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Soliman R, Yousef M, Gelil SA, Aboul-Ella H. Development of novel Streptococcus equi vaccines with an assessment of their immunizing potentials and protective efficacies. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:173. [PMID: 38702665 PMCID: PMC11067117 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Strangles is a highly contagious disease of the equine upper respiratory tract caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies. Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi) and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) was isolated, as local, hot, and field strains, from horses clinically suffering from respiratory distress. The isolated Streptococci were identified using bacteriological and molecular techniques. Four formulations of inactivated S. equi vaccines were developed and evaluated. The first formulation was prepared using the S. equi isolates, adjuvanted with MONTANIDE GEL adjuvant, while the second formulation was adjuvanted with MONTANIDE ISA-70 adjuvant. The other 2 formulations were inactivated combined vaccines prepared from both S. equi and S. zooepidemicus isolates. The 3rd formulation was the combined isolates adjuvanted with MONTANIDE GEL while the 4th formulation was the combined isolates adjuvanted with MONTANIDE ISA-70. The developed vaccines' physical properties, purity, sterility, safety, and potency were ensured. The immunizing efficacy was determined in isogenic BALB/c mice and white New Zealand rabbits using the passive hemagglutination test. Also, the antibodies' titer of the combined S. equi and S. zooepidemicus vaccine adjuvanted with MONTANIDE ISA-70 in foals was tracked using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protective efficacy of the developed vaccines was determined using a challenge test in both laboratory and field animal models, where a 75% protection rate was achieved. The combined vaccine proved to be more efficacious than the monovalent vaccine. Also, the MONTANIDE ISA-70 adjuvant provided significant protective efficacy than the MONTANIDE GEL. The current work is introducing a very promising mitigative and strategic controlling solution for strangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Soliman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yousef
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Gelil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan Aboul-Ella
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Nakakana U, Serry-Bangura A, Edem BE, Tessitore P, Di Cesare L, Moriel DG, Podda A, De Ryck IS, Arora AK. Application of Transthoracic Echocardiography for Cardiac Safety Evaluation in the Clinical Development Process of Vaccines Against Streptococcus pyogenes. Drugs R D 2024; 24:1-12. [PMID: 38494581 PMCID: PMC11035538 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-024-00452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Superficial infections with Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A), pharyngitis and impetigo can induce acute rheumatic fever, an autoimmune sequela manifesting mostly with arthritis and rheumatic carditis. Valvular heart damage can persist or advance following repeated episodes of acute rheumatic fever, causing rheumatic heart disease. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease disproportionately affect children and young adults in developing countries and disadvantaged communities in developed countries. People living with rheumatic heart disease are at risk of experiencing potentially fatal complications such as heart failure, bacterial endocarditis or stroke. Transthoracic echocardiography plays a central role in diagnosing both rheumatic carditis and rheumatic heart disease. Despite the obvious medical need, no licensed Strep A vaccines are currently available, as their clinical development process faces several challenges, including concerns for cardiac safety. However, the development of Strep A vaccines has been recently relaunched by many vaccine developers. In this context, a reliable and consistent safety evaluation of Strep A vaccine candidates, including the use of transthoracic echocardiography for detecting cardiac adverse events, could greatly contribute to developing a safe and efficacious product in the near future. Here, we propose a framework for the consistent use of transthoracic echocardiography to proactively detect cardiac safety events in clinical trials of Strep A vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Nakakana
- Vaccines Institute for Global Health (Global Health Vaccines R&D), GSK, Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Bassey Effiom Edem
- Vaccines Institute for Global Health (Global Health Vaccines R&D), GSK, Siena, Italy
- Janssen Biologics BV, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Leonardo Di Cesare
- Vaccines Institute for Global Health (Global Health Vaccines R&D), GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Danilo Gomes Moriel
- Vaccines Institute for Global Health (Global Health Vaccines R&D), GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Audino Podda
- Vaccines Institute for Global Health (Global Health Vaccines R&D), GSK, Siena, Italy
- Independent consultant, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar Arora
- Vaccines Institute for Global Health (Global Health Vaccines R&D), GSK, Siena, Italy
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3
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Reis ICD, Fierro-Castro C, Gonçalves GS, Moromizato BS, Tort L, Biller JD. β-glucan mimics tissue damage signaling and generates a trade-off between head kidney and spleen to activate acquired immunity in vaccinated tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 117:179-187. [PMID: 34391940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The association of vaccines with immunostimulants such as β-glucan, promote the production of cytokines, competent immune cells and antibodies. However, differences between β-glucan types and trials make it difficult to understand β-glucan's mechanism of action. In this study, three trials were carried out with control and fish fed β-glucan, the first trial occurred at 15 days; the second trial occurred at 30 days when we associated β-glucan and vaccine; and the third trial occurred at 15 days post-challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (O. niloticus) in order to investigate immune-related gene expression in the head kidney and spleen using real-time qPCR. We found increases in HSP70, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, Lys and C3 predominantly in the head kidney, except for IgM expression, which prevailed in the spleen, under vaccinated + β-glucan action. This demonstrates the trade-off presented by the head kidney and spleen after immunostimulation in order to produce acquired immunity, as well as an increase in HSP70 expression in vaccinated + β-glucan fish. The results suggest that β-glucan stimulates the immune response through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognition. Therefore, these dynamics of the immune response promote a more robust defense against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Camargo Dos Reis
- Departamento de Produção Animal. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena/SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Camino Fierro-Castro
- Universitat of León. Facultad de C.C. Biológicas y Ambientales. Departamento de Molecular Biologia y Genetica. Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Giovanni Sampaio Gonçalves
- SAA/APTA/Instituto de Pesca - Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio do Pescado Continental, São José do Rio Preto /SP, 15025-970, Brazil
| | - Basia Schlichting Moromizato
- Departamento de Produção Animal. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena/SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Lluis Tort
- Departamento de Biología celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Fac. Biociences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaqueline Dalbello Biller
- Departamento de Produção Animal. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena/SP, 17900-000, Brazil.
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Wangkaghart E, Deville S, Wang B, Srisapoome P, Wang T, Secombes CJ. Immune response and protective efficacy of two new adjuvants, Montanide™ ISA 763B VG and Montanide™ GEL02, administered with a Streptococcus agalactiae ghost vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 116:19-29. [PMID: 34153428 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the most important pathogens infecting tilapia worldwide and causes meningoencephalitis, septicemia and high mortalities with considerable losses. Various types of vaccines have been developed against S. agalactiae infection, such as inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines and subunit vaccines. Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are nonliving, empty cell envelopes and have been reported as novel vaccine candidates. Therefore, the main aims of this study were to develop an S. agalactiae ghost vaccine (SAGV) and to evaluate the immune response and protective effect of SAGV against S. agalactiae with two novel adjuvants, Montanide™ ISA 763B VG and Montanide™ GEL02. Nile tilapia, mean weight 50 g, were divided into four groups as follows; 1) fish injected with PBS as control, 2) fish injected with the SAGV alone; 3) fish injected with the SAGV+Montanide™ ISA 763B VG; and 4) fish injected with SAGV+Montanide™ GEL02. Following vaccination, innate immunity parameters including serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, catalase, and bactericidal activity were all significantly enhanced. Moreover, specific serum IgM antibodies were induced and reached their highest level 2-8 weeks post vaccination. Importantly, the relative percent survival of tilapia vaccinated against the SAGV formulated with both adjuvants was 80-93%. Furthermore, the transcription of immune-related genes (IgM, TCRβ, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNFα) were up-regulated in tilapia after vaccination, indicating that both cellular and humoral immune responses were induced by these adjuvanted vaccines. In summary, Montanide™ ISA 763B VG and Montanide™ GEL02 can enhance immunoprotection induced by the SAGV vaccine against streptococcosis, demonstrating that both have value as potential adjuvants of fish vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakapol Wangkaghart
- Research Unit of Excellence for Tropical Fisheries and Technology, Division of Fisheries, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, Thailand.
| | - Sebastien Deville
- SEPPIC, Paris La Défense, 50 Boulevard National, CS 90020, 92257, La Garenne Colombes Cedex, France.
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Jatujak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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Marcusso PF, da Silva Claudiano G, Yunis-Aguinaga J, de Almeida Marinho-Neto F, Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Rosolem MC, Salvador R, Engracia de Moraes JR, Ruas de Moraes F. Immunogenicity in Oreochromis niloticus vaccinated with sonicated antigens against streptococcosis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 115:134-141. [PMID: 34098067 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcosis causes great economic losses in intensive culture of tilapia. Vaccination is the most effective and safest way to tackle infectious diseases. Thus, this study sought the more effective and safer antigenic fraction after sonication of Streptococcus agalactiae to elaborate a vaccine against streptococcosis in Nile tilapia. For this, twenty-one days after vaccination with different fractions (soluble and insoluble) of S. agalactiae, the fish were challenged with the homologous strain (LD50). Then, samples were taken at zero, 14, 28, 60 and 90 days post-vaccination (DPV, n = 7). Blood and organs (cranial kidney, spleen and liver) were collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated fish. Finally, insoluble fraction vaccine presented the best effect, resulting in a 100% relative percent of survival (RPS) and without clinical manifestations. In view of the results, it was to evaluate the role of the insoluble fraction of the antigen in the protective immunity against streptococcosis. The results indicate that the spleen might be the main organ in the vaccine response in Nile tilapia due to the great morphological and immunological differences in vaccinated fish, evidenced by the greater of melanomacrophage centers (MMC) and IgM + lymphocytes in relation to the non-vaccinated fish. At 60 DPV, it was observed the peak of the protective immunity related to the maximum concentration of proteins, circulating leukocytes, antibody titers in the serum and tissue changes with greater expression of IgM + and MMC number in the spleen and kidney of Oreochromis niloticus. Vaccination with insoluble fraction of S. agalactiae was safe and provided effective protection against streptococcosis with maximum protective response at 60 DPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Fernandes Marcusso
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Israel; Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo da Silva Claudiano
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Institute of Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Pará, Brazil; Postgraduated Program in Aquaculture/Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP) Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga
- Scientific University of the South, Lima, Peru; Sea Institute of Peru, Callao, Peru; Postgraduated Program in Aquaculture/Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP) Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fausto de Almeida Marinho-Neto
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil.
| | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Department of Postgraduate in Health Sciences-PROCISA, Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, Brazil.
| | - Dayanne Carla Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Caroline Rosolem
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Veterinary Pathologist Autonomous,.Brazil.
| | | | - Julieta Rodini Engracia de Moraes
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Postgraduated Program in Aquaculture/Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP) Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Ruas de Moraes
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil.
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Ozberk V, Reynolds S, Huo Y, Calcutt A, Eskandari S, Dooley J, Mills JL, Rasmussen IS, Dietrich J, Pandey M, Good MF. Prime-Pull Immunization with a Bivalent M-Protein and Spy-CEP Peptide Vaccine Adjuvanted with CAF®01 Liposomes Induces Both Mucosal and Peripheral Protection from covR/S Mutant Streptococcus pyogenes. mBio 2021; 12:e03537-20. [PMID: 33622722 PMCID: PMC8545125 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03537-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with Streptococcus pyogenes and their sequelae are responsible for an estimated 18 million cases of serious disease with >700 million new primary cases and 500,000 deaths per year. Despite the burden of disease, there is currently no vaccine available for this organism. Here, we define a combination vaccine P*17/K4S2 comprising of 20-mer B-cell peptide epitopes, p*17 (a mutant derived from the highly conserved C3-repeat region of the M-protein), and K4S2 (derived from the streptococcal anti-neutrophil factor, Spy-CEP). The peptides are chemically conjugated to either diphtheria toxoid (DT) or a nontoxic mutant form of diphtheria toxin, CRM197. We demonstrate that a prime-pull immunization regimen involving two intramuscular inoculations with P*17/K4S2 adjuvanted with a two-component liposomal adjuvant system (CAF01; developed by Statens Serum Institut [SSI], Denmark), followed by an intranasal inoculation of unadjuvanted vaccine (in Tris) induces peptide- and S. pyogenes-binding antibodies and protects from mucosal and skin infection with hypervirulent covR/S mutant organisms. Prior vaccination with DT does not diminish the response to the conjugate peptide vaccines. Detailed Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) toxicological evaluation in male and female rats did not reveal any gross or histopathological adverse effects.IMPORTANCE A vaccine to control S. pyogenes infection is desperately warranted. S. pyogenes colonizes the upper respiratory tract (URT) and skin, from where it can progress to invasive and immune-mediated diseases. Global mortality estimates for S. pyogenes-associated diseases exceeds 500,000 deaths per year. S. pyogenes utilizes antigenic variation as a defense mechanism to circumvent host immune responses and thus a successful vaccine needs to provide strain-transcending and multicompartment (mucosal and skin) immunity. By defining highly conserved and protective epitopes from two critical virulence factors (M-protein and Spy-CEP) and combining them with a potent immunostimulant, CAF®01, we are addressing an unmet clinical need for a mucosally and skin-active subunit vaccine. We demonstrate that prime-pull immunization (2× intramuscular injections followed by intranasal immunization) promotes high sustained antibody levels in the airway mucosa and serum and protects against URT and invasive disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunization/methods
- Liposomes/administration & dosage
- Liposomes/chemistry
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Streptococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Streptococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Streptococcus pyogenes/genetics
- Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Simone Reynolds
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Yongbao Huo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Dooley
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jamie-Lee Mills
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ida S Rasmussen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Carboni F, Adamo R. Structure-based glycoconjugate vaccine design: The example of Group B Streptococcus type III capsular polysaccharide. Drug Discov Today Technol 2020; 35-36:23-33. [PMID: 33388125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial surface polysaccharides are important virulence factors and targets for vaccine development. Glycoconjugate vaccines, obtained by covalently linking carbohydrates and proteins, are well established tools for prevention of bacterial infections. Elucidation of the minimal portion involved in the interactions with functional antibodies is of utmost importance for the understanding of their mechanism of induction of protective immune responses and the design of synthetic glycan based vaccines. Typically, this is achieved by combination of different techniques, which include ELISA, glycoarray, Surface Plasmon Resonance in conjunction with approaches for mapping at atomic level the position involved in binding, such as Saturation Transfer NMR and X-ray crystallography. This review provides an overview of the structural studies performed to map glycan epitopes (glycotopes), with focus on the highly complex structure of Group B Streptococcus type III (GBSIII) capsular polysaccharide. Furthermore, it describes the rational process followed to translate the obtained information into the design of a protective glycoconjugate vaccine based on a well-defined synthetic glycan epitope.
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Sanduja P, Gupta M, Somani VK, Yadav V, Dua M, Hanski E, Sharma A, Bhatnagar R, Johri AK. Cross-serotype protection against group A Streptococcal infections induced by immunization with SPy_2191. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3545. [PMID: 32669564 PMCID: PMC7363907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection causes a range of diseases, but vaccine development is hampered by the high number of serotypes. Here, using reverse vaccinology the authors identify SPy_2191 as a cross-protective vaccine candidate. From 18 initially identified surface proteins, only SPy_2191 is conserved, surface-exposed and inhibits both GAS adhesion and invasion. SPy_2191 immunization in mice generates bactericidal antibodies resulting in opsonophagocytic killing of prevalent and invasive GAS serotypes of different geographical regions, including M1 and M49 (India), M3.1 (Israel), M1 (UK) and M1 (USA). Resident splenocytes show higher interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion upon antigen re-stimulation, suggesting activation of cell-mediated immunity. SPy_2191 immunization significantly reduces streptococcal load in the organs and confers ~76-92% protection upon challenge with invasive GAS serotypes. Further, it significantly suppresses GAS pharyngeal colonization in mice mucosal infection model. Our findings suggest that SPy_2191 can act as a universal vaccine candidate against GAS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sanduja
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manish Gupta
- BSL-3 Unit, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Somani
- BSL-3 Unit, Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vikas Yadav
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Meenakshi Dua
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Emanuel Hanski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada(IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abhinay Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada(IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Atul Kumar Johri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Zhang D, Gao Y, Li Q, Ke X, Liu Z, Lu M, Shi C. An effective live attenuated vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae infection in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:853-859. [PMID: 31751658 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is an important pathogen associated with various aquatic animals, especially tilapia. Streptococcosis has greatly limited the healthy development of tilapia aquaculture in recent times. The development of novel effective vaccines is important for the prevention and control of streptococcosis in fish. We previously constructed a non-encapsulated S. agalactiae strain △cps by the in-frame deletion method. Here, we evaluated whether this mutant △cps is safe for tilapia and suitable for protection against streptococcosis. We observed that the △cps strain was non-pathogenic to tilapia, and there was no reversion of virulence when it was passaged in tilapia. Moreover, the △cps strain survived for at least 11 d in the main immune organs of tilapia. The tilapia vaccinated via intraperitoneal (IP) injection with △cps strain induced a high antibody titer, and the IgM antibody levels were significantly higher in the vaccinated group than in the control group. The vaccination protected tilapia against the S. agalactiae challenge with a relative percent survival of 90.47%. In addition, tilapia immunized with the △cps strain showed significantly higher expression level of IFN-γ, IL-1β, MyD88, IgM, and MHC-Iα in the head kidney than those in the control during the entire observation period. The expression of MHC-IIβ was inhibited during 1-7 d of immunization. These results revealed that the △cps strain is able to induce humoral and cell-mediated immune response in tilapia. Therefore, the strain △cps has a broad application prospect as a target for attenuation in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Qingyong Li
- Fisheries Research and Extension Center of Huizhou, Huizhou, 516002, China
| | - Xiaoli Ke
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Maixin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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10
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Wang Q, Fu T, Li X, Luo Q, Huang J, Sun Y, Wang X. Cross-immunity in Nile tilapia vaccinated with Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae vaccines. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 97:382-389. [PMID: 31841691 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae are major bacterial pathogens of tilapia that can cause high mortality concomitant with large economic losses to aquaculture. Although development of vaccines using formalin-killed bacteria to control these diseases has been attempted, the mechanism of immunity against streptococcal infections and the cross-protective ability of these two bacteria remains unclear. To explore the immunological role of these vaccines, we compared the immune responses of tilapia after immunization with both vaccines and compared the relative percent survival (RPS) and cross-immunization protection of tilapia after separate infection with S. agalactiae and S. iniae. All results revealed that vaccinated fish had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of specific antibodies than control fish 14 days post secondary vaccination (PSV) and 7 days post challenge. In vaccinated fish, the mRNA expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-12 (IL-12), caspase-3 (C-3), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon (IFN) was significantly up regulated (P < 0.05) in the head kidney after immunized; similar results were found for IL-8, TNF and IFN in the posterior kidney, meanwhile the expression levels of C-3 and IFN were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the spleen of vaccinated fish. Additionally, the levels of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lysozyme (LZM) in vaccinated fish were improved at different degree when compared to the control fish. These results showed that vaccination with formalin-killed cells (FKCs) of either S. agalactiae or S. iniae conferred protection against infection by the corresponding pathogen in Nile tilapia, resulting in RPS values of 92.3% and 91.7%, respectively. Furthermore, cross-protection was observed, as the S. agalactiae FKC vaccine protected fish from S. iniae infection, and vice versa. These results suggested that the S. agalactiae and S. iniae FKC vaccines can induce immune responses and generate excellent protective effects in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishuo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Tianzeng Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 272000, PR China
| | - Xincang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Qian Luo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Jinjing Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Yongcan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention & Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 272000, PR China.
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11
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Carreras-Abad C, Cochet M, Hall T, Ramkhelawon L, Khalil A, Peregrine E, Vinayakarao L, Sivarajan S, Hamid R, Planche T, Sheridan E, Winchester S, Plumb J, Djennad A, Andrews N, Le Doare K, Heath P. Developing a serocorrelate of protection against invasive group B streptococcus disease in pregnant women: a feasibility study. Health Technol Assess 2019; 23:1-40. [PMID: 31855555 PMCID: PMC6936166 DOI: 10.3310/hta23670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group B streptococcus is the leading cause of infection in infants. Currently, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is the major strategy to prevent invasive group B streptococcus disease. However, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis does not prevent maternal sepsis, premature births, stillbirths or late-onset disease. Maternal vaccination may offer an alternative strategy. Multivalent polysaccharide protein conjugate vaccine development is under way and a serocorrelate of protection is needed to expedite vaccine licensure. OBJECTIVES The ultimate aim of this work is to determine the correlate of protection against the major group B streptococcus disease-causing serotypes in infants in the UK. The aim of this feasibility study is to test key operational aspects of the study design. DESIGN Prospective cohort study of pregnant women and their infants in a 6-month period (1 July to 31 December 2018). SETTING Five secondary and tertiary hospitals from London and South England. National iGBS disease surveillance was conducted in all trusts in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS Pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years who were delivering at one of the selected hospitals and who provided consent during the study period. There were no exclusion criteria. INTERVENTIONS No interventions were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (1) To test the feasibility of collecting serum at delivery from a large cohort of pregnant women. (2) To test the key operational aspects for a proposed large serocorrelates study. (3) To test the feasibility of collecting samples from those with invasive group B streptococcus. RESULTS A total of 1823 women were recruited during the study period. Overall, 85% of serum samples were collected at three sites collecting only cord blood. At the two sites collecting maternal, cord and infant blood samples, the collection rate was 60%. A total of 614 women were screened for group B streptococcus with a colonisation rate of 22% (serotype distribution: 30% III, 25% Ia, 16% II, 14% Ib, 14% V and 1% IV). A blood sample was collected from 34 infants who were born to colonised women. Maternal and infant blood and the bacterial isolates for 15 newborns who developed invasive group B streptococcal disease during the study period were collected (serotype distribution: 29% III, 29% II, 21% Ia, 7% Ib, 7% IV and 7% V). LIMITATIONS Recruitment and sample collection were dependent on the presence of research midwives rather than the whole clinical team. In addition, individualised consent limited the number of women who could be approached each day, and site set-up for the national surveillance study and the limited time period of this feasibility study limited recruitment of all eligible participants. CONCLUSIONS We have verified the feasibility of collecting and processing rectovaginal swabs and blood samples in pregnant women, as well as samples from those with invasive group B streptococcal disease. We have made recommendations for the recruitment of cases within the proposed GBS3 study and for controls both within GBS3 and as an extension of this feasibility study. FUTURE WORK A large case-control study comparing specific immunoglobulin G levels in mothers whose infants develop invasive group B streptococcal disease with those in colonised mothers whose infants do not develop invasive group B streptococcal disease is recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN49326091; IRAS project identification number 246149/REC reference number 18/WM/0147. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 67. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Carreras-Abad
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Madeleine Cochet
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Tom Hall
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Laxmee Ramkhelawon
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Asma Khalil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Peregrine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Latha Vinayakarao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
| | - Sharmila Sivarajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK
| | - Rosol Hamid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Croydon Health Services NHS Trust, Croydon, UK
| | - Tim Planche
- Microbiology Department, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Stephen Winchester
- Microbiology Department, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, UK
| | - Jane Plumb
- Group B Strep Support Group, Haywards Heath, UK
| | - Abdelmajid Djennad
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Nick Andrews
- Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Heath
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group and Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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Vekemans J, Moorthy V, Friede M, Alderson MR, Sobanjo-Ter Meulen A, Baker CJ, Heath PT, Madhi SA, Mehring-Le Doare K, Saha SK, Schrag S, Kaslow DC. Maternal immunization against Group B streptococcus: World Health Organization research and development technological roadmap and preferred product characteristics. Vaccine 2019; 37:7391-7393. [PMID: 29398277 PMCID: PMC6892248 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Group B streptococcus, found in the vagina or lower gastrointestinal tract of about 10-40% of women of reproductive age, is a leading cause of early life invasive bacterial disease, potentially amenable to prevention through maternal immunization during pregnancy. Following a consultation process with global stakeholders, the World Health Organization is herein proposing priority research and development pathways and preferred product characteristics for GBS vaccines, with the aim to facilitate and accelerate vaccine licensure, policy recommendation for wide scale use and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul T Heath
- Vaccine Institute, St Georges, University of London, London, UK
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Samir K Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Institute of Child Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ke XL, Zhang DF, Li QY, Liu ZG, Gao FY, Lu MX, Yang H. Digital gene expression analysis in the liver of ScpB-vaccinated and Streptococcus agalactiae-challenged Nile tilapia. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 94:249-257. [PMID: 31470139 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, streptococcal diseases have severely threatened the development of tilapia aquaculture, but effective prevention and control methods have not yet been established. To understand the immune responses of vaccinated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), digital gene expression (DGE) technology was applied in this study to detect the gene expression profile of the Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) liver in response to ScpB (Streptococcal C5a peptidase from group B Streptococcus, ScpB) vaccination and a Streptococcus agalactiae-challenge. The control and the ScpB-vaccinated Nile tilapia yielded a total of 25,788,734 and 27,088,598 clean reads, respectively. A total of 1234 significant differentially expressed unigenes were detected (P < 0.05), of which 236 were significantly up-regulated, and 269 were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05, |fold|>2, FDR<0.05). Of the differentially expressed gene, the identified genes which were enriched using databases of GO and KEGG could be categorized into a total of 67 functional groups and were mapped to 153 signaling pathways including 15 immune-related pathways. The differentially expressed genes (TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR9, MyD88, C3, IL-1β, IL-10) were detected in the expression profiles, and this was subsequently verified via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results of this study can serve as a basis for future research not only on the molecular mechanism of S. agalactiae invasion, but also on the anti-S. agalactiae mechanism in targeted tissues of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Ke
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - De-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Qing-Yong Li
- Fisheries Research & Extension Center of Huizhou, Huizhou, 516002, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Feng-Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Mai-Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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14
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Fernández-Prada M, Viejo-González A, Martínez-Torrón A, Martínez-Ortega C, Ruiz-Salazar J, Huerta-González I. [Vaccine-related adverse reactions in immunocompromised patients and in special situations of a hospital Vaccine Unit]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2019; 32:432-439. [PMID: 31558008 PMCID: PMC6790885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to describe the type of vaccines administered in the Vaccine Unit at a reference hospital. Calculate the overall and specific reporting rate of adverse reactions. METHODS Retrospective observational study for the period between November 2014 and November 2017, on patients who developed an adverse drug reaction (ADR) after the administration of a vaccine and who were notified to the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System. The variables analyzed were age, sex, risk group, vaccine class, co-administration and type of ADR. A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. The global and vaccine specific rate of ADR notification was calculated. RESULTS A total of 18,123 vaccines were administered, of which 20.7% corresponded to hepatitis B virus vaccine. Fifty-three RAM suspects were reported. In 64.2% of cases only one vaccine was administered. Inactivated vaccines accounted for 88.7% of notifications. The highest number of notifications was generated by the 23 serotypes pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The overall reporting rate was 0.42%. The hexavalent vaccine had the highest reporting rate (2.81%). 49.1% of the ADR were systemic. CONCLUSIONS The overall reporting rate was low but higher than that of other authors. Proper reporting of possible adverse post-vaccine reactions is essential to contribute to vaccine safety and to increase public confidence in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Martínez-Torrón
- Alba Martínez-Torrón. Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Avda. Valdecilla 25, 39008. Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
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15
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Seale AC, Baker CJ, Berkley JA, Madhi SA, Ordi J, Saha SK, Schrag SJ, Sobanjo-Ter Meulen A, Vekemans J. Vaccines for maternal immunization against Group B Streptococcus disease: WHO perspectives on case ascertainment and case definitions. Vaccine 2019; 37:4877-4885. [PMID: 31303524 PMCID: PMC6677922 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important cause of disease in young infants, stillbirths, pregnant and post-partum women. GBS vaccines for maternal immunization are in development aiming to reduce this burden. Standardisation of case definitions and ascertainment methodologies for GBS disease is needed to support future trials of maternal GBS vaccines. Considerations presented here may also serve to promote consistency in observational studies and surveillance, to better establish disease burden. The World Health Organization convened a working group to provide consensus guidance for case ascertainment and case definitions of GBS disease in stillbirths, infants, pregnant and post-partum women, with feedback sought from external stakeholders. In intervention studies, case capture and case ascertainment for GBS disease should be based on antenatal recruitment of women, with active follow-up, systematic clinical assessment, standardised sampling strategies and optimised laboratory methods. Confirmed cases of invasive GBS disease in stillbirths or infants should be included in a primary composite endpoint for vaccine efficacy studies, with GBS cultured from a usually sterile body site (may be post-mortem). For additional endpoints, or observational studies, confirmed cases of GBS sepsis in pregnant and post-partum women should be assessed. Culture independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) may detect additional presumed cases, however, the use of these diagnostics needs further evaluation. Efficacy of vaccination against maternal and neonatal GBS colonisation, and maternal GBS urinary tract infection could be included as additional, separate, endpoints and/or in observational studies. Whilst the focus here is on specific GBS disease outcomes, intervention studies also present an opportunity to establish the contribution of GBS across adverse perinatal outcomes, including all-cause stillbirth, preterm birth and neonatal encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Seale
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK; College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Carol J Baker
- Department of Pediatric, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James A Berkley
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, & Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaume Ordi
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samir K Saha
- Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephanie J Schrag
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Rivera-Hernandez T, Carnathan DG, Jones S, Cork AJ, Davies MR, Moyle PM, Toth I, Batzloff MR, McCarthy J, Nizet V, Goldblatt D, Silvestri G, Walker MJ. An Experimental Group A Streptococcus Vaccine That Reduces Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis in a Nonhuman Primate Model. mBio 2019; 10:e00693-19. [PMID: 31040243 PMCID: PMC6495378 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00693-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections account for an estimated 500,000 deaths every year. This bacterial pathogen is responsible for a variety of mild and life-threatening infections and the triggering of chronic autoimmune sequelae. Pharyngitis caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS), but not asymptomatic GAS carriage, is a prerequisite for acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Repeated bouts of ARF may trigger rheumatic heart disease (RHD), a major cause of heart failure and stroke accounting for 275,000 deaths annually. A vaccine that prevents pharyngitis would markedly reduce morbidity and mortality from ARF and RHD. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been utilized to model GAS diseases, and experimentally infected rhesus macaques develop pharyngitis. Here we use an NHP model of GAS pharyngitis to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental vaccine, Combo5 (arginine deiminase [ADI], C5a peptidase [SCPA], streptolysin O [SLO], interleukin-8 [IL-8] protease [SpyCEP], and trigger factor [TF]), specifically designed to exclude GAS components potentially linked to autoimmune complications. Antibody responses against all Combo5 antigens were detected in NHP serum, and immunized NHPs showed a reduction in pharyngitis and tonsillitis compared to controls. Our work establishes the NHP model as a gold standard for the assessment of GAS vaccines.IMPORTANCE GAS-related diseases disproportionally affect disadvantaged populations (e.g., indigenous populations), and development of a vaccine has been neglected. A recent strong advocacy campaign driven by the World Health Organization and the International Vaccine Institute has highlighted the urgent need for a GAS vaccine. One significant obstacle in GAS vaccine development is the lack of a widely used animal model to assess vaccine efficacy. Researchers in the field use a wide range of murine models of infection and in vitro assays, sometimes yielding conflicting results. Here we present the nonhuman primate pharyngeal infection model as a tool to assess vaccine-induced protection against colonization and clinical symptoms of pharyngitis and tonsillitis. We have tested the efficacy of an experimental vaccine candidate with promising results. We believe that the utilization of this valuable tool by the GAS vaccine research community could significantly accelerate the realization of a safe and effective GAS vaccine for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott Jones
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Cork
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark R Davies
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter M Moyle
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James McCarthy
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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17
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Yao YY, Chen DD, Cui ZW, Zhang XY, Zhou YY, Guo X, Li AH, Zhang YA. Oral vaccination of tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae using Bacillus subtilis spores expressing Sip. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 86:999-1008. [PMID: 30590166 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae infections are becoming an increasing problem in aquaculture because of significant morbidity and mortality, which restricts the healthy development of tilapia aquaculture. To seek safe and effective prevention measures, a Bacillus subtilis GC5 surface displayed vaccine was prepared and applied orally in tilapia. The study first showed that recombinant spores can engraft in the tilapia intestine. Then, the effect of protection and the immune responses were evaluated. The results of ELISA showed that Sip-specific antibody in the sera of GC5-Sip-immunized fish can be detected after the first oral administration when compared to the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) control group, and the levels of specific IgM gradually strengthened with boosting, so does the specific antibody against bacteria, proving that humoral immunity was induced. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the immune-related gene expression of the gut and spleen exhibited a different rising trend in the GC5-Sip group, revealing that innate immune response and local as well as systemic cellular immunity were induced. The outcome of fish immunized with GC5-Sip spores provided a relative percent survival (RPS) of 41.7% against S. agalactiae and GC5 group had an RPS of 24.2%, indicating that GC5-Sip was safe and effective in protecting tilapia against bacterial infection. Our study demonstrated that the oral administration of B. subtilis spores expressing Sip could cause an effective immune response and offer good resistance to bacterial infection. Our work may lead to the development of new ideas for immunoprophylaxis against S. agalactiae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Yao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Cui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ai-Hua Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; State Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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18
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Wang J, Lu DQ, Jiang B, Luo HL, Lu GL, Li AX. The effect of intermittent hypoxia under different temperature on the immunomodulation in Streptococcus agalactiae vaccinated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 79:181-192. [PMID: 29684601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature are the potential immunomodulators in fish and play the important roles in regulating immunity. We studied the effect of intermittent hypoxia under different temperature on the immunomodulation in vaccinated Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The expression of immune-related genes, enzymatic activities, histology, cumulative mortality, and S. agalactiae clearance were assessed. Study conditions were intermittently hypoxic (4.0 ± 1.0 mg/L DO) at 30 ± 0.5 °C or 35 ± 0.5 °C. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA expression in spleen and head kidney were significantly lower in vaccinated hypoxic fish compared to the vaccinated normoxic fish. Levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in tissues showed an opposite tendency. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly lower in vaccinated hypoxic fish. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly greater under hypoxic conditions. In vitro studies evaluated the effects of intermittent hypoxia at different temperatures on cells of vaccinated O. niloticus. Phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in head kidney cells were significantly decreased by intermittent hypoxia at either 30 °C or 35 °C, while nitric oxide levels in tissues cells increased significantly under hypoxic conditions. These changes were well reflected by the further suppression modulation on S. agalactiae clearance in vaccinated O. niloticus and higher cumulative mortality by intermittent hypoxia. Taken together, intermittent hypoxia at either 30 °C or 35 °C could suppress immunomodulation in vaccinated Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Dan-Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Biao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Heng-Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ge-Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, Shandong Province, PR China.
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19
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Sekuloski S, Batzloff MR, Griffin P, Parsonage W, Elliott S, Hartas J, O’Rourke P, Marquart L, Pandey M, Rubin FA, Carapetis J, McCarthy J, Good MF. Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of a group A streptococcus vaccine candidate (MJ8VAX) in a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198658. [PMID: 29965967 PMCID: PMC6028081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a serious human pathogen that affects people of different ages and socio-economic levels. Although vaccination is potentially one of the most effective methods to control GAS infection and its sequelae, few prototype vaccines have been investigated in humans. In this study, we report the safety and immunogenicity of a novel acetylated peptide-protein conjugate vaccine candidate MJ8VAX (J8-DT), when delivered intramuscularly to healthy adults. METHODS A randomized, double-blinded, controlled Phase I clinical trial was conducted in 10 healthy adult participants. Participants were randomized 4:1 to receive the vaccine candidate (N = 8) or placebo (N = 2). A single dose of the vaccine candidate (MJ8VAX), contained 50 μg of peptide conjugate (J8-DT) adsorbed onto aluminium hydroxide and re-suspended in PBS in a total volume of 0.5 mL. Safety of the vaccine candidate was assessed by monitoring local and systemic adverse reactions following intramuscular administration. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was assessed by measuring the levels of peptide (anti-J8) and toxoid carrier (anti-DT)-specific antibodies in serum samples. RESULTS No serious adverse events were reported over 12 months of study. A total of 13 adverse events (AEs) were recorded, two of which were assessed to be associated with the vaccine. Both were mild in severity. No local reactogenicity was recorded in any of the participants. MJ8VAX was shown to be immunogenic, with increase in vaccine-specific antibodies in the participants who received the vaccine. The maximum level of vaccine-specific antibodies was detected at 28 days post immunization. The level of these antibodies decreased with time during follow-up. Participants who received the vaccine also had a corresponding increase in anti-DT serum antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular administration of MJ8VAX was demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic. The presence of DT in the vaccine formulation resulted in a boost in the level of anti-DT antibodies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12613000030774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Sekuloski
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael R. Batzloff
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Griffin
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Q-Pharm Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Mater Hospital and Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - William Parsonage
- Australian Centre for Health Service Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jon Hartas
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter O’Rourke
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Louise Marquart
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fran A. Rubin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia and Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - James McCarthy
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael F. Good
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Wozniak A, Scioscia N, García PC, Dale JB, Paillavil BA, Legarraga P, Salazar-Echegarai FJ, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Protective immunity induced by an intranasal multivalent vaccine comprising 10 Lactococcus lactis strains expressing highly prevalent M-protein antigens derived from Group A Streptococcus. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:395-404. [PMID: 29704396 PMCID: PMC6013395 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) causes diseases ranging from mild pharyngitis to severe invasive infections. The N-terminal fragment of streptococcal M protein elicits protective antibodies and is an attractive vaccine target. However, this N- terminal fragment is hypervariable: there are more than 200 different M types. In this study, an intranasal live bacterial vaccine comprising 10 strains of Lactococcus lactis, each expressing one N-terminal fragment of M protein, has been developed. Live bacterial-vectored vaccines cost less to manufacture because the processes involved are less complex than those required for production of protein subunit vaccines. Moreover, intranasal administration does not require syringes or specialized personnel. Evaluation of individual vaccine types (M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, M9, M12, M22, M28 and M77) showed that most of them protected mice against challenge with virulent S. pyogenes. All 10 strains combined in a 10-valent vaccine (M×10) induced serum and bronchoalveolar lavage IgG titers that ranged from three- to 10-fold those of unimmunized mice. After intranasal challenge with M28 streptococci, survival of M×10-immunized mice was significantly higher than that of unimmunized mice. In contrast, when mice were challenged with M75 streptococci, survival of M×10-immunized mice did not differ significantly from that of unimmunized mice. Mx-10 immunized mice had significantly less S. pyogenes in oropharyngeal washes and developed less severe disease symptoms after challenge than did unimmunized mice. Our L. lactis-based vaccine may provide an alternative solution to development of broadly protective group A streptococcal vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal/methods
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/classification
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/classification
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Body Weight
- Carrier Proteins/classification
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Immunity
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Lactococcus lactis/immunology
- Lactococcus lactis/pathogenicity
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Streptococcal Infections/immunology
- Streptococcal Infections/microbiology
- Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Streptococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Streptococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniela Wozniak
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Natalia Scioscia
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Patricia C. García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - James B. Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, TN 38163, USA
| | - Braulio A. Paillavil
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Paulette Legarraga
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Francisco J. Salazar-Echegarai
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
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21
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Sheng X, Liu M, Liu H, Tang X, Xing J, Zhan W. Identification of immunogenic proteins and evaluation of recombinant PDHA1 and GAPDH as potential vaccine candidates against Streptococcus iniae infection in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195450. [PMID: 29847601 PMCID: PMC5976140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus iniae is a major Gram-positive pathogen that causes invasive disease in fish worldwide. In this study, in order to identify immunogenic proteins for developing highly effective vaccine against S. iniae, whole-cell lysate proteins of S. iniae were analyzed by western blotting using flounder anti-S. iniae antibodies, and two positive protein bands of molecular weight 37 kDa and 40 kDa were screened, which were identified as pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha (PDHA1), BMP family ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (BMP) and L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT), lactate oxidas (LOx) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by mass spectrometry. Subsequently, the six recombinant proteins were produced and used to immunize healthy flounder, and the relative percent survival (RPS) value was 72.73%, 27.27%, 36.36%, 9.09%, 36.36% and 63.64% respectively after intraperitoneal challenge with live S. iniae, revealing that rPDHA1 and rGAPDH produced higher relative percent survival than formalin-killed S. iniae (36.36%). To further investigate the protective efficacy of rPDHA1 and rGAPDH, the proliferation of surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive (sIg+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood leucocytes, the total serum IgM, specific IgM against S. iniae and RPS were detected. The results showed that rPDHA1, rGAPDH and formalin-killed S. iniae significantly induced the proliferation of sIg+ lymphocytes, the production of total serum IgM and specific IgM as compared with the control group, and rGAPDH and rPDHA1 provide higher RPS (62.5% and 75%, respectively) again. These results demonstrated that rPDHA1 and rGAPDH are promising vaccine candidates against S. iniae infection in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
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22
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Gupalova T, Leontieva G, Kramskaya T, Grabovskaya K, Bormotova E, Korjevski D, Suvorov A. Development of experimental GBS vaccine for mucosal immunization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196564. [PMID: 29727446 PMCID: PMC5935385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, or group B streptococcus (GBS), is an important pathogen as it is the leading cause of neonatal deaths due to sepsis, meningitis or bacterial pneumonia. Although the development of an effective and safe GBS vaccine is on the agenda of many research labs, there is no GBS vaccine on the market yet. In the present study we attempted to engineer a live vaccine strain based on Bac, a surface protein of GBS, incorporated into a surface fimbrial protein of probiotic Enterococcus. The resulting strain induced specific systemic and local immune responses in mice and provided protection against GBS when administered via the intranasal, oral or intravaginal immunization routes.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Administration, Intravaginal
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Bacterial Load
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Enterococcus faecium/genetics
- Enterococcus faecium/immunology
- Female
- Fimbriae Proteins/genetics
- Fimbriae Proteins/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Mice
- Probiotics
- Streptococcal Infections/immunology
- Streptococcal Infections/microbiology
- Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Streptococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Streptococcal Vaccines/genetics
- Streptococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Streptococcus agalactiae/genetics
- Streptococcus agalactiae/immunology
- Streptococcus agalactiae/pathogenicity
- Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Conjugate/genetics
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Gupalova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - G. Leontieva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - T. Kramskaya
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - K. Grabovskaya
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. Bormotova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - D. Korjevski
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. Suvorov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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23
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Brockmeier SL, Loving CL, Nicholson TL, Wang J, Peters SE, Weinert L, Chaudhuri R, Seilly DJ, Langford PR, Rycroft A, Wren BW, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW. Use of Proteins Identified through a Functional Genomic Screen To Develop a Protein Subunit Vaccine That Provides Significant Protection against Virulent Streptococcus suis in Pigs. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00559-17. [PMID: 29203546 PMCID: PMC5820948 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00559-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a bacterium that is commonly carried in the respiratory tract and that is also one of the most important invasive pathogens of swine, commonly causing meningitis, arthritis, and septicemia. Due to the existence of many serotypes and a wide range of immune evasion capabilities, efficacious vaccines are not readily available. The selection of S. suis protein candidates for inclusion in a vaccine was accomplished by identifying fitness genes through a functional genomics screen and selecting conserved predicted surface-associated proteins. Five candidate proteins were selected for evaluation in a vaccine trial and administered both intranasally and intramuscularly with one of two different adjuvant formulations. Clinical protection was evaluated by subsequent intranasal challenge with virulent S. suis While subunit vaccination with the S. suis proteins induced IgG antibodies to each individual protein and a cellular immune response to the pool of proteins and provided substantial protection from challenge with virulent S. suis, the immune response elicited and the degree of protection were dependent on the parenteral adjuvant given. Subunit vaccination induced IgG reactive against different S. suis serotypes, indicating a potential for cross protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Peters
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Chaudhuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David J Seilly
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Rycroft
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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24
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Schulze K, Ebensen T, Chandrudu S, Skwarczynski M, Toth I, Olive C, Guzman CA. Bivalent mucosal peptide vaccines administered using the LCP carrier system stimulate protective immune responses against Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Nanomedicine 2017; 13:2463-2474. [PMID: 28887213 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the broad knowledge about the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pyogenes there is still a controversy about the correlate of protection in GAS infections. We aimed in further improving the immune responses stimulated against GAS comparing different vaccine formulations including bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and BPPCysMPEG, a derivative of the macrophage-activating lipopeptide (MALP-2), as adjuvants, respectively, to be administered with and without the universal T helper cell epitope P25 along with the optimized B cell epitope J14 of the M protein and B and T cell epitopes of SfbI. Lipopeptide based nano carrier systems (LCP) were used for efficient antigen delivery across the mucosal barrier. The stimulated immune responses were efficient in protecting mice against a respiratory challenge with a lethal dose of a heterologous S. pyogenes strain. Moreover, combination of the LCP based peptide vaccine with c-di-AMP allowed reduction of antigen dose at the same time maintaining vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Saranya Chandrudu
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Luc ia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Luc ia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, St Luc ia, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Colleen Olive
- Central Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Health Support Queensland, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos A Guzman
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Marchant A, Sadarangani M, Garand M, Dauby N, Verhasselt V, Pereira L, Bjornson G, Jones CE, Halperin SA, Edwards KM, Heath P, Openshaw PJ, Scheifele DW, Kollmann TR. Maternal immunisation: collaborating with mother nature. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; 17:e197-e208. [PMID: 28433705 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal immunisation has the potential to substantially reduce morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases after birth. The success of tetanus, influenza, and pertussis immunisation during pregnancy has led to consideration of additional maternal immunisation strategies to prevent group B streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus infections, among others. However, many gaps in knowledge regarding the immunobiology of maternal immunisation prevent the optimal design and application of this successful public health intervention. Therefore, we did an innovative landscape analysis to identify research priorities. Key topics were delineated through review of the published literature, consultation with vaccine developers and regulatory agencies, and a collaborative workshop that gathered experts across several maternal immunisation initiatives-group B streptococcus, respiratory syncytial virus, pertussis, and influenza. Finally, a global online survey prioritised the identified knowledge gaps on the basis of expert opinion about their importance and relevance. Here we present the results of this worldwide landscape analysis and discuss the identified research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Garand
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vaccine and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valerie Verhasselt
- Faculty of Molecular Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Gordean Bjornson
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine E Jones
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre, and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul Heath
- St George's Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Openshaw
- Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David W Scheifele
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Mortensen R, Christensen D, Hansen LB, Christensen JP, Andersen P, Dietrich J. Local Th17/IgA immunity correlate with protection against intranasal infection with Streptococcus pyogenes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175707. [PMID: 28414746 PMCID: PMC5393599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus, GAS) is responsible for a wide array of infections. Respiratory transmission via droplets is the most common mode of transmission but it may also infect the host via other routes such as lesions in the skin. To advance the development of a future vaccine against GAS, it is therefore important to investigate how protective immunity is related to the route of vaccine administration. To explore this, we examined whether a parenterally administered anti-GAS vaccine could protect against an intranasal GAS infection or if this would require locally primed immunity. We foundd that a parenteral CAF01 adjuvanted GAS vaccine offered no protection against intranasal infection despite inducing strong systemic Th1/Th17/IgG immunity that efficiently protected against an intraperitoneal GAS infection. However, the same vaccine administered via the intranasal route was able to induce protection against repeated intranasal GAS infections in a murine challenge model. The lack of intranasal protection induced by the parenteral vaccine correlated with a reduced mucosal recall response at the site of infection. Taken together, our results demonstrate that locally primed immunity is important for the defense against intranasal infection with Streptococcus pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Mortensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Bøllehuus Hansen
- Rigshospitalet, Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Andersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Ismail MS, Syafiq MR, Siti-Zahrah A, Fahmi S, Shahidan H, Hanan Y, Amal MNA, Zamri Saad M. The effect of feed-based vaccination on tilapia farm endemic for streptococcosis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 60:21-24. [PMID: 27864157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A tilapia farm experiencing endemic streptococcosis was selected to study the effect of vaccination with a feed-based vaccine on naturally ocurring streptococcosis. A total of 9000 red tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus of 100 ± 20 g were divided into 9 cages. Fish of Group 1 in cages 1, 2 and 3 were not vaccinated. Group 2 in cages 4, 5 and 6 were vaccinated on days 0 and 14 (single booster) while Group 3 in cages 7, 8 and 9 were vaccinated on days 0, 14 and 42 (double booster). Vaccination was done by oral administration of the feed-based bacterin vaccine at 4% bodyweight. Samples of serum for antibody study and the brain, eyes and kidney for bacterial isolation were collected at 14-day intervals. The study was carried out during the critical months between April and June. Following vaccination and booster, there was significant (p < 0.05) increase in the antibody levels in all vaccinated groups from week 1 that reached the peak at week 3 before declining gradually until week 6. However, second booster on week 6 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the antibody level that remained high until the end of the 16-week study period (double booster). Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated at the start of the experiment (day 0) at an average of 10 ± 5.0% of the sampled fish. In week 4, the isolation rate was 13 ± 5.7% but increased to 18 ± 7.6% in week 8, to 25 ± 10.0% in week 10, to 28 ± 5.8% in week 12 and 25 ± 7.3% in week 14. The average isolation rate was 28 ± 7.2%, 18 ± 7.1% and 13 ± 8.2% of the fish sampled from unvaccinated, single booster and double booster groups, respectively. At the end of the study period, the survival rate was 45.2 ± 2.45% for unvaccinated, 65.3 ± 4.8% for single booster and 75.1 ± 2.1% for double booster groups. Vaccinating fish in endemic farm might not eliminate the disease but was able to significantly improve the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ismail
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M R Syafiq
- National Fish Health Research Centre, Batu Maung, 11960 Penang, Malaysia
| | - A Siti-Zahrah
- National Fish Health Research Centre, Batu Maung, 11960 Penang, Malaysia
| | - S Fahmi
- National Fish Health Research Centre, Batu Maung, 11960 Penang, Malaysia
| | - H Shahidan
- National Fish Health Research Centre, Batu Maung, 11960 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Y Hanan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Division, FRI Glami Lemi, 71650 Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - M N A Amal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M Zamri Saad
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
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Ghaffar KA, Marasini N, Giddam AK, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Liposome-based intranasal delivery of lipopeptide vaccine candidates against group A streptococcus. Acta Biomater 2016; 41:161-8. [PMID: 27063491 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Group A streptococcus (GAS), an exclusively human pathogen, causes a wide range of diseases ranging from trivial to life threatening. Treatment of infection is often ineffective following entry of bacteria into the bloodstream. To date, there is no vaccine available against GAS. In this study, cationic liposomes encapsulating lipopeptide-based vaccine candidates against GAS have been employed for intranasal vaccine delivery. Cationic liposomes were prepared with dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) using the film hydration method. Female Swiss mice were immunized intranasally with the liposomes. In contrast to unmodified peptides, lipopeptides entrapped by liposomes induced both mucosal and systemic immunity, IgA and IgG (IgG1 and IgG2a) production in mice, respectively. High levels of antibody (IgA and IgG) titres were detected even five months post immunization. Thus, the combination of lipopeptides and liposomes generates a very promising delivery system for intranasal vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Group A streptococcus, causing rheumatic heart diseases, kills approximately half a million people annually. There is no vaccine available against the infection. Mucosal immunity is vital in ensuring an individual is protected as this gram positive bacteria initially colonizes at the throat. Herein, we demonstrated that lipopeptides entrapped by liposomes induced both mucosal and systemic immunity. High levels of antibody (IgA and IgG) titres were detected even five months post immunization and lead vaccine candidate was able to induce humoral immune responses even after single immunization. Thus, the combination of lipopeptides and liposomes generates a very promising delivery system for intranasal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Abdul Ghaffar
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nirmal Marasini
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ashwini Kumar Giddam
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Quan V, Verani JR, Cohen C, von Gottberg A, Meiring S, Cutland CL, Schrag SJ, Madhi SA. Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in South Africa: Importance of Surveillance Methodology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152524. [PMID: 27055184 PMCID: PMC4824385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) invasive disease burden are needed to refine prevention policies. Differences in surveillance methods and investigating for cases can lead to varying disease burden estimates. We compared the findings of laboratory-based passive surveillance for GBS disease across South Africa, and for one of the provinces compared this to a real-time, systematic, clinical surveillance in a population-defined region in Johannesburg, Soweto. Passive surveillance identified a total of 799 early-onset disease (EOD, <7 days age) and 818 LOD (late onset disease, 7-89 days age) cases nationwide. The passive surveillance provincial incidence varied for EOD (range 0.00 to 1.23/1000 live births), and was 0.03 to 1.04/1000 live births for LOD. The passive surveillance rates for Soweto, were not significantly different compared to those from the systematic surveillance (EOD 1.23 [95%CI 1.06-1.43] vs. 1.50 [95%CI 1.30-1.71], respectively, rate ratio 0.82 [95%CI 0.67-1.01]; LOD 1.04 [95% CI 0.90-1.23] vs. 1.22 [95%CI 1.05-1.42], rate ratio 0.85 [95% CI 0.68-1.07]). A review of the few cases missed in the passive system in Soweto, suggested that missing key identifiers, such as date of birth, resulted in their omission during the electronic data extraction process. Our analysis suggests that passive surveillance provides a modestly lower estimate of invasive GBS rates compared to real time sentinel-site systematic surveillance, however, this is unlikely to be the reason for the provincial variability in incidence of invasive GBS disease in South Africa. This, possibly reflects that invasive GBS disease goes undiagnosed due to issues related to access to healthcare, poor laboratory capacity and varying diagnostic procedures or empiric antibiotic treatment of neonates with suspected sepsis in the absence of attempting to making a microbiological diagnosis. An efficacious GBS vaccine for pregnant women, when available, could be used as a probe to better quantify the burden of invasive GBS disease in low-middle resourced settings such as ours. From our study passive systems are important to monitor trends over time as long as they are interpreted with caution; active systems give better detailed information and will have greater representivity when expanded to other surveillance sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Quan
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jennifer R. Verani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan Meiring
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clare L. Cutland
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephanie J. Schrag
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shabir A. Madhi
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology / National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Gauteng, South Africa
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Heyderman RS, Madhi SA, French N, Cutland C, Ngwira B, Kayambo D, Mboizi R, Koen A, Jose L, Olugbosi M, Wittke F, Slobod K, Dull PM. Group B streptococcus vaccination in pregnant women with or without HIV in Africa: a non-randomised phase 2, open-label, multicentre trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2016; 16:546-555. [PMID: 26869376 PMCID: PMC4835545 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Neonates born to women infected with HIV are at increased risk for invasive group B streptococcus (GBS) disease. We aimed to compare safety and immunogenicity of trivalent glycoconjugate GBS vaccine in pregnant women with and without HIV in Malawi and South Africa. Methods In our non-randomised phase 2, open-label, multicentre study, we recruited pregnant women attending two antenatal clinics, one in Blantyre, Malawi, and one in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa. Participants were divided into three groups on the basis of their HIV infection status (no infection, infection and high CD4 cell count [>350 cells per μL], and infection and low CD4 cell count [>50 to ≤350 cells per μL]) and received a 5 μg dose of glycoconjugate GBS vaccine (serotypes Ia, Ib, and III, with CRM197 [Novartis Vaccines, Siena, Italy]) intramuscularly at 24–35 weeks' gestation. GBS serotype-specific antibody concentrations were measured before vaccination (day 1), day 15, day 31, and at delivery, and in infants at birth and day 42 of life. The primary outcomes were safety in mothers and infants and the amount of placental transfer of GBS serotype-specific antibodies from mothers to their infants. All immunogenicity and safety analyses were done on the full analysis set, including participants who, or whose mother, correctly received the vaccine and who provided at least one valid assessable serum sample. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01412801. Findings 270 women and 266 infants were enrolled between Sept 26, 2011, and Dec 4, 2012 (90 women and 87 infants without HIV, 89 and 88 with HIV and high CD4 cell counts, and 91 and 91 with HIV and low CD4 cell counts, respectively). Seven women were lost to follow-up, six withdrew consent, one died, and two relocated. Eight infants died or were stillborn and two were lost to follow-up. Across serotypes, fold change in antibody concentrations were higher for the HIV-uninfected group than the HIV-infected groups. Transfer ratios were similar across all three groups (0·49–0·72; transfer ratio is infant geometric mean antibody concentration in blood collected within 72 h of birth divided by maternal geometric mean antibody concentration in blood collected at delivery); however, at birth, maternally derived serotype-specific antibody concentrations were lower for infants born to women infected with HIV (0·52–1·62 μg/mL) than for those born to women not infected with HIV (2·67–3·91 μg/mL). 151 (57%) of 265 women reported at least one solicited adverse reaction: 39 (45%) of 87 women with HIV and low CD4 cell counts, 52 (59%) of 88 women with HIV and high CD4 cell counts, and 60 (67%) of 90 women in the HIV-uninfected group. 49 (18%) of 269 women had at least one adverse event deemed possibly related to the vaccine (six [7%] in the HIV and low CD4 cell count group, 12 [13%] in the HIV and high CD4 cell count group, and 21 [23%] in the HIV-uninfected group), as did three (1%) of 266 neonates (zero, two [1%], and one [1%]); none of these events was regarded as serious. Interpretation The vaccine was less immunogenic in women infected with HIV than it was in those not infected, irrespective of CD4 cell count, resulting in lower levels of serotype-specific maternal antibody transferred to infants, which could reduce vaccine protection against invasive GBS disease. A validated assay and correlate of protection is needed to understand the potential protective value of this vaccine. Funding Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics division (now part of the GlaxoSmithKline group of companies), Wellcome Trust UK, Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Heyderman
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases: a division of National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil French
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clare Cutland
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bagrey Ngwira
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Doris Kayambo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Robert Mboizi
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Anthonet Koen
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa Jose
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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He Y, Wang KY, Xiao D, Chen DF, Huang L, Liu T, Wang J, Geng Y, Wang EL, Yang Q. A recombinant truncated surface immunogenic protein (tSip) plus adjuvant FIA confers active protection against Group B streptococcus infection in tilapia. Vaccine 2014; 32:7025-7032. [PMID: 25446833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tilapia is an important agricultural fish that has been plagued by Group B streptococcus (GBS) infections in recent years, some of them severe. It is well-known that surface immunogenicity protein (Sip) is an effective vaccine against GBS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Since Sip was not expressed in either E. coli BL21 or E. coli Rosetta, we removed the N-terminal signal peptide and LysM of the virus to produce purified truncated Sip (tSip(1)), which multiplied easily in an E. coli host. The antibody's ability to recognize and combine with GBS was determined by Western-blot and specific staining in vitro. The relative percentage of survival (RPS), antibody titers, bacterial recovery, and pathologic morphology were monitored in vivo to evaluate the immune effects. Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) plus tSip and aluminum hydroxide gel (AH) plus tSip were also evaluated. RESULTS It revealed that tSip mixed with FIA was an effective vaccine against GBS in tilapia, while AH is toxic to tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Veterinary Medicine College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kai-Yu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Veterinary Medicine College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Dan Xiao
- Animal Health Research Institute of Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - De-Fang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science& Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Lingyuan Huang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Veterinary Medicine College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tianqiang Liu
- Animal Health Research Institute of Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Veterinary Medicine College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Veterinary Medicine College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Er-Long Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Veterinary Medicine College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, Veterinary Medicine College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
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Fan X, Wang X, Li N, Cui H, Hou B, Gao B, Cleary PP, Wang B. Sortase A induces Th17-mediated and antibody-independent immunity to heterologous serotypes of group A streptococci. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107638. [PMID: 25232948 PMCID: PMC4169422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococci (GAS) are associated with a variety of mucosal and invasive human infections. Recurrent infections by highly heterologous serotypes indicate that cross-serotype immunity is critical for prevention of GAS infections; however, mechanisms underlying serotype-independent protection are poorly understood. Here we report that intranasal vaccination of mice with Sortase A (SrtA), a conserved cell wall bound protein, reduced colonization of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) by heterologous serotypes of GAS. Vaccination significantly increased CD4+ IL-17A+ cells in NALT and depletion of IL-17A by neutralizing antibody prevented GAS clearance from NALT which was dependent on immunization with SrtA. Vaccination also induced high levels of SrtA-specific antibodies; however, immunized, B cell-deficient mice cleared streptococcal challenges as efficiently as wild type mice, indicating that the cross-serotype protection is Th17-biased and antibody-independent. Furthermore, efficient GAS clearance from NALT was associated with a rapid neutrophil influx into NALT of immunized mice. These results suggest that serotype independent immune protection against GAS mucosal infection can be achieved by intranasal vaccination with SrtA and enhanced neutrophil function is critical for anti-GAS defense and might be a target for prevention of GAS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Honglian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Paul Patrick Cleary
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Beinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Walker MJ, Barnett TC, McArthur JD, Cole JN, Gillen CM, Henningham A, Sriprakash KS, Sanderson-Smith ML, Nizet V. Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27:264-301. [PMID: 24696436 PMCID: PMC3993104 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00101-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus (GAS), causes mild human infections such as pharyngitis and impetigo and serious infections such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Furthermore, repeated GAS infections may trigger autoimmune diseases, including acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease. Combined, these diseases account for over half a million deaths per year globally. Genomic and molecular analyses have now characterized a large number of GAS virulence determinants, many of which exhibit overlap and redundancy in the processes of adhesion and colonization, innate immune resistance, and the capacity to facilitate tissue barrier degradation and spread within the human host. This improved understanding of the contribution of individual virulence determinants to the disease process has led to the formulation of models of GAS disease progression, which may lead to better treatment and intervention strategies. While GAS remains sensitive to all penicillins and cephalosporins, rising resistance to other antibiotics used in disease treatment is an increasing worldwide concern. Several GAS vaccine formulations that elicit protective immunity in animal models have shown promise in nonhuman primate and early-stage human trials. The development of a safe and efficacious commercial human vaccine for the prophylaxis of GAS disease remains a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy C. Barnett
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason D. McArthur
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason N. Cole
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christine M. Gillen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Henningham
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - K. S. Sriprakash
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina L. Sanderson-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus) is an important cause of disease in infants, pregnant women, the elderly and in immunosuppressed adults. An effective vaccine is likely to prevent the majority of infant disease (both early and late onset), as well as Group B streptococcus-related stillbirths and prematurity, to avoid the current real and theoretical limitations of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, and to be cost effective. The optimal time to administer such a vaccine would be in the third trimester of pregnancy. The main limitations on the production of a Group B streptococcus vaccine are not technical or scientific, but regulatory and legal. A number of candidates including capsular conjugate vaccines using traditional carrier proteins such as tetanus toxoid and mutant diphtheria toxin CRM197, as well as Group B streptococcus-specific proteins such as C5a peptidase, protein vaccines using one or more Group B streptococcus surface proteins and mucosal vaccines, have the potential to be successful vaccines. The capsular conjugate vaccines using tetanus and CRM197 carrier proteins are the most advanced candidates, having already completed Phase II human studies including use in the target population of pregnant women (tetanus toxoid conjugate), however, no definitive protein conjugates have yet been trialed. However, unless the regulatory environment is changed specifically to allow the development of a Group B streptococcus vaccine, it is unlikely that one will ever reach the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Heath
- Department of Child Health and Vaccine Institute, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
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Abstract
The antiphagocytic surface M protein of group A streptococcus has been widely studied as the major candidate antigen for a vaccine to prevent group A streptococcus infection. Approaches that have proven to be effective in animal models include the use of multi-epitope vaccines incorporating highly variable amino terminal serotypic determinants, those based on the carboxy terminal conserved region and combination vaccines incorporating both serotypic and conserved region determinants of the M protein. The use of lipid core peptide technology is at the forefront of this research in the quest to develop a broad-strain protective vaccine that can be delivered via the mucosal route, stimulating mucosal and systemic immunity. This review aims to cover the various strategies and technologies that have been investigated with regard to group A streptococcus vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Olive
- Co-operative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
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Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. Though there have been tremendous advances in prevention of invasive neonatal GBS disease through prophylactic antibiotic treatment of pregnant women, the incidence of neonatal disease has not changed significantly over the past several years. Vaccination of pregnant women is an important strategy that has the potential to improve further on existing protocols. In this review, we explore the history of the design of maternal GBS vaccines. We also discuss how recent applications of genomics and immunology to vaccine design promise to further enhance our ability to develop more effective vaccines against this important disease.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/immunology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/prevention & control
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Reproductive Tract Infections/microbiology
- Reproductive Tract Infections/transmission
- Streptococcal Infections/immunology
- Streptococcal Infections/microbiology
- Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Streptococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Streptococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Streptococcus agalactiae/immunology
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent L. Chen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fikri Y. Avci
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis L. Kasper
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shurygina APS, Leont'eva GF, Grabovskaia KB, Gupalova TV, Koroleva IV, Kramskaia TA, Kiselev OI, Egorov AI, Suvorov AN. [Intranasal co-administration of recombinant streptococcus group B polypeptides and influenza deltaNS1 vaccine]. Vopr Virusol 2013; 58:28-31. [PMID: 24006630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the immunoadjuvant properties of the influenza deltaNS1 vaccine virus after intranasal administration in combination with recombinant GBS polypeptides was tested in mice. According to our data, co-administration of recombinant GBS polypeptides and influenza deltaNS1 vaccine resulted in the increase in the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bacterial proteins. Combined vaccination with the GBS polypeptides and influenza deltaNS1 vaccine has a potential to be used not only for prophylaxis infections caused by SGB, but also for prevention of the bacterial complications of influenza.
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Abstract
Although the incidence of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease has decreased significantly in regions of the world where antibiotics are easily accessible, there remains a high incidence in developing nations as well as in certain regions where there is a high incidence of genetic susceptibility. These diseases are a function of poverty, low socioeconomic status, and barriers to healthcare access, and it is in the developing world that a comprehensive prevention program is most critically needed. Development of group A streptococcal vaccines has been under investigation since the 1960s and 50 years later, we still have no vaccine. Factors that contribute to this lack of success include a potential risk for developing vaccine-induced rheumatic heart disease, as well as difficulties in covering the many serological subtypes of M protein, a virulence factor found on the surface of the bacterium. Yet, development of a successful vaccine program for prevention of group A streptococcal infection still offers the best chance for eradication of rheumatic fever in the twenty-first century. Other useful approaches include continuation of primary and secondary prevention with antibiotics and implementation of health care policies that provide patients with easy access to antibiotics. Improved living conditions and better hygiene are also critical to the prevention of the spread of group A streptococcus, especially in impoverished regions of the world. The purpose of this article is to discuss current and recent developments in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Nemours/A.I. Dupont Children's Hospital, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
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Edmond KM, Kortsalioudaki C, Scott S, Schrag SJ, Zaidi AKM, Cousens S, Heath PT. Group B streptococcal disease in infants aged younger than 3 months: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2012; 379:547-56. [PMID: 22226047 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite widespread use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, group B streptococcus remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants in Europe, the Americas, and Australia. However, estimates of disease burden in many countries outside of these regions is not available. We aimed to examine the current global burden of invasive disease and the serotype distribution of group B streptococcus isolates. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, and Wholis databases for studies on invasive early-onset (day 0-6) and late-onset (day 7-89) group B streptococcal disease. Eligible studies were those that described incidence, deaths, or serotypes. We also reviewed reference lists and contacted experts to seek unpublished data and data missed by our search. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool data. FINDINGS 74 studies met the inclusion criteria; 56 studies reported incidence, 29 case fatality, and 19 serotype distribution. An additional search for studies that reported serotype distribution from Jan 1, 1980, yielded a total of 38 articles. Only five low-income countries were represented in the review and contributed 5% weight to the meta-analysis. 47 (69%) studies reported use of any intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Substantial heterogeneity existed between studies. Mean incidence of group B streptococcus in infants aged 0-89 days was 0·53 per 1000 livebirths (95% CI 0·44-0·62) and the mean case fatality ratio was 9·6% (95% CI 7·5-11·8). Incidence of early-onset group B streptococcus (0·43 per 1000 livebirths [95% CI 0·37-0·49]) and case fatality (12·1%, [6·2-18·3]) were two-times higher than late-onset disease. Serotype III (48·9%) was the most frequently identified serotype in all regions with available data followed by serotypes Ia (22·9%), Ib (7·0%), II (6·2%), and V (9·1%). Studies that reported use of any intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were associated with lower incidence of early-onset group B streptococcus (0·23 per 1000 livebirths [95% CI 0·13-0·59]) than studies in which patients did not use prophylaxis (0·75 per 1000 livebirths [0·58-0·89]). INTERPRETATION More high-quality studies are needed to accurately estimate the global burden of group B streptococcus, especially in low-income countries. A conjugate vaccine incorporating five serotypes (Ia, Ib, II, III, V) could prevent most global group B streptococcal disease. FUNDING Child Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG), WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Edmond
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Dekker CNT, Bouma A, Daemen AJJM, van Leengoed LAMG, Jonker FH, Wagenaar JA, Stegeman JA. Homologous whole bacterin vaccination is not able to reduce Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strain 7997 transmission among pigs or colonization. Vaccine 2011; 30:1379-87. [PMID: 22210137 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important porcine pathogen worldwide, and antibiotics are often applied to treat or prevent clinical signs. Vaccination could be an alternative measure to reduce the abundant use of antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination with homologues whole bacterin vaccine containing S. suis serotype 9 strain 7997 on transmission of this serotype among pigs and on mucosal colonization. Caesarean derived, colostrum deprived pigs (N=50) were housed pair wise. Thirteen pairs were vaccinated intramuscularly with 2-3×10(9) colony forming units (CFU) inactivated S. suis serotype 9 per dose and α-tocopherolactetaat as adjuvant at 3 and 5 weeks of age; twelve pairs served as non-vaccinated controls. At 7 weeks of age, one pig of each pair was intranasally inoculated with 1-2×10(9)CFU of the homologues strain, whereas the other pig of each pair was contact-exposed. Tonsil brushings and saliva swabs were collected for 4 weeks, and tested for the presence of S. suis by bacteriological culture. No differences in number of S. suis in the tonsils or saliva samples or in clinical signs were observed between vaccinated and control pigs. In all pairs, transmission between inoculated and contact exposed pigs occurred, and no difference was observed in rate at which this occurred. The estimated transmission rate parameter β between vaccinated pigs was β(v)=5.27/day, and for non-vaccinated pigs β(nv)=2.77/day (P=0.18). It was concluded that vaccination against S. suis serotype 9 did not reduce transmission, nor colonization and that there were no indications that protection against clinical signs was induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N T Dekker
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Guerino MT, Postol E, Demarchi LMF, Martins CO, Mundel LR, Kalil J, Guilherme L. HLA class II transgenic mice develop a safe and long lasting immune response against StreptInCor, an anti-group A streptococcus vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2011; 29:8250-6. [PMID: 21907752 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes infections remain a health problem in several countries because of post-streptococcal sequelae, such as rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. We developed a vaccine epitope (StreptInCor) composed of 55 amino acid residues of the C-terminal portion of the M protein that encompasses both T and B cell protective epitopes. Recently, by using human blood samples, we showed that the StreptInCor epitope is able to bind to different HLA class II molecules and that it could be considered a universal vaccine epitope. In the present work, we evaluated the immune response of HLA class II transgenic mice against aluminum hydroxide-absorbed StreptInCor. After a period of one year, several organs were analyzed histologically to verify the safety of the candidate vaccine epitope. Our results showed that StreptInCor is able to induce robust and safe and long lasting immune response without deleterious reactions in several organs. In conclusion, the results presented here indicate that StreptInCor could be considered a safe vaccine against severe streptococcus-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Schrag
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Danilova TA, Gorskaia IF, Lunin VG, Grabko VI, Sharapova NE, Nesterenko VG. [Immunization of mice by group A streptococci and its effect on bone marrow stromal cells and level of serum cytokines]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2010:52-57. [PMID: 21381378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess effect of continued immunization of mice from CBA line with inactivated group A streptococcal vaccine on levels of serum cytokines and number of stromal bone marrow progenitor cells in immunized mice and in heterotopic transplants after different variants of transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS CBA mice were immunized during 3 weeks with heat-killed vaccine prepared from group A streptococci type 5. Levels of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines were measured with BioPlex device. Number of stromal progenitor cells was determined on quantity of colonies formed by cells explanted to monolayer cultures. RESULTS Significant 2.3-fold increase of number of stromal progenitor cells in femoral bone marrow of immune mice was demonstrated. Experiments with heterotopic transplants showed that bone marrow in transplants of mice immunized with streptococci--variant Normal-->Immune (N-->1)-- is defective both on efficacy of cloning and number of stromal progenitor cells. Even short-term presence of stromal tissue in immune organism (variant I -->N) significantly changed these parameters, especially at late time after transplantation. In serum of immune mice changes of cytokines levels, especially TNFalpha, were observed. The level of the latter was decreased (mean--2.5-fold) in all immune serum samples compared to normal serum. CONCLUSION Immunization of mice with group A streptococci leads to changes in stromal tissue and, possibly, to damage of microenvironment functions including hemo- and lymphopoiesis.
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Locke JB, Vicknair MR, Ostland VE, Nizet V, Buchanan JT. Evaluation of Streptococcus iniae killed bacterin and live attenuated vaccines in hybrid striped bass through injection and bath immersion. Dis Aquat Organ 2010; 89:117-123. [PMID: 20402229 DOI: 10.3354/dao02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus iniae poses a serious threat to finfish aquaculture operations worldwide. Stringent regulatory standards limit the use of antibiotics to treat S. iniae infections; improved vaccination strategies are thus of great interest. We investigated the potential for efficient, non-injectable batch vaccination via the use of live attenuated vaccines. Three attenuated S. iniae strains with genetic mutations eliminating the production of virulence factors--capsular polysaccharide (delta cpsD), M-like protein (delta simA), and phosphoglucomutase (delta pgmA)--were evaluated in parallel with an adjuvanted, formalin-killed, whole-cell S. iniae bacterin. Juvenile hybrid striped bass (HSB; Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) were vaccinated through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or bath immersion and held for 800 degree-days prior to challenge with a lethal dose of the virulent wild-type (WT) S. iniae parent strain. The delta cpsD, delta pgmA, and bacterin vaccines provided the highest level of vaccination safety (0% mortality), whereas the delta simA mutant, although it caused 12 to 16% vaccination-related mortality, was the only vaccine candidate to provide 100% protection in both i.p. and immersion delivery models. Our studies demonstrate the efficacy of live attenuated vaccines for prevention of S. iniae infection, and identify immersion delivery of live vaccines as an attractive option for use in commercial aquaculture settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Locke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0687, La Jolla, California 92093-0687, USA
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Shimada T, Kondoh M, Motonaga C, Kitamura Y, Cheng L, Shi H, Enomoto T, Tsuruta D, Ishii M, Kobayashi H. Enhancement of anti-allergic effects mediated by the Kampo medicine Shoseiryuto (Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang in Chinese) with lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 in mice. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2010; 28:59-66. [PMID: 20527518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Kampo is a traditional Japanese medicine originating from ancient Chinese medicine which included the administration of herbal prescription, lifestyle advice and acupuncture. Orally administered Kampo prescriptions are believed to be influenced by diet and intestinal microbiota. However, reports on the Kampo administration effects are still limited. Shoseiryuto (TJ-19), which has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties, is a Kampo prescription used clinically for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma. We examined whether Shoseiryuto administration is affected by a probiotic product, lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 (LFK). BALB/c mice were sensitized with cedar pollen allergen, and the peritoneal accumulation of eosinophils was induced. During a sensitization period of 21 days, varying amounts of Shoseiryuto (and saline as a control) were administered to the mice. The accumulation of eosinophils was significantly reduced by 30 mg/day doses of Shoseiryuto but not by 3 or 9 mg/day doses. Similarly, 3 mg/day Shoseiryuto, 30 mg/day LFK, 3 mg/day of Shoseiryuto co-administered with 30 mg/day of LFK, and saline control were compared. A significant reduction in the accumulation of eosinophils was observed at 3 mg/day Shoseiryuto co-administered with 30 mg/day of LFK. These results suggest that Shoseiryuto-mediated anti-allergic effects are enhanced by the probiotic (LFK). Although not significant statistically, serum allergen-specific and total IgE levels in the treatment group exposed to the mixed agent (ie. Shoseiryuto and LFK) were generally lower than those receiving either one alone. The results indicate a synergistic effect of a Kampo medicine (Shoseiryuto, Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang in Chinese) and lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 on allergic responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimada
- Central Research Laboratories, Nichinichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Mie, Japan
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Suvorov AN, Grabovskaia KB, Leont'eva GF, Meringova LF, Koroleva IN, Duplik NV, Totolian AA. [Recombinant fragments of conservative proteins of group B streptococci as a basis of specific vaccine]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2010:44-50. [PMID: 20465000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study devoted to problem of using of recombinant fragments of group B streptococci (GBS) conservative proteins for induction of immune response against streptococcal infections. Two recombinant polypeptides (ScaAB and-ScpB1) corresponding to immunogenic epitopes of two surface GBS proteins ScaAB and C5a-peptidase, which are presented in other streptococcal species, were studied. The objective of the study was to assess specificity and protective activity of mentioned polypeptides against homologous and heterologous strains of pathogenic streptococci from different groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae were used in the study. Array of used methods included opsonophagocytic test as well as active and passive protection of experimental animals against streptococcal infection. RESULTS It was shown that antibodies specific to studied polypeptides opsonized several strains of group A and B streptococci as well as pneumococci. Immunization of mice with ScpB1 polypeptide resulted in more rapid recovery of animals from challenge systemic group B streptococcal infection. Antisera specific to both polypeptides provided passive protection of animals from infection caused either GBS or GAS. CONCLUSION Obtained data confirm the feasibility to use recombinant fragments of several GBS conservative proteins in vaccine for induction of protection against infections caused by different species of pathogenic streptococci.
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Guss B, Flock M, Frykberg L, Waller AS, Robinson C, Smith KC, Flock JI. Getting to grips with strangles: an effective multi-component recombinant vaccine for the protection of horses from Streptococcus equi infection. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000584. [PMID: 19763180 PMCID: PMC2736577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is a clonal, equine host-adapted pathogen of global importance that causes a suppurative lymphodendopathy of the head and neck, more commonly known as Strangles. The disease is highly prevalent, can be severe and is highly contagious. Antibiotic treatment is usually ineffective. Live attenuated vaccine strains of S. equi have shown adverse reactions and they suffer from a short duration of immunity. Thus, a safe and effective vaccine against S. equi is highly desirable. The bacterium shows only limited genetic diversity and an effective vaccine could confer broad protection to horses throughout the world. Welsh mountain ponies (n = 7) vaccinated with a combination of seven recombinant S. equi proteins were significantly protected from experimental infection by S. equi, resembling the spontaneous disease. Vaccinated horses had significantly reduced incidence of lymph node swelling (p = 0.0013) lymph node abscessation (p = 0.00001), fewer days of pyrexia (p = 0.0001), reduced pathology scoring (p = 0.005) and lower bacterial recovery from lymph nodes (p = 0.004) when compared with non-vaccinated horses (n = 7). Six of 7 vaccinated horses were protected whereas all 7 non-vaccinated became infected. The protective antigens consisted of five surface localized proteins and two IgG endopeptidases. A second vaccination trial (n = 7+7), in which the IgG endopeptidases were omitted, demonstrated only partial protection against S. equi, highlighting an important role for these vaccine components in establishing a protective immune response. S. equi shares >80% sequence identity with Streptococcus pyogenes. Several of the components utilized here have counterparts in S. pyogenes, suggesting that our findings have broader implications for the prevention of infection with this important human pathogen. This is one of only a few demonstrations of protection from streptococcal infection conferred by a recombinant multi-component subunit vaccine in a natural host. Numerous research groups have vaccinated, using recombinant antigens, against streptococcal infections in mouse model systems and shown protection. We have here demonstrated efficient protective vaccination of the natural host, the horse, using recombinant antigens. Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is an equine host-adapted and highly contagious pathogen of global importance. Six out of seven Welsh mountain ponies vaccinated with a combination of seven recombinant S. equi proteins were protected from experimental infection as assessed by clinical examination, pyrexia, lymph node swelling, inflammation, bacterial recovery, and post mortem examination. The protective antigens consisted of five surface localized proteins and two endopeptidases that are specific for IgG; the latter were shown to be of major importance for efficacy. Several of the antigens used here have similarities in Streptococcus pyogenes, implying that our findings are of importance for development of a vaccine against this important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Guss
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Flock
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cellbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Frykberg
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew S. Waller
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Robinson
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Ken C. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Jan-Ingmar Flock
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cellbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Ditina MA, Meringova LF, Leont'eva GF, Frabovskaia KB, Yang A, Shen Z, Suvorov AN. [Comparative study of experimental conjugated and combined vaccines against group B streptococci]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2009:37-41. [PMID: 19338234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenic properties of recombinant protein ScaAB mixed with polypeptide P6 as well as conjugate of the former with capsular polysaccharide type III (PSIII) were assessed. Protein-polysaccharide conjugate was synthesized by reductive amination method. Immunogenicity was studied on the mouse model using aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant. Antibody titers in antisera were measured by immunoenzyme assay. Functional activity of antibodies was evaluated by opsonophagocytic test. Immunization with ScaAB-PSIII conjugate resulted in increased immune response to both ScaAB and polysaccharide. Administration of ScaAB and P6 proteins mixture compared to their separated administration led to increased of antibody titer and prolonged circulation of specific antibodies. Injection of studied vaccines increased opsonizing activity of antisera compared to immunization with uncombined components.
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Grabovskaia KB, Leont'eva GF, Meringova LF, Vorob'eva EI, Suvorov AN, Totolian AA. [Protective properties of certain external proteins of group B streptococci]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2007:44-50. [PMID: 18038546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of genes, which control synthesis of externally localized proteins of group B streptococci (bac and scaAB), recombinant polypeptides P6 and ScaAB were obtained. Data on protective activity of these polypeptides during experimental infection of immunized mice as well as in opsonophagocytic test on cultivated peritoneal macrophages are presented. It has been shown that protective effect of specific antibodies to P6 was dependent from intensity of immune response. Titer of specific IgG to P6 equal 1:25000 was protective for mice during challenge with LD50. During sublethal challenge level of humoral immunity determined both rate of microorganism elimination and degree of decrease of concentration of streptococci in the spleen. Recombinant polypeptide ScaAB also had marked protective activity and protective titer ScaAB-specific IgG was significantly lower compared with the first polypeptide (1:1600). It has been established that both types of antibodies have opsonizing activity against different strains of group B streptococci. Opsonizing properties of antibodies to P6 were restricted to Bac protein-producing streptococci whereas specificity of antibodies to ScaAB was not restricted by type and group borders. Opsonization of both group B and group A streptococci was revealed. It has been established that protective efficacy mediated by antibodies was dependent not only from their opsonizing characteristics but also from availability of protein antigens, which under certain conditions can be shielded by capsular polysaccharide. It has been assumed that vaccine preparation developed on the basis of polypeptides P6 and ScaAB is promising for further research.
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