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Feng W, Liu CJ, Wang L, Zhang C. An optical clearing imaging window: Realization of mouse brain imaging and manipulation through scalp and skull. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:2105-2119. [PMID: 36999642 PMCID: PMC10925863 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231167729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Cortical visualization is essential to understand the dynamic changes in brain microenvironment under physiopathological conditions. However, the turbid scalp and skull severely limit the imaging depth and resolution. Existing cranial windows require invasive scalp excision and various subsequent skull treatments. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of skull bone marrow, meninges, and cortex through scalp and skull with high resolution yet remains a challenge. In this work, a non-invasive trans-scalp/skull optical clearing imaging window is proposed for cortical and calvarial imaging, which is achieved by applying a novel skin optical clearing reagent. The imaging depth and resolution are greatly enhanced in near infrared imaging and optical coherence tomography imaging. Combining this imaging window with adaptive optics, we achieve the visualization and manipulation of the calvarial and cortical microenvironment through the scalp and skull using two-photon imaging for the first time. Our method provides a well-performed imaging window and paves the way for intravital brain studies with the advantages of easy-operation, convenience and non-invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chun-jie Liu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisi Wang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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2
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Wang F, He M, Huang B, Tang T, Liu F, Cui R, Qian J, Zhang M, Sun T. Band Gap Engineering Improves Three-Photon Luminescence of Quantum Dots for Deep Brain Imaging. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37438258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-photon fluorescence microscopy (3PFM) has emerged as a promising tool in monitoring the structures and functions of the brain. Compared to the various imaging technologies, 3PFM enables a deep-penetrating depth attributed to tighter excitation confinement and suppressed photon scattering. However, the shortage of three-photon probes with a large absorption cross section (σ3) substantially limits its uses. Herein, CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with enhanced 3PF performance were synthesized via the band gap engineering strategy. The introduction of a CdS interlayer with optimized thickness between the emitting CdSe core and the ZnS shell significantly enhanced the 3P absorption cross section of QDs, which originated from the intrinsic piezoelectric polarization effect and the change of the core/shell structure from type-I to quasi-type-II. In addition, the outer ZnS layer compensated the poor electronic passivation of CdS, providing a high level of passivation for the improvement of quantum yield as well as the 3P action cross section of QDs. Under the excitation of a 1600 nm femtosecond laser, PEGylated CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs were used for in vivo 3PFM imaging of cerebral vessels with high resolution. A tiny capillary with a diameter of 0.8 μm could be resolved at the imaging depth of 1550 μm in a mouse brain with an opened skull. A penetration depth of 850 μm beneath the skull was also achieved using a mouse model with an intact skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mubin He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ran Cui
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhan YJ, Zhang SW, Zhu S, Jiang N. Tissue Clearing and Its Application in the Musculoskeletal System. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1739-1758. [PMID: 36687066 PMCID: PMC9850472 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is an integral part of the human body. Currently, most skeletal muscle research is conducted through conventional histological sections due to technological limitations and the structure of skeletal muscles. For studying and observing bones and muscles, there is an urgent need for three-dimensional, objective imaging technologies. Optical tissue-clearing technologies seem to offer a novel and accessible approach to research of the musculoskeletal system. Using this approach, the components which cause refraction or prevent light from penetrating into the tissue are physically and chemically eliminated; then the liquid in the tissue is replaced with high-refractive-index chemicals. This innovative method, which allows three-dimensional reconstruction at the cellular and subcellular scale, significantly improves imaging depth and resolution. Nonetheless, this technology was not originally developed to image bones or muscles. When compared with brain and nerve organs which have attracted considerable attention in this field, the musculoskeletal system contains fewer lipids and has high levels of hemoglobin, collagen fibers, and inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals. Currently, three-dimensional imaging methods are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal and muscular illnesses. In this regard, it is vitally important to review and evaluate the optical tissue-clearing technologies currently employed in the musculoskeletal system, so that researchers may make an informed decision. In the meantime, this study offers guidelines and recommendations for expanding the use of this technology in the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jing Zhan
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shi-Wen Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - SongSong Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center
for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West
China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Xu C. Optical clearing of the mouse skull. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:284. [PMID: 36175405 PMCID: PMC9522800 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High spatial resolution imaging of the mouse brain through the intact skull is challenging because of the skull-induced aberration and scattering. The research group of Dan Zhu from Huazhong University of Science and Technology has developed a skull-clearing technique that provides a long-term (~ weeks), stable, transparent window for high resolution optical imaging over a large field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Hu Z, Li D, Zhong X, Li Y, Xuan A, Yu T, Zhu J, Zhu D. In vivo tissue optical clearing assisted through-skull targeted photothrombotic ischemic stroke model in mice. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:065001. [PMID: 35676747 PMCID: PMC9174889 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.6.065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photothrombotic stroke is an important and widely used model for ischemic stroke research. However, the significant scattering of the skull during the procedure limits the light's ability to penetrate and focus on its target. Targeted photothrombosis uses surgery-based skull windows to obtain optical access to the brain, but it renders the brain's environment unnatural even before a stroke is established. AIM To establish a targeted, controllable ischemic stroke model in mice through an intact skull. APPROACH The in vivo skull optical clearing technique provides a craniotomy-free "optical window" that allows light to penetrate. Alongside the local photodynamic effect, we have established targeted photothrombosis without skull removal, effectively controlling the degree of thrombotic occlusion by changing the light dose. RESULTS Ex vivo and in vivo results demonstrated that skull optical clearing treatment significantly enhanced light's ability to penetrate the skull and focus on its target, contributing to thrombotic occlusion. The skull optical clearing window was also used for continuous blood flow mapping, and the relationship between light dose and injury degree was evaluated over 14 days of monitoring. Per our findings, increasing the light dose was accompanied by more severe infarction, indicating that the model was easily controllable. CONCLUSIONS Herein, a targeted, controllable ischemic stroke model was established by combinedly running an in vivo skull optical clearing technique and a photothrombotic procedure, avoiding unnecessary damage or environmental changes to the brain caused by surgery on the skull. Our established model should offer significant value to research on ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwu Hu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, China
| | - Yusha Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, China
| | - Ang Xuan
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, China
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Zhang C, Liu C, Feng W. A Long-Term Clearing Cranial Window for Longitudinal Imaging of Cortical and Calvarial Ischemic Injury through the Intact Skull. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105893. [PMID: 35396810 PMCID: PMC9189679 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Skull is a reservoir for supplying immune cells that mediate brain immune surveillance. However, during intravital optical imaging of brain, conventional cranial windows requiring skull thinning or removal disrupt brain immunity integrity. Here, a novel long-term clearing cranial window (LCCW) based on the intact skull, dedicated to chronic skull transparency maintenance, is proposed. It significantly improves optical imaging resolution and depth, by which the cortical and calvarial vascular injury and regeneration processes after ischemic injury are longitudinally monitored in awake mice. Results show that calvarial blood vessels recover earlier than the cortex. And the transcriptome analysis reveals that gene expression patterns and immune cells abundances exist substantial differences between brain and skull after ischemic injury, which may be one of the causes for the time lag between their vascular recovery. These findings bring great enlightenment to vascular regeneration and reconstruction. Moreover, LCCW provides a minimally invasive approach for imaging the brain and skull bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical MedicineCentral People's Hospital of ZhanjiangZhanjiangGuangdong524045China
- Zhanjiang Central HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong524045China
| | - Chun‐Jie Liu
- Center for Computational and Genomic MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical MedicineCentral People's Hospital of ZhanjiangZhanjiangGuangdong524045China
- Zhanjiang Central HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong524045China
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7
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Li D, Deng L, Hu Z, Li Y, Yu T, Zhong X, Zhu J, Zhu D. Optical clearing imaging assisted evaluation of urokinase thrombolytic therapy on cerebral vessels with different sizes. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3243-3258. [PMID: 35781944 PMCID: PMC9208601 DOI: 10.1364/boe.457912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by occlusion of the blood vessels in the brain, where intravenous thrombolytic therapy is the most effective treatment. Urokinase is a commonly used drug for intravenous thrombolytic therapy, while the effect of vessel size has not been thoroughly studied on urokinase. In this work, using the thrombin-combined photothrombosis model and craniotomy-free skull optical clearing window, we studied the recanalization of different cortical vessels after urokinase treatment. The results demonstrated that, compared to small vessels in distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and large MCA, urokinase has the best therapeutic effect on secondary branches of MCA. This study holds potential to provide references for the clinical applications of urokinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhengwu Hu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yusha Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
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Li DY, Xia Q, Yu TT, Zhu JT, Zhu D. Transmissive-detected laser speckle contrast imaging for blood flow monitoring in thick tissue: from Monte Carlo simulation to experimental demonstration. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:241. [PMID: 34862369 PMCID: PMC8642418 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful tool to monitor blood flow distribution and has been widely used in studies of microcirculation, both for animal and clinical applications. Conventionally, LSCI usually works on reflective-detected mode. However, it could provide promising temporal and spatial resolution for in vivo applications only with the assistance of various tissue windows, otherwise, the overlarge superficial static speckle would extremely limit its contrast and resolution. Here, we systematically investigated the capability of transmissive-detected LSCI (TR-LSCI) for blood flow monitoring in thick tissue. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we theoretically compared the performance of transmissive and reflective detection. It was found that the reflective-detected mode was better when the target layer was at the very surface, but the imaging quality would rapidly decrease with imaging depth, while the transmissive-detected mode could obtain a much stronger signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for thick tissue. We further proved by tissue phantom, animal, and human experiments that in a certain thickness of tissue, TR-LSCI showed remarkably better performance for thick-tissue imaging, and the imaging quality would be further improved if the use of longer wavelengths of near-infrared light. Therefore, both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that TR-LSCI is capable of obtaining thick-tissue blood flow information and holds great potential in the field of microcirculation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Tan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Zhu J, Liu X, Deng Y, Li D, Yu T, Zhu D. Tissue optical clearing for 3D visualization of vascular networks: A review. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106905. [PMID: 34506969 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of the vasculature of intact tissues/organs down to the capillary level is essential for understanding the development and remodeling of vascular networks under physiological and pathological conditions. Optical imaging techniques can provide sufficient resolution to distinguish small vessels with several microns, but the imaging depth is somewhat limited due to the high light scattering of opaque tissue. Recently, various tissue optical clearing methods have been developed to overcome light attenuation and improve the imaging depth both for ex-vivo and in-vivo visualizations. Tissue clearing combined with vessel labeling techniques and advanced optical tomography enables successful mapping of the vasculature of different tissues/organs, as well as dynamically monitoring vessel function under normal and pathological conditions. Here, we briefly introduce the commonly-used labeling strategies for entire vascular networks, the current tissue optical clearing techniques available for various tissues, as well as the advanced optical imaging techniques for fast, high-resolution structural and functional imaging for blood vessels. We also discuss the applications of these techniques in the 3D visualization of vascular networks in normal tissues, and the vascular remodeling in several typical pathological models in clinical research. This review is expected to provide valuable insights for researchers to study the potential mechanisms of various vessel-associated diseases using tissue optical clearing pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yating Deng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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