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Cai XS, Jiang H, Xiao J, Yan X, Xie P, Yu W, Lv WF, Wang J, Meng X, Chen CZ, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Yuan B, Zhang JB. Changes in bacterial community composition in the uterus of Holstein cow with endometritis before and after treatment with oxytetracycline. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9511. [PMID: 38664449 PMCID: PMC11045718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to study the bacteria that cause endometritis to identify effective therapeutic drugs for dairy cows. In this study, 20% oxytetracycline was used to treat Holstein cows (n = 6) with severe endometritis. Additional 10 Holstein cows (5 for healthy cows, 5 for cows with mild endometritis) were also selected. At the same time, changes in bacterial communities were monitored by high-throughput sequencing. The results show that Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and other common pathogenic bacteria could be detected by traditional methods in cows both with and without endometritis. However, 16S sequencing results show that changes in the abundance of these bacteria were not significant. Endometritis is often caused by mixed infections in the uterus. Oxytetracycline did not completely remove existing bacteria. However, oxytetracycline could effectively inhibit endometritis and had a significant inhibitory effect on the genera Bacteroides, Trueperella, Peptoniphilus, Parvimonas, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium but had no significant inhibitory effect on the bacterial genera Marinospirillum, Erysipelothrix, and Enteractinococcus. During oxytetracycline treatment, the cell motility, endocrine system, exogenous system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of terpenoids, polyketides, cofactors and vitamins, signal transduction, and transport and catabolism pathways were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shi Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
- College of Animal Husbandry Engineering, Henan Vocational College of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiangmin Yan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Penggui Xie
- Yili Vocational and Technical College, Yili, 835000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wen-Fa Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Animal Husbandry Development Service Center of Tongyu County, Baicheng, 137200, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng-Zhen Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry, Urumqi, 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
- , Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
- , Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
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Donato GG, Nebbia P, Stella MC, Scalas D, Necchi D, Bertero A, Romano G, Bergamini L, Poletto ML, Peano A, Robino P, Nervo T. In vitro effects of different ozone preparations on microorganisms responsible for endometritis in the mare. Theriogenology 2024; 219:132-137. [PMID: 38430797 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Infectious endometritis is considered one of the major causes of infertility and it can affect up to 60% of barren mares. It is characterized by the presence of one or more microorganisms in the reproductive tract and it is treated with the administration of antibiotics, ecbolic agents and uterine lavages. Ozone, thanks to its antimicrobial properties that are based on its high oxidative potential, could represent an effective alternative treatment for endometritis. The aim of this study was to test in vitro the bactericidal and fungicidal properties of different ozone formulations, either as gas (experiment 1) or dissolved in two liquid matrices (experiment 2), specifically distilled water or oil (Neozone 4000, Cosmoproject, Parma, Italy), onto 6 different species of microorganisms isolated from mares with clinical endometritis, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. In the first experiment, 3 clinical antibiotic-resistant strains per each species were exposed to different conditions: to O2O3 gas mixtures (15 and 40 μg/ml for 1, 3 and 5 min), to 100 % O2 or left untreated. The results showed a reduction of the microbial count of over 99,9% for every pathogen, time and concentration of O2O3 gas mixtures tested. Furthermore, gaseous ozone showed both a time-dependant effect (5 vs 3 vs 1 min of exposure) and a concentration-dependant effect (40 vs 15 μg/ml) at 1 and 3 min, while after 5 min no differences were observed. In the second experiment, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC, MFC) of ozonated distilled water and ozonated oil were evaluated. Ozonated oil showed a bactericidal/fungicidal activity against all the strains tested (MIC range 12.5-25 % v/v, MBC/MFC range 12.5-50 % v/v) while ozonated distilled water didn't show an observable antimicrobial effect, discouraging its use as an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of endometritis. The results of this in vitro study indicate that both gaseous ozone and ozonated oil exerted remarkable antimicrobial activities and are promising alternative treatments for infectious endometritis, even when caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and encourage further experiments in an effort to scale down or even prevent the use of antibiotics in equine reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Guido Donato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Stella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Daniela Scalas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Denis Necchi
- Keros Embryo Transfer Center, Westrozebekestraat 23A, 8980, Passendale, Belgium
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Centro Equino Arcadia, Frazione Mottura 106, 10068, Villafranca Piemonte, Italy
| | - Lara Bergamini
- Allevamento Le Fontanette, Via Fontanette 12, 10067, Vigone, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Lucia Poletto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Peano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nervo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
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Sanchez L, Campos-Chillon F, Sargolzaei M, Peterson DG, Sprayberry KA, McArthur G, Anderson P, Golden B, Pokharel S, Abo-Ismail MK. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with the Development of the Metritis Complex in Dairy Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:439. [PMID: 38674374 PMCID: PMC11049392 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metritis complex (MC), a group of post-partum uterine diseases, is associated with increased treatment costs and reduced milk yield and fertility. The goal of this study was to identify genetic variants, genes, or genomic regions that modulate MC disease. A genome-wide association study was performed using a single-locus mixed linear model of 1967 genotypes (624,460 SNPs) and metritis complex records. Then, in-silico functional analyses were performed to detect biological mechanisms and pathways associated with the development of MC. The ATP8A2, COX16, AMN, and TRAF3 genes, located on chromosomes 12, 10, and 21, were associated with MC at p ≤ 0.0001. These genes are involved in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the stromal tissue of the uterus, which can be directly associated with the mode of transmission for pathogens causing the metritis complex. The modulation of cholesterol abundance alters the efficiency of virulence factors and may affect the susceptibility of the host to infection. The SIPA1L1, DEPDC5, and RNF122 genes were also significantly associated with MC at p ≤ 0.0001 and are involved in the PI3k-Akt pathway, responsible for activating the autophagic processes. Thus, the dysregulation of these genes allows for unhindered bacterial invasion, replication, and survival within the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna Sanchez
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Fernando Campos-Chillon
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Select Sires Inc., 11740 US-42, Plain City, OH 43064, USA;
- Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniel G. Peterson
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Kim A. Sprayberry
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Garry McArthur
- Swinging Udders Veterinary Services, 8418 Liberty Rd, Galt, CA 95632, USA;
| | - Paul Anderson
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
| | | | - Siroj Pokharel
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Mohammed K. Abo-Ismail
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
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Li Z, Teng Y, Feng S, Hu Z, Zhao J, Ding H, Fang Y, Liu H, Ma X, Guo J, Wang J, Lv W. Microbial responses and changes in metabolic products in bovine uteri infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130039. [PMID: 38354917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the uterine microbiota has an important role in the pathogenesis of endometritis, with invasion of pathogenic bacteria being a main cause of uterine microbial imbalance. However, mechanisms of uterine microbiota resistance to pathogen invasion remain unclear. In this study, an intrauterine infusion of Staphylococcus aureus was used as a bovine endometritis model; it significantly increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus, Helccoccus, Fusobacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella) and significantly decreased abundance of probiotics (Allstipes, Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Romboutsia, and Prevotella). In addition, the metabolite aloe-emodin was positively correlated with Prevotella and based on combined analyses of omics and probiotics, the presence of its metabolite aloe-emodin in the uterus at least partially resisted Staphylococcus aureus invasion. Therefore, Aloe-emodin has potential for regulating microbial structure and preventing endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yunkun Teng
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhuoqun Hu
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - He Ding
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Wenfa Lv
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Mekibib B, Belachew M, Asrade B, Badada G, Abebe R. Incidence of uterine infections, major bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in postpartum dairy cows in southern Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 38172685 PMCID: PMC10763139 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine infections, primarily caused by bacterial pathogens, pose a significant problem for dairy farmers worldwide, leading to poor reproductive performance and economic losses. However, the bacteria responsible for uterine infections have not been adequately studied, nor has the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria been frequently tested in Ethiopia. This study aims to estimate the cumulative incidence of uterine infections in postpartum dairy cows, identify bacterial causes and determine antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolated bacteria. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted in which 236 cows from 74 dairy farms were monitored biweekly from calving to 90 days postpartum for metritis, endometritis and other disorders. Aseptic uterine swab samples were collected from 40 cows with uterine infections. The samples were cultured, and the isolated bacteria were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. RESULTS Out of 236 cows monitored during the postpartum phase, 45 (19.1%) were found to have contracted uterine infection. The cumulative incidence of metritis was 11.4% (n = 27), while the cumulative incidence of endometritis was 7.6% (n = 18). Of the 40 cultured swab samples, 29 (72.5%) had one or more bacteria isolated. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (45%), coagulase-positive staphylococci (30%), and Klebsiella spp. (22.5%). Other bacterial spp, including Arcanobacterium pyogenes (12.5%), Fusobacterium spp. (12.5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (12.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (12.5%), Streptococcus spp. (7.5%), Salmonella spp, (5%) Proteus spp (5%) and Pasteurella spp (2.5%) were also isolated. All of the isolated bacteria demonstrated resistance to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. Multidrug resistance was observed in E. coli, Klebsiella spp., A. pyogenes, and Fusobacterium spp. Gentamicin was found to be the most effective antimicrobial against all bacteria tested, while tetracycline was the least effective of all. CONCLUSION The study found that a significant proportion of cows in the population were affected by uterine infections and the isolated bacteria developed resistance to several antimicrobials. The study emphasizes the need for responsible use of antimicrobials to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. It also highlights the importance of raising awareness among dairy farmers to avoid the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Mekibib
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Belachew
- Dunna District Agriculture Office, Hadiya Zone, Central Ethiopia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Biruhtesfa Asrade
- Collegeof Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Badada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, P.O.Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Rahmeto Abebe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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Salmanov AG, Shchedrov AO, Prishchepa AP, Artyomenko V, Korniyenko SM, Rud VO, Kolesnik AV. Postpartum infections and antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens in Ukraine: results a multicenter study (2020-2022). Wiad Lek 2024; 77:375-382. [PMID: 38691775 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202403101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To determine the current prevalence of postpartum infections and antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens in Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: Multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022 in fifteen hospitals from twelve regions of Ukraine. Definitions of healthcare- associated postpartum infection were adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by the disc diffusion test as recommended by EUCAST. RESULTS Results: Among 21,968 women, 6,175 (28.1%) postpartum infections were observed. Of all postpartum infection cases, 83.1% were detected after hospital discharge. The postpartum infection rates were 17.3% after cesarean section and 10.8% after vaginal delivery. The most common postpartum infection types were endometritis (17.3%), followed by urinary tract Infection (3.5%), mastitis (3.4%), surgical site infection (excluding endometritis) (2.4%), and episiotomy site infection (1.5%). The predominant postpartum infection pathogens in Ukraine were: Escherichia coli (10.4%), Enterococcus spp. (9.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.8%), Enterobacter spp. (5.8%). In our study pathogens of postpartum infection had differently levels of resistance to antibiotics. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Our results indicate that postpartum infections requiring medical attention are common in Ukraine and that most postpartum infections occur after hospital discharge, so that use of routine inpatient surveillance methods alone will lead to underestimation of postpartum infection rates. Optimizing the antibiotic prophylaxis may reduce the burden of postpartum infection, but prevention is the key element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidyn G Salmanov
- SHUPYK NATIONAL HEALTHCARE UNIVERSITY OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE; INSTITUTE OF PEDIATRICS, OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE, KYIV, UKRAINE
| | - Andrii O Shchedrov
- SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF V. N. KARAZIN KHARKIV NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KHARKIV, UKRAINE
| | | | | | | | - Victor O Rud
- NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE
| | - Anna V Kolesnik
- LUTSK ACADEMY OF RECREATION TECHNOLOGIES AND LAW, LUTSK, UKRAINE
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Amin YA, Abdelaziz SG, Said AH. Treatment of postpartum endometritis induced by multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in dairy cattle by green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and in vivo evaluation of its broad spectrum antimicrobial activity in cow uteri. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105074. [PMID: 37948844 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum endometritis significantly affects the health and productivity of cattle, causing significant economic loss that is speculated to exceed billions of dollars annually. Treatment of postpartum endometritis, which is linked to various bacterial infections in the uterus after delivery and has an alarmingly high risk of antibiotic treatment failure for unidentified reasons, represents a great challenge. Several studies have demonstrated that various disease complications, such as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, prolonged infection treatment, and increased mortality risk, have emerged as a result of the extensive use of antibiotics to treat uterine infections and other microbial-related diseases. Recent research has led to the development of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) that exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy against bacterial pathogens, including MDR bacteria, without producing mutants that are resistant to zinc oxide (ZnO). In the present work, we biologically synthesized ZnO NPs from a green natural source of Helianthus annuus seeds for the treatment of endometritis caused by MDR bacterial strains in dairy cattle. We examined ZnO's potential as a substitute antimicrobial agent to treat cow endometritis by testing its ability to sustain potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in cow uteri. Among uterine bacteria, ZnO significantly decreased E. coli and S. aureus, which are known pathogenic bacteria within the uterus and achieved a high cure rate that was associated with the induction of estrous and pregnancy. Taken together, our observations of ZnO's broad range of antibacterial activity in-vivo with an animal model and subsequent evaluations of its therapeutic efficacy in cows with endometritis shed light on its potential to be used as a substitute antimicrobial agent for the treatment of uterine illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia A Amin
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Gamal Abdelaziz
- Microbiology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Centre (ARC), Qena, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Said
- Electronic and Nano Devices Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Pascottini OB, Aurich C, England G, Grahofer A. General and comparative aspects of endometritis in domestic species: A review. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:49-71. [PMID: 37191856 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endometritis is a leading cause of sub- and infertility in domestic animal species. The healthy uterus is colonized by commensal bacteria, viruses and yeast/fungi that represent the nonpathogenic microbiota. A shift in the number or type of organisms accompanied by immune dysfunction, however, may trigger uterine infection and inflammation. Metritis is associated with inflammation of all uterine layers (endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium), whereas endometritis is a more superficial inflammation involving solely the endometrium. Endometritis generally occurs at two time points in domestic animal species, postpartum and postmating. Postpartum endometritis may chronically persist, either as a low-grade disease that often manifests as a vaginal discharge but not a systemic illness (in some species termed clinical endometritis) or sometimes subclinical where features are only detected by endometrial sampling. Contamination of the uterus at the time of mating occurs by direct deposition of semen (ejaculated or artificially inseminated) into the uterus. Improper drainage of the ejaculatory fluid or an inadequate immune response may result in persistent mating-induced endometritis. Both postpartum and postmating endometritis interferes with fertility by creating a suboptimal environment for embryo development and placentation, and chronic endometritis may have an impact on sperm survival and fertilization ability. In the postpartum animal, there may also be changes in milk production and maternal behaviour, which can affect offspring health and survival. Preventive strategies for endometritis largely depend on monitoring their known risk factors, which are sometimes specific with regard to the species. Effective, nonantibiotic therapy for endometritis is not available to date. Overall, extensive research has been performed in cattle and horses to unravel key aspects of endometritis, but in sows and bitches, the available literature is scant. Thus, the need and opportunity to investigate the condition vary considerably among domestic species and necessitate their comparative assessment. This article reviews general and comparative aspects of the diagnosis and classification, pathogenesis, preventive strategies and therapeutics of endometritis in domestic species with a specific focus on cows, mares, sows and bitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - C Aurich
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G England
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| | - A Grahofer
- Clinic for Swine, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Han S, Cicek AF, Tokmak A, Yildirir Ustun T, Ercan Gokay N, Uludag MO, Demirel MA. Effects of Resveratrol on Receptor Expression and Serum Levels of Estrogen and Progesterone in the Rat Endometritis Model. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2610-2622. [PMID: 33966185 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis is characterized by inflammation of the endometrial lining that leads to reduced reproductive potential. Restoring the impaired hormonal balance is an important component of endometritis treatment. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on estrogen and progesterone hormone status in endometritis. Mature female Sprague Dawley rats were used, and endometritis was induced by intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli. Animals were treated with resveratrol alone or combined with marbofloxacin. Compared to the non-treated endometritis group, resveratrol treatment reduced serum oestradiol levels, increased serum progesterone levels, enhanced estrogen receptor (ER) expression in the uterine stroma, decreased ESR1 gene expression, and raised ESR2 gene expression. Resveratrol administration combined with marbofloxacin also increased ER expression in the uterine gland and progesterone receptor expression in the uterine epithelium. The findings of this study suggest that the actions of resveratrol on progesterone levels and estrogen receptor expression might be responsible for its beneficial effect in rats with endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevtap Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ali Fuat Cicek
- Department of Pathology, Gülhane Research and Education Hospital, Etlik, 06010, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Tokmak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Altindag, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugce Yildirir Ustun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ankara University, Dışkapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Ercan Gokay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital, Altindag, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mecit Orhan Uludag
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murside Ayse Demirel
- Laboratory Animal Care and Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Ma X, Yin B, Guo S, Umar T, Liu J, Wu Z, Zhou Q, Zahoor A, Deng G. Enhanced Expression of miR-34a Enhances Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Endometritis by Targeting LGR4 to Activate the NF- κB Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:1744754. [PMID: 34504639 PMCID: PMC8422159 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1744754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent endometritis caused by bacterial infections has lethal effects on the reproductive performance of dairy cattle, which compromises animal welfare and delays or prevents pregnancy. The microRNA (miRNA) miR-34 family plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory process; however, the precise mechanism of miR-34a in endometritis has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. METHODS In this study, the endometrium of cows diagnosed with endometritis was harvested for bacterial culture and Gram staining to evaluate bacterial contamination of the uterus. Based on this, a bovine endometrial epithelial cell (BEND) inflammation model and a mouse model stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro and in vivo were constructed. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8, trypan blue staining, and flow cytometry. H&E was applied to histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blot assays were performed to measure the mRNA and protein expression of relevant genes. Online databases, plasmid construction, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to predict and validate the interaction between miR-34a and its target gene LGR4. Finally, mice were injected vaginally with a local antagomir to validate the role of miR-34a in murine uterine inflammation. RESULTS In this study, we observed that Gram-negative bacteria, represented by Escherichia coli, are the predominant pathogenic agents responsible for the recurrent occurrence of endometritis in dairy cows. Further, miR-34a was found to repress the expression of LGR4 by targeting the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of LGR4. miR-34a was upregulated in bovine uterine tissues and bovine endometrial epithelial cells stimulated with LPS. miR-34a induced the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by activating the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Furthermore, IL-1β upregulated miR-34a transcription and downregulated LGR4 expression in an IL-1β-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study confirmed that miR-34a is regulated by IL-1β and suppresses the level of the LGR4 3'UTR, which in turn exacerbates the inflammatory response. Thus, the knockdown of miR-34a might be a new direction for the treatment of endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoyi Yin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Talha Umar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Arshad Zahoor
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Cui L, Cai H, Sun F, Wang Y, Qu Y, Dong J, Wang H, Li J, Qian C, Li J. Beta-endorphin inhibits the inflammatory response of bovine endometrial cells through δ opioid receptor in vitro. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 121:104074. [PMID: 33775662 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infections are common reproductive diseases in postpartum cows. Evidence has shown that plasma β-endorphins increase during bovine uterine inflammation. However, the effect of β-endorphins on the inflammatory response in bovine endometrium has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of β-endorphins on the inflammatory response of bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, and to explore the possible mechanism. The cells were treated with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate inflammation, which was characterized by the significant activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the increased gene expression of the downstream proinflammatory cytokines (approximately 1.2- to 15-fold increase, P < 0.05). By using Western blot and qPCR techniques, we found that β-endorphins inhibited the key protein expression of NF-κB pathway, and the gene expressions of TNF, IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, nitric oxide synthase 2, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (P < 0.05). The co-treatment of β-endorphins and opioid antagonists showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of β-endorphins could be blocked (P < 0.05) by non-selective opioid antagonist naloxone or δ opioid receptor antagonist ICI 154129, but not the μ opioid receptor antagonist CTAP (P > 0.05). In conclusion, β-endorphins may inhibit the inflammatory response of bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells through δ opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hele Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Fazhuang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yali Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yang Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chen Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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12
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He S, Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang W, Fang J, Xue J, Bao H. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Mouse Endometrial Inflammation via TLR2-Mediated NF-kB and MAPK Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 44:835-845. [PMID: 33738649 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study is designed to investigate the effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYA) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced mouse endometrial inflammation and to explore its molecular mechanism. We established a mouse endometritis model by intrauterine injection of S. aureus and intrauterine injection of HYA for treatment. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were used to detect protein expression in uterine tissue, and qPCR was used to measure mRNA expression. HYA could significantly weak uterine pathological changes caused by S. aureus and reduce MPO activity, CD45, CD3, and ED-1 protein expression in uterine tissues of S. aureus-infected mice. Similarly, HYA also significantly decreased S. aureus induced the increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in uterine tissue. In vivo, we found that knockdown of TLR2 was very important could significantly reduce S. aureus induced the elevated expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in mEECs. Importantly, in terine tissues of S. aureus-infected mice, HYA significantly decreased the ratio of p-p65/p65, p-IKBα/IKBα, p-p38/p38, p-Erk/Erk, and p-JNK/JNK expression. HYA displays anti-inflammatory effects on S. aureus mouse endometrial inflammation, and this effect might be related to HYA which could block TLR2-mediated NF-kB and MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunzhi He
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai City, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinrong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai City, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenteng Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai City, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai City, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianye Fang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai City, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai City, 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongchu Bao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai City, 264000, Shandong Province, China.
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13
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Deng Y, Liu B, Fu C, Gao L, Shen Y, Liu K, Li Q, Cao J, Mao W. Lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine endometrium explants through toll‑like receptor 4 signaling and PGE 2 synthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 168:102272. [PMID: 33895679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bovine endometrium infection with gram-negative bacteria commonly causes uterine diseases. Previous studies indicate that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an inflammatory mediator in bacterial endometritis. However, the mechanism underlying lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response regulation in bovine endometrial explants remains elusive. In the present study, bovine explants were pre-treated with 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) inhibitors before LPS stimulation. PGE2 secretion, prostaglandin synthetase, pro-inflammatory factor, damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), and related signaling pathway factor levels were evaluated. Using 15-PGDH inhibitors pre-treatment, LPS-treated bovine endometrial explants exhibited augmentation of PGE2 and DAMP expression, and upregulation of various signaling pathway factors. Protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and degradation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors were induced in the pre-treated endometrial explants. The mechanism underlying LPS-induced PGE2 accumulation acting as a pro-inflammatory mediator through toll-like receptor 4 signaling in bovine explants could involve the PKA, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, 014040, Baotou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Long Gao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, 014040, Baotou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, 014040, Baotou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, 014040, Baotou, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China.
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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14
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Ravel J, Moreno I, Simón C. Bacterial vaginosis and its association with infertility, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:251-257. [PMID: 33091407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometritis are infections of the genital tract that can lead to many adverse health outcomes, including infertility. Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a lower prevalence of lactobacilli and a higher prevalence of anaerobic bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis, Megasphaera spp., and Atopobium vaginae. Endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease are caused by the ascension of pathogenic bacteria to the uterus, although the mechanisms by which they do so are unclear. Bacterial vaginosis, chronic endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease have been linked to infertility in retrospective and prospective trials. Similarly, the causes of bacterial vaginosis and endometritis-related infertility are likely multifactorial and stem from inflammation, immune targeting of sperm antigens, the presence of bacterial toxins, and increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. Diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis, chronic endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease before attempting conception may be important components of preconceptional care for symptomatic women to improve outcomes of natural and assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Igenomix Foundation-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Research and Development Department, Igenomix-Ferring Preconceptional InnoHub, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos Simón
- Igenomix Foundation-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Research and Development Department, Igenomix-Ferring Preconceptional InnoHub, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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15
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Miao Y, Ishfaq M, Liu Y, Wu Z, Wang J, Li R, Qian F, Ding L, Li J. Baicalin attenuates endometritis in a rabbit model induced by infection with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus via NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106508. [PMID: 32861957 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a rabbit endometritis model was developed to study cow endometritis. In addition, the protective effects of baicalin (a flavonoid) against endometritis were investigated. Clinical symptoms, differential leukocyte counting, uterine secretion smear microscopy and chemical examination, urine testing, and signs of necropsy showed abnormal changes and inflammatory responses in the uterus of rabbits. Histopathological results revealed visible inflammatory exudates and blood spots between intercellular spaces which confirmed that the rabbit endometritis model was successfully developed. Most importantly, these inflammatory signs were partially attenuated with baicalin treatment. The data revealed that the increased body temperature and leukocyte cells, pus, and the detachment of epithelial cells were alleviated with baicalin administration in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological tissue changes such as inflammatory cells infiltrates, hyperemia, hemorrhages, and shedding of epithelial cells were partially attenuated with baicalin treatment. In addition, the mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes (iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-6) was significantly altered in RAW264.7 cells after LPS treatment. Further, the phosphorylated protein expression of JNK, p65, and IκBα were significantly reduced with LPS treatment. Intriguingly, baicalin pretreatment reversed the alteration in mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes and significantly reduced the phosphorylation of JNK, p65, and IκBα. In summary, our results suggest that baicalin has protective effects on bacterial-induced endometritis in rabbits that involve the suppression of NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Miao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - M Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Z Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - J Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - R Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - F Qian
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - L Ding
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - J Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China.
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16
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Abdalova AM, Shurlygina AV, Dergacheva TI, Klimontov VV, Letyagin AY. Circadian Variations in Cellular Composition of Lymphoid Organs in Rats with Experimental Endomyometritis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:742-746. [PMID: 33098509 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Circadian variations in the cellular composition of the lymphoid organs were studied in female Wistar rats under normal conditions and in experimental endomyometritis. The fractions of CD8+ cells (effector killers), CD25+ cells (activated/immature lymphocytes), as well as large, medium, small lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages were assessed at 10.00 and 20.00 h. In the thymus and spleen of rats with endomyometritis, the number of parameters demonstrating significant circadian variations was lower than in intact animals. In the lymph nodes, morning/evening differences appeared for the number of CD8+ and CD25+ cells and monocytes/macrophages in the para-aortic lymph nodes, the number of large and small lymphocytes and CD8+ cells in inguinal lymph nodes, and in the number of large lymphocytes, CD8+ cells, and monocytes/macrophages in the ileal lymph nodes. Thus, the development of chronic inflammation in the uterine and vaginal mucosa was accompanied by desynchronosis in the immune system. Hence, circadian rhythms should be taken into consideration in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Abdalova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Shurlygina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - T I Dergacheva
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V V Klimontov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Letyagin
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome in women with genital tuberculosis (GTB).Methods: One hundred and fifty-five women with genital tuberculosis constituted the study group (Group A), consisting of 25 patients with endometrial tuberculosis (Group A1) and 130 patients with tubal tuberculosis (Group A2). Women with non-tuberculous tubal infertility were matched by age and study period served as controls (Group B).Results: Patients with GTB had significantly reduced endometrial thickness, high-quality embryos rate, implantation rate as compared with controls (p < .05), no differences were found in other pregnancy parameters. In addition, the endometrial thickness, fertilization rate, high-quality embryos rate and implantation rate were also significantly lower in women with endometrial tuberculosis as compared with controls. And the cumulative pregnancy rate in endometrial tuberculosis was significantly decreased compared with tubal tuberculosis and controls (p < .05). However, IVF/ICSI pregnancy outcomes in patients with tubal tuberculosis showed no difference as compared with controls (p > .05). Also, rates of miscarriage, preterm birth, obstetrical complications, and neonatal problems did not differ among three groups.Conclusions: In conclusion, IVF/ICSI-ET remains the most optimal method for the treatment of female infertility associated with tubal tuberculosis. However, patients with endometrium tuberculosis showed significantly reduced fertilization, implantation and cumulative pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Dai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linna Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yurong Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Pascottini OB, Van Schyndel SJ, Spricigo JFW, Rousseau J, Weese JS, LeBlanc SJ. Dynamics of uterine microbiota in postpartum dairy cows with clinical or subclinical endometritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12353. [PMID: 32704012 PMCID: PMC7378066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objectives were to describe and compare the uterine bacterial composition of postpartum Holstein cows diagnosed as healthy (n = 8), subclinical endometritis (SCE; n = 8), or clinical endometritis (CE; n = 5) in the fifth week postpartum. We did metagenomic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences from endometrial cytobrush samples at 10, 21, and 35 days in milk (DIM), and endometrial bacterial culture at 35 DIM. Uterine bacterial composition in healthy, SCE, and CE was stable at 10, 21, and 35 DIM. Alpha and beta diversities showed a different uterine microbiome from CE compared to healthy or SCE, but no differences were found between healthy and SCE cows. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, and at genera level, of Trueperella was greater in CE than healthy or SCE cows. Trueperella pyogenes was the predominant bacteria cultured in cows with CE, and a wide variety of bacterial growth was found in healthy and SCE cows. Bacteria that grew in culture were represented within the most abundant bacterial genera based on metagenomic sequencing. The uterine microbiota was similar between SCE and healthy, but the microbiome in cows with CE had a loss of bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bogado Pascottini
- Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - S J Van Schyndel
- Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J F W Spricigo
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Rousseau
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J S Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S J LeBlanc
- Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Sgayer I, Gur T, Glikman D, Rechnitzer H, Bornstein J, Wolf MF. Routine uterine culture swab during cesarean section and its clinical correlations: A retrospective comparative study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 249:42-46. [PMID: 32348949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cesarean sections, particularly non-elective cesareans, are an important risk factor for the development of postpartum endometritis, a leading cause of postpartum febrile morbidity. We evaluated the yield of obtaining routine intrauterine culture during elective and non-elective cesarean sections, in the prevention and management of postpartum endometritis. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective comparative study investigating the distribution of uterine cultures obtained immediately after fetus and placenta delivery during cesarean sections performed in a single tertiary hospital during 2017. True pathogenic bacteria were included in the study analysis and considered as positive results, while other contaminant bacteria were excluded. RESULTS Positive uterine cultures were identified in 10.7 % (88/821) of cesarean sections, with no significant difference in prevalence between elective and non-elective cesareans. Escherichia coli (E.coli), isolated in 40.9 % of the positive cultures of all women, was the most common organism in non-elective cesareans vs. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in elective cesareans. Higher rate of positive cultures was found in term vs. preterm cesareans (17.5 % vs 10.5 %, respectively, p-value = 0.04). E.coli was the most frequent pathogen reported in both women with intact membranes or premature rupture of membranes (46.3 % and 47.3 % respectively). Eight women (9.1 %) with positive cultures presented with postpartum fever; all had undergone non-elective cesarean section. In one-third of these cases the empirical antibiotic treatment was adjusted according to the uterine culture results and susceptibility testing results. CONCLUSIONS Obtaining routine intrauterine cultures during non-elective cesarean sections might be useful for detecting significant pathogens and tailoring the antibiotic treatment in postpartum endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inshirah Sgayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tomer Gur
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Daniel Glikman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Hagai Rechnitzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Jacob Bornstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Maya Frank Wolf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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20
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Rouse CE, Eckert LO, Muñoz FM, Stringer JSA, Kochhar S, Bartlett L, Sanicas M, Dudley DJ, Harper DM, Bittaye M, Meller L, Jehan F, Maltezou HC, Šubelj M, Bardaji A, Kachikis A, Beigi R, Gravett MG. Postpartum endometritis and infection following incomplete or complete abortion: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data. Vaccine 2019; 37:7585-7595. [PMID: 31783980 PMCID: PMC6891249 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C E Rouse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - L O Eckert
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F M Muñoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J S A Stringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Kochhar
- Global Healthcare Consulting; University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Bartlett
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Sanicas
- Sanofi Pasteur, Asia and JPAC Region, Singapore
| | - D J Dudley
- University of Virginia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - D M Harper
- University of Michigan, Departments of Family Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Bittaye
- Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital/University of The Gambia and Medical Research Council, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, USA
| | - L Meller
- Safety & Pharmacovigilance, Syneos Health, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - F Jehan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H C Maltezou
- Department for Interventions in Healthcare Facilities, Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | - M Šubelj
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Bardaji
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Kachikis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Beigi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M G Gravett
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Liu
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ.
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22
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Sheldon IM, Cronin JG, Pospiech M, Turner ML. Symposium review: Mechanisms linking metabolic stress with innate immunity in the endometrium. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3655-3664. [PMID: 28888597 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the uterus after parturition are ubiquitous in dairy cattle and often cause uterine disease, such as metritis or endometritis. However, the metabolic stress associated with milk production increases the risk of developing disease. Resolution of bacterial infections requires rapid and robust innate immune responses, which depend on host cell receptors recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria. Here, we argue that metabolic stress impairs the inflammatory response to pathogens. Glucose and glutamine are the major energy sources for cells, but their abundance is reduced in postpartum dairy cows. Furthermore, inflammatory responses exacerbate metabolic stress, with animals and tissues consuming more glucose when challenged with LPS. However, depriving endometrial tissue of glucose or glutamine impairs the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Glycolysis and the intracellular sensor of energy, AMP-activated protein kinase, are important for the response to LPS because perturbing glycolysis or AMP-activated protein kinase activity reduces the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the endometrium. The mevalonate pathway for cellular cholesterol synthesis may also be linked to immunity, as inhibition of the terminal enzyme in the pathway, squalene synthase, reduces inflammatory responses to pathogenic bacteria and LPS. In contrast, only modest effects on inflammation are found when modulating the sensor of cellular nutrient satiety, mammalian target of rapamycin, or the endocrine regulator of metabolism, insulin-like growth factor-1. We suggest that stressing cellular metabolism increases the risk of uterine disease by impairing endometrial defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin Sheldon
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
| | - James G Cronin
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Pospiech
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L Turner
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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23
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Alberts A, Blanck Olerup A, Gustafson P. [Not Available]. Lakartidningen 2018; 115:EUU9. [PMID: 29381182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Puerpural fever still exist. A rare condition that must be kept in mind All 33 claims to the Swedish National Patient Insurance (LÖF) in 2010-2014 related to obstetric infections, of which 14 were due to endometritis, were examined. Nine women suffered from fulminant infections consistent with classical puerperal fever (childbed fever), 2 of which were life-threatening. They occurred unexpectedly, mainly after uncomplicated deliveries, and were usually caused by Group A streptococci. Five women suffered from endometritis with a mild or moderate clinical course. All occurred after early birth-related complications and were caused by low-virulent bacteria. In order for an infection to occur in a healthy woman who undergoes normal delivery, more virulent bacteria appear to be required. Since these bacteria may exist in the hospital environment, improved hygiene routines are a prerequisite for reducing the number of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akke Alberts
- Capio Ortopediska huset - Johanneshov, Sweden Capio Ortopediska huset - Johanneshov, Sweden
| | - Agneta Blanck Olerup
- Karolinska universitetssjukhuset - Obstetrik/Gynekologi Huddinge, Sweden Karolinska universitetssjukhuset - Obstetrik/Gynekologi Huddinge, Sweden
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24
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Kosei N, Zakharenko N, Herman D. ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE: CLINICAL AND PATHOGENE-TIC VARIATIONS. Georgian Med News 2017:16-22. [PMID: 29328024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to study the relationship between the morphofunctional characteristics of the endometrium, hormonal homeostasis and microbiocenosis of the reproductive system in patients with endometrial polyps. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 34 patients with endometrial polyps, 30 patients with micropolyps, 36 patients with endometrial polyps and micropolyps, 30 healthy women of the control group. Hysteroscopy was performed for women who had been suspected for endometrial polyps and who had infertility or repeated recurrent miscarriages. Endometrial samples from healthy women were obtained by aspiration biopsy. The endometrial sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against the specific markers of plasmacytes (CD138), NK cells (CD56, CD16), pan-leukocytes (CD45), macrophages (CD68), cellular marker for proliferation (Ki-67), ER, PR. Bacteriological examination of the endometrium was performed by PCR and by cultivating aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms on special growth media. In all groups of women the content in blood serum for 3-5 day of a menstrual cycle of gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) and sex steroid hormones (estradiol, prolactin) was studied, for 21 days of a cycle estimated the content of progesterone. Level of an expression of receptors of progesterone and estrogen estimated in endometrium and at EP, also in І a cycle phase. Highlighted are separate clinical and pathogenetic variations of endometrial polyps: isolated polyps, micropolyps, polyps in conjunction with micropolyps. In the course of study, it was found that progesterone deficiency and local immune imbalance with severe hypofunctional NK cells against viral and fungal infestations result in excessive endometrial cell proliferation and development of an isolated polyp. The case of a polyp merging with micropolyps potentiates an active inflammatory process alongside all of the mechanisms mentioned above. Micropolyps as a macroscopic manifestation of an active inflammatory process in chronic endometritis are characterized by focal infiltrates of leukocytes (CD45), macrophages (CD68), plasmacells (CD138) and NK (CD56) cells, whose activity leads to excess abnormal proliferation of endometrium, even in the absence of hormone receptor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kosei
- SI "Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology NAMS of Ukraine", Endocrine Gynecology Department, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - N Zakharenko
- SI "Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology NAMS of Ukraine", Endocrine Gynecology Department, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D Herman
- SI "Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology NAMS of Ukraine", Endocrine Gynecology Department, Kyiv, Ukraine
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25
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Okoev G, Gomcyan G, Manukyan L. [INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF MISCARRIAGE]. Georgian Med News 2017:53-58. [PMID: 28820413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of thiswork was to find out the infection causes and to assess the species composition of microflora of the vagina and cervix in women with miscarriage and chronic endometritis. The investigation of66 womenwith miscarriage (MC) with histological criteria of chronic endometritis (CE) has been done (main group). The control group consistsof 20 healthywomen of reproductiveage. The marked changes in the vagina and cervical canal mikroflora in women with MC and CE are registered. The latter is expressed is quantitative reduction of lactobacilli (20% and 75% in vagina, 7,5% and 60% in cervical canal in main and control groups correspondingly)andincrease in the number of opportunistic pathogens. Allthe aboveleads to imbalance of microflora of the vaginaand cervical canalthus contributing to theascentof infection from thelower part to the upper part of reproductive tract. These data regarding the disorders of vaginal and cervical microflora in women of the group indicates its pathogenic role in the development of miscarriage on the bases of chronic endometritis. The data obtainedallow to recommend theassessment of themicroflora of the vaginaandcervixin women withMC and CE forthe development of adequatepregravidar therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Okoev
- Research Center of Maternal and Child Health Protection, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - G Gomcyan
- Research Center of Maternal and Child Health Protection, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - L Manukyan
- Research Center of Maternal and Child Health Protection, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
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26
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Boisen AB, Ostenfeldt EB, Erikstrup LT, Bay B. [Genital actinomycosis and pelvic abscesses in a woman with a 13-year-old intrauterine device]. Ugeskr Laeger 2017; 179:V11160846. [PMID: 28397653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman who had had the same intrauterine device (IUD) for 13 years was referred to the gynaecology outpatient clinic due to constitutional symptoms, abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. Diagnostic imaging showed multiple pelvic abscesses, and severe chronic endometritis with Actinomyces was found in an endometrial biopsy. The patient underwent surgical drainage of the accessible abscesses and started long-term antibiotic treatment. This case report illustrates that actinomycosis is an important differential diagnosis in symptomatic women with IUD and suspected gynaecologic malignancy.
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27
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Zhang D, Zhao J, Wang Q, Liu Y, Tian C, Zhao Y, Yu L, Liu M. Trueperella pyogenes isolated from dairy cows with endometritis in Inner Mongolia, China: Tetracycline susceptibility and tetracycline-resistance gene distribution. Microb Pathog 2017; 105:51-56. [PMID: 28188901 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes plays a crucial role in endometritis pathogenesis and is also associated with many infections, including metritis, mastitis, arthritis and liver abscessation, in many domestic animals. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of tetracycline resistance in T. pyogenes isolated from dairy cows with endometritis in Inner Mongolia, China, and we assessed tetracycline-resistance gene distribution among the isolates. Our results indicated that 68.7% and 62.5% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively, and the rate of resistance to metacycline was 18.8%. The tetracycline resistance gene tetK was present in all isolates (n = 32), whereas the tetM gene was identified in 12.5% and 9.4% of the isolates, in the chromosome and plasmid, respectively. Strains carrying tetW were also common in the chromosome and plasmid, with abundances of 53.1% and 46.9%, respectively. However, tetO and otrA were absent in all isolates. The resistance phenotype analysis indicated that 6.3% of strains were susceptible to all tetracyclines, while 3.1% showed resistance to all tetracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Jingcui Zhao
- Jianping Livestock Product Safety Supervision, Chaoyang 122400, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Liaoyang Animal Health Supervision Institute, Liaoyang 111000, PR China
| | - Yaochuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Chunlian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Lihui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China.
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28
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Ouédraogo CMR, Ouattara A, Sana A, Ouédraogo A, Kain DP, Komboigo E, Sangaré L, Lankoandé J. [Obstetric endometritis at the UTH-Yalgado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso): about the management of 102 cases]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2016; 109:334-339. [PMID: 27448579 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-016-0514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study over a nine months period conducted at the UTH-Yalgado Ouédraogo from all patients in whom the diagnosis of endometritis at obstetrical been laid. Endo-cervical and vaginal swabs were taken from all these patients. Commensal bacteria and anaerobes were investigated in the laboratory. During the study period, 102 cases of obstetric endometritis were recorded that to say a frequency of 1.4% of admissions. The average age of patients was 25.2 years [17-43]. The childbirth mean was 2.5 ± 2 [0-7]. The reason for consultation was dominated by hyperthermia in 98% of cases. The bacterial ecosystem was mainly dominated by Escherichia coli (49.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (29.5%), Streptococcus sp (4.9%). The acid + amoxicillin clavulanic showed low activity on most germs. The average hospital stay of patients was 6.30 days [1-33]. A maternal death was recorded in 3 patients that to say fatality rate of 2.9%. The lethality of endometritis at the UTH-Yalgado Ouedraogo is greater than the rate of 1% allowed by WHO. The resistance of germs is high enough with amoxicillin. The systematization of the bacteriological study is expected to guide the antibiotic to help better fight against maternal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M R Ouédraogo
- Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 04 BP 8201, Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.
| | - A Ouattara
- Département de gynécologie et d'obstétrique du CHU-YO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - A Sana
- Département de gynécologie et d'obstétrique du CHU-YO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - A Ouédraogo
- Département de gynécologie et d'obstétrique du CHU-YO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - D P Kain
- Département de gynécologie et d'obstétrique du CHU-YO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - E Komboigo
- Département de gynécologie et d'obstétrique du CHU-YO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - L Sangaré
- Département de bactériologie et de virologie du CHU-YO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - J Lankoandé
- Département de gynécologie et d'obstétrique du CHU-YO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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29
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Lyttle B, Johnson JV. Chronic Actinomyces Infection Caused by Retained Cervical Cerclage: A Case Report. J Reprod Med 2016; 61:179-181. [PMID: 27172644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, Actinomyces infection has been associated primarily with the intrauterine device. Recently, case reports associating Actinomyces with other implants have been described, including nonwoven polypropylene mesh used for urethral slings and Mersilene cerclage placements. However, there are no reported cases of chronic Actinomyces infections associated with retained Mersilene cerclage. CASE A 51-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3, presented with a 10-year history of vaginal discharge and Actinomyces identified on endometrial biopsy. After failing medical treatment and undergoing a hysterectomy, the patient was found to have a retained Mersilene cerclage. CONCLUSION This is the first case to report persistent Actinomyces infection with a retained Mersilene cerclage. No current recommendations exist for assessing full removal of cerclage. Clinicians should have a high suspicion of Actinomyces infection in a patient who presents with persistent vaginal discharge and history of cerclage placement.
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30
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Troshina NA, Dolgushin II, Dolgushina VF, Bakhareva LI, Kurnosenko IV, Nadvikova TV. [EFFECT OF LONGIDAZE ON MICROBIAL LANDSCAPE OF CERVICAL CANAL AND UTERINE CAVITY DURING THERAPY OF WOMEN WITH CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC ENDOMETRITIS AND UTERUS MYOMA]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2015:71-74. [PMID: 26470422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Evaluation of microbiological effectiveness of longidaze preparation use during therapy of active non-specific endometritis in women with uterus myoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2 groups of women were formed by a method of random selection. The first was composed of patients with active chronic endometritis, that had received standard etiotropic antibacterial therapy. The second included patients, that had received longidaze in addition to the standard therapy. Therapy effectiveness evaluation was carried out based on the analysis of microbial landscape of cervical canal and uterine cavity 2 months after the therapy during phase I of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS Non-plasma-coagulating staphylococci, enterococci and anaerobes were established to be present predominately in the examined women of both the first and the second group. CONCLUSION The application of longidaze in combination with antibacterial therapy results in the most significant improvement of microbial landscape of cervical canal and uterine cavity.
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Cicinelli E, Matteo M, Tinelli R, Pinto V, Marinaccio M, Indraccolo U, De Ziegler D, Resta L. Chronic endometritis due to common bacteria is prevalent in women with recurrent miscarriage as confirmed by improved pregnancy outcome after antibiotic treatment. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:640-7. [PMID: 24177713 PMCID: PMC3984485 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113508817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is defined as 3 or more miscarriages before 20 weeks' pregnancy. In recent years, interest has been focused on chronic endometritis (CE), a subtle inflammation thought to be associated with RM. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between CE and RM. The records of 360 women with unexplained RM were retrospectively analyzed. Data from hysteroscopy, endometrial histology, endometrial culture, and polymerase chain reaction for chlamydia, performed before and after antibiotic treatment for CE, were analyzed. The occurrence of successful pregnancies within 1 year after treatment was also evaluated. Results showed that 208 (57.8%) women with RM showed CE at hysteroscopy; 190 (91.3%), positive at hysteroscopy, were also positive at histology, and 142 (68.3%) had positive cultures. Common bacteria were found in 110 (77.5%) patients. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma were found in 36 (25.3%) patients and Chlamydia in 18 patients (12.7%). In 102 (71%) women, antibiogram-based antibiotic treatment normalized hysteroscopy, histology, and cultures (group 1); while in 40 (28.2%) patients, CE was still present at hysteroscopy (group 2). In 16 of the 66 patients positive at hysteroscopy, but not at cultures, the hysteroscopy becomes normal (group 3) after a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-based therapy; while in 50 women, CE was still present (group 4). One year after treatment, group 1 showed a significantly higher number of pregnancies (78.4%) compared to group 2 (17.5%; P < .001) and group 4 (15.3%; P = .005). The CE is frequent in women with RM. Antibiotic treatment seems to be associated with an improved reproductive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Cicinelli
- Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science (DIMO), 3rd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Ettore Cicinelli, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science (DIMO), 3rd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Matteo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Bastiano Hospital, Bassano del Grappa, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pinto
- Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science (DIMO), 3rd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Marinaccio
- Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science (DIMO), 3rd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ugo Indraccolo
- Operative Unit of Obstetric and Gynecology of Civitanova Marche, Civitanova Marche, Italy
| | - Dominique De Ziegler
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité-Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Resta
- Department of Pathology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Turner ML, Cronin JG, Healey GD, Sheldon IM. Epithelial and stromal cells of bovine endometrium have roles in innate immunity and initiate inflammatory responses to bacterial lipopeptides in vitro via Toll-like receptors TLR2, TLR1, and TLR6. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1453-65. [PMID: 24437488 PMCID: PMC3959608 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria often infect the endometrium of cattle to cause endometritis, uterine disease, and infertility. Lipopeptides are commonly found among bacteria and are detected by the Toll-like receptor (TLR) cell surface receptor TLR2 on immune cells. Heterodimers of TLR2 with TLR1 or TLR6 activate MAPK and nuclear factor-κB intracellular signaling pathways to stimulate inflammatory responses. In the endometrium, epithelial and stromal cells are the first to encounter invading bacteria, so the present study explored whether endometrial cells can also mount inflammatory responses to bacterial lipopeptides via TLRs. The supernatants of pure populations of primary bovine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells accumulated the cytokine IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8 in response to triacylated or diacylated bacterial lipopeptides. The accumulation of IL-6 and IL-8 in response to triacylated lipopeptides was reduced by small interfering RNA targeting TLR2 or TLR1 but not TLR6, whereas cellular responses to diacylated lipopeptide were reduced by small interfering RNA targeting TLR2, TLR1, or TLR6. Both lipopeptides induced rapid phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and nuclear factor-κB in endometrial cells, and inhibitors of ERK1/2 or p38 limited the accumulation of IL-6. The ovarian steroids estradiol and progesterone had little impact on inflammatory responses to lipopeptides. The endometrial epithelial and stromal cell responses to lipopeptides via TLR2, TLR1, and TLR6 provide a mechanism linking a wide range of bacterial infections to inflammation of the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Turner
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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Rasmussen CD, Haugaard MM, Petersen MR, Nielsen JM, Pedersen HG, Bojesen AM. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates from equine infectious endometritis belong to a distinct genetic group. Vet Res 2013; 44:26. [PMID: 23597033 PMCID: PMC3640914 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is the pathogen most commonly isolated from the uterus of mares. S. zooepidemicus is an opportunistic pathogen and part of the resident flora in the caudal reproductive tract. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a genotypically distinct subpopulation of S. zooepidemicus is associated with endometritis in the mare, by genotyping and comparing uterine S. zooepidemicus strains with isolates from the vagina and clitoral fossa. Mares with (n=18) or without (n=11) clinical symptoms of endometritis were included. Uterine samples were obtained using a guarded endometrial biopsy punch, whereas a swab was used to recover samples from the cranial vagina and the clitoral fossa. If S. zooepidemicus was present, up to three colonies were selected from each anatomical location (max. 9 isolates per mare). Bacterial isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). S. zooepidemicus was isolated from the endometrium of 12 mares. A total of 88 isolates were analyzed by PFGE: 31 from the endometrium, 26 from the cranial vagina and 31 isolates from the clitoral fossa. For MLST 21 isolates were chosen. Results demonstrated a higher genetic similarity of the isolates obtained from infectious endometritis compared to isolates obtained from the caudal reproductive tract. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that a genetically distinct group of S. zooepidemicus is associated with infectious endometritis in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Dooleweerdt Rasmussen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Section of Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 68, Frederiksberg C DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Maria Mathilde Haugaard
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Section of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé 5, Taastrup DK-2630, Denmark
| | - Morten Roenn Petersen
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Section 4071, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jesper Møller Nielsen
- Ansager Dyrehospital (Ansager Large Animal Hospital), Gartnerhaven 5, Ansager DK-6823, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gervi Pedersen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Section of Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 68, Frederiksberg C DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigboejlen 4, Frederiksberg C DK-1870, Denmark
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Barański W, Podhalicz-Dzięgielewska M, Zduńczyk S, Janowski T. The diagnosis and prevalence of subclinical endometritis in cows evaluated by different cytologic thresholds. Theriogenology 2013; 78:1939-47. [PMID: 23110950 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of our study were to determine (1) how the prevalence of cytologically determined subclinical endometritis varies when using three different cytological threshold ratios to categorize cows as either with or without endometritis, (2) how the number of animals categorized as having endometritis changes from the fourth to the sixth wk postpartum when using each threshold, (3) how subclinical endometritis influences the number of days open, and (4) how the results of cytological and bacterial examinations correlate. To answer these questions, 222 clinically healthy cows in two herds were examined in the fourth (Exam 1) and the sixth wk (Exam 2) postpartum, when endometrial surface scrapings for bacteriologic and cytologic examination were collected by cytobrush from their uterine horns. After each examination, all cows were categorized using three different thresholds: (1) > 18% polymorphonuclear leucocytes in Exam 1 and > 10% in Exam 2, (2) > 8% in both exams, and (3) > 5% in both exams. It was found that: (1) The number of cows categorized as having endometritis increased as the threshold was lowered, and ranged from 18.9% to 75.4% according to herd, time of examination, and the threshold used; (2) with all three thresholds and in both herds, the number of cows categorized as having endometritis in Exam 1 was approximately double that in Exam 2; whereas depending on the herd and the threshold used, 6.1% to 17.0% of the cows that were negative in the first exam were positive in the second, and 7.4% to 33.3% were positive in both exams; (3) cows were open for a significantly greater number of days if categorized as having endometritis with the first threshold in Exam 1 (mean ± SEM 151.5 ± 9.5 vs. 115.9 ± 7.8; P < 0.01), or with either the first or the second threshold in Exam 2 (mean ± SEM 155.0 ± 15.0 vs. 125.1 ± 6.6; P < 0.05); and (4) the most common bacteria were Streptococcus acidominimus and Escherichia coli, and the correlation between cytologic and bacteriologic findings was low (Φ = 0.08 to 0.17 for different tested thresholds). Subclinical endometritis seems to be associated more with the postpartum recovery of the endometrium than with bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Barański
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Santos TMA, Bicalho RC. Diversity and succession of bacterial communities in the uterine fluid of postpartum metritic, endometritic and healthy dairy cows. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53048. [PMID: 23300859 PMCID: PMC3531447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the uterine bacterial composition in dairy cows is still poorly understood, although the emerging picture has shown to be increasingly complex. Understanding the complexity and ecology of microorganisms in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows is critical for developing strategies to block their action in reproductive disorders, such as metritis/endometritis. Here, we used PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA pyrosequencing to provide a comprehensive description of the uterine bacterial diversity and compare its succession in healthy, metritic and endometritic Holstein dairy cows at three intervals following calving. Samples were collected from 16 dairy cows housed in a dairy farm located in upstate New York. PCR-DGGE revealed a complex profile with extensive differences in the community structure. With few exceptions, clustering analysis grouped samples from cows presenting the same health status. Analysis of >65,000 high-quality 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the uterine bacterial consortia, regardless of the health status, is mainly composed of members of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes. In addition to these co-dominant phyla, sequences from Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, and Actinobacteria appear less frequently. It is possible that some sequences detected in the uterine fluid resulted from the presence of fecal or vaginal contaminants. Overall, the bacterial core community was different in uterine fluid of healthy cows, when compared to cows suffering from postpartum diseases, and the phylogenetic diversity in all the combined samples changed gradually over time. Particularly at the 34–36 days postpartum (DPP), the core community seemed to be specific for each health status. Our finding reveals that the uterine microbiota in dairy cows varies according with health status and DPP. Also, it adds further support to the hypothesis that there is uterine contamination with diverse bacterial groups following calving and emphasizes the role of unidentified microorganisms in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M. A. Santos
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo C. Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Maurel V, Mons S, Quenee V, Levy M, Conil JM. [Endometritis secondary to Staphylococcus aureus producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 31:927-8. [PMID: 23044346 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Carniato A, Fuser R, Giobbia M, Rossi C, Farina F, Inojosa W, Pintaldi S, Scotton PG. [Tuberculous peritonitis: experience in Treviso from 2000 to 2010]. Infez Med 2012; 20:195-199. [PMID: 22992560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peritonitis is an uncommon localization of tuberculosis in Italy; diagnosis and treatment are often difficult and delayed. Fifteen cases, followed by Infectious Diseases Department in Treviso from 2000 to 2010, are described. Mortality and long term complications were absent, in contrast with medical literature. The usefulness of steroid therapy is still uncertain. Other sites of infection were present in 60 percent of patients (pulmonary TB in 47%), urging the clinician to examine the case promptly to determine infectiousness status.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data
- Endometritis/diagnosis
- Endometritis/drug therapy
- Endometritis/epidemiology
- Endometritis/microbiology
- Female
- Hospitals, County
- Hospitals, Isolation
- Humans
- Incidence
- Inpatients/statistics & numerical data
- Italy/epidemiology
- Male
- Medical Records Systems, Computerized
- Middle Aged
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
- Peritonitis, Tuberculous/diagnosis
- Peritonitis, Tuberculous/drug therapy
- Peritonitis, Tuberculous/epidemiology
- Poverty
- Risk Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Tuberculosis, Female Genital/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis, Female Genital/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Female Genital/epidemiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
- Tuberculosis, Renal/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis, Renal/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Renal/epidemiology
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38
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Wolf CA, Maslchitzky E, Gregory RM, Jobim MIM, Mattos RC. Effect of corticotherapy on proteomics of endometrial fluid from mares susceptible to persistent postbreeding endometritis. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1351-9. [PMID: 22225686 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of corticotherapy, in the presence and absence of uterine inflammation, on proteomics of endometrial fluid from mares susceptible to endometritis. In 11 mares, estrus was induced seven times with 5 mg PGF(2α) given at 14-day intervals. The first estrus was a control (no treatment). During the third estrus, mares received glucocorticoid (GC) treatment (20 mg isoflupredone acetate) every 12 h, for three consecutive days. The fifth estrus was the Infected treatment (intrauterine infusion of 1 × 10(9) colony-forming unit/mL Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus). Finally, the seventh was a combination of GC + Infected treatment (infusion of bacteria 24 h after the first GC treatment). At 12 h after the end of each treatment, uterine samples were collected and submitted to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) for protein separation and mass spectrometry. Both GC treatment and uterine lumen infection induced proteomic alterations in the endometrial fluid of susceptible mares, characterized by an increase, decrease, or both in the relative optic density and/or frequency of inflammatory acute phase proteins (APP), with major alterations occurring when corticotherapy was applied in the presence of an infectious process. Corticotherapy in the presence of infection increased α(1)-antitrypsin (AAT), transthyretin (TT), and actin, but reduced immunoglobulin G, whereas intrauterine infection increased haptoglobin (Hp) and apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and decreased transferrin (TF). Infection reduced levels of α(1)-antitrypsin and transthyretin, whereas corticotherapy in the presence of infection increased their frequency. We concluded that GC influenced the immune response, not only as suppressors, but also as enhancers of local defense mechanisms, through an immunomodulatory action. Short-term corticotherapy could be beneficial for treatment of uterine infectious processes in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Wolf
- REPROLAB, Veterinary Faculty, University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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39
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Goncagul G, Seyrek Intas K, Kumru IH, Seyrek Intas D. Prevalence and accompanying signs of pneumovagina and urovagina in dairy cows in the Southern Marmara region. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2012; 40:359-366. [PMID: 23242145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies on the prevalence of pneumo- and urovagina in cows are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the most common accompanying clinical signs of pneumo- and urovagina in dairy cows. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 2007 and 2010 a total of 1167 Holstein and Brown Swiss cows were examined clinically and bacteriologically. Pneumovagina was diagnosed if air was sucked in or expelled from the vagina spontaneously at any time. Urovagina was defined as the accumulation of urine at the fornix of the vagina. RESULTS The prevalence of pneumovagina and urovagina were 19.2% (n=224) and 3.1% (n=36), respectively. Several clinical findings were accompanying pneumovagina in affected cows. 77.7% of cows having pneumovagina additionally displayed foamy vaginal discharge during estrous. Passive urinary flow out of the vulva could be observed due to pressure during rectal examination in some cows with urovagina. Bacteriological examination of uterine swaps from 111 cows with pneumovagina yielded a positive result in 95.5% of the cases. Uterine samples from 20 control animals were bacteriologically positive in 45% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pneumovagina in cows has a much higher prevalence than published before and causes uterine infection, endometritis and infertility due to fecal contamination. Urovagina is always an accompanying sign in severe cases of pneumovagina. Foamy vaginal discharge during estrous can be regarded as pathognomonic and early sign of pneumovagina also in very mild cases. Evacuation of the uterus after parturition and a decrease in body condition score due to negative energy balance causes an increased negative intraabdominal pressure. These conditions seem to trigger the development of pneumo- and urovagina. For this reason repeat-breeders and especially cows with foamy vaginal discharge during estrous, passive urinary leakage and an angulated vulva dorsal to the ischiadic arch should be carefully examined for pneumovagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goncagul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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40
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Mikamo H, Yamagishi Y, Takahashi K, Izumi K, Hoshina S, Nakabe K, Fujiwara M, Yoshimura M, Ando Y, Kurashima M, Kinoshita C, Yoshioka M. [Clinical study of levofloxacin 500 mg qd in the treatment of cervicitis and intrauterine infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis]. Jpn J Antibiot 2011; 64:217-229. [PMID: 22066346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy and safety of levofloxacin (LVFX) 500mg qd were evaluated in female patients with cervicitis with Chlamydia trachomatis and intrauterine infections. LVFX was administered orally at 500 mg qd for 7 days. Bacteriological efficacy was 94.4% (17/18) and clinical efficacy was 100% (16/16) at 14 to 21 days after the end of treatment in cervicitis. On the other hand, bacteriological efficacy and clinical efficacy at the end of treatment in intrauterine infections were 68.8% (11/16) and 94.7% (18/19), respectively. For safety, adverse drug reactions occurred in 9 of 43 patients (20.9%), i.e., increased y-GTP in 2 patients, glucose urine present in 2, and each of all other adverse reactions occurred in 1. All adverse drug reactions observed were either mild or moderate. Results suggested that LVFX 500 mg qd was effective and safe in the treatment of cervicitis with Chlamydia trachomatis and intrauterine infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Graduate School of Medicine
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41
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Timoney PJ. HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Contagious equine metritis: An insidious threat to the horse breeding industry in the United States1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:1552-60. [PMID: 20889687 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P J Timoney
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KS 40546-0099, USA.
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42
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Wallet F, Lunel A, Cassar E, Tassin C, Lieutaud T, Golfier F, Piriou V. [An unusual endometritis]. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2011; 40:166-168. [PMID: 20926206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of pyometra without any related risk factor. This leads to a severe septic shock. Evolution was successful because of quick surgical management. We report literature management of such infection. Although pyometra is an uncommon disease, it should be kept in mind as delayed management may lead to fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wallet
- Service d'anesthésie réanimation médicale et chirurgicale, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex, France.
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43
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Abstract
In this Journal feature, information about a real patient is presented in stages (boldface type) to an expert clinician, who responds to the information, sharing his or her reasoning with the reader (regular type). The authors’ commentary follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H Levison
- Clinical Pathological Conference Series, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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44
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Ross JJ, Levison JH, Barbieri RL. Interactive medical case. Hard to conceive. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:e11. [PMID: 20842776 DOI: 10.1056/nejmimc1000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Hao Y, Senn T, Opp J, Young VB, Thiele T, Srinivas G, Huang SK, Aronoff DM. Lethal toxin is a critical determinant of rapid mortality in rodent models of Clostridium sordellii endometritis. Anaerobe 2010; 16:155-60. [PMID: 19527792 PMCID: PMC2856776 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The toxigenic anaerobe Clostridium sordellii is an uncommon but highly lethal cause of human infection and toxic shock syndrome, yet few studies have addressed its pathogenetic mechanisms. To better characterize the microbial determinants of rapid death from infection both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to compare a clinical strain of C. sordellii (DA-108), isolated from a patient who survived a disseminated infection unaccompanied by toxic shock syndrome, to a virulent reference strain (ATCC9714). Rodent models of endometrial and peritoneal infection with C. sordellii ATCC9714 were rapidly lethal, while infections with DA-108 were not. Extensive genetic and functional comparisons of virulence factor and toxin expression between these two bacterial strains yielded many similarities, with the noted exception that strain DA-108 lacked the tcsL gene, which encodes the large clostridial glucosyltransferase enzyme lethal toxin (TcsL). The targeted removal by immunoprecipitation of TcsL protected animals from death following injection of crude culture supernatants from strain ATCC9714. Injections of a monoclonal anti-TcsL IgG protected animals from death during C. sordellii ATCC9714 infection, suggesting that such an approach might improve the treatment of patients with C. sordellii-induced toxic shock syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibai Hao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tennille Senn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Judy Opp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincent B. Young
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Teri Thiele
- United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Biologics, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Geetha Srinivas
- United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Veterinary Biologics, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Steven K. Huang
- Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sheldon IM, Rycroft AN, Dogan B, Craven M, Bromfield JJ, Chandler A, Roberts MH, Price SB, Gilbert RO, Simpson KW. Specific strains of Escherichia coli are pathogenic for the endometrium of cattle and cause pelvic inflammatory disease in cattle and mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9192. [PMID: 20169203 PMCID: PMC2820550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli are widespread in the environment and pathogenic strains cause diseases of mucosal surfaces including the female genital tract. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID; metritis) or endometritis affects ∼40% of cattle after parturition. We tested the expectation that multiple genetically diverse E. coli from the environment opportunistically contaminate the uterine lumen after parturition to establish PID. Methodology/Principal Findings Distinct clonal groups of E. coli were identified by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) from animals with uterine disease and these differed from known diarrhoeic or extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli. The endometrial pathogenic E. coli (EnPEC) were more adherent and invasive for endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, compared with E. coli isolated from the uterus of clinically unaffected animals. The endometrial epithelial and stromal cells produced more prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-8 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purified from EnPEC compared with non-pathogenic E. coli. The EnPEC or their LPS also caused PID when infused into the uterus of mice with accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the endometrium. Infusion of EnPEC was only associated with bacterial invasion of the endometrium and myometrium. Despite their ability to invade cultured cells, elicit host cell responses and establish PID, EnPEC lacked sixteen genes commonly associated with adhesion and invasion by enteric or extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, though the ferric yersiniabactin uptake gene (fyuA) was present in PID-associated EnPEC. Endometrial epithelial or stromal cells from wild type but not Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) null mice secreted prostaglandin E2 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) in response to LPS from EnPEC, highlighting the key role of LPS in PID. Conclusions/Significance The implication arising from the discovery of EnPEC is that development of treatments or vaccines for PID should focus specifically on EnPEC and not other strains of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom.
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Kurganov SA. [Uterine eosinophils and infertility in the rat]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2010; 96:138-146. [PMID: 20432721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Uterine horn and adnexa structure have been studied with morphologic and morphometric methods in rats on the 10th day after infection of Staphylococcus aureus culture and in rats who became sterile after inflammatory survival. The even-aged intact female rats were used as control. The study demonstrates that nonbearing rats served the fertilization ability, but in genitals the signs of different degree indolent chronic inflammatory process have been observed. Endometrial inability to incorporate the embryonated egg may be determined by complex disturbances, the main of them being the dense eosinophilic infiltration of uterine wall and pathological cell interrelations in endometrium. The insufficient tissue drainage impaired the situation and caused the accumulation of toxic and antigenic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gatongi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.
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Glukhova EV, Cherkasov SV, Sgibnev AV, Bukharin OV. [Characteristics of microecological disturbances during endometritis]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2009:93-96. [PMID: 19715212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the state of vaginal microbiocenosis in women with endometritis and to assess association between microecological disturbances and characteristic of clinical course of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred women of childbearing age with endometritis were studied, of which 83 had acute form of the disease, and 117 - chronic form. Control group was comprised by 30 clinically healthy women. Antilysozyme, anticomplement, and antilactoferrin activities were determined in isolated and identified microorganisms. Microecological disturbances in vaginal biotope were determined applying criteria proposed by Sokolova K.Ya. et al. and Amsel R. et al. RESULTS Microecological disturbances in vaginal biotope were revealed on women with endometritis - in particular, bacterial vaginosis, deficiency of dominant microflora (lactobacilli), and the presence of associate microorganisms with clearly expressed persistence characteristics. On the background of microecological disturbances course of endometritis was characterized by high rate of relapses and reduction of remission period. CONCLUSION Association of endometritis with different types of dysbiotic states of vaginal biotope could be used for prediction of the disease course as well as for correction of microecological disturbances during treatment of endometritis.
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Abstract
Endometritis is a common cause of infertility in broodmares. In the past, the condition was believed to be exclusively the result of bacterial contamination of the uterus. Treatment strategies were focused on preventing bacteria from entering the uterus and on treating mares with signs of endometritis with antibiotics. More recent research on uterine defense mechanisms has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of equine endometritis. Additional causative agents have been identified, and we have learned to separate uterine infections and a physiologic breeding-induced endometritis resulting from uterine exposure to semen.vi
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats H T Troedsson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0136, USA.
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