1 possessed an antioxidant activity in a temperature-dependent manner. To further study the function roles of LjPrx1 related to biotic and abiotic stresses, the head-kidney and blood were chosen for the following experiments, and a positive correlation between the expression of LjPrx1 and the different stresses was detected using qRT-PCR. In conclusion, this study provides useful information about the role of the LjPrx1 gene in defense against a variety of toxic factors in L. japonicus, which would broaden our current knowledge of Prx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Xu
- National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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28
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Min BH, Kim BM, Kim M, Kang JH, Jung JH, Rhee JS. Plasma biomarkers in juvenile marine fish provide evidence for endocrine modulation potential of organotin compounds. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 210:35-43. [PMID: 29746996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), have been widely used to control marine fouling. Here, we show that organotin stimulation reduces the hormone levels in the plasma of two economically important aquaculture fish. Blood plasma samples were collected from juvenile red seabream and black rockfish exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of TBT and TPT for 14 days. The levels of two plasma biomarkers, namely the yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (VTG) and the sex steroid 17β-estradiol (E2), were measured to determine the endocrine disrupting potential of the organotin compounds. Both organotin compounds were dose-dependently accumulated in the blood of two fish. Exposure to waterborne TBT and TBT significantly decreased the plasma VTG levels in both the juvenile fish in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the treatment with E2, a well-known VTG inducer, significantly increased the plasma VTG levels in both the fish. In addition, the mRNA levels of vtg were also downregulated in the liver tissues of both the fish at 100 and/or 1000 ng L-1 of TBT or TPT exposure. The plasma E2 titers were significantly suppressed at 100 and/or 1000 ng L-1 of TBT or TPT exposure for 14 days compared to their titer in the control. Since estrogen directly regulates vtg gene expression and VTG synthesis, our results reveal the endocrine disrupting potential of organotin compounds, and subsequently the endocrine modulation at early stage of fish can trigger further fluctuations in sexual differentiation, maturation, sex ration or egg production. In addition, the results demonstrate their effects on non-target organisms, particularly on animals reared in aquaculture and fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hwa Min
- Aquaculture Industry Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Gangneung 25435, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- South Sea Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, South Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kang
- South Sea Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, South Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- South Sea Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, South Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea.
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Woo SJ, Kim NY, Kim SH, Ahn SJ, Seo JS, Jung SH, Cho MY, Chung JK. Toxicological effects of trichlorfon on hematological and biochemical parameters in Cyprinus carpio L. following thermal stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29530824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichlorfon is a moderately toxic organophosphate pesticide that is widely used in aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of trichlorfon on hematological parameters, biochemical factors, and stress reaction in Cyprinus carpio L. The fish were exposed to acute concentrations of trichlorfon (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg L-1) at 25 °C and 15 °C for 1 and 2 weeks, after which several parameters were evaluated to assess the effects of the pesticide. Significant decreases were observed in red blood cell (RBC) Count, hemoglobin (Hb) level, hematocrit (Ht), and plasma protein levels after each exposure period. In contrast, notable increases in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), calcium, and glucose levels were observed in the trichlorfon-treated groups. Additionally, there were significant increases in the plasma levels of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) following the exposure to trichlorfon. Furthermore, the results showed a relationship between toxic stress and increment in HSP70 and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) expression over time. Ht, MCV, MCH, and the value of other biochemical parameters were quite lower at 15 °C than their corresponding values were at 25 °C, which indicated the decreased physical activity at 15 °C. The results of the present work indicate that acute exposure to trichlorfon and thermal stimulus could damage erythropoietic tissue. Additionally, hepatocytes function and physiological mechanisms could be impaired. Ht, glucose, GOT, GPT, HSP70, and CYP1A levels might be useful biomarkers of trichlorfon toxicity in contaminated aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ji Woo
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Kim
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hu Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jung Ahn
- Fisheries R&D Management Center, Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion (KIMST), Seoul 06775, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Jung
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Pathology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ki Chung
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Doleski PH, Zeppenfeld CC, Descovi S, Da Silva AS, Baldisserotto B. Xanthine oxidase activity exerts pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects in serum of silver catfish fed with a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B 1. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1153-1158. [PMID: 29745429 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have associated the involvement of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, a source of uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS), to pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects during pathological conditions. Considering this, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether upregulation on seric XO activity may be a pathway involved in the oxidative stress in fish exposed to a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ), as well as whether it may be considered a pathway involved in ROS and NOx production. Xanthine oxidase activity, as well as the uric acid, ROS and NOx levels increased in serum of fish fed with a AFB1 -contaminated diet on days 14 and 21 post-feeding compared to fish fed with a basal diet. Based on these evidences, upregulation of seric XO activity induces pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory profiles in serum of fish fed with a AFB1 -contaminated diet due to excessive formation on uric acid. Also, the excessive uric acid induces the release of pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory mediators, as ROS and NOx, also contributing to oxidative and inflammatory profiles. In summary, the upregulation on seric XO activity may be considered a pathway involved in the oxidative stress of fish exposed to a diet contaminated with AFB1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - C F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - P H Doleski
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - C C Zeppenfeld
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - S Descovi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Brazil
| | - B Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Yang S, Tang X, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. Development of monoclonal antibodies against IgM of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and analysis of phagocytosis by mIgM+ lymphocytes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 78:372-382. [PMID: 29684605 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells in some fish were recently found to have potent phagocytic activities. Sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) as an important economical marine fish species, it could be used as an appropriate model to study the functions of B cells in phagocytosis. In the paper, three positive hybridomas designated as 1E11, 2H4 and 3F3 secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against sea bass immunoglobulin M (IgM) were produced and used as research tools. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that all the three MAbs had a high binding capacity with sea bass serum IgM. Western blotting analysis showed that all the three MAbs were specific for the heavy chain of sea bass IgM. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) analysis suggested that both MAbs 1E11 and 2H4 could recognize membrane-bound IgM (mIgM) molecule of sea bass. Specificity analysis showed that three MAbs had no cross-reactions with other six teleosts IgMs. Flow cytometric analysis exhibited that the percentages of sea bass mIgM + lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen and pronephros were 25.6%, 21.1%, and 17.5%, respectively. Moreover, we found that the mIgM + lymphocytes of sea bass could phagocytose fluorescence microspheres and Lactococcus lactis, but lower phagocytosis rates of L. lactis was observed. These results demonstrated that the MAbs produced in this paper could be used as tools to study secretory IgM and mIgM + lymphocytes of sea bass, and mIgM + lymphocytes might also play an important role in innate immunity of sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Doleski PH, Santos RCV, Raffin RP, Baldisserotto B. Involvement of xanthine oxidase inhibition with the antioxidant property of nanoencapsulated Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil in fish experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:791-796. [PMID: 29350421 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoencapsulated Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil, TTO) is a natural alternative treatment, with 100% therapeutic efficacy in fish experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and has also potent protective effects linked with antioxidant properties. However, the pathways responsible for the antioxidant capacity remain unknown. Thus, this study evaluated whether the inhibition of seric xanthine oxidase (XO) activity can be considered a pathway involved in the antioxidant capacity of nanoencapsulated TTO in fish experimentally infected with P. aeruginosa. Seric samples from fish infected with P. aeruginosa showed increased XO activity, as well as increased uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In contrast, the prophylactic treatment with nanoencapsulated TTO prevented these infection-induced alterations. Based on the evidence obtained, the upregulation of seric XO activity induced pro-oxidative effects in the serum of fish experimentally infected with P. aeruginosa, due to excessive formation of uric acid, which stimulates the release of ROS. This treatment was able to prevent the upregulated seric XO activity and, consequently, the excessive formation of uric acid and ROS. In summary, inhibition of seric XO activity can be considered a pathway involved in the antioxidant capacity of nanoencapsulated TTO in fish experimentally infected with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - C F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - P H Doleski
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - R C V Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - R P Raffin
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - B Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Ma J, Li Y, Wu M, Zhang C, Che Y, Li W, Li X. Serum immune responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to paraquat exposure: The traditional parameters and circulating microRNAs. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 76:133-142. [PMID: 29499338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide used worldwide, and it was shown to be a high-risk compound to aquatic organisms. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of PQ on traditional serum parameters and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in common carp to further elucidate the mechanism of PQ toxicity in fish. In the current study, a subacute toxicity test of common carp exposed to PQ at 1.596 and 3.192 mg/L for 7 d was conducted under laboratory conditions. The results showed that PQ exposure generally reduced the levels of T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GST, but significantly increased MDA levels in the serum, indicating that PQ exposure induces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the fish. The results of biochemical assays showed that PQ exposure not only significantly altered the activities of LDH, AST, ALT, ACP, AKP, and lysozyme and the contents of IgM and complement 3 but also promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Additionally, PQ inhibited the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, suggesting that PQ exposure may cause fish tissue injury and promote immune inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we found that serum circulating miRNAs, such as ccr-mir-122, ccr-mir-125b, ccr-mir-146a, and ccr-mir-155, were generally promoted in fish following PQ exposure. Based on our results and reports on miRNA-based diagnosis of tissue damage and inflammatory responses in mammals, we suggest that serum ccr-mir-122, ccr-mir-125b, ccr-mir-146a, and ccr-mir-155 could be new biomarkers of PQ toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengli Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuqing Che
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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34
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Doleski PH, Monteiro SG, da Silva AS, Baldisserotto B. Serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities in silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: The influence of these enzymes on inflammatory and oxidative status. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:263-268. [PMID: 29027691 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, through adenosine (Ado) levels, as well as xanthine oxidase (XO) activity through uric acid levels exerts an essential role on immune and inflammatory responses during infectious diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of seric ADA and XO activities in the inflammatory and oxidative status of silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Seric ADA activity decreased, while Ado levels increased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals. Moreover, the seric XO activity increased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals, alongside the seric levels of uric acid, metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on this evidence, the downregulation of seric ADA activity exerts an anti-inflammatory profile, contributing to restricting the inflammatory process. The most important finding is that upregulation of seric XO activity leads to an excessive formation of uric acid, which contributes to oxidative and inflammatory processes. Moreover, uric acid induces the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative mediators, such NOx and ROS, which contribute directly to disease pathogenesis. In summary, the upregulation of XO activity may be considered a pathway involved in NOx and ROS production in silver catfish infected with I. multifiliis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - P H Doleski
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S G Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - A S da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - B Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Li Z, Liu X, Liu J, Zhang K, Yu H, He Y, Wang X, Qi J, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Transcriptome profiling based on protein-protein interaction networks provides a core set of genes for understanding blood immune response mechanisms against Edwardsiella tarda infection in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 78:100-113. [PMID: 28923591 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are commonly under threat from various pathogens. Edwardsiella tarda is one of the fish pathogens that can infect both cultured and wild fish species. E. tarda can also infect other vertebrates, including amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. Bacteremia caused by E. tarda can be a fatal disease in humans. Blood acts as a pipeline for the fish immune system. Generating blood transcriptomic resources from fish challenged by E. tarda is crucial for understanding molecular mechanisms underlying blood immune response process. In this study, we performed transcriptome-wide gene expression profiling of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) challenged by 8 and 48 h E. tarda stress. An average of 37 million clean reads per library was obtained, and approximately 85.6% of these reads were successfully mapped to the reference genome. In addition, 808 and 1265 differential expression genes (DEGs) were found at 8 and 48 h post-injection, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted to search immune-related DEGs. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to obtain the interaction relationship of immune genes during pathogens stress. Based on KEGG and protein association networks analysis, 30 hub genes were discovered and validated by quantitative RT-PCR. This study represents the first transcriptome analysis based on protein-protein interaction networks in fish and provides us with valuable gene resources for the research of fish blood immunity, which can significantly assist us to further understand the molecular mechanisms of humans and other vertebrates against E. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Jie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, PR China.
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Singh R, Hussain MA, Kumar J, Kumar M, Kumari U, Mazumder S. Chronic fluoride exposure exacerbates headkidney pathology and causes immune commotion in Clarias gariepinus. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 192:30-39. [PMID: 28917943 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to understand the effects of chronic fluoride exposure on fish immune system. African sharp tooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were exposed to 73.45mg/L of fluoride corresponding to 1/10 96h LC50 for 30 d and the effects on general fish health and several immune parameters were studied. Chronic fluoride exposure led to significant alteration in serum biochemical parameters including alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, triglycerides, cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen levels revealing the detrimental effect of fluoride on general fish health. Upregulation in cytochrome P450 1A expression, both at mRNA and protein level suggested that fluoride activates the detoxification machinery in headkidney (HK) of C. gariepinus. Histopathological analysis of HK from exposed fish further revealed fluoride-induced hypertrophy, increase in melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) and the development of cell-depleted regions. Fluoride reduced headkidney somatic index (HKSI) and the phagocytic potential of headkidney macrophages (HKM). It induced caspase-3-dependent headkidney leukocyte (HKL) apoptosis, elevated superoxide generation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α besides suppressed T-cell proliferation in the exposed fish. We surmise the elevation in superoxide levels coupled with increased TNF-α production to be plausible causes of fluoride-induced HKL apoptosis. It is concluded that chronic fluoride exposure induces structure-function alterations in HK, the primary lymphoid organ in fish leading to impairment in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Md Arafat Hussain
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Jai Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Manmohan Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Banerjee S, Mahanty A, Mohanty S, Mazumder DG, Cash P, Mohanty BP. Identification of potential biomarkers of hepatotoxicity by plasma proteome analysis of arsenic-exposed carp Labeo rohita. J Hazard Mater 2017; 336:71-80. [PMID: 28475914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic environmental contaminant and potential human carcinogen. Chronic intake of arsenic-contaminated water and food leads to arsenicosis, a major public health problem in many parts of the world. Early detection of arsenic toxicity would greatly benefit patients; however, the detection of arsenicosis needs to be done early before onset of severe symptoms in which case the tools used for detection have to be both sensitive and reliable. In this context, the present study investigated plasma proteome changes in arsenic-exposed Labeo rohita, with the aim of identifying biomarkers for arsenicosis. Changes in the plasma proteome were investigated using gel-based proteomics technology. Using quantitative image analysis of the 2D proteome profiles, 14 unique spots were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and/or LC-MS/MS which included Apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) (6 spots), α-2 macroglobulin-like protein (A2ML) (2 spots), transferrin (TF) (3 spots) and warm-temperature acclimation related 65kDa protein (Wap65). The proteome data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003404. Highly abundant protein spots identified in plasma from arsenic-exposed fish i.e. Apo-A1 (>10-fold), A2ML (7-fold) and Wap65 (>2-fold) indicate liver damage. It is proposed that a combination of these proteins could serve as useful biomarkers of hepatotoxicity and chronic liver disease due to arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Banerjee
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, FREM Division, Biochemistry Laboratory- Proteomics Unit, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | - Arabinda Mahanty
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, FREM Division, Biochemistry Laboratory- Proteomics Unit, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
| | - Sasmita Mohanty
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Phillip Cash
- University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Bimal Prasanna Mohanty
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, FREM Division, Biochemistry Laboratory- Proteomics Unit, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India.
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Hauge H, Vendramin N, Taksdal T, Olsen AB, Wessel Ø, Mikkelsen SS, Alencar ALF, Olesen NJ, Dahle MK. Infection experiments with novel Piscine orthoreovirus from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in salmonids. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180293. [PMID: 28678799 PMCID: PMC5497981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new disease in farmed rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) was described in Norway in 2013. The disease mainly affected the heart and resembled heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). HSMI is associated with Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), and a search for a similar virus in the diseased rainbow trout led to detection of a sequence with 85% similarity to PRV. This finding called for a targeted effort to assess the risk the new PRV-variant pose on farmed rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon by studying infection and disease pathogenesis, aiming to provide more diagnostic knowledge. Based on the genetic relationship to PRV, the novel virus is referred to as PRV-Oncorhynchus mykiss (PRV-Om) in contrast to PRV-Salmo salar (PRV-Ss). In experimental trials, intraperitoneally injected PRV-Om was shown to replicate in blood in both salmonid species, but more effectively in rainbow trout. In rainbow trout, the virus levels peaked in blood and heart of cohabitants 6 weeks post challenge, along with increased expression of antiviral genes (Mx and viperin) in the spleen, with 80-100% of the cohabitants infected. Heart inflammation was diagnosed in all cohabitants examined 8 weeks post challenge. In contrast, less than 50% of the Atlantic salmon cohabitants were infected between 8 and 16 weeks post challenge and the antiviral response in these fish was very low. From 12 weeks post challenge and onwards, mild focal myocarditis was demonstrated in a few virus-positive salmon. In conclusion, PRV-Om infects both salmonid species, but faster transmission, more notable antiviral response and more prominent heart pathology were observed in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hauge
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo & Bergen, Norway
| | - Niccolo Vendramin
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Øystein Wessel
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Niels Jørgen Olesen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Annamalai SK, Arunachalam KD. Uranium ( 238U) bioaccumulation and its persuaded alterations on hematological, serological and histological parameters in freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 52:262-275. [PMID: 28477471 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The early biomarkers for the hematological, serological and histological alterations due to the effect of ½ and ¼ LC50 of 238U in different organs in freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi for water-borne 238U accumulation was investigated. The toxicological data due to 238U accumulation on the hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) to evaluate the oxygen carrying capacity has been indicated as the secondary response of the organisms. The biomarkers of liver damage were determined as by Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), γ-Glutamyl Transferase (γ-GT). Similarly, the renal biomarkers of kidney damage were accessed by creatinine, uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol. The decrease in hemoglobin in the experimental group due to disturbed synthesis of hemoglobin was directly proportional to the concentration and exposure duration of 238U. The histological studies proved that liver and gills are the target organ for 238U toxicity. The extensive histological lesions were observed in various tissues due to oxidative stress by the accumulation of 238U, and the 238U toxicity in the organs was in the order of Gills<liver<brain<muscle. This study can be useful indicators of 238U toxicity to assess fish health in Uranium (238U) biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathesh Kumar Annamalai
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203 India
| | - Kantha D Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203 India.
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Falahatkar B, Poursaeid S, Meknatkhah B, Efatpanah I. Short-term effects of 17β-estradiol on physiological responses in stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 195:91-96. [PMID: 28132877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is no evidence of the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) administration on stress response and related metabolites after a short-period in chondrostean. In this study, we examined whether E2 is capable of inducing the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis activity. To accomplish this, sexually immature Acipenser stellatus were injected intraperitoneally with saline or E2 (5mg/kg body mass) and sampled 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72h later. Plasma E2, cortisol, glucose, lactate, hematocrit (Hct), total protein (TP), cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus concentrations were examined. Plasma levels of E2 significantly increased after 1h in E2-injected fish and remained high after 12h. E2 injection enhanced plasma TP and Ca concentrations, but had no effect on other parameters. Injection of either saline or E2 enhanced plasma glucose, lactate, TP, and Ca concentrations, but had no effect on Hct, cholesterol, triglyceride, and ALP. The results demonstrated that acutely elevated level of E2 did not lead to intense changes of stress metabolites and altered biochemical changes compared to the fish in control or saline treatment groups. Therefore, we found no exhibition of E2 on the rate of cortisol synthesis or stress indicators in this species, while E2 could modulate some other related metabolites on vitellogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Falahatkar
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, P.O. Box 1144, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Poursaeid
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Efatpanah
- Dr. Yousefpour Fish Hatchery Center, Siahkal, Guilan, Iran
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Zhang YL, Zhang HL, Wang LY, Gu BY, Fan QX. Changes of ammonia, urea contents and transaminase activity in the body during aerial exposure and ammonia loading in Chinese loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:631-640. [PMID: 27889848 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Paramisgurnus dabryanus was exposed to 30 mmol L-1 NH4Cl solution and air to assessing the change of body ammonia and urea contents and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). After 48 h of ammonia exposure, ammonia concentration in the plasma, brain, liver and muscle were 3.3-fold, 5.6-fold, 3.5-fold and 4.2-fold, respectively, those of the control values. Plasma, brain, liver and muscle ammonia concentrations increased to 2.2-fold, 3.3-fold, 2.5-fold and 2.9-fold, respectively, those of control values in response to 48 h of aerial exposure. Within the given treatment (ammonia or aerial exposure), there was no change in plasma, brain and liver urea concentrations between exposure durations. The plasma ALT activity was significantly affected by exposure time during aerial exposure, while the liver ALT activity was not affected by ammonia or aerial exposure. Exposure to NH4Cl or air had no effect on either plasma or liver AST activity. Our results suggested that P. dabryanus could accumulate quite high level of internal ammonia because of the high ammonia tolerance in its cells and tissues, and NH3 volatilization would be a possible ammonia detoxification strategy in P. dabryanus. Urea synthesis was not an effective mechanism to deal with environmental or internal ammonia problem. The significant increase of ALT activity in plasma during aerial exposure, indicating that alanine synthesis through certain amino acid catabolism may be subsistent in P. dabryanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bei-Yi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qi-Xue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Xu Y, Wang B, Liu X, Shi B, Zang K. Evidences for involvement of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor in ovarian development of starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:527-537. [PMID: 27807711 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although gonadotrophins are major regulators of ovarian function in teleosts and other vertebrates, accumulating evidence indicates that the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis also plays an important role in fish reproduction. As a first step to understand the physiological role of the GH-IGF system in the ovarian development of starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), the expression profiles of GH and IGF messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and plasma GH, IGF-I, estradiol-17β (E2), and testosterone (T) levels during the ovarian development were investigated. The developmental stages of ovaries were divided into five stages (II, III, IV, V, and VI) by histological analysis. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) values increased and peaked at stage IV and stage V, respectively, and then declined at stage VI. Pituitary GH mRNA levels decreased sharply at stage III and raised to top level at stage VI. The hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels ascended to maximum value at stage V and then declined significantly at stage VI. However, the hepatic IGF-II mRNA levels remained stable and increased significantly at stage VI. In contrast, the ovarian IGF-I mRNA levels increased gradually and peaked at stage VI. The ovarian IGF-II mRNA levels were initially stable and increased significantly at stage V until the top level at stage VI. Consistent with the pituitary GH mRNA levels, plasma GH levels reduced sharply at stage III and remained depressed until stage V and then raised remarkably at stage VI. Plasma IGF-I level peaked at stage V and then declined to initial level. Plasma E2 level peaked at stage IV and then dramatically descended to the basal level. Plasma T level peaked at stage V and then declined significantly back to the basal level. Based on statistical analysis, significant positive correlations between hepatic IGF-I mRNA and GSI, ovarian IGF-II mRNA and hepatic IGF-II mRNA, ovarian IGF-I mRNA and ovarian IGF-II mRNA, and plasma IGF-I and plasma T were observed, respectively. These results suggest that the GH-IGF system may be involved in the ovarian development of starry flounder; GH and IGFs appear to play distinct roles in the regulation of the ovarian development in paracrine/autocrine manners. These findings extend our knowledge of the roles of the GH-IGF axis on reproduction regulation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuezhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Bao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kun Zang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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43
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Mahapatra S, Kabita S, Bhattacharya D, Sarkar S, Juin SK, Maitra S, Nath P. Purification and development of ELISAs for two forms of vitellogenin in Indian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus (L.). Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:477-491. [PMID: 28247155 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two forms of vitellogenin (Vg: Vg1 and Vg2) were purified from the plasma of estradiol-17β (E2)-treated Indian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, by gel filtration and adsorption chromatography. Native Vg1 and Vg2 had apparent molecular masses of 375 and 450 kDa, respectively, and both Vgs resolved into two similar major bands (95 and 67 kDa) in SDS-PAGE under reducing condition. Polyclonal antisera raised against each form of Vg were absorbed with a combination of hypophysectomized male catfish serum proteins and alternate Vg to ensure specificity. Immunological analyses verified the presence of Vg1 and Vg2 in the plasma of female catfish. Homologous ELISAs were developed for Vg1 and Vg2 using their respective harvested antisera, which exhibited the detection limit of 100 ng ml-1 for Vg1 and 40 ng ml-1 for Vg2, and low level of cross-reactivity (not parallel to the standard) was found with alternate Vg in each assay. Treatment of male catfish with E2 induced both Vgs showing a proportionate ratio of Vg1 to Vg2 at 5.6:1. Plasma concentrations of both Vgs measured by ELISAs at different reproductive phases of field collected female catfish increased in accordance with the ovarian development, keeping the proportionate ratio of Vg1 to Vg2 at about 2:1 in fish undergoing vitellogenesis during prespawning period and 1:20 during spawning period, suggesting that Vg1 may be the major Vg to contribute in yolk formation, whereas Vg2, besides its role in yolk formation, may facilitate other physiological functions. The present study, thus, demonstrates the occurrence of two unequally synthesized Vgs in the catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahapatra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,, Kolkata, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sk Kabita
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,, Kolkata, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,, Kolkata, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,, Kolkata, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - S K Juin
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,, Kolkata, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - S Maitra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,, Kolkata, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - P Nath
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan,, Kolkata, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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Albendín G, Arellano JM, Mánuel-Vez MP, Sarasquete C, Arufe MI. Characterization and in vitro sensitivity of cholinesterases of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to organophosphate pesticides. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:455-464. [PMID: 27714546 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of cholinesterase activity in brain and muscle of gilthead seabream was carried out using four specific substrates and three selective inhibitors. In addition, K m and V max were calculated from the Michaelis-Menten equation for ASCh and BSCh substrates. Finally, the in vitro sensitivity of brain and muscle cholinesterases to three organophosphates (OPs) was also investigated by estimating inhibition kinetics. The results indicate that AChE is the enzyme present in the brain, whereas in muscle, a typical AChE form is present along with an atypical form of BChE. Very low ChE activity was found in plasma with all substrates used. The inhibitory potency of the studied OPs on brain and muscle AChEs based on bimolecular inhibition constants (k i ) was: omethoate < dichlorvos < azinphosmethyl-oxon. Furthermore, muscle BChE was found to be several orders of magnitude (from 2 to 4) more sensitive than brain and muscle AChE inhibition by dichlorvos and omethoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Albendín
- Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - J M Arellano
- Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M P Mánuel-Vez
- Analytical Chemical Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - C Sarasquete
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Avda. República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M I Arufe
- Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Schrama D, Richard N, Silva TS, Figueiredo FA, Conceição LEC, Burchmore R, Eckersall D, Rodrigues PML. Enhanced dietary formulation to mitigate winter thermal stress in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): a 2D-DIGE plasma proteome study. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:603-617. [PMID: 27882445 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low water temperatures during winter are common in farming of gilthead sea bream in the Mediterranean. This causes metabolic disorders that in extreme cases can lead to a syndrome called "winter disease." An improved immunostimulatory nutritional status might mitigate the effects of this thermal metabolic stress. A trial was set up to assess the effects of two different diets on gilthead sea bream physiology and nutritional state through plasma proteome and metabolites. Four groups of 25 adult gilthead sea bream were reared during winter months, being fed either with a control diet (CTRL) or with a diet called "winter feed" (WF). Proteome results show a slightly higher number of proteins upregulated in plasma of fish fed the WF. These proteins are mostly involved in the immune system and cell protection mechanisms. Lipid metabolism was also affected, as shown both by plasma proteome and by the cholesterol plasma levels. Overall, the winter feed diet tested seems to have positive effects in terms of fish condition and nutritional status, reducing the metabolic effects of thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Schrama
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nadège Richard
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tomé S Silva
- SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Filipe A Figueiredo
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luís E C Conceição
- SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Pedro M L Rodrigues
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Wosnick N, Bornatowski H, Ferraz C, Afonso A, Sousa Rangel B, Hazin FHV, Freire CA. Talking to the dead: using Post-mortem data in the assessment of stress in tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) (Péron and Lesueur, 1822). Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:165-178. [PMID: 27549099 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sharks are very sensitive to stress and prone to a high mortality rate after capture. Since approximately 50 million of sharks are caught as bycatch every year, and current recommendations to reduce the impact of commercial fishing strongly support immediate release, it is imperative to better understand post-release mortality caused by the stress of capture and handling. Blood samples allow the assessment of stress levels which are valuable tools to reduce mortality in commercial, recreational and scientific fishing, being essential for the improvement in those conservation measures. Biochemical analyses are widely used for sharks as stress indicators, with secondary plasma parameters (lactate, glucose and ions) being the most often employed assays. However, it is virtually impossible to determine baseline plasma parameters in free-ranging sharks, since blood withdrawal involves animal capture and restrain, which are stressful procedures. This study aims at analyzing secondary parameters of five healthy tiger sharks captured with circular hooks and handlines in Fernando de Noronha (Northeastern Brazil) and comparing them with secondary parameters of three dead tiger sharks caught off Recife (also Northeastern Brazil). The results showed that the analysis of some plasma constituents in dead animals may be an efficient tool to assess stress and lethality. However, traditional parameters such as glucose and calcium, need to be used with caution. The results also demonstrated the extreme importance of urea and phosphorus for assessing stress response and mortality in tiger sharks, both parameters frequently neglected and of utmost importance for shark's homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Wosnick
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) - Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Bornatowski
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, PR, CEP 83255976, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ferraz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Pesqueira, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, CEP 52171900, Brazil
| | - André Afonso
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Pesqueira, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, CEP 52171900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Sousa Rangel
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Hissa Vieira Hazin
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Pesqueira, Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, CEP 52171900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Arruda Freire
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) - Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81531-990, Brazil
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Bilal S, Lie KK, Karlsen OA, Hordvik I. Characterization of IgM in Norwegian cleaner fish (lumpfish and wrasses). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 59:9-17. [PMID: 27702679 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of cleaner fish in Norwegian aquaculture has to a large extent been based on wild catches, but breeding of lumpfish and ballan wrasse is currently increasing. Due to disease problems and required vaccine development, tools to study immune responses and a better understanding of the immune system in these species is demanded. The present study comprises lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and five species of wrasses: Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta), rock cook (Centrolabrus exoletus), cuckoo wrasse (Labrus mixtus), corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops), and goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris). We present a comparison of the IgM sequences, phylogenetic relationship to other teleosts and characteristic features of IgM in the species studied. The lumpfish IgM heavy chain sequence was assembled from high throughput cDNA sequencing whereas the wrasse sequences were determined by molecular cloning. The secreted form of the IgM heavy chain from all species consisted of four constant Ig domains. IgM was purified from lumpfish and ballan wrasse sera by gel filtration followed by anion exchange chromatography, and polyclonal sera were produced against these proteins. Antisera against ballan wrasse IgM showed cross-reactivity to all analyzed species of wrasses, some cross-reactivity to lumpfish, very low reaction to salmon, and no reaction to cod. Anti- IgM sera against lumpfish cross-reacted to the light chain of all species studied. Wrasses and lumpfish IgM showed high binding affinities for protein A. IgM concentration in adult ballan wrasse (700-800 g) was measured by single radial immunodiffusion assay and found to be 13.4 mg/ml which is about 36% of the total protein concentration. The IgM concentration in lumpfish (600-3600 g) was estimated to 1-2.6 mg/ml, which corresponds to approximately 3% of the total protein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Bilal
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | - Ivar Hordvik
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
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Jørgensen EH, Bernier NJ, Maule AG, Vijayan MM. Effect of long-term fasting and a subsequent meal on mRNA abundances of hypothalamic appetite regulators, central and peripheral leptin expression and plasma leptin levels in rainbow trout. Peptides 2016; 86:162-170. [PMID: 26471905 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating appetite in fish, including the role of leptin, is inconclusive. We investigated leptin mRNA abundance in various tissues, plasma leptin levels and the hypothalamic gene expression of putative orexigenic (neuropeptide Y and agouti-regulated peptide) and anorexigenic (melanocortin receptor, proopiomelanocortins (POMCs), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and corticotropin-releasing factor) neuropeptides in relation to feeding status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Blood and tissues were first (Day 1) sampled from trout that had been fed or fasted for 4 months and the day after (Day 2) from fasted fish after they had been given a large meal, and their continuously fed counterparts. The fasted fish ate vigorously when they were presented a meal. There were no differences between fed, fasted and re-fed fish in hypothalamic neuropeptide transcript levels, except for pomca1 and pomcb, which were higher in fasted fish than in fed fish at Day 1, and which, for pomcb, decreased to the level in fed fish after the meal at Day 2. Plasma leptin levels did not differ between fasted, re-fed and fed fish. A higher leptina1 transcript level was seen in the belly flap of fasted fish than in fed fish, even after re-feeding on Day 2. The data do not reveal causative roles of the investigated brain neuropeptides, or leptin, in appetite regulation. It is suggested that the elevated pomc transcript levels provide a satiety signal that reduces energy expenditure during prolonged fasting. The increase in belly flap leptin transcript with fasting, which did not decrease upon re-feeding, indicates a tissue-specific role of leptin in long-term regulation of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even H Jørgensen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Nicholas J Bernier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alec G Maule
- USGS, WFRC, Columbia River Research Laboratory, 5501 Cook-Underwood Rd. Cook, WA 98605, USA
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Moura Costa DD, Bozza DA, Rizzo LE, Garcia J, Costa MDM, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA. Characterization, specificity and sensibility of produced anti-Rhamdia quelen vitellogenin in Brazilian fish species. Fish Physiol Biochem 2016; 42:1721-1732. [PMID: 27319005 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widespread used and can interfere on hormone regulation with adverse consequences for both biota and human. Vitellogenin (vtg) is a yolk precursor protein synthesized by the liver in response to estrogen. In order to characterize the vtg of tropical fish Rhamdia quelen and establish a molecular biomarker, adult male individuals were exposed to 17-β-estradiol (E2) for vtg induction and anti-R. quelen vtg polyclonal antibodies production. Vitellogenic female fish were used as positive control group. E2-induced vtg was characterized as a glycolipophosphoprotein of high molecular mass with peptide mass fingerprint very similar in E2-exposed male and vitellogenic female fish. A polyclonal serum containing anti-R. quelen vtg antibodies was produced and showed high specificity and sensibility to detect the vtg of three fish species: R. quelen, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Prochilodus lineatus. Wildlife and laboratory studies reported that EDCs released into the environment may alter the levels of plasma vtg in male fish, making this protein a valuable biomarker of xenoestrogens exposure. Then, we propose the use of anti-R. quelen vtg as a tool for biomonitoring studies and water quality assessment in Brazil and South American countries where the three fish species occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Dietrich Moura Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Dandie Antunes Bozza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Rizzo
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juan Garcia
- Estação de Piscicultura Panamá, Paulo Lopes, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Dietrich Moura Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Yousefi M, Paktinat M, Mahmoudi N, Pérez-Jiménez A, Hoseini SM. Serum biochemical and non-specific immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to dietary nucleotide and chronic stress. Fish Physiol Biochem 2016; 42:1417-1425. [PMID: 27129724 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether supplementary nucleotide "Optimun" mitigates the adverse effects of chronic overcrowding in Oncorhynchus mykiss. Two experimental diets [control and nucleotide-supplemented (0.2 %)] and two rearing densities (10 and 30 kg m(-3)) were combined to have four experimental treatments. The fish were reared for 45 days under different densities using different diets. At the end of the trial, FCR of the fish in higher density was significantly higher than those of the lower density. Nucleotide had no significant effects on growth performance and survival rate. Supplemented nucleotide significantly increased blood hematocrit, whereas it decreased serum total protein, total immunoglobulin (Ig) and creatinine. Overcrowding significantly increased serum glucose and total protein level and decreased serum lysozyme activity, but supplemented nucleotide produced no improvement in these items. No significant effect of overcrowding and dietary nucleotide was observed on serum cortisol. Supplemented nucleotide significantly increased serum urea under low stocking density. Overall, the results showed that 0.2 % "Optimun" had no positive effects on rainbow trout and also caused some immunological and metabolic problems. These findings are not in accordance with those obtained in the same species, with same nucleotide source and level, but acute stress; thus, further studies are encouraged on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrotechnical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mehdi Paktinat
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nemat Mahmoudi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Amalia Pérez-Jiménez
- Departament of Zoology, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatic Stocks Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, POB 139, Gorgan, Iran.
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