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Yang Y, Kulkarni A, Soraru GD, Pearce JM, Motta A. 3D Printed SiOC(N) Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: Improved Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413676. [PMID: 34948473 PMCID: PMC8706922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has developed significantly in recent years as there has been increasing demand for bone substitutes due to trauma, cancer, arthritis, and infections. The scaffolds for bone regeneration need to be mechanically stable and have a 3D architecture with interconnected pores. With the advances in additive manufacturing technology, these requirements can be fulfilled by 3D printing scaffolds with controlled geometry and porosity using a low-cost multistep process. The scaffolds, however, must also be bioactive to promote the environment for the cells to regenerate into bone tissue. To determine if a low-cost 3D printing method for bespoke SiOC(N) porous structures can regenerate bone, these structures were tested for osteointegration potential by using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). This includes checking the general biocompatibilities under the osteogenic differentiation environment (cell proliferation and metabolism). Moreover, cell morphology was observed by confocal microscopy, and gene expressions on typical osteogenic markers at different stages for bone formation were determined by real-time PCR. The results of the study showed the pore size of the scaffolds had a significant impact on differentiation. A certain range of pore size could stimulate osteogenic differentiation, thus promoting bone regrowth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Yang
- BIOtech, Center for Biomedical Technologies, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Apoorv Kulkarni
- Glass & Ceramics Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommerive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Gian Domenico Soraru
- Glass & Ceramics Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommerive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Joshua M. Pearce
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech, Center for Biomedical Technologies, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
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2
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Wang JK, Çimenoğlu Ç, Cheam NMJ, Hu X, Tay CY. Sustainable aquaculture side-streams derived hybrid biocomposite for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112104. [PMID: 34082928 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a rich source of bioactive compounds, the current exploitation of aquatic biomass is insufficient. Majority of the aquaculture industry side-streams are currently used for low-value purposes such as animal feed or composting material, with low economical returns. To maximize resource reuse and minimize waste generation, valorization efforts should be augmented with the aim to produce high-value products. Herein, we present a novel aquaculture wastes-derived multi-scale osteoconductive hybrid biocomposite that is composed of chemically crosslinked American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) skin-derived type I tropocollagen nanofibrils (~22.3 nm) network and functionalized with micronized (~1.6 μm) single-phase hydroxyapatite (HA) from discarded snakehead (Channa micropeltes) fish scales. The bioengineered construct is biocompatible, highly porous (>90%), and exhibits excellent osteoconductive properties, as indicated by robust adhesion and proliferation of human fetal osteoblastic 1.19 cell line (hFOB 1.19). Furthermore, increased expression level of osteo-related ALPL and BGLAP mRNA transcripts, as well as enhanced osteocalcin immunoreactivity and increasing Alizarin red S staining coverage on the hybrid biocomposite was observed over 21 days of culture. Collectively, the devised "waste-to-resource" platform represents a sustainable waste valorization strategy that is amendable for advanced bone repair and regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kit Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Çiğdem Çimenoğlu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nicole Mein Ji Cheam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore.
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3
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Bavya Devi K, Nandi SK, Roy M. Magnesium Silicate Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration: A Review. J Indian Inst Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-019-00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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4
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Krishnamurithy G, Mohan S, Yahya NA, Mansor A, Murali MR, Raghavendran HRB, Choudhary R, Sasikumar S, Kamarul T. The physicochemical and biomechanical profile of forsterite and its osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214212. [PMID: 30917166 PMCID: PMC6436741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that nanocrystalline forsterite powder synthesised using urea as a fuel in sol-gel combustion method had produced a pure forsterite (FU) and possessed superior bioactive characteristics such as bone apatite formation and antibacterial properties. In the present study, 3D-scaffold was fabricated using nanocrystalline forsterite powder in polymer sponge method. The FU scaffold was used in investigating the physicochemical, biomechanics, cell attachment, in vitro biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation properties. For physicochemical characterisation, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectrometer (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were used. FTIR, EDX, XRD peaks and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated correlating to FU. The XPS confirmed the surface chemistry associating to FU. The BET revealed FU scaffold surface area of 12.67 m2/g and total pore size of 0.03 cm3/g. Compressive strength of the FU scaffold was found to be 27.18 ± 13.4 MPa. The human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) characterisation prior to perform seeding on FU scaffold verified the stromal cell phenotypic and lineage commitments. SEM, confocal images and presto blue viability assay suggested good cell attachment and proliferation of hBMSCs on FU scaffold and comparable to a commercial bone substitutes (cBS). Osteogenic proteins and gene expression from day 7 onward indicated FU scaffold had a significant osteogenic potential (p<0.05), when compared with day 1 as well as between FU and cBS. These findings suggest that FU scaffold has a greater potential for use in orthopaedic and/or orthodontic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genasan Krishnamurithy
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: , , (GK); (TK)
| | - Saktiswaren Mohan
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azlin Yahya
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Mansor
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Malliga Raman Murali
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanumantha Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajan Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swamiappan Sasikumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: , , (GK); (TK)
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Pourreza E, Alshemary AZ, Yilmaz B, Rad RM, Tezcaner A, Evis Z. Strontium and fluorine co-doped biphasic calcium phosphate: characterization and
in vitro
cytocompatibility analysis. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa768c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Müller M, Urban B, Vehlow D, Möller M. Adjusting and switching the elution of bone therapeutics from thermoaddressable coatings of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/ethylenediaminocellulose complex particles. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Anitha A, Joseph J, Menon D, Nair SV, Nair MB. Electrospun Yarn Reinforced NanoHA Composite Matrix as a Potential Bone Substitute for Enhanced Regeneration of Segmental Defects. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:345-358. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Anitha
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
| | - Deepthy Menon
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
| | - Shantikumar V. Nair
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
| | - Manitha B. Nair
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, India
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8
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Wei JQ, Liu Y, Zhang XH, Liang WW, Zhou TF, Zhang H, Deng XL. Enhanced critical-sized bone defect repair efficiency by combining deproteinized antler cancellous bone and autologous BMSCs. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Maiti SK, Ninu AR, Sangeetha P, Mathew DD, Tamilmahan P, Kritaniya D, Kumar N, Hescheler J. Mesenchymal stem cells-seeded bio-ceramic construct for bone regeneration in large critical-size bone defect in rabbit. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2016. [PMID: 28096633 PMCID: PMC5227108 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1202013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) represent an attractive cell population for tissue engineering purpose. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) to a silica-coated calcium hydroxyapatite (HASi) - rabbit bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (rBMSC) construct promoted bone healing in a large segmental bone defect beyond standard critical -size radial defects (15mm) in rabbits. An extensively large 30mm long radial ostectomy was performed unilaterally in thirty rabbits divided equally in five groups. Defects were filled with a HASi scaffold only (group B); HASi scaffold seeded with rBMSC (group C); HASi scaffold seeded with rBMSC along with rhBMP-2 and IGF-1 in groups D and E respectively. The same number of rBMSC (five million cells) and concentration of growth factors rhBMP-2 (50µg) and IGF-1 (50µg) was again injected at the site of bone defect after 15 days of surgery in their respective groups. An empty defect served as the control group (group A). Radiographically, bone healing was evaluated at 7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days post implantation. Histological qualitative analysis with microCT (µ-CT), haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Masson’s trichrome staining were performed 90 days after implantation. All rhBMP-2-added constructs induced the formation of well-differentiated mineralized woven bone surrounding the HASi scaffolds and bridging bone/implant interfaces as early as eight weeks after surgery. Bone regeneration appeared to develop earlier with the rhBMP-2 constructs than with the IGF-1 added construct. Constructs without any rhBMP-2 or IGF-1 showed osteoconductive properties limited to the bone junctions without bone ingrowths within the implantation site. In conclusion, the addition of rhBMP-2 to a HASi scaffold could promote bone generation in a large critical-size-defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Principal Scientist, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Ajantha Ravindran Ninu
- Ph.D Scholars, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Palakkara Sangeetha
- Ph.D Scholars, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Dayamon D Mathew
- Ph.D Scholars, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Paramasivam Tamilmahan
- Ph.D Scholars, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Kritaniya
- Senior Research Fellow, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Principal Scientist, Surgery Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar-Pradesh, India
| | - Jurgen Hescheler
- Director, Institute of Neurophysiology, Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Strasse 39, D-50931, Köln, Germany
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10
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Petzold R, Vehlow D, Urban B, Grab AL, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Alt V, Müller M. Colloid, adhesive and release properties of nanoparticular ternary complexes between cationic and anionic polysaccharides and basic proteins like bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 151:58-67. [PMID: 27984825 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe an interfacial local drug delivery system for bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) based on coatings of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles (NP). The application horizon is the functionalization of bone substituting materials (BSM) used for the therapy of systemic bone diseases. Nanoparticular ternary complexes of cationic and anionic polysaccharides and BMP-2 or two further model proteins, respectively, were prepared in dependence of the molar mixing ratio, pH value and of the cationic polysaccharide. As further proteins chymotrypsin (CHY) and papain (PAP) were selected, which served as model proteins for BMP-2 due to similar isoelectric points and molecular weights. As charged polysaccharides ethylenediamine modified cellulose (EDAC) and trimethylammonium modified cellulose (PQ10) were combined with cellulose sulphatesulfate (CS). Mixing diluted cationic and anionic polysaccharide and protein solutions according to a slight either anionic or cationic excess charge colloidal ternary dispersions formed, which were cast onto germanium model substrates by water evaporation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated, that these dispersions were colloidally stable for at least one week. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed, that the cast protein loaded PEC NP coatings were irreversibly adhesive at the model substrate in contact to HEPES buffer and solely CHY, PAP and BMP-2 were released within long-term time scale. Advantageously, out of the three proteins BMP-2 showed the smallest initial burst and the slowest release kinetics and around 25% of the initial BMP-2 content were released within 14days. Released BMP-2 showed significant activity in the myoblast cells indicating the ability to regulate the formation of new bone. Therefore, BMP-2 loaded PEC NP are suggested as novel promising tool for the functionalization of BSM used for the therapy of systemic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Petzold
- Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Vehlow
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Abt. Polyelektrolyte und Dispersionen, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Urban
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Abt. Polyelektrolyte und Dispersionen, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A L Grab
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Abt. Biophysikalische Chemie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E A Cavalcanti-Adam
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Abt. Biophysikalische Chemie, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Abt. Zelluläre Biophysik, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Alt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Straße 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Abt. Polyelektrolyte und Dispersionen, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Silva-Bermudez P, Almaguer-Flores A, Garcia VI, Olivares-Navarrete R, Rodil SE. Enhancing the osteoblastic differentiation through nanoscale surface modifications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:498-509. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Silva-Bermudez
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación; Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos; Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe México D.F. 14389 México
| | - Argelia Almaguer-Flores
- Facultad de Odontología, Unidad de Posgrado; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F. 04510 México
| | - Victor I. Garcia
- Facultad de Odontología, Unidad de Posgrado; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F. 04510 México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23284
| | - Sandra E. Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria México D.F. 04510 México
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12
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Jain KG, Mohanty S, Ray AR, Malhotra R, Airan B. Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142:747-58. [PMID: 26831424 PMCID: PMC4774072 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.174568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. The field of tissue engineering has emerged with a goal to provide alternative sources for transplantations to bridge this gap between the need and lack of bone graft. The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. Methods: Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. Results: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. Materials were tested under compressive load in wet condition (using phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4). The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. Interpretation & conclusions: Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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13
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Viti F, Landini M, Mezzelani A, Petecchia L, Milanesi L, Scaglione S. Osteogenic Differentiation of MSC through Calcium Signaling Activation: Transcriptomics and Functional Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148173. [PMID: 26828589 PMCID: PMC4734718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture of progenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) onto osteoconductive materials to induce a proper osteogenic differentiation and mineralized matrix regeneration represents a promising and widely diffused experimental approach for tissue-engineering (TE) applications in orthopaedics. Among modern biomaterials, calcium phosphates represent the best bone substitutes, due to their chemical features emulating the mineral phase of bone tissue. Although many studies on stem cells differentiation mechanisms have been performed involving calcium-based scaffolds, results often focus on highlighting production of in vitro bone matrix markers and in vivo tissue ingrowth, while information related to the biomolecular mechanisms involved in the early cellular calcium-mediated differentiation is not well elucidated yet. Genetic programs for osteogenesis have been just partially deciphered, and the description of the different molecules and pathways operative in these differentiations is far from complete, as well as the activity of calcium in this process. The present work aims to shed light on the involvement of extracellular calcium in MSC differentiation: a better understanding of the early stage osteogenic differentiation program of MSC seeded on calcium-based biomaterials is required in order to develop optimal strategies to promote osteogenesis through the use of new generation osteoconductive scaffolds. A wide spectrum of analysis has been performed on time-dependent series: gene expression profiles are obtained from samples (MSC seeded on calcium-based scaffolds), together with related microRNAs expression and in vivo functional validation. On this basis, and relying on literature knowledge, hypotheses are made on the biomolecular players activated by the biomaterial calcium-phosphate component. Interestingly, a key role of miR-138 was highlighted, whose inhibition markedly increases osteogenic differentiation in vitro and enhance ectopic bone formation in vivo. Moreover, there is evidence that Ca-P substrate triggers osteogenic differentiation through genes (SMAD and RAS family) that are typically regulated during dexamethasone (DEX) induced differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Viti
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Martina Landini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Alessandra Mezzelani
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | | | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate (Mi), Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglione
- Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
- Advanced Biotechnology Center (CBA), Genoa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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14
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Wei J, Xu M, Zhang X, Meng S, Wang Y, Zhou T, Ma Q, Han B, Wei Y, Deng X. Enhanced Osteogenic Behavior of ADSCs Produced by Deproteinized Antler Cancellous Bone and Evidence for Involvement of ERK Signaling Pathway. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1810-21. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Meng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuanfeng Zhou
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ma
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Drug delivery and cell interaction of adhesive poly(ethyleneimine)/sulfated polysaccharide complex particle films. Biointerphases 2015; 10:011001. [PMID: 25708630 DOI: 10.1116/1.4913195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the authors report and review polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with zoledronate (ZOL) and simvastatin and their effects on bone cells. PEC NPs are intended for modification of bone substitute materials. For characterization, they can be solution casted on germanium (Ge) substrates serving as analytically accessible model substrate. PEC NPs were generated by mixing poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) either with linear cellulose sulfate (CS) or with branched dextransulfate (DS). Four important requirements for drug loaded PEC NPs and their films are addressed herein, which are the colloidal stability of PEC dispersions (1), interfacial stability (2), cytocompatibility (3), and retarded drug release (4). Dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS) showed that both PEI/CS and PEI/DS PEC NP were obtained with hydrodynamic radii in the range of 35-170 nm and were colloidally stable up to several months. Transmission FTIR spectroscopy evidenced that films of both systems were stable in contact to the release medium up to several days. ZOL-loaded PEI/CS nanoparticles, which were immobilized on an osteoblast-derived extracellular matrix, reduced significantly the resorption and the metabolic activity of human monocyte-derived osteoclasts. FTIR spectroscopy at cast PEC/drug films at Ge substrates revealed retarded drug releases in comparison to the pure drug films.
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16
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17
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Bernhardt A, Dittrich R, Lode A, Despang F, Gelinsky M. Nanocrystalline spherical hydroxyapatite granules for bone repair: in vitro evaluation with osteoblast-like cells and osteoclasts. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1755-1766. [PMID: 23625348 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Conventionally sintered hydroxyapatite-based materials for bone repair show poor resorbability due to the loss of nanocrystallinity. The present study describes a method to establish nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite granules. The material was prepared by ionotropic gelation of an alginate sol containing hydroxyapatite (HA) powder. Subsequent thermal elimination of alginate at 650 °C yielded non-sintered, but unexpectedly stable hydroxyapatite granules. By adding stearic acid as an organic filler to the alginate/HA suspension, the granules exhibited macropores after thermal treatment. A third type of material was achieved by additional coating of the granules with silica particles. Microstructure and specific surface area of the different materials were characterized in comparison to the already established granular calcium phosphate material Cerasorb M(®). Cytocompatibility and potential for bone regeneration of the materials was evaluated by in vitro examinations with osteosarcoma cells and osteoclasts. Osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells proliferated on all examined materials and showed the typical increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity during cultivation. Expression of bone-related genes coding for ALP, osteonectin, osteopontin, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein II on the materials was proven by RT-PCR. Human monocytes were seeded onto the different granules and osteoclastogenesis was examined by activity measurement of tartrate-specific acid phosphatase (TRAP). Gene expression analysis after 23 days of cultivation revealed an increased expression of osteoclast-related genes TRAP, vitronectin receptor and cathepsin K, which was on the same level for all examined materials. These results indicate, that the nanocrystalline granular materials are of clinical interest, especially for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty of Technische Universität Dresden and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscher Str. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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18
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Nikom J, Charoonpatrapong-Panyayong K, Kedjarune-Leggat U, Stevens R, Kosachan N, Jaroenworaluck A. 3D interconnected porous HA scaffolds with SiO2 additions: effect of SiO2 content and macropore size on the viability of human osteoblast cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2295-305. [PMID: 23355495 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
3D interconnected porous scaffolds of HA and HA with various additions of SiO2 were fabricated using a polymeric template technique, to make bioceramic scaffolds consisting of macrostructures of the interconnected macropores. Three different sizes of the polyurethane template were used in the fabrication process to form different size interconnected macropores, to study the effect of pore size on human osteoblast cell viability. The template used allowed fabrication of scaffolds with pore sizes of 45, 60, and 75 ppi, respectively. Scanning microscopy was used extensively to observe the microstructure of the sintered samples and the characteristics of cells growing on the HA surfaces of the interconnected macropores. It has been clearly demonstrated that the SiO2 addition has influenced both the phase transformation of HA to TCP (β-TCP and α-TCP) and also affected the human osteoblast cell viability grown on these scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaru Nikom
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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19
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Müller M, Keßler B. Release of pamidronate from poly(ethyleneimine)/cellulose sulphate complex nanoparticle films: An in situ ATR-FTIR study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 66:183-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Catalano PN, Bourguignon NS, Alvarez GS, Libertun C, Diaz LE, Desimone MF, Lux-Lantos V. Sol–gel immobilized ovarian follicles: collaboration between two different cell types in hormone production and secretion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30888f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Desimone MF, De Marzi MC, Alvarez GS, Mathov I, Diaz LE, Malchiodi EL. Production of monoclonal antibodies from hybridoma cells immobilized in 3D sol–gel silica matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Zhao L, Weir MD, Xu HHK. An injectable calcium phosphate-alginate hydrogel-umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell paste for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6502-10. [PMID: 20570346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for bone repair has increased as the population ages. Stem cell-scaffold approaches hold immense promise for bone tissue engineering. However, currently, preformed scaffolds for cell delivery have drawbacks including the difficulty to seed cells deep into the scaffold, and inability for injection in minimally-invasive surgeries. Current injectable polymeric carriers and hydrogels are too weak for load-bearing orthopedic applications. The objective of this study was to develop an injectable and mechanically-strong stem cell construct for bone tissue engineering. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) paste was combined with hydrogel microbeads encapsulating human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). The hUCMSC-encapsulating composite paste was fully injectable under small injection forces. Cell viability after injection matched that in hydrogel without CPC and without injection. Mechanical properties of the construct matched the reported values of cancellous bone, and were much higher than previous injectable polymeric and hydrogel carriers. hUCMSCs in the injectable constructs osteodifferentiated, yielding high alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, collagen type I, and osterix gene expressions at 7 d, which were 50-70 fold higher than those at 1 d. Mineralization by the hUCMSCs at 14 d was 100-fold that at 1 d. In conclusion, a fully injectable, mechanically-strong, stem cell-CPC scaffold construct was developed. The encapsulated hUCMSCs remained viable, osteodifferentiated, and synthesized bone minerals. The new injectable stem cell construct with load-bearing capability may enhance bone regeneration in minimally-invasive and other orthopedic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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23
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Weir MD, Xu HHK. Culture human mesenchymal stem cells with calcium phosphate cement scaffolds for bone repair. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 93:93-105. [PMID: 20091907 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because of its moldability and excellent osteoconductivity, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is highly promising for craniofacial and orthopedic applications. The objectives of this study were to investigate the response of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to a high-strength CPC-chitosan scaffold and to examine cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. hMSCs were seeded onto CPC-chitosan composite, CPC control, and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and mineralization of hMSCs were measured. CPC-chitosan had a flexural strength (mean + or - SD; n = 5) of (19.5 + or - 1.4) MPa, higher than (8.0 + or - 1.4) MPa of CPC control (p < 0.05). The percentage of live hMSCs on CPC-chitosan was (90.5 + or - 1.3)% at 8 days, matching (90.7 + or - 3.8)% of CPC control (p > 0.1). The CPC-chitosan surface area covered by the attached hMSCs increased from (51 + or - 11)% at 1 day to (90 + or - 4)% at 8 days (p < 0.05), matching those of CPC control (p > 0.1). Hence, the CPC strength was significantly increased via chitosan without compromising the hMSC response. At 8 days, there was a significant increase in ALP of cells in osteogenic media (10.99 + or - 0.93) [(mM pNpp/min)/(microg DNA)] versus control media (3.62 + or - 0.40) (p < 0.05). hMSCs in osteogenic media exhibited greater mineralization area of (47.5 + or - 19.7)% compared with (6.1 + or - 2.3)% in control medium on TCPS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, hMSCs showed excellent attachment and viability on the strong and tough CPC-chitosan scaffold, matching the hMSC response on CPC control. hMSCs were successfully differentiated down the osteogenic lineage. Hence, the strong, in situ hardening CPC-chitosan scaffold may be useful as a moderate load-bearing vehicle to deliver hMSCs for maxillofacial and orthopedic bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Nair MB, Varma H, Shenoy SJ, John A. Treatment of Goat Femur Segmental Defects with Silica-Coated Hydroxyapatite—One-Year Follow-Up. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:385-91. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manitha B. Nair
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, India
| | - Harikrishna Varma
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, India
| | - Sachin J. Shenoy
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, India
| | - Annie John
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, India
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