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Domnich A, Orsi A, Ogliastro M, Ferrari A, Bruzzone B, Panatto D, Icardi G. Influenza-like illness surveillance may underestimate the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus in adult outpatients. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 141:106968. [PMID: 38368926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), it is unclear which of the case definitions that prompt swab collection predicts RSV best. We aimed to profile RSV-positive adults and to identify possible RSV case definitions. METHODS This individual-based pooled analysis was based on influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance conducted among Italian outpatient adults. All samples were tested for influenza, RSV and other respiratory viruses. RESULTS RSV was detected in 5.2% of the 1240 ILI adults tested. The prevalence of fever/feverishness was significantly lower (83.3%) in individuals positive for RSV and those negative for both viruses (79.4%) than in influenza-positive subjects (96.2%). Conversely, 98.3% of RSV-positive adults reported cough. Compared with subjects who tested negative, the adjusted relative risk ratio of cough in RSV-positive subjects was much higher than in influenza-positive subjects (6.89 vs 2.79). Using ARI with cough as the RSV case definition increased specificity. CONCLUSION As fever/feverishness is more common among influenza than RSV cases, ILI-based surveillance may underestimate RSV incidence in adult outpatients. While broad ARI definitions are useful for routine RSV surveillance, their low specificity may hamper vaccine effectiveness studies. The use of further ARI qualifiers like cough increases specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Domnich
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Ogliastro
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Allegra Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bianca Bruzzone
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Donatella Panatto
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), Genoa, Italy
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2
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Schönborn L, Pavord S, Chen VMY, Pai M, Gwarzo DH, Buttery J, Munoz FM, Tran H, Greinacher A, Law B. Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) and vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT): Brighton Collaboration case definitions and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data. Vaccine 2024; 42:1799-1811. [PMID: 38302339 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This is a revision of the online November 2021 Brighton thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) case definition and a new Brighton Collaboration case definition for vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT). These case definitions are intended for use in clinical trials and post-licensure pharmacovigilance activities to facilitate safety data comparability across multiple settings. They are not intended to guide clinical management. The case definitions were developed by a group of subject matter and Brighton Collaboration process experts as part of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)-funded Safety Platform for Evaluation of vACcines (SPEAC). The case definitions, each with defined levels of diagnostic certainty, are based on relevant published evidence and expert consensus and are accompanied by specific guidelines for TTS and VITT data collection and analysis. The document underwent peer review by a reference group of vaccine safety stakeholders and haematology experts to ensure case definition useability, applicability and scientific integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Schönborn
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sue Pavord
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Vivien Mun Yee Chen
- Department of Haematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Concord, NSW, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia.
| | - Menaka Pai
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dalha Haliru Gwarzo
- Institution: Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Jim Buttery
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Huyen Tran
- Clinical Haematology Department, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Barbara Law
- SPEAC, Brighton Collaboration, Independent Consultant, Stratford, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Kochhar S, Assis DN, Mack C, Izurieta HS, Muratori L, Munoz A, Nordenberg D, Gidudu JF, Blau EF, Vierling JM. Autoimmune hepatitis: Brighton Collaboration case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data. Vaccine 2024; 42:1812-1825. [PMID: 38368225 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This report introduces a Brighton Collaboration (BC) case definition for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), which has been classified as a priority adverse event of special interest (AESI), as there were possible cases seen following COVID-19 vaccination. The case definition was developed by a group of subject matter and BC process experts to facilitate safety data comparability across pre- and post-licensure clinical trials, as well as pharmacovigilance activities in multiple settings with diverse resources and healthcare access. The usual BC case definition development process was followed in an expedited manner, and took two months to complete, including finalising the manuscript for publication, instead of the usual 1 year development time. It includes a systematic review of the literature and an expert consensus to define levels of diagnostic certainty for AIH, and provides specific guidelines for data collection and analysis. Histology, serological and biochemical tests and exclusion of alternate diagnosis were considered necessary to define the levels of certainty (definitive, probable and possible). AEFI reports of suspected AIH were independently classified by the WG members to test its useability and these classifications were used to finalise the case definition. The document underwent peer review by external AIH experts and a Reference Group of vaccine safety stakeholders in high-, low- and middle-income countries to ensure case definition useability, applicability, and scientific integrity. The expedited process can be replicated for development of other standardised case definitions for priority AESIs for endemics and epidemics. While applicable to cases reported following immunisation, the case definition is independent of lapsed time following vaccination and, as such, can also be used to determine background incidence for vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups in studies of causal association. While use of this case definition is also appropriate for the study of safety of other products including drugs, it is not meant to guide clinical case management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kochhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India.
| | - David N Assis
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Cara Mack
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | | | - Luigi Muratori
- DIMEC Università di Bologna and IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alma Munoz
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Dale Nordenberg
- Thriive, 250 - 25th Street, West Vancouver, BC V7V 4J1, USA.
| | - Jane F Gidudu
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Erin F Blau
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - John M Vierling
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
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4
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Pan D, Nishimura H, Tang JW. Information bias for case definitions and mortality between and within studies over time undermines our understanding of COVID-19 transmission and disease severity. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024:S1198-743X(24)00058-2. [PMID: 38341144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pan
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julian W Tang
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Guesdon B, Faruqi MI, Siddiqui MI, Usman G, Ariser KN, Shah R, Amin F, Masoud M, Tagar QD, Tonon B, Lesieur E, Memon KN. Mid-upper arm circumference only protocol in Pakistan: missed opportunities for children suffering from severe acute malnutrition? A mixed-methods observational study. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e31. [PMID: 38197153 PMCID: PMC10830331 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the missed treatment opportunities affecting programmes using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as the sole anthropometric criterion for identification and monitoring of children suffering from severe acute malnutrition (SAM). DESIGN Alongside MUAC, we assessed weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) in children screened and treated according to the national MUAC only protocol in Pakistan. Besides, we collected parents' perceptions regarding the treatment received by their children through qualitative interviews. SETTING Data were collected from October to December 2021 in Tando Allah Yar District, Sindh. SUBJECTS All children screened in the health facilities (n 8818) and all those discharged as recovered (n 686), throughout the district, contributed to the study. All children screened in the community in the catchment areas of five selected health facilities also contributed (n 8459). Parents of forty-one children randomly selected from these same facilities participated in the interviews. RESULTS Overall, 80·3 % of the SAM cases identified during community screening and 64·1 % of those identified in the health facilities presented a 'WHZ-only' diagnosis. These figures reached 93·9 % and 84·5 %, respectively, in children aged over 24 months. Among children treated for SAM and discharged as recovered, 25·3 % were still severely wasted according to WHZ. While parents positively appraised the treatment received by their children, they also recommended to extend eligibility to other malnourished children in their neighbourhood. CONCLUSION In this context, using MUAC as the sole anthropometric criterion for treatment decisions (referral, admission and discharge) resulted in a large number of missed opportunities for children in need of timely and adequate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Guesdon
- Action Contre la Faim – France, 102 rue de Paris, 93100Montreuil, France
| | - Meena Iqbal Faruqi
- Action Contre la Faim – France, 102 rue de Paris, 93100Montreuil, France
| | | | - Gulzar Usman
- Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | | | - Rafaina Shah
- Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Amin
- Action Against Hunger – Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Brigitte Tonon
- Action Contre la Faim – France, 102 rue de Paris, 93100Montreuil, France
| | - Elise Lesieur
- Action Contre la Faim – France, 102 rue de Paris, 93100Montreuil, France
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6
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Pham ANQ, Cummings M, Yuksel N, Sydora B, Williamson T, Garies S, Pilling R, Lindeman C, Ross S. Development and validation of a case definition for problematic menopause in primary care electronic medical records. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:202. [PMID: 37798700 PMCID: PMC10552357 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause is a normal transition in a woman's life. For some women, it is a stage without significant difficulties; for others, menopause symptoms can severely affect their quality of life. This study developed and validated a case definition for problematic menopause using Canadian primary care electronic medical records, which is an essential step in examining the condition and improving quality of care. METHODS We used data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network including billing and diagnostic codes, diagnostic free-text, problem list entries, medications, and referrals. These data formed the basis of an expert-reviewed reference standard data set and contained the features that were used to train a machine learning model based on classification and regression trees. An ad hoc feature importance measure coupled with recursive feature elimination and clustering were applied to reduce our initial 86,000 element feature set to a few tens of the most relevant features in the data, while class balancing was accomplished with random under- and over-sampling. The final case definition was generated from the tree-based machine learning model output combined with a feature importance algorithm. Two independent samples were used: one for training / testing the machine learning algorithm and the other for case definition validation. RESULTS We randomly selected 2,776 women aged 45-60 for this analysis and created a case definition, consisting of two occurrences within 24 months of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 627 (or any sub-codes) OR one occurrence of Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification code G03CA (or any sub-codes) within the patient chart, that was highly effective at detecting problematic menopause cases. This definition produced a sensitivity of 81.5% (95% CI: 76.3-85.9%), specificity of 93.5% (91.9-94.8%), positive predictive value of 73.8% (68.3-78.6%), and negative predictive value of 95.7% (94.4-96.8%). CONCLUSION Our case definition for problematic menopause demonstrated high validity metrics and so is expected to be useful for epidemiological study and surveillance. This case definition will enable future studies exploring the management of menopause in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Q Pham
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Michael Cummings
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nese Yuksel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Beate Sydora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tyler Williamson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stephanie Garies
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Russell Pilling
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Cliff Lindeman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sue Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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7
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Liu YC, Munoz FM, Izurieta HS, Tamborska AA, Solomon T, Law BJ, Chhabra N. Anosmia: Brighton Collaboration case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2023; 41:1902-10. [PMID: 36775774 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This is a Brighton Collaboration case definition of anosmia to be used in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization, and for epidemiologic studies for the assessment of background incidence or hypothesis testing. The case definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and defined levels of certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network and by two expert reviewers prior to submission.
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8
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Gold MS, Amarasinghe A, Greenhawt M, Kelso JM, Kochhar S, Yu-Hor Thong B, Top KA, Turner PJ, Worm M, Law B. Anaphylaxis: Revision of the Brighton collaboration case definition. Vaccine 2022; 41:2605-2614. [PMID: 36435707 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Brighton Collaboration (BC) has formulated a number of case definitions which have primarily been applied to adverse events of special interest in the context of vaccine safety surveillance. This is a revision of the 2007 BC case definition for anaphylaxis. Recently, the BC definition has been widely used for evaluating reports of suspected anaphylaxis following COVID-19 vaccination. This has led to debate about the performance of the BC definition in comparison with those from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) and the World Allergy Organization (WAO). BC convened an expert working group to revise the case definition based on their usual process of literature review and expert consensus. This manuscript presents the outcome of this process and proposes a revised case definition for anaphylaxis. Major and minor criteria have been re-evaluated with an emphasis on the reporting of observable clinical signs, rather than subjective symptoms, and a clearer approach to the ascertainment of levels of certainty is provided. The BC case definition has also been aligned with other contemporary and international case definitions for anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Gold
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John M Kelso
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego CA, USA
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Global Healthcare Consulting, India
| | - Bernard Yu-Hor Thong
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Karina A Top
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul J Turner
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Law
- SPEAC, Brighton Collaboration, Independent Consultant, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Gollamudi J, Sartain SE, Navaei AH, Aneja S, Kaur Dhawan P, Tran D, Joshi J, Gidudu J, Gollamudi J, Chiappini E, Varricchio F, Law B, Munoz FM. Thrombosis and thromboembolism: Brighton collaboration case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2022; 40:6431-6444. [PMID: 36150973 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This is a Brighton Collaboration case definition of thrombosis and thromboembolism to be used in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization, and for epidemiologic studies for the assessment of background incidence or hypothesis testing. The case definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and defined levels of certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network and by selected expert reviewers prior to submission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavi Gollamudi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah E Sartain
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amir Hassan Navaei
- Pediatric Critical Care, Transfusion Medicine & Coagulation, Pediatrics and Pathology & Immunology Departments, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite WB110, Houston 77021, TX, USA
| | - Satinder Aneja
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Gr Noida, India
| | | | - Dat Tran
- Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention Section, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- International Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Solutions (ICARS), Orestads Boulevard 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane Gidudu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Elena Chiappini
- Meyer University Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Law
- SPEAC, Brighton Collaboration, Independent Consultant, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Navar AM, Cosmatos I, Purinton S, Ramsey JL, Taylor RJ, Sobel RE, Barlow G, Dieck GS, Bulgrein ML, Peterson ED. Using EHR data to identify coronavirus infections in hospitalized patients: Impact of case definitions on disease surveillance. Int J Med Inform 2022; 166:104842. [PMID: 35988510 PMCID: PMC9359535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the number, characteristics, and outcomes of patients identified hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using two different case definitions. Procedures Electronic Health Record data were evaluated from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through May 2020 at 52 health systems across the United States. Characteristics of inpatients with positive laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2 were compared with those with clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 but without a confirmatory lab result. Findings Of 14,371 inpatients with COVID-19, 6623 (46.1 %) had a positive laboratory result, and n = 7748 (52.9 %) had only a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Compared with clinically diagnosed cases, those with laboratory-confirmed COVID were similar in age and sex, but differed by race, ethnicity, and insurance status. Laboratory-confirmed cases were more likely to receive certain COVID-19 therapies including hydroxychloroquine, anti-IL6 agents and antivirals (p < 0.001). Those with laboratory–confirmed COVID-19 had lower rates of most complications such as myocardial infarction, but higher overall mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusion We observed a two–fold difference in the number of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 depending on whether the case definition required laboratory confirmation. Variations in case definitions also led to differences in cohort characteristics, treatments, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Navar
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric D Peterson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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11
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Davis W, Duque J, Huang QS, Olson N, Grant CC, Newbern EC, Thompson M, Waite B, Prasad N, Trenholme A, Azziz-Baumgartner E. Sensitivity and specificity of surveillance case definitions in detection of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus among hospitalized patients, New Zealand, 2012-2016. J Infect 2022; 84:216-226. [PMID: 34953903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO is exploring the value of adding RSV testing to existing influenza surveillance systems to inform RSV control programs. We evaluate the usefulness of four commonly used influenza surveillance case-definitions for influenza and RSV surveillance. METHODS SHIVERS, a multi-institutional collaboration, conducted surveillance for influenza and RSV in four New Zealand hospitals. Nurses reviewed admission logs, enrolled patients with suspected acute respiratory infections (ARI), and obtained nasopharyngeal swabs for RT-PCR. We compared the performance characteristics for identifying laboratory-confirmed influenza and RSV severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), defined as persons admitted with measured or reported fever and cough within 10 days of illness, to three other case definitions: 1. reported fever and cough or shortness of breath, 2. cough and shortness of breath, or 3. cough. RESULTS During April-September 2012-2016, SHIVERS identified 16,055 admissions with ARI; of 6374 cases consented and tested for influenza or RSV, 5437 (85%) had SARI and 937 (15%) did not. SARI had the highest specificity in detecting influenza (40.6%) and RSV (40.8%) but the lowest sensitivity (influenza 78.8%, RSV 60.3%) among patients of all ages. Cough or shortness of breath had the highest sensitivity (influenza 99.3%, RSV 99.9%) but the lowest specificity (influenza 1.6%, RSV 1.9%). SARI sensitivity among children aged <3 months was 60.8% for influenza and 43.6% for RSV-both lower than in other age groups. CONCLUSIONS While SARI had the highest specificity, its sensitivity was limited, especially among children aged <3 months. Cough or shortness of breath was the most sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Davis
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jazmin Duque
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA; Battelle Atlanta, Atlanta, USA; The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Q Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Natalie Olson
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Cameron C Grant
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Claire Newbern
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Thompson
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ben Waite
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Namrata Prasad
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Adrian Trenholme
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Sexson Tejtel SK, Munoz FM, Al-Ammouri I, Savorgnan F, Guggilla RK, Khuri-Bulos N, Phillips L, Engler RJM. Myocarditis and pericarditis: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2022; 40:1499-1511. [PMID: 35105494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis and/or pericarditis (also known as myopericarditis) are inflammatory diseases involving the myocardium (with non-ischemic myocyte necrosis) and/or the pericardial sac. Myocarditis/pericarditis (MPC) may present with variable clinical signs, symptoms, etiologies and outcomes, including acute heart failure, sudden death, and chronic dilated cardiomyopathy. Possible undiagnosed and/or subclinical acute myocarditis, with undefined potential for delayed manifestations, presents further challenges for diagnosing an acute disease and may go undetected in the setting of infection as well as adverse drug/vaccine reactions. The most common causes of MPC are viral, with non-infectious, drug/vaccine associated hypersensitivity and/or autoimmune causes being less well defined and with potentially different inflammatory mechanisms and treatment responses. Potential cardiac adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) encompass a larger scope of diagnoses such as triggering or exacerbating ischemic cardiac events, cardiomyopathy with potential heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden death. The current published experience does not support a potential causal association with vaccines based on epidemiologic evidence of relative risk increases compared with background unvaccinated incidence. The only evidence supporting a possible causal association of MPC with a vaccine comes from case reports. Hypersensitivity MPC as a drug/vaccine induced cardiac adverse event has long been a concern for post-licensure safety surveillance, as well as safety data submission for licensure. Other cardiac adverse events, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, were also defined in the CDC definitions for adverse events after smallpox vaccination in 2006. In addition, several groups have attempted to develop and improve the definition and adjudication of post-vaccination cardiovascular events. We developed the current case definitions for myocarditis and pericarditis as an AEFI building on experience and lessons learnt, as well as a comprehensive literature review. Considerations of other etiologies and causal relationships are outside the scope of this document.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iyad Al-Ammouri
- Pediatric Cardiology, The University of Jordan. Amman, Jordan
| | - Fabio Savorgnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rama K Guggilla
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Najwa Khuri-Bulos
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vaccines, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lee Phillips
- Pharmaco-epidemiology, Cardiovascular Drug Safety, USA
| | - Renata J M Engler
- Allergy-Immunology-Immunizations, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA
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COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study. Infection 2021; 49:889-905. [PMID: 34170486 PMCID: PMC8231091 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. METHODS International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. RESULTS 'Typical' symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. INTERPRETATION This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men.
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Maher TM, Bendstrup E, Dron L, Langley J, Smith G, Khalid JM, Patel H, Kreuter M. Global incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2021; 22:197. [PMID: 34233665 PMCID: PMC8261998 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive debilitating lung disease with considerable morbidity. Heterogeneity in epidemiologic studies means the full impact of the disease is unclear. METHODS A targeted literature search for population-based, observational studies reporting incidence and/or prevalence of IPF from January 2009 to April 2020 was conducted. Identified studies were aggregated by country. For countries with multiple publications, a weighted average was determined. Incidence and prevalence data were adjusted for between-study differences where possible. The final model included adjusted estimates of incidence and prevalence per 10,000 of the population with 95% confidence intervals. As prevalence estimates vary depending on the definitions used, estimates were based on a specific case definition of IPF. RESULTS Overall, 22 studies covering 12 countries met the inclusion criteria, with 15 reporting incidence and 18 reporting prevalence estimates. The adjusted incidence estimates (per 10,000 of the population) ranged from 0.35 to 1.30 in Asia-Pacific countries, 0.09 to 0.49 in Europe, and 0.75 to 0.93 in North America. Unadjusted and adjusted incidence estimates were consistent. The adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 0.57 to 4.51 in Asia-Pacific countries, 0.33 to 2.51 in Europe, and 2.40 to 2.98 in North America. South Korea had the highest incidence and prevalence estimates. When prevalence estimates were compared to country-specific rare disease thresholds, IPF met the definition of a rare disease in all countries except South Korea. There were notable geographic gaps for IPF epidemiologic data. CONCLUSIONS Due to differences in study methodologies, there is worldwide variability in the reported incidence and prevalence of IPF. Based on the countries included in our analysis, we estimated the adjusted incidence and prevalence of IPF to be in the range of 0.09-1.30 and 0.33-4.51 per 10,000 persons, respectively. According to these prevalence estimates, IPF remains a rare disease. For consistency, future epidemiologic studies of IPF should take age, sex, smoking status, and the specificity of case definitions into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby M Maher
- Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Javaria Mona Khalid
- Evidence Generation and Epidemiology, Global Medical Affairs, Galapagos NV, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Haridarshan Patel
- Evidence Generation and Epidemiology, Global Medical Affairs, Galapagos NV, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Pinkeye and infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) are imprecise terms that describe diverse ocular diseases. Moraxella bovis is the major causative agent of IBK; however, disease epidemiology is not fully known. Not all cases referred to as pinkeye are of infectious origin, and not all IBK involve M bovis. This article suggests the term pinkeye should no longer be used, offers a case definition for IBK (a herd disease), and suggests describing ocular signs of IBK using existing clinical descriptors rather than resorting to novel scores. A new term "ocular moraxellosis" is defined as IBK from which Moraxella spp are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac Kneipp
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.
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Dubovyi A, Chelimo C, Schierding W, Bisyuk Y, Camargo CA, Grant CC. A systematic review of asthma case definitions in 67 birth cohort studies. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 37:89-98. [PMID: 32653466 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth cohort studies are a valuable source of information about potential risk factors for childhood asthma. To better understand similarities and variations in findings between birth cohort studies, the methodologies used to measure asthma require consideration. OBJECTIVE To review and appraise the definitions of "asthma" used in birth cohort studies. METHODS A literature search, conducted in December 2017 in the MEDLINE database and birth cohort repositories, identified 1721 citations published since 1990. Information extracted included: study name, year of publication, sample size, sample age, prevalence of asthma (%), study region, source of information about asthma, measured outcome, and asthma case definition. A meta-analysis evaluated whether asthma prevalence in cohorts from Europe and North America varied by the studies' definition of asthma and by their data sources. RESULTS The final review included 67 birth cohorts, of which 48 (72%) were from Europe, 14 (21%) from North America, 3 (5%) from Oceania, 1 (1%) from Asia and 1 (1%) from South America. We identified three measured outcomes: "asthma ever", "current asthma", and "asthma" without further specification. Definitions of "asthma ever" were primarily based upon an affirmative parental response to the question whether the child had ever been diagnosed with asthma by a physician. The most frequently used definition of "current asthma" was "asthma ever" and either asthma symptoms or asthma medications in the last 12 months. This definition of "current asthma" was used in 16 cohorts. There was no statistically significant difference in the pooled asthma prevalence in European and North American cohorts that used questionnaire alone versus other data sources to classify asthma. CONCLUSION There is substantial heterogeneity in childhood asthma definitions in birth cohort studies. Standardisation of asthma case definitions will improve the comparability and utility of future cohort studies and enable meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dubovyi
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carol Chelimo
- Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Yuriy Bisyuk
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Cameron C Grant
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child & Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; General Paediatrics, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Vogel TP, Top KA, Karatzios C, Hilmers DC, Tapia LI, Moceri P, Giovannini-Chami L, Wood N, Chandler RE, Klein NP, Schlaudecker EP, Poli MC, Muscal E, Munoz FM. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adults (MIS-C/A): Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine. 2021;. [PMID: 33640145 PMCID: PMC7904456 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is a Brighton Collaboration Case Definition of the term “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Adults (MIS-C/A)” to be utilized in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization. The case definition was developed by topic experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. The format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed, including an exhaustive review of the literature, to develop a consensus definition and defined levels of certainty. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network and by selected expert external reviewers prior to submission. The comments of the reviewers were taken into consideration and edits incorporated into this final manuscript.
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18
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Munoz FM, Cramer JP, Dekker CL, Dudley MZ, Graham BS, Gurwith M, Law B, Perlman S, Polack FP, Spergel JM, Van Braeckel E, Ward BJ, Didierlaurent AM, Lambert PH. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2021; 39:3053-3066. [PMID: 33637387 PMCID: PMC7901381 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This is a Brighton Collaboration Case Definition of the term “Vaccine Associated Enhanced Disease” to be utilized in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization. The Case Definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other emerging pathogens. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and defined levels of certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network and by selected Expert Reviewers prior to submission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor M Munoz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jakob P Cramer
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, CEPI, London, UK
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Z Dudley
- Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Marc Gurwith
- Safety Platform for Emergency Vaccines, Los Altos Hills, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Law
- Safety Platform for Emergency Vaccines, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Eva Van Braeckel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brian J Ward
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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van der Molen HF, Visser S, Alfonso JH, Curti S, Mattioli S, Rempel D, Roquelaure Y, Kuijer PPFM, Tamminga SJ. Diagnostic criteria for musculoskeletal disorders for use in occupational healthcare or research: a scoping review of consensus- and synthesised-based case definitions. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:169. [PMID: 33573616 PMCID: PMC7879660 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to identify case definitions of diagnostic criteria for specific musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) for use in occupational healthcare, surveillance or research. Methods A scoping review was performed in Medline and Web of Science from 2000 to 2020 by an international team of researchers and clinicians, using the Arksey and O’Malley framework to identify case definitions based on expert consensus or a synthesis of the literature. Seven MSDs were considered: non-specific low back pain (LBP), lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LRS), subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), lateral or medial elbow tendinopathy, and knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). Case definitions for occupational healthcare or research were charted according to symptoms, signs and instrumental assessment of signs, and if reported, on work-related exposure criteria. Results In total, 2404 studies were identified of which 39 were included. Fifteen studies (38%) reported on non-specific LBP, followed by knee OA (n = 8;21%) and CTS (n = 8;21%). For non-specific LBP, studies agreed in general on which symptoms (i.e., pain in lower back) and signs (i.e., absence of red flags) constituted a case definition while for the other MSDs considerable heterogeneity was found. Only two studies (5%), describing case definitions for LBP, CTS, and SAPS and lateral and medial elbow tendinopathy respectively, included work-related exposure criteria in their clinical assessment. Conclusion We found that studies on non-specific LBP agreed in general on which symptoms and signs constitute a case definition, while considerable heterogeneity was found for the other MSDs. For prevention of work-related MSDs, these MSD case definitions should preferably include work-related exposure criteria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04031-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk F van der Molen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Steven Visser
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jose Hernán Alfonso
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefania Curti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David Rempel
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - P Paul F M Kuijer
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sietske J Tamminga
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Serazin NA, Edem B, Williams SR, Ortiz JR, Kawade A, Das MK, Šubelj M, Edwards KM, Parida SK, Wartel TA, Munoz FM, Bastero P. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as an adverse event following immunization: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2021; 39:3028-3036. [PMID: 33583673 PMCID: PMC7843093 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This is a Brighton Collaboration Case Definition of the term “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS” to be utilized in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization. The Case Definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other emerging pathogens. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and defined levels of certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network and by selected Expert Reviewers prior to submission. The comments of the reviewers were taken into consideration and edits incorporated in this final manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Serazin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bassey Edem
- Department of Vaccines and Immunity, Medical Research Council the Gambia Unit at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Sarah R Williams
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin R Ortiz
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anand Kawade
- King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Vadu Rural Health Program Pune, India
| | | | - Maja Šubelj
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - T Anh Wartel
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Bastero
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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de Paula HHS, Martins AF, das Chagas RR, Moreira J, de Aguiar RS, da Cruz Lamas C, Cardozo SV. Chikungunya fever: How accurate is the clinical-epidemiological diagnosis compared to the gold standard of molecular and serological laboratory diagnosis? J Clin Virol 2020; 133:104679. [PMID: 33197755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of the current World Health Organization' (WHO) Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) clinical-epidemiological case definition against the gold standard of laboratory diagnosis. METHODS This was a prospective study of patients seeking medical care at an Emergency Department in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January to June 2018. Clinical features were recorded. Screening for CHIKF was performed using the RT-qPCR and ELISA-IgM antibody assay. Clinical features of CHIKF RT-qPCR/IgM positive cases were compared with those with other febrile illnesses. RESULTS 27,900 ED visits were recorded, of which 172 (0.61 %) patients were screened for arboviral illness. The prevalence of laboratory-confirmed CHIKF (Lab-CHIKF) was 110/172 [64 %]. Chikungunya virus RNA was detected in 92/172 (53.5 %) patients, while in 18/80 (10.5 %), only IgM was positive. Compared to CHIKV-negative subjects, patients with CHIKF presented much earlier after the onset of symptoms (2 [1-4] vs. 3.5 [2.5-5], p = 0.007), and more frequently reported arthritis (61.8 % vs. 33.9 %, p < 0.0001), arthralgia (96.4 % vs. 79 %, p < 0.0001), and conjunctivitis (35.5 % vs. 16.1 %, p = 0.007). After adjustments for other clinical predictors, arthritis/arthralgia [aOR: 6 (95 % CI 1.8-19.7)] and the presence of conjunctivitis [aOR: 2.85 (95 % CI 1.30-6.24] were positively associated with lab-CHIKF. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the WHO CHIKF clinical case definition was 96.3 %, 20.9 %, 68.3 % and 76.4 %, respectively, and accuracy was 0.69 [AUC: 0.69 (95 % CI 0.61-0.75)]. CONCLUSION The WHO case definition needs to be improved for better accuracy, especially in areas in epidemics in areas with co-circulation of arboviruses.
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Nikolai LA, Meyer CG, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP. Asymptomatic SARS Coronavirus 2 infection: Invisible yet invincible. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 100:112-116. [PMID: 32891737 PMCID: PMC7470698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While successful containment measures of COVID-19 in China and many European countries have led to flattened curves, case numbers are rising dramatically in other countries, with the emergence of a second wave expected. Asymptomatic individuals carrying SARS-CoV-2 are hidden drivers of the pandemic, and infectivity studies confirm the existence of transmission by asymptomatic individuals. The data addressed here show that characteristics of asymptomatic and presymptomatic infection are not identical. Younger age correlates strongly with asymptomatic and mild infections and children as hidden drivers. The estimated proportion of asymptomatic infections ranges from 18% to 81%. The current perception of asymptomatic infections does not provide clear guidance for public-health measures. Asymptomatic infections will be a key contributor in the spread of COVID-19. Asymptomatic cases should be reported in official COVID-19 statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A Nikolai
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambarene, Gabon
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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Villagomez AN, Muñoz FM, Peterson RL, Colbert AM, Gladstone M, MacDonald B, Wilson R, Fairlie L, Gerner GJ, Patterson J, Boghossian NS, Burton VJ, Cortés M, Katikaneni LD, Larson JCG, Angulo AS, Joshi J, Nesin M, Padula MA, Kochhar S, Connery AK. Neurodevelopmental delay: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2020; 37:7623-7641. [PMID: 31783983 PMCID: PMC6899448 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne N Villagomez
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Flor M Muñoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robin L Peterson
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alison M Colbert
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melissa Gladstone
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Wilson
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lee Fairlie
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gwendolyn J Gerner
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jackie Patterson
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nansi S Boghossian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Vera Joanna Burton
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer C G Larson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Abigail S Angulo
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Center for Disease Dynamics Economics & Policy, Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, India
| | - Mirjana Nesin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Padula
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, India; University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amy K Connery
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Gibertoni D, Voci C, Iommi M, D'Ercole B, Mandreoli M, Santoro A, Mancini E. Developing and validating an algorithm to identify incident chronic dialysis patients using administrative data. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:185. [PMID: 32782026 PMCID: PMC7422518 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administrative healthcare databases are widespread and are often standardized with regard to their content and data coding, thus they can be used also as data sources for surveillance and epidemiological research. Chronic dialysis requires patients to frequently access hospital and clinic services, causing a heavy burden to healthcare providers. This also means that these patients are routinely tracked on administrative databases, yet very few case definitions for their identification are currently available. The aim of this study was to develop two algorithms derived from administrative data for identifying incident chronic dialysis patients and test their validity compared to the reference standard of the regional dialysis registry. METHODS The algorithms are based on data retrieved from hospital discharge records (HDR) and ambulatory specialty visits (ASV) to identify incident chronic dialysis patients in an Italian region. Subjects are included if they have at least one event in the HDR or ASV databases based on the ICD9-CM dialysis-related diagnosis or procedure codes in the study period. Exclusion criteria comprise non-residents, prevalent cases, or patients undergoing temporary dialysis, and are evaluated only on ASV data by the first algorithm, on both ASV and HDR data by the second algorithm. We validated the algorithms against the Emilia-Romagna regional dialysis registry by searching for incident patients in 2014 and performed sensitivity analyses by modifying the criteria to define temporary dialysis. RESULTS Algorithm 1 identified 680 patients and algorithm 2 identified 676 initiating dialysis in 2014, compared to 625 patients included in the regional dialysis registry. Sensitivity for the two algorithms was respectively 90.8 and 88.4%, positive predictive value 84.0 and 82.0%, and percentage agreement was 77.4 and 74.1%. CONCLUSIONS Algorithms relying on retrieval of administrative records have high sensitivity and positive predictive value for the identification of incident chronic dialysis patients. Algorithm 1, which showed the higher accuracy and has a simpler case definition, can be used in place of regional dialysis registries when they are not present or sufficiently developed in a region, or to improve the accuracy and timeliness of existing registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Gibertoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Marica Iommi
- Advanced School for Health Policy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marcora Mandreoli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, S. Maria della Scaletta Hospital, Imola, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Specialty School in Nephrology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Mancini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Hypertension Unit, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease with unknown causes. From the perspectives on the etiology and pathophysiology, ME/CFS has been labeled differently, which influenced changes in case definitions and terminologies. This review sought to feature aspects of the history, developments, and differential symptoms in the case definitions. METHODS A search was conducted through PubMed published to February 2020 using the following search keywords: case definition AND chronic fatigue syndrome [MeSH Terms]. All reference lists of the included studies were checked. Of the included studies, the number of citations and the visibility in the literatures of the definitions were considered for comparisons of the criteria. RESULTS Since the first 'ME' case definition was developed in 1986, 25 case definitions/diagnostic criteria were created based on three conceptual factors (etiology, pathophysiology, and exclusionary disorders). These factors can be categorized into four categories (ME, ME/CFS, CFS, and SEID) and broadly characterized according to primary disorder (ME-viral, CFS-unknown, ME/CFS-inflammatory, SEID-multisystemic), compulsory symptoms (ME and ME/CFS-neuroinflammatory, CFS and SEID-fatigue and/or malaise), and required conditions (ME-infective agent, ME/CFS, CFS, SEID-symptoms associated with fatigue, e.g., duration of illness). ME and ME/CFS widely cover all symptom categories, while CFS mainly covers neurologic and neurocognitive symptoms. Fatigue, cognitive impairment, PEM, sleep disorder, and orthostatic intolerance were the overlapping symptoms of the 4 categories, which were included as SEID criteria. CONCLUSIONS This study comprehensively described the journey of the development of case definitions and compared the symptom criteria. This review provides broader insights and explanations to understand the complexity of ME/CFS for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Lim
- Institute of Bioscience and Integrative Medicine, Department of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience and Integrative Medicine, Department of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Carol Liu YC, Ibekwe T, Kelso JM, Klein NP, Shehu N, Steuerwald W, Aneja S, Dudley MZ, Garry R, Munoz FM. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as an adverse event following immunization (AEFI): Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2020; 38:4717-4731. [PMID: 32418788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This is a Brighton Collaboration case definition of the term "Sensorineural Hearing Loss" to be utilized in the evaluation of adverse events following immunization. The case definition was developed by a group of experts convened by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in the context of active development of vaccines for Lassa Fever and other emerging pathogens. The case definition format of the Brighton Collaboration was followed to develop a consensus definition and define levels of diagnostic certainty, after an exhaustive review of the literature and expert consultation. The document underwent peer review by the Brighton Collaboration Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Carol Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Titus Ibekwe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Abuja, Nigeria
| | - John M Kelso
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicola P Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Shehu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Jos University, Nigeria
| | - Wendy Steuerwald
- Department of Audiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Satinder Aneja
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Gr Noida, India
| | - Matthew Z Dudley
- Department of International Health, and Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Flor M Munoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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27
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Leclerc J, Lesage A, Rochette L, Huỳnh C, Pelletier É, Sampalis J. Prevalence of depressive, bipolar and adjustment disorders, in Quebec, Canada. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:54-59. [PMID: 31818796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mood disorders was estimated at 5.4% according to the latest Canadian survey. It has been suggested to use administrative data and self-reported data to optimize the estimation for mental health care in the population. Using administrative data, algorithms (combination of codes from the International Classification of Diseases) had been previously developed to identify the population with mood and anxiety disorders. However, the specific prevalence of each component of mood disorders (depressive, bipolar and adjustment disorders) are still unknown in Quebec, Canada. OBJECTIVE To 1) identify the population diagnosed respectively with depressive, bipolar and adjustment disorders in administrative data, and 2) provide annual prevalence estimates of each component. METHOD Data were extracted from the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System and the entire population of Quebec (2000-2017) was included in this study (8.3 million; 2017). The prevalence of depressive, bipolar and adjustment disorders were estimated using specific algorithms. RESULTS The annual prevalence of depressive disorders was 3.7% in 2000-2001; it decreased to 2.8% in 2016-2017. In comparison, the prevalence of bipolar disorders was 0.8% in 2000-2001, decreasing to 0.6% in 2016-2017, and the prevalence of adjustment disorders was 1.3% in 2000-2001 and increased to 1.6% in 2016-2017. CONCLUSION Using specific algorithms, we observed that the trend of adjustment disorders is increasing while trends of depressive and bipolar disorders are decreasing. Further studies should assess if the related burden of care respectively follows the same trends as policy makers' allocations of resources may need to be adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinthe Leclerc
- Bureau d'information et d'études en santé des populations, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Canada; Nursing department, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada.
| | - Alain Lesage
- Bureau d'information et d'études en santé des populations, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Louis Rochette
- Bureau d'information et d'études en santé des populations, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Huỳnh
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, Université de Montréal, Canada; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Institut universitaire sur les dépendances, Canada
| | - Éric Pelletier
- Bureau d'information et d'études en santé des populations, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Canada
| | - John Sampalis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Canada
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Louis ED. "Essential Tremor Plus": A Problematic Concept: Implications for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies of Essential Tremor. Neuroepidemiology 2020; 54:180-184. [PMID: 32023613 DOI: 10.1159/000502862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An issue of central importance for most neurological disorders is that of case definition. In the field of neuroepidemiology, case definition informs the design, conduct, and interpretation of research studies that range from observational to interventional studies, from case-control to cohort studies, and from descriptive to analytical studies. For essential tremor (ET), one of the most common neurological disorders, the issue of case definition is particularly important. Though traditionally viewed as a monochromatic disorder, recent years have seen an expansion of the clinical phenotype. In a recently proposed consensus statement on tremor, a proposal was made to separate from ET a new tentatively and uncertainly-defined entity characterized by the presence of additional neurological signs other than action tremor. This entity would be termed "ET-plus". The aims of this invited paper are to discuss the impact of the proposed nomenclature on studies of ET neuroepidemiology. SUMMARY The proposed term "ET-plus" is based solely on clinical features and even these are not clearly defined. It is not based on differences in underlying etiology (e.g., genes) or pathology. As such, it is not grounded in underlying biological differences. The use of the term would have numerous research implications. As detailed here, it would greatly complicate or make impossible studies of the descriptive epidemiology of ET, association studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials in ET. Key Messages: The proposed designation has the potential to be very problematic for studies of the epidemiology of tremor. This, along with this questionable validity of the proposed nomenclature, calls its use into serious question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan D Louis
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, .,Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, .,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,
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29
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Kachikis A, Eckert LO, Walker C, Bardají A, Varricchio F, Lipkind HS, Diouf K, Huang WT, Mataya R, Bittaye M, Cutland C, Boghossian NS, Mallett Moore T, McCall R, King J, Mundle S, Munoz FM, Rouse C, Gravett M, Katikaneni L, Ault K, Klein NP, Roberts DJ, Kochhar S, Chescheir N. Chorioamnionitis: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2019; 37:7610-7622. [PMID: 31783982 PMCID: PMC6891229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Azucena Bardají
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Khady Diouf
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ronald Mataya
- Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; University of Malawi College of Medicine, Malawi
| | - Mustapha Bittaye
- Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia; Medical Research Council - The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia; University of The Gambia School of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences, The Gambia
| | - Clare Cutland
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nansi S Boghossian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Rouse
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Ault
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nicola P Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Centre, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, India; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Rouse CE, Eckert LO, Muñoz FM, Stringer JSA, Kochhar S, Bartlett L, Sanicas M, Dudley DJ, Harper DM, Bittaye M, Meller L, Jehan F, Maltezou HC, Šubelj M, Bardaji A, Kachikis A, Beigi R, Gravett MG. Postpartum endometritis and infection following incomplete or complete abortion: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data. Vaccine 2019; 37:7585-7595. [PMID: 31783980 PMCID: PMC6891249 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C E Rouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - L O Eckert
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F M Muñoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J S A Stringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting; University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Bartlett
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Sanicas
- Sanofi Pasteur, Asia and JPAC Region, Singapore
| | - D J Dudley
- University of Virginia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - D M Harper
- University of Michigan, Departments of Family Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Bittaye
- Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital/University of The Gambia and Medical Research Council, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, USA
| | - L Meller
- Safety & Pharmacovigilance, Syneos Health, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - F Jehan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H C Maltezou
- Department for Interventions in Healthcare Facilities, Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | - M Šubelj
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Bardaji
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Kachikis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Beigi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M G Gravett
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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31
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Pellegrin S, Munoz FM, Padula M, Heath PT, Meller L, Top K, Wilmshurst J, Wiznitzer M, Das MK, Hahn CD, Kucuku M, Oleske J, Vinayan KP, Yozawitz E, Aneja S, Bhat N, Boylan G, Sesay S, Shrestha A, Soul JS, Tagbo B, Joshi J, Soe A, Maltezou HC, Gidudu J, Kochhar S, Pressler RM. Neonatal seizures: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2019; 37:7596-7609. [PMID: 31783981 PMCID: PMC6899436 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pellegrin
- Clinical Neuroscience, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Paul T Heath
- Vaccine Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Lee Meller
- Syneos Health, Safety & Pharmacovigilance, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Karina Top
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jo Wilmshurst
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Max Wiznitzer
- Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Cecil D Hahn
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Merita Kucuku
- National Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices, Tirana, Albania
| | - James Oleske
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Elissa Yozawitz
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Satinder Aneja
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Gr Noida, India
| | - Niranjan Bhat
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sanie Sesay
- Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | | | - Janet S Soul
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beckie Tagbo
- Institute of Child Health, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, New Delhi, India
| | - Aung Soe
- Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
| | - Helena C Maltezou
- Department for Interventions in Healthcare Facilities, Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | - Jane Gidudu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ronit M Pressler
- Clinical Neuroscience, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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van den Beld MJC, Warmelink E, Friedrich AW, Reubsaet FAG, Schipper M, de Boer RF, Notermans DW, Petrignani MWF, van Zanten E, Rossen JWA, Friesema IHM, Kooistra-Smid AMDM. Incidence, clinical implications and impact on public health of infections with Shigella spp. and entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC): results of a multicenter cross-sectional study in the Netherlands during 2016-2017. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1037. [PMID: 31818261 PMCID: PMC6902317 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shigella spp. and entero-invasive E. coli (EIEC) use the same invasive mechanism to cause diarrheal diseases. Public health regulations apply only to Shigella spp. infections, but are hampered by the lack of simple methods to distinguish them from EIEC. In the last decades, molecular methods for detecting Shigella spp. and EIEC were implemented in medical microbiological laboratories (MMLs). However, shigellosis cases identified with molecular techniques alone are not notifiable in most countries. Our study investigates the impact of EIEC versus Shigella spp. infections and molecular diagnosed shigellosis versus culture confirmed shigellosis for re-examination of the rationale for the current public health regulations. Methods In this multicenter cross-sectional study, fecal samples of patients suspected for gastro-enteritis, referred to 15 MMLs in the Netherlands, were screened by PCR for Shigella spp. or EIEC. Samples were cultured to discriminate between the two pathogens. We compared risk factors, symptoms, severity of disease, secondary infections and socio-economic consequences for (i) culture-confirmed Shigella spp. versus culture-confirmed EIEC cases (ii) culture positive versus PCR positive only shigellosis cases. Results In 2016–2017, 777 PCR positive fecal samples with patient data were included, 254 of these were culture-confirmed shigellosis cases and 32 were culture-confirmed EIEC cases. EIEC cases were more likely to report ingestion of contaminated food and were less likely to be men who have sex with men (MSM). Both pathogens were shown to cause serious disease although differences in specific symptoms were observed. Culture-negative but PCR positive cases were more likely report travel or ingestion of contaminated food and were less likely to be MSM than culture-positive cases. Culture-negative cases were more likely to suffer from multiple symptoms. No differences in degree of secondary infections were observed between Shigella spp. and EIEC, and culture-negative and culture-positive cases. Conclusions No convincing evidence was found to support the current guidelines that employs different measures based on species or detection method. Therefore, culture and molecular detection methods for Shigella spp. and EIEC should be considered equivalent for case definition and public health regulations regarding shigellosis. Differences were found regarding risks factors, indicating that different prevention strategies may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike J C van den Beld
- Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and laboratory Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Alexander W Friedrich
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans A G Reubsaet
- Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and laboratory Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Schipper
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Mathematical Modeling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Richard F de Boer
- Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan W Notermans
- Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and laboratory Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska W F Petrignani
- Public health service GGD Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,National Coordination Centre for Communicable Disease Control, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evert van Zanten
- Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - John W A Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid H M Friesema
- Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - A M D Mirjam Kooistra-Smid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Certe, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Seale AC, Baker CJ, Berkley JA, Madhi SA, Ordi J, Saha SK, Schrag SJ, Sobanjo-Ter Meulen A, Vekemans J. Vaccines for maternal immunization against Group B Streptococcus disease: WHO perspectives on case ascertainment and case definitions. Vaccine 2019; 37:4877-4885. [PMID: 31303524 PMCID: PMC6677922 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important cause of disease in young infants, stillbirths, pregnant and post-partum women. GBS vaccines for maternal immunization are in development aiming to reduce this burden. Standardisation of case definitions and ascertainment methodologies for GBS disease is needed to support future trials of maternal GBS vaccines. Considerations presented here may also serve to promote consistency in observational studies and surveillance, to better establish disease burden. The World Health Organization convened a working group to provide consensus guidance for case ascertainment and case definitions of GBS disease in stillbirths, infants, pregnant and post-partum women, with feedback sought from external stakeholders. In intervention studies, case capture and case ascertainment for GBS disease should be based on antenatal recruitment of women, with active follow-up, systematic clinical assessment, standardised sampling strategies and optimised laboratory methods. Confirmed cases of invasive GBS disease in stillbirths or infants should be included in a primary composite endpoint for vaccine efficacy studies, with GBS cultured from a usually sterile body site (may be post-mortem). For additional endpoints, or observational studies, confirmed cases of GBS sepsis in pregnant and post-partum women should be assessed. Culture independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) may detect additional presumed cases, however, the use of these diagnostics needs further evaluation. Efficacy of vaccination against maternal and neonatal GBS colonisation, and maternal GBS urinary tract infection could be included as additional, separate, endpoints and/or in observational studies. Whilst the focus here is on specific GBS disease outcomes, intervention studies also present an opportunity to establish the contribution of GBS across adverse perinatal outcomes, including all-cause stillbirth, preterm birth and neonatal encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Seale
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK; College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Carol J Baker
- Department of Pediatric, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James A Berkley
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, & Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaume Ordi
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute of Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samir K Saha
- Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephanie J Schrag
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Dakic Z, Duric P, Fabri M, O'May F. Validity of hepatitis B and hepatitis C case definitions. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:516-521. [PMID: 30772265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, an estimated 257 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection and an estimated 71 million people with the chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). The true public health dimensions and impact of hepatitis epidemics are poorly understood. Case definitions are fundamental parts of disease surveillance, representing sets of standardised criteria used to assess whether or not a person has a certain disease. The study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of hepatitis B and hepatitis C case definitions, current at the time of data collection, recommended by the European Commission (EC) and the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC). METHODS The study involved 150 hospital referrals with suspected cases of hepatitis from a Serbian clinic during 2014/2015. Case definitions of hepatitis B and C were tested for their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS EC 2008 and the CDC 2012 case definitions for acute hepatitis B, and the CDC 2012 case definition for probable case of chronic hepatitis B have low sensitivity. Case definitions which rely on laboratory confirmation only have maximal sensitivity. EC case definitions showed maximal sensitivity and specificity for hepatitis C confirmed cases. The CDC case definition for chronic hepatitis C showed low sensitivity (36.8%) and low negative predictive value (65.6%) for probable cases and maximal sensitivity and specificity for confirmed cases. Hepatitis C case definitions requiring presence of clinical criteria have low sensitivity and high specificity, resulting from presence of infection and absence of any clinical manifestation, but have high positive and negative predictive values. CONCLUSION Syndromic case definitions show low sensitivity and are of limited use. They highlight the importance of laboratory diagnostics (offering maximal sensitivity and specificity, and high positive and negative predictive values), as well as the need for universal case definitions, for confirmed cases only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Dakic
- Epidemiology Department, Primary Healthcare Centre Bijeljina, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Predrag Duric
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Milotka Fabri
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina/Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine/Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Fiona O'May
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Woerner A, Pourmalek F, Panozzo C, Pileggi G, Hudson M, Caric A, Abraham S, Varricchio F, Velasco C, Oleske J, Bauwens J, Bonhoeffer J. Acute aseptic arthritis: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data. Vaccine 2018; 37:384-391. [PMID: 30342899 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Woerner
- University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Catherine Panozzo
- Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gecilmara Pileggi
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine, University Federal of São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sonya Abraham
- Imperial National Institute of Health Research/Wellcome CRF, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cesar Velasco
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jan Bonhoeffer
- University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Brighton Collaboration Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
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Vinkeles Melchers NVS, Mollenkopf S, Colebunders R, Edlinger M, Coffeng LE, Irani J, Zola T, Siewe JN, de Vlas SJ, Winkler AS, Stolk WA. Burden of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy: first estimates and research priorities. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:101. [PMID: 30253788 PMCID: PMC6156959 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 1990s, evidence has accumulated of an increased prevalence of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas in Africa as compared to onchocerciasis-free areas. Although the causal relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy has yet to be proven, there is likely an association. Here we discuss the need for disease burden estimates of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE), provide them, detail how such estimates should be refined, and discuss the socioeconomic impact of OAE, including a cost-estimate for anti-epileptic drugs. MAIN BODY Providing OAE burden estimates may aid prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis- endemic areas by inciting and informing collaboration between onchocerciasis control programmes and mental health services. Epilepsy not only massively impacts the health of those affected, but it also carries a high socioeconomic burden for the households and communities involved. We used previously published geospatial estimates of onchocerciasis in Africa and a separately published logistic regression model quantifying the association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy to estimate the number of OAE cases. We then applied disability weights for epilepsy to quantify the burden in terms of years of life lived with disability (YLD) and estimate the cost of treatment. We estimate that in 2015 roughly 117 000 people were affected by OAE across onchocerciasis-endemic areas previously under the African Programme for Onchocerciases control (APOC) mandate where OAE has ever been reported or suspected, and another 264 000 persons in onchocerciasis-endemic areas where OAE has never been investigated before. The total number of YLDs due to OAE was 39 300 and 88 700 in these areas respectively, based on a weighted mean disability weight of 0.336. The burden of OAE is approximately 13% of the total YLDs attributable to onchocerciasis and 10% of total YLDs attributable to epilepsy. We estimated that by 2015 the total costs of treatment with anti-epileptic drug for OAE cases would have been a minimum of 12.4 million US$. CONCLUSIONS These estimates suggest a considerable health, social and economic burden of OAE in Africa. The treatment and care for people with epilepsy, especially in hyperendemic onchocerciasis areas with high epilepsy prevalence thus requires more financial and human resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie V S Vinkeles Melchers
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarah Mollenkopf
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | | | - Michael Edlinger
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Health Economics, Medical University Innsbruck, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luc E Coffeng
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Irani
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Trésor Zola
- Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Joseph N Siewe
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sake J de Vlas
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Centre for Global Health, Institute for Health and Society, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilma A Stolk
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sell E, Munoz FM, Soe A, Wiznitzer M, Heath PT, Clarke ED, Spiegel H, Sawlwin D, Šubelj M, Tikhonov I, Mohammad K, Kochhar S. Neonatal encephalopathy: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunisation safety data. Vaccine 2018; 35:6501-6505. [PMID: 29150055 PMCID: PMC5710979 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Sell
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Aung Soe
- Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Max Wiznitzer
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital in Cleveland, United States
| | - Paul T Heath
- St. Georges Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection & Immunity, St. Georges, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Hans Spiegel
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Kelly Government Solutions (KGS), Contractor to DAIDS/NIAID/NIH, Rockville, United States
| | - Daphne Sawlwin
- Therapeutic Area Lead, Vaccines, Safety Risk Management, Australian QPPVCSL Limited Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maja Šubelj
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Khorshid Mohammad
- University of Calgary, Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Foothills Medical Centre, Canada
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, Delhi, India; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Schlaudecker EP, Munoz FM, Bardají A, Boghossian NS, Khalil A, Mousa H, Nesin M, Nisar MI, Pool V, Spiegel HML, Tapia MD, Kochhar S, Black S; Brighton Collaboration Small for Gestational Age Working Group. Small for gestational age: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunisation safety data. Vaccine 2017; 35:6518-28. [PMID: 29150057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cutland CL, Lackritz EM, Mallett-Moore T, Bardají A, Chandrasekaran R, Lahariya C, Nisar MI, Tapia MD, Pathirana J, Kochhar S, Muñoz FM. Low birth weight: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data. Vaccine 2017; 35:6492-6500. [PMID: 29150054 PMCID: PMC5710991 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Cutland
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Eve M Lackritz
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Azucena Bardají
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Chandrakant Lahariya
- Department of Community Medicine, GR Medical College and Associated Hospitals, Gwalior, MP, India
| | - Muhammed Imran Nisar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Milagritos D Tapia
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development, MD, USA
| | - Jayani Pathirana
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, India; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flor M Muñoz
- Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Houston, TX, USA
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40
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Prabhu M, Eckert LO, Belfort M, Babarinsa I, Ananth CV, Silver RM, Stringer E, Meller L, King J, Hayman R, Kochhar S, Riley L. Antenatal bleeding: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2017; 35:6529-6537. [PMID: 29150058 PMCID: PMC5710989 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malavika Prabhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Linda O Eckert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isaac Babarinsa
- Sidra Medical and Research Center/Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar/Women's Hospital, Qatar
| | - Cande V Ananth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Physicians, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lee Meller
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Jay King
- SanofiPasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA
| | - Richard Hayman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gloucestershire Hospital, Gloucester, UK
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, India; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Sweet LR, Keech C, Klein NP, Marshall HS, Tagbo BN, Quine D, Kaur P, Tikhonov I, Nisar MI, Kochhar S, Muñoz FM. Respiratory distress in the neonate: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data. Vaccine 2017; 35:6506-6517. [PMID: 29150056 PMCID: PMC5710987 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl Keech
- Pharmaceutical Product Development, United States
| | | | - Helen S Marshall
- Women's and Children's Health Network and Robinson Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Beckie N Tagbo
- Institute of Child Health & Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
| | - David Quine
- Simpson's Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, India; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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DeSilva M, Munoz FM, Sell E, Marshall H, Tse Kawai A, Kachikis A, Heath P, Klein NP, Oleske JM, Jehan F, Spiegel H, Nesin M, Tagbo BN, Shrestha A, Cutland CL, Eckert LO, Kochhar S, Bardají A. Congenital microcephaly: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of safety data after maternal immunisation. Vaccine 2017; 35:6472-6482. [PMID: 29150052 PMCID: PMC5710988 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malini DeSilva
- Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, United States
| | | | - Erick Sell
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Health Network and Robinson Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison Tse Kawai
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Harvard Pilgrim Health, United States
| | - Alisa Kachikis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul Heath
- St. Georges Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection & Immunity, St. Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola P Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Centre, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - James M Oleske
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Hans Spiegel
- Kelly Government Solutions (KGS), Contractor to DAIDS/NIAID/NIH, Rockville, United States
| | - Mirjana Nesin
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, United States
| | - Beckie N Tagbo
- Institute of Child Health & Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Anju Shrestha
- Sanofi Pasteur, Global Pharmacovigilance, Sanofi Pasteur, United States
| | - Clare L Cutland
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda O Eckert
- St. Georges Vaccine Institute, Institute of Infection & Immunity, St. Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, Delhi, India; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Azucena Bardají
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Rouse CE, Eckert LO, Babarinsa I, Fay E, Gupta M, Harrison MS, Kawai AT, Kharbanda EO, Kucuku M, Meller L, Mallett Moore T, Subelj M, Kochhar S, Tavares-Da-Silva F. Spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data. Vaccine 2017; 35:6563-6574. [PMID: 29150062 PMCID: PMC5714431 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isaac Babarinsa
- Sidra Medical and Research Center/Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar/Women's Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Emily Fay
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Alison Tse Kawai
- Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Merita Kucuku
- Department of Vaccines Control, National Agency for Medicines & Medical Devices, Albania
| | | | | | - Maja Subelj
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, India; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Boatin AA, Eckert LO, Boulvain M, Grotegut C, Fisher BM, King J, Berg M, Adanu RMK, Reddy U, Waugh JJS, Gupta M, Kochhar S, Kenyon S. Dysfunctional labor: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2017; 35:6538-6545. [PMID: 29150059 PMCID: PMC5710983 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeline A Boatin
- Department of OB/GYN, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | | | | | - Chad Grotegut
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Duke University, USA
| | - Barbra M Fisher
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, Northwest Perinatal Centre, Women's Healthcare Associates, LLC, Portland, USA
| | | | - Marie Berg
- Institute of Health Care Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Uma Reddy
- Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Jason J S Waugh
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, India; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Kenyon
- Reader in Evidence Based Maternity Care, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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45
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Ross E, Munoz FM, Edem B, Nan C, Jehan F, Quinn J, Mallett Moore T, Sesay S, Spiegel H, Fortuna L, Kochhar S, Buttery J. Failure to thrive: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunisation safety data. Vaccine 2017; 35:6483-6491. [PMID: 29150053 PMCID: PMC5714432 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ross
- Monash University, Department of Paediatrics, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Baylor College of Medicine, Departments of Paediatrics, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bassey Edem
- Vaccinology and Pharmaceutical Clinical Development, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Fyezah Jehan
- Aga Khan University, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Pakistan
| | - Julie Quinn
- Monash Children's Hospital, Infection and Immunity, Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute, Monash University, SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Hans Spiegel
- Kelly Government Solutions (KGS), Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Sonali Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting, India; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Buttery
- Monash University, Department of Paediatrics, Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Monash Health; SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Katz MA, Marangu D, Attia EF, Bauwens J, Bont LJ, Bulatovic A, Crane J, Doroshenko A, Ebruke BE, Edwards KM, Fortuna L, Jagelaviciene A, Joshi J, Kemp J, Kovacs S, Lambach P, Lewis KDC, Ortiz JR, Simões EAF, Turner P, Tagbo BN, Vaishnavi V, Bonhoeffer J. Acute wheeze in the pediatric population: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2017; 37:392-399. [PMID: 28483201 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Katz
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Bersheva, Israel; University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Louis J Bont
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jyoti Joshi
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - James Kemp
- University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric A F Simões
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA; Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, USA; Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Paul Turner
- Imperial College London, UK; Public Health England, Colindale, UK
| | | | | | - Jan Bonhoeffer
- Brighton Collaboration Foundation, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
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Woerner A, Rudin C, Bonetto C, Santuccio C, Ozen S, Wise RP, Chandler R, Bonhoeffer J; Brighton Collaboration lgA Vasclitis (Henoch–Schönlein) Working Group. IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein): Case definition andguidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data. Vaccine 2017; 35:1559-66. [PMID: 28034474 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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DeSilva M, Munoz FM, Mcmillan M, Kawai AT, Marshall H, Macartney KK, Joshi J, Oneko M, Rose AE, Dolk H, Trotta F, Spiegel H, Tomczyk S, Shrestha A, Kochhar S, Kharbanda EO. Congenital anomalies: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2016; 34:6015-6026. [PMID: 27435386 PMCID: PMC5139892 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark Mcmillan
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Australia; Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison Tse Kawai
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Harvard Pilgrim Health, United States
| | - Helen Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kristine K Macartney
- National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance (NCIRS), Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Immunization Technical Support Unit, Public Health Foundation of India, India
| | | | | | - Helen Dolk
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Ufficio di Farmacovigilanza, Agenxia Italiana del Farmaco, Italy
| | | | - Sylvie Tomczyk
- Novartis influenza vaccines, Cambridge, MA, United States
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49
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Pathirana J, Muñoz FM, Abbing-Karahagopian V, Bhat N, Harris T, Kapoor A, Keene DL, Mangili A, Padula MA, Pande SL, Pool V, Pourmalek F, Varricchio F, Kochhar S, Cutland CL. Neonatal death: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2016; 34:6027-6037. [PMID: 27449077 PMCID: PMC5139812 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
More than 40% of all deaths in children under 5 years of age occur during the neonatal period: the first month of life. Immunization of pregnant women has proven beneficial to both mother and infant by decreasing morbidity and mortality. With an increasing number of immunization trials being conducted in pregnant women, as well as roll-out of recommended vaccines to pregnant women, there is a need to clarify details of a neonatal death. This manuscript defines levels of certainty of a neonatal death, related to the viability of the neonate, who confirmed the death, and the timing of the death during the neonatal period and in relation to immunization of the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayani Pathirana
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Flor M Muñoz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Niranjan Bhat
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Seattle, USA
| | - Tara Harris
- Immunization and Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Public Health Ontario, Canada
| | - Ambujam Kapoor
- Immunization Technical Support Unit - Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Daniel L Keene
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael A Padula
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen L Pande
- Ministry of Health Uganda, Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
| | | | - Farshad Pourmalek
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Clare L Cutland
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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50
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Quinn JA, Munoz FM, Gonik B, Frau L, Cutland C, Mallett-Moore T, Kissou A, Wittke F, Das M, Nunes T, Pye S, Watson W, Ramos AMA, Cordero JF, Huang WT, Kochhar S, Buttery J. Preterm birth: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data. Vaccine 2016; 34:6047-6056. [PMID: 27743648 PMCID: PMC5139808 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is commonly defined as any birth before 37 weeks completed weeks of gestation. An estimated 15 million infants are born preterm globally, disproportionately affecting low and middle income countries (LMIC). It contributes directly to estimated one million neonatal deaths annually and is a significant contributor to childhood morbidity. However, in many clinical settings, the information available to calculate completed weeks of gestation varies widely. Accurate dating of the last menstrual period (LMP), as well as access to clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation are important components of gestational age assessment antenatally. This case definition assign levels of confidence to categorisation of births as preterm, utilising assessment modalities which may be available across different settings. These are designed to enable systematic safety evaluation of vaccine clinical trials and post-implementation programmes of immunisations in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Anne Quinn
- SAEFVIC, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute, Monash University, Australia
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bernard Gonik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Clare Cutland
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Aimee Kissou
- Department of Pediatrics, Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Savia Pye
- Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Jose F Cordero
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Jim Buttery
- SAEFVIC, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute, Monash University, Australia.
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