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Lalebeigi F, Alimohamadi A, Afarin S, Aliabadi HAM, Mahdavi M, Farahbakhshpour F, Hashemiaval N, Khandani KK, Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Maleki A. Recent advances on biomedical applications of gellan gum: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122008. [PMID: 38553201 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gellan gum (GG) has attracted considerable attention as a versatile biopolymer with numerous potential biological applications, especially in the fields of tissue engineering, wound healing, and cargo delivery. Due to its distinctive characteristics like biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, and gel-forming ability, GG is well-suited for these applications. This review focuses on recent research on GG-based hydrogels and biocomposites and their biomedical applications. It discusses the incorporation of GG into hydrogels for controlled drug release, its role in promoting wound healing processes, and its potential in tissue engineering for various tissues including bone, retina, cartilage, vascular, adipose, and cardiac tissue. It provides an in-depth analysis of the latest findings and advancements in these areas, making it a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Lalebeigi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Afarin
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farahbakhshpour
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neginsadat Hashemiaval
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kalantari Khandani
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
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2
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Rakshit P, Giri TK, Mukherjee K. Progresses and perspectives on natural polysaccharide based hydrogels for repair of infarcted myocardium. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132213. [PMID: 38729464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is serious health threat and impairs the quality of life. It is a major causative factor of morbidity and mortality. MI leads to the necrosis of cardio-myocytes, cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, eventually leading to heart failure. The limitations of conventional therapeutic and surgical interventions and lack of heart donors have necessitated the evolution of alternate treatment approaches for MI. Polysaccharide hydrogel based repair of infarcted myocardium have surfaced as viable option for MI treatment. Polysaccharide hydrogels may be injectable hydrogels or cardiac patches. Injectable hydrogels can in situ deliver cells and bio-actives, facilitating in situ cardiac regeneration and repair. Polysaccharide hydrogel cardiac patches reduce cardiac wall stress, and inhibit ventricular expansion and promote angiogenesis. Herein, we discuss about MI pathophysiology and myocardial microenvironment and how polysaccharide hydrogels are designed to mimic and support the microenvironment for cardiac repair. We also put forward the versatility of the different polysaccharide hydrogels in mimicking diverse cardiac properties, and acting as a medium for delivery of cells, and therapeutics for promoting angiogenesis and cardiac repair. The objectives of this review is to summarize the factors leading to MI and to put forward how polysaccharide based hydrogels promote cardiac repair. This review is written to enable researchers understand the factors promoting MI so that they can undertake and design novel hydrogels for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabita Rakshit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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3
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Vandishi AK, Esmaeili A, Taghipour N. The promising prospect of human hair follicle regeneration in the shadow of new tissue engineering strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102338. [PMID: 38428370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Hair loss disorder (alopecia) affects numerous people around the world. The low effectiveness and numerous side effects of common treatments have prompted researchers to investigate alternative and effective solutions. Hair follicle (HF) bioengineering is the knowledge of using hair-inductive (trichogenic) cells. Most bioengineering-based approaches focus on regenerating folliculogenesis through manipulation of regulators of physical/molecular properties in the HF niche. Despite the high potential of cell therapy, no cell product has been produced for effective treatment in the field of hair regeneration. This problem shows the challenges in the functionality of cultured human hair cells. To achieve this goal, research and development of new and practical approaches, technologies and biomaterials are needed. Based on recent advances in the field, this review evaluates emerging HF bioengineering strategies and the future prospects for the field of tissue engineering and successful HF regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Karami Vandishi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esmaeili
- Student Research Committee, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wu SH, Rethi L, Pan WY, Nguyen HT, Chuang AEY. Emerging horizons and prospects of polysaccharide-constructed gels in the realm of wound healing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113759. [PMID: 38280240 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, with the abundant availability, biodegradability, and inherent safety, offer a vast array of promising applications. Leveraging the remarkable attributes of polysaccharides, biomimetic and multifunctional hydrogels have emerged as a compelling avenue for efficacious wound dressing. The gels emulate the innate extracellular biomatrix as well as foster cellular proliferation. The distinctive structural compositions and profusion of functional groups within polysaccharides confer excellent physical/chemical traits as well as distinct restorative involvements. Gels crafted from polysaccharide matrixes serve as a robust defense against bacterial threats, effectively shielding wounds from harm. This comprehensive review delves into wound physiology, accentuating the significance of numerous polysaccharide-based gels in the wound healing context. The discourse encompasses an exploration of polysaccharide hydrogels tailored for diverse wound types, along with an examination of various therapeutic agents encapsulated within hydrogels to facilitate wound repair, incorporating recent patent developments. Within the scope of this manuscript, the perspective of these captivating gels for promoting optimal healing of wounds is vividly depicted. Nevertheless, the pursuit of knowledge remains ongoing, as further research is warranted to bioengineer progressive polysaccharide gels imbued with adaptable features. Such endeavors hold the promise of unlocking substantial potential within the realm of wound healing, propelling us toward multifaceted and sophisticated solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Han Wu
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lekshmi Rethi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph.D Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Pan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan; Ph.D Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
| | - Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Andrew E-Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph.D Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
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5
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Gill JK, Rehsia SK, Verma E, Sareen N, Dhingra S. Stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneration: past, present, and future. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:161-179. [PMID: 38226807 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac disorders remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Current clinical strategies, including drug therapy, surgical interventions, and organ transplantation offer limited benefits to patients without regenerating the damaged myocardium. Over the past decade, stem cell therapy has generated a keen interest owing to its unique self-renewal and immune privileged characteristics. Furthermore, the ability of stem cells to differentiate into specialized cell types, has made them a popular therapeutic tool against various diseases. This comprehensive review provides an overview of therapeutic potential of different types of stem cells in reference to cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it sheds light on the advantages and limitations associated with each cell type. An in-depth analysis of the challenges associated with stem cell research and the hurdles for its clinical translation and their possible solutions have also been elaborated upon. It examines the controversies surrounding embryonic stem cells and the emergence of alternative approaches, such as the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac therapeutic applications. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers involved in the field of regenerative medicine, guiding the development of safe and effective stem cell-based therapies to revolutionize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Kaur Gill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Sargun Kaur Rehsia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Elika Verma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Niketa Sareen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, R2H2A6, Canada
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Budharaju H, Chandrababu H, Zennifer A, Chellappan D, Sethuraman S, Sundaramurthi D. Tuning thermoresponsive properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-agarose composite bioinks to fabricate complex 3D constructs for regenerative medicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129443. [PMID: 38228200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting has emerged as a viable tool to fabricate 3D tissue constructs with high precision using various bioinks which offer instantaneous gelation, shape fidelity, and cytocompatibility. Among various bioinks, cellulose is the most abundantly available natural polymer & widely used as bioink for 3D bioprinting applications. To mitigate the demanding crosslinking needs of cellulose, it is frequently chemically modified or blended with other polymers to develop stable hydrogels. In this study, we have developed a thermoresponsive, composite bioink using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and agarose in different ratios (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5). Among the tested combinations, the 5:5 ratio showed better gel formation at 37 °C and were further characterized for physicochemical properties. Cytocompatibility was assessed by in vitro extract cytotoxicity assay (ISO 10993-5) using skin fibroblasts cells. CMC-agarose (5:5) bioink was successfully used to fabricate complex 3D structures through extrusion bioprinting and maintained over 80 % cell viability over seven days. Finally, in vivo studies using rat full-thickness wounds showed the potential of CMC-agarose bulk and bioprinted gels in promoting skin regeneration. These results indicate the cytocompatibility and suitability of CMC-agarose bioinks for tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Budharaju
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harini Chandrababu
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Allen Zennifer
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Davidraj Chellappan
- Central Animal Facility (CAF), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Mayorova OA, Saveleva MS, Bratashov DN, Prikhozhdenko ES. Combination of Machine Learning and Raman Spectroscopy for Determination of the Complex of Whey Protein Isolate with Hyaluronic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:666. [PMID: 38475349 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Macromolecules and their complexes remain interesting topics in various fields, such as targeted drug delivery and tissue regeneration. The complex chemical structure of such substances can be studied with a combination of Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. The complex of whey protein isolate (WPI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) is beneficial in terms of drug delivery. It provides HA properties with the stability obtained from WPI. However, differences between WPI-HA and WPI solutions can be difficult to detect by Raman spectroscopy. Especially when the low HA (0.1, 0.25, 0.5% w/v) and the constant WPI (5% w/v) concentrations are used. Before applying the machine learning techniques, all the collected data were divided into training and test sets in a ratio of 3:1. The performances of two ensemble methods, random forest (RF) and gradient boosting (GB), were evaluated on the Raman data, depending on the type of problem (regression or classification). The impact of noise reduction using principal component analysis (PCA) on the performance of the two machine learning methods was assessed. This procedure allowed us to reduce the number of features while retaining 95% of the explained variance in the data. Another application of these machine learning methods was to identify the WPI Raman bands that changed the most with the addition of HA. Both the RF and GB could provide feature importance data that could be plotted in conjunction with the actual Raman spectra of the samples. The results show that the addition of HA to WPI led to changes mainly around 1003 cm-1 (correspond to ring breath of phenylalanine) and 1400 cm-1, as demonstrated by the regression and classification models. For selected Raman bands, where the feature importance was greater than 1%, a direct evaluation of the effect of the amount of HA on the Raman intensities was performed but was found not to be informative. Thus, applying the RF or GB estimators to the Raman data with feature importance evaluation could detect and highlight small differences in the spectra of substances that arose from changes in the chemical structure; using PCA to filter out noise in the Raman data could improve the performance of both the RF and GB. The demonstrated results will make it possible to analyze changes in chemical bonds during various processes, for example, conjugation, to study complex mixtures of substances, even with small additions of the components of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana A Mayorova
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Mariia S Saveleva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N Bratashov
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
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Fu C, Wang Z, Zhou X, Hu B, Li C, Yang P. Protein-based bioactive coatings: from nanoarchitectonics to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1514-1551. [PMID: 38167899 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based bioactive coatings have emerged as a versatile and promising strategy for enhancing the performance and biocompatibility of diverse biomedical materials and devices. Through surface modification, these coatings confer novel biofunctional attributes, rendering the material highly bioactive. Their widespread adoption across various domains in recent years underscores their importance. This review systematically elucidates the behavior of protein-based bioactive coatings in organisms and expounds on their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it highlights notable advancements in artificial synthesis methodologies and their functional applications in vitro. A focal point is the delineation of assembly strategies employed in crafting protein-based bioactive coatings, which provides a guide for their expansion and sustained implementation. Finally, the current trends, challenges, and future directions of protein-based bioactive coatings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhengge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Carvalho ED, Morais MRG, Pêgo AP, Barrias CC, Araújo M. The interplay between chemical conjugation and biologic performance in the development of alginate-based 3D matrices to mimic neural microenvironments. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121412. [PMID: 37940293 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofunctionalization of polysaccharides is a widely used strategy for obtaining extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials. Still, commonly employed chemistries present low reaction yields and the selection of the most adequate bioconjugation route can be challenging. Herein, we compared the performance of carbodiimide and reductive amination chemistries for the synthesis of tailored peptide-alginate hybrid hydrogels as neural tissue mimics. Reductive amination dramatically improved the peptide grafting efficiency, with yields of 50 % vs. 20 %, allowing 1.5 to 3-fold higher incorporation of cell-adhesive and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP)-sensitive peptides, respectively. The conjugation of dual-end reactive MMP-sensitive peptides promoted a partial crosslinking, allowing adjusting gelation, stiffness, and degradability of hydrogels. Such parameters depended on the glycosidic position where the bioactive peptide binds, determined by the adopted chemical strategy, and this significantly impacted the biological response. Reductive amination provided softer (50-210 Pa) and fully degradable (60-100 % weight loss) hydrogels, depending on the amount of peptide in formulation, contrasting with the stiffer (400 Pa) and less degradable (40 % weight loss) carbodiimide-based hydrogels. Due to their opened polymer chain and increased peptide availability to cells, such hydrogels better supported the 3D culture of primary astrocytes, which present high complexity and process branching, allowing the development of improved brain ECM-mimicking systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva D Carvalho
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel R G Morais
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marco Araújo
- i3S - Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Wang F, Wang H, Shan X, Mei J, Wei P, Song Q, Chen W. High-strength and high-toughness ECM films with the potential for peripheral nerve repair. Biomed Mater 2023; 19:015010. [PMID: 38048625 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad11fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds are widely applied in the field of regeneration as the result of their irreplaceable biological advantages, and the preparation of ECM scaffolds into ECM hydrogels expands the applications to some extent. However, weak mechanical properties of current ECM materials limit the complete exploitation of ECM's biological advantages. To enable ECM materials to be utilized in applications requiring high strength, herein, we created a kind of new ECM material, ECM film, and evaluated its mechanical properties. ECM films exhibited outstanding toughness with no cracks after arbitrarily folding and crumpling, and dramatically high strength levels of 86 ± 17.25 MPa, the maximum of which was 115 MPa. Such spectacular high-strength and high-toughness films, containing only pure ECM without any crosslinking agents and other materials, far exceed current pure natural polymer gel films and even many composite gel films and synthetic polymer gel films. In addition, both PC12 cells and Schwann cells cultured on the surface of ECM films, especially Schwann cells, showed good proliferation, and the neurite outgrowth of the PC12 cells was promoted, indicating the application potential of ECM film in peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University; Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Shan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Mei
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University; Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, People's Republic of China
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Rosellini E, Cascone MG, Guidi L, Schubert DW, Roether JA, Boccaccini AR. Mending a broken heart by biomimetic 3D printed natural biomaterial-based cardiac patches: a review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1254739. [PMID: 38047285 PMCID: PMC10690428 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1254739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of mortality as well as morbidity around the world. Currently available treatment options face a number of drawbacks, hence cardiac tissue engineering, which aims to bioengineer functional cardiac tissue, for application in tissue repair, patient specific drug screening and disease modeling, is being explored as a viable alternative. To achieve this, an appropriate combination of cells, biomimetic scaffolds mimicking the structure and function of the native tissue, and signals, is necessary. Among scaffold fabrication techniques, three-dimensional printing, which is an additive manufacturing technique that enables to translate computer-aided designs into 3D objects, has emerged as a promising technique to develop cardiac patches with a highly defined architecture. As a further step toward the replication of complex tissues, such as cardiac tissue, more recently 3D bioprinting has emerged as a cutting-edge technology to print not only biomaterials, but also multiple cell types simultaneously. In terms of bioinks, biomaterials isolated from natural sources are advantageous, as they can provide exceptional biocompatibility and bioactivity, thus promoting desired cell responses. An ideal biomimetic cardiac patch should incorporate additional functional properties, which can be achieved by means of appropriate functionalization strategies. These are essential to replicate the native tissue, such as the release of biochemical signals, immunomodulatory properties, conductivity, enhanced vascularization and shape memory effects. The aim of the review is to present an overview of the current state of the art regarding the development of biomimetic 3D printed natural biomaterial-based cardiac patches, describing the 3D printing fabrication methods, the natural-biomaterial based bioinks, the functionalization strategies, as well as the in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Guidi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dirk W. Schubert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith A. Roether
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Wang Z, Xu Z, Yang X, Li M, Yip RCS, Li Y, Chen H. Current application and modification strategy of marine polysaccharides in tissue regeneration: A review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213580. [PMID: 37634336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides (MPs) are exceptional bioactive materials that possess unique biochemical mechanisms and pharmacological stability, making them ideal for various tissue engineering applications. Certain MPs, including agarose, alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, and glucan have been successfully employed as biological scaffolds in animal studies. As carriers of signaling molecules, scaffolds can enhance the adhesion, growth, and differentiation of somatic cells, thereby significantly improving the tissue regeneration process. However, the biological benefits of pure MPs composite scaffold are limited. Therefore, physical, chemical, enzyme modification and other methods are employed to expand its efficacy. Chemically, the structural properties of MPs scaffolds can be altered through modifications to functional groups or molecular weight reduction, thereby enhancing their biological activities. Physically, MPs hydrogels and sponges emulate the natural extracellular matrix, creating a more conducive environment for tissue repair. The porosity and high permeability of MPs membranes and nanomaterials expedite wound healing. This review explores the distinctive properties and applications of select MPs in tissue regeneration, highlighting their structural versatility and biological applicability. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of common modification strategies employed for MP scaffolds. In conclusion, MPs have significant potential and are expected to be a novel regenerative material for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Man Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, NO. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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13
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Chang KT, Hung YH, Chiu ZY, Chang JY, Yen KT, Liu CY. Fabrication of elliptically constructed liquid crystalline elastomeric scaffolds for 3D artificial tissues. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106056. [PMID: 37573762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the orientation and the fibrous structure of human muscle tissues, we fabricated preconstructed porous liquid crystalline (LC) scaffolds through a two-step polymerization and salt leaching method. A novel strategy combining the aligning properties of LCs and the ease of processing of elastomers for the preparation of elliptical scaffolds for muscle cell culture was proposed in this research. Different from the other types of scaffolds, our biocompatible LC scaffold that can be implanted into the human body using a supporting unit to improve the mechanical properties compared with those of natural muscle. To evaluate the synthesized scaffolds, in vitro experiments using normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells and smooth muscle cells from rats were carried out, and the sample cells were cultured on each sample scaffold. Based on the results of long-term culture of NHDF cells on the LC scaffolds, it can be confirmed that all three kinds of LC scaffolds have good biocompatibility and provide enough space for cell growth. The addition of gelatin can significantly enhance the biocompatibility of the synthesized scaffolds. Evaluation of scaffold morphologies on cell growth indicates that the molecular arrangement on the scaffolds can induce the growth direction of smooth muscle cells to a certain extent, thereby increasing the formation of highly ordered arrangement tissues. The population doubling time of NHDF cells on the different scaffolds suggest that gelatin can improve the attachment and growth of cells. Investigation of cell viability on LC scaffolds shows that the original LC scaffolds already possess excellent biocompatibility. Additionally, the average cell viability of smooth muscle cells was above 90%, showing that the LC scaffolds in this research are suitable for application in muscle tissue engineering. Based on the results, the gelatin-coated scaffolds are more conducive to the growth of cells in this research and provide promising candidates for tissue engineering in biomedical fields and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ti Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yun Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ying Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ting Yen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan; Fire Protection and Safety Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 711015, Taiwan.
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14
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Du M, Liu J, Wang F, Bi L, Ma C, Song M, Jiang G. A sustained-release microcarrier effectively prolongs and enhances the antibacterial activity of lysozyme. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 129:128-138. [PMID: 36804229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections have become a great threat to public health in recent years. A primary lysozyme is a natural antimicrobial protein; however, its widespread application is limited by its instability. Here, we present a poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel inverse opal particle (PHIOP) as a microcarrier of lysozyme to prolong and enhance the efficiency against bacteria. This PHIOP-based lysozyme (PHIOP-Lys) formulation is temperature-responsive and exhibits long-term sustained release of lysozyme for up to 16 days. It shows a potent antibacterial effect toward both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which is even higher than that of free lysozyme in solution at the same concentration. PHIOPs-Lys were demonstrated to effectively inhibit bacterial infections and enhance wound healing in a full-thickness skin wound rat model. This study provides a novel pathway for prolonging the enzymatic activity and antibacterial effects of lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingzhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengbang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Budharaju H, Sundaramurthi D, Sethuraman S. Efficient dual crosslinking of protein-in-polysaccharide bioink for biofabrication of cardiac tissue constructs. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213486. [PMID: 37302210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a lethal cardiac disease that causes most of the mortality across the world. MI is a consequence of plaque in the arterial walls of heart, which eventually result in occlusion and ischemia to the myocardial tissues due to inadequate nutrient and oxygen supply. As an efficient alternative to the existing treatment strategies for MI, 3D bioprinting has evolved as an advanced tissue fabrication technique where the cell-laden bioinks are printed layer-by-layer to create functional cardiac patches. In this study, a dual crosslinking strategy has been utilized towards 3D bioprinting of myocardial constructs by using a combination of alginate and fibrinogen. Herein, pre-crosslinking of the physically blended alginate-fibrinogen bioinks with CaCl2 enhanced the shape fidelity and printability of the printed structures. Physicochemical properties of the bioinks such as rheology, fibrin distribution, swelling ratio and degradation behaviour, were determined post-printing for only ionically crosslinked & dual crosslinked constructs and found to be ideal for bioprinting of cardiac constructs. Human ventricular cardiomyocytes (AC 16) exhibited a significant increase in cell proliferation on day 7 and 14 in AF-DMEM-20 mM CaCl2 bioink when compared to A-DMEM-20 mM CaCl2 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, myocardial patches containing neonatal ventricular rat myocytes (NVRM) showed >80 % viability and also expressed sarcomeric alpha actinin & connexin 43. These results indicate that the dual crosslinking strategy was cytocompatible and also possess the potential to be used for biofabrication of thick myocardial constructs for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Budharaju
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India.
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16
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Kolotova DS, Borovinskaya EV, Bordiyan VV, Zuev YF, Salnikov VV, Zueva OS, Derkach SR. Phase Behavior of Aqueous Mixtures of Sodium Alginate with Fish Gelatin: Effects of pH and Ionic Strength. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102253. [PMID: 37242828 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase behavior of aqueous mixtures of fish gelatin (FG) and sodium alginate (SA) and complex coacervation phenomena depending on pH, ionic strength, and cation type (Na+, Ca2+) were studied by turbidimetric acid titration, UV spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy for different mass ratios of sodium alginate and gelatin (Z = 0.01-1.00). The boundary pH values determining the formation and dissociation of SA-FG complexes were measured, and we found that the formation of soluble SA-FG complexes occurs in the transition from neutral (pHc) to acidic (pHφ1) conditions. Insoluble complexes formed below pHφ1 separate into distinct phases, and the phenomenon of complex coacervation is thus observed. Formation of the highest number of insoluble SA-FG complexes, based on the value of the absorption maximum, is observed at рHopt and results from strong electrostatic interactions. Then, visible aggregation occurs, and dissociation of the complexes is observed when the next boundary, pHφ2, is reached. As Z increases in the range of SA-FG mass ratios from 0.01 to 1.00, the boundary values of рНc, рHφ1, рHopt, and рHφ2 become more acidic, shifting from 7.0 to 4.6, from 6.8 to 4.3, from 6.6 to 2.8, and from 6.0 to 2.7, respectively. An increase in ionic strength leads to suppression of the electrostatic interaction between the FG and SA molecules, and no complex coacervation is observed at NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations of 50 to 200 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Kolotova
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Marine Bioresources, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk 183010, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Borovinskaya
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Marine Bioresources, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk 183010, Russia
| | - Vlada V Bordiyan
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Marine Bioresources, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk 183010, Russia
| | - Yuriy F Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420111, Russia
- A. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Vadim V Salnikov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Olga S Zueva
- Institute of Electric Power Engineering and Electronics, Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan 420066, Russia
| | - Svetlana R Derkach
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Marine Bioresources, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Murmansk State Technical University, Murmansk 183010, Russia
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17
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Fooladi S, Nematollahi MH, Rabiee N, Iravani S. Bacterial Cellulose-Based Materials: A Perspective on Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37146213 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, a wide variety of bio- and nanomaterials have been deployed for cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE), including polymers, metal oxides, graphene/its derivatives, organometallic complexes/composites based on inorganic-organic components, among others. Despite several advantages of these materials with unique mechanical, biological, and electrical properties, some challenges still remain pertaining to their biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, and possible risk factors (e.g., teratogenicity or carcinogenicity), restricting their future clinical applications. Natural polysaccharide- and protein-based (nano)structures with the benefits of biocompatibility, sustainability, biodegradability, and versatility have been exploited in the field of cardiovascular TE focusing on targeted drug delivery, vascular grafts, engineered cardiac muscle, etc. The usage of these natural biomaterials and their residues offers several advantages in terms of environmental aspects such as alleviating emission of greenhouse gases as well as the production of energy as a biomass consumption output. In TE, the development of biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds with potentially three-dimensional structures, high porosity, and suitable cellular attachment/adhesion still needs to be comprehensively studied. In this context, bacterial cellulose (BC) with high purity, porosity, crystallinity, unique mechanical properties, biocompatibility, high water retention, and excellent elasticity can be considered as promising candidate for cardiovascular TE. However, several challenges/limitations regarding the absence of antimicrobial factors and degradability along with the low yield of production and extensive cultivation times (in large-scale production) still need to be resolved using suitable hybridization/modification strategies and optimization of conditions. The biocompatibility and bioactivity of BC-based materials along with their thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability are crucial aspects in designing TE scaffolds. Herein, cardiovascular TE applications of BC-based materials are deliberated, with a focus on the most recent advancements, important challenges, and future perspectives. Other biomaterials with cardiovascular TE applications and important roles of green nanotechnology in this field of science are covered to better compare and comprehensively review the subject. The application of BC-based materials and the collective roles of such biomaterials in the assembly of sustainable and natural-based scaffolds for cardiovascular TE are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Fooladi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-13555 Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-13555 Kerman, Iran
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-13555 Kerman, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Peydayesh M, Kistler S, Zhou J, Lutz-Bueno V, Victorelli FD, Meneguin AB, Spósito L, Bauab TM, Chorilli M, Mezzenga R. Amyloid-polysaccharide interfacial coacervates as therapeutic materials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1848. [PMID: 37012278 PMCID: PMC10070338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coacervation via liquid-liquid phase separation provides an excellent opportunity to address the challenges of designing nanostructured biomaterials with multiple functionalities. Protein-polysaccharide coacervates, in particular, offer an appealing strategy to target biomaterial scaffolds, but these systems suffer from the low mechanical and chemical stabilities of protein-based condensates. Here we overcome these limitations by transforming native proteins into amyloid fibrils and demonstrate that the coacervation of cationic protein amyloids and anionic linear polysaccharides results in the interfacial self-assembly of biomaterials with precise control of their structure and properties. The coacervates present a highly ordered asymmetric architecture with amyloid fibrils on one side and the polysaccharide on the other. We demonstrate the excellent performance of these coacervates for gastric ulcer protection by validating via an in vivo assay their therapeutic effect as engineered microparticles. These results point at amyloid-polysaccharides coacervates as an original and effective biomaterial for multiple uses in internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Peydayesh
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Kistler
- ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Lutz-Bueno
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, 14800-903, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Spósito
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, 14800-903, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, 14800-903, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, 14800-903, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, 14800-903, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Bai Q, Gao Q, Hu F, Zheng C, Chen W, Sun N, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wu X, Lu T. Chitosan and hyaluronic-based hydrogels could promote the infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123271. [PMID: 36646352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The most important function of skin is to prevent biological dehydration and protect internal structures from the environment. When a wound becomes infected, the bacteria cause a sustained inflammatory response at the infected site, further delaying the healing process. Therefore, the search for better antibacterial strategies has become a topic of great concern. Therefore, the development of multifunctional hydrogels with antibacterial properties, ROS removal, and hemostasis is urgently required for promoting wound healing process. Chitosan is the only cationic natural polysaccharide with good biocompatibility, antibacterial and hemostatic ability. It is a candidate material to prepare hydrogel wound dressing. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural biological macromolecule that belongs to a group of heteropolysaccharides known as non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans. It is a major component of the skin extracellular matrix (ECM) and is involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. Here, the hydrogel was designed with the natural macromolecular of the gallic acid-grafted quaternized chitosan (GA-QCS) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) via Schiff base and/or Michael addition reaction. It was found that the GA-QCS/OHA hydrogel exhibited multifunctional capabilities with injectable, hemostasis, degradation, and release of medicines. In addiation, GA-QCS/OHA hydrogels exhibited remarkable antioxidant and migration promoting effects in vitro. And the mupirocin-loaded GA-QCS/OHA hydrogels had inhibitory effects on E. coli (Gram-negative bacterium) and S. aureus (Gram-positive bacterium) in vitro. A full-thickness skin of S. aureus infection mouse wound model was used to test the bioactive effect of the hydrogels and the accelerated wound healing was obtained due to the inhibiting the proinflammatory factor TNF-α and upregulating the vascularization factor CD31. This study proposed an effective strategy based on antioxidant, antibacterial, self-healing multifunctional hydrogel for wound healing under various infectious complications. This natural macromolecular hydrogel could act as an effective reactive oxygen species scavenger to promote the wound healing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Que Bai
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Caiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jinxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xianglong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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20
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Fei F, Yao H, Wang Y, Wei J. Graphene Oxide/RhPTH(1-34)/Polylactide Composite Nanofibrous Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065799. [PMID: 36982876 PMCID: PMC10058038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most promising polymers that has been widely used for the repair of damaged tissues due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. PLA composites with multiple properties, such as mechanical properties and osteogenesis, have been widely investigated. Herein, PLA/graphene oxide (GO)/parathyroid hormone (rhPTH(1-34)) nanofiber membranes were prepared using a solution electrospinning method. The tensile strength of the PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) membranes was 2.64 MPa, nearly 110% higher than that of a pure PLA sample (1.26 MPa). The biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation test demonstrated that the addition of GO did not markedly affect the biocompatibility of PLA, and the alkaline phosphatase activity of PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) membranes was about 2.3-times that of PLA. These results imply that the PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) composite membrane may be a candidate material for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fei
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haiyan Yao
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yujiang Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junchao Wei
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang 330006, China
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21
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Knight BM, Edgar KJ, De Yoreo JJ, Dove PM. Chitosan as a Canvas for Studies of Macromolecular Controls on CaCO 3 Biological Crystallization. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1078-1102. [PMID: 36853173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of how macromolecules, typically as an organic matrix, nucleate and grow crystals to produce functional biomineral structures remains elusive. Advances in structural biology indicate that polysaccharides (e.g., chitin) and negatively charged proteoglycans (due to carboxyl, sulfate, and phosphate groups) are ubiquitous in biocrystallization settings and play greater roles than currently recognized. This review highlights studies of CaCO3 crystallization onto chitinous materials and demonstrates that a broader understanding of macromolecular controls on mineralization has not emerged. With recent advances in biopolymer chemistry, it is now possible to prepare chitosan-based hydrogels with tailored functional group compositions. By deploying these characterized compounds in hypothesis-based studies of nucleation rate, quantitative relationships between energy barrier to crystallization, macromolecule composition, and solvent structuring can be determined. This foundational knowledge will help researchers understand composition-structure-function controls on mineralization in living systems and tune the designs of new materials for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna M Knight
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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22
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Sigaroodi F, Rahmani M, Parandakh A, Boroumand S, Rabbani S, Khani MM. Designing cardiac patches for myocardial regeneration–a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2023.2180510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Sigaroodi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Rahmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Parandakh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safieh Boroumand
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Khani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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de Souza MF, da Silva HN, Rodrigues JFB, Macêdo MDM, de Sousa WJB, Barbosa RC, Fook MVL. Chitosan/Gelatin Scaffolds Loaded with Jatropha mollissima Extract as Potential Skin Tissue Engineering Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030603. [PMID: 36771903 PMCID: PMC9921636 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to develop chitosan/gelatin scaffolds loaded with ethanolic extract of Jatropha mollissima (EEJM) to evaluate the influence of its content on the properties of these structures. The scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying, with different EEJM contents (0-10% (w/w)) and crosslinked with genipin (0.5% (w/w)). The EEJM were characterized through High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD), and the determination of three secondary metabolites contents was accomplished. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the scaffolds were investigated. From the HPLC-DAD, six main substances were evidenced, and from the quantification of the total concentration, the condensed tannins were the highest (431.68 ± 33.43 mg·g-1). Spectroscopy showed good mixing between the scaffolds' components. Adding and increasing the EEJM content did not significantly influence the properties of swelling and porosity, but did affect the biodegradation and average pore size. The enzymatic biodegradation test showed a maximum weight loss of 42.89 within 28 days and reinforced the efficiency of genipin in crosslinking chitosan-based materials. The addition of the extract promoted the average pore sizes at a range of 138.44-227.67 µm, which is compatible with those reported for skin regeneration. All of the scaffolds proved to be biocompatible for L929 cells, supporting their potential application as skin tissue engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Ferreira de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nunes da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
| | - José Filipe Bacalhau Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Maria Dennise Medeiros Macêdo
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Rossemberg Cardoso Barbosa
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(83)-2101-1841
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24
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Brimmer S, Ji P, Birla AK, Keswani SG, Caldarone CA, Birla RK. Recent advances in biological pumps as a building block for bioartificial hearts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1061622. [PMID: 36741765 PMCID: PMC9895798 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1061622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of biological pumps is a subset of cardiac tissue engineering and focused on the development of tubular grafts that are designed generate intraluminal pressure. In the simplest embodiment, biological pumps are tubular grafts with contractile cardiomyocytes on the external surface. The rationale for biological pumps is a transition from planar 3D cardiac patches to functional biological pumps, on the way to complete bioartificial hearts. Biological pumps also have applications as a standalone device, for example, to support the Fontan circulation in pediatric patients. In recent years, there has been a lot of progress in the field of biological pumps, with innovative fabrication technologies. Examples include the use of cell sheet engineering, self-organized heart muscle, bioprinting and in vivo bio chambers for vascularization. Several materials have been tested for biological pumps and included resected aortic segments from rodents, type I collagen, and fibrin hydrogel, to name a few. Multiple bioreactors have been tested to condition biological pumps and replicate the complex in vivo environment during controlled in vitro culture. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the field of the biological pumps, outlining progress in the field over the past several years. In particular, different fabrication methods, biomaterial platforms for tubular grafts and examples of bioreactors will be presented. In addition, we present an overview of some of the challenges that need to be overcome for the field of biological pumps to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Brimmer
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pengfei Ji
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aditya K. Birla
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christopher A. Caldarone
- Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ravi K. Birla
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Center for Congenital Cardiac Research, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Ravi K. Birla,
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25
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Biomimetic and Bioactive Small Diameter Tubular Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040199. [PMID: 36412727 PMCID: PMC9680506 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed at the production and characterization of small caliber biomimetic and bioactive tubular scaffolds, which are able to favor the endothelialization process, and therefore potentially be suitable for vascular tissue engineering. The tubular scaffolds were produced using a specially designed mold, starting from a gelatin/gellan/elastin (GGE) blend, selected to mimic the composition of the extracellular matrix of native blood vessels. GGE scaffolds were obtained through freeze-drying and subsequent cross-linking. To obtain systems capable of promoting endothelization, the scaffolds were functionalized using two different bioactive peptides, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGSDP) and Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV). A complete physicochemical, mechanical, functional, and biological characterization of the developed scaffolds was performed. GGE scaffolds showed a good porosity, which could promote cell infiltration and proliferation and a dense external surface, which could avoid bleeding. Moreover, developed scaffolds showed good hydrophilicity, an elastic behavior similar to natural vessels, suitability for sterilization by an ISO accepted treatment, and an adequate suture retention strength. In vitro cell culture tests showed no cytotoxic activity against 3T3 fibroblasts. The functionalization with the REDV peptide favored the adhesion and growth of endothelial cells, while GRGDSP-modified scaffolds represented a better substrate for fibroblasts.
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26
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Qamar SA, Riasat A, Jahangeer M, Fatima R, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Mu BZ. Prospects of microbial polysaccharides-based hybrid constructs for biomimicking applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1319-1336. [PMID: 35048396 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various interesting features including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Microbial polysaccharides are produced by several microorganisms including yeast, fungi, algae, and bacteria. Microbial polysaccharides have gained high importance in biotechnology due to their novel physiochemical characteristics and composition. Among microbial polysaccharides, xanthan, alginate, gellan, and dextran are the most commonly reported polysaccharides for the development of biomimetic materials for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Several chemical and physical cross-linking reactions are performed to increase their technological and functional properties. Owning to the broad-scale applications of microbial polysaccharides, this review aims to summarize the characteristics with different ways of physical/chemical crosslinking for polysaccharide regulation. Recently, several biopolymers have gained high importance due to their biologically active properties. This will help in the formation of bioactive nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review provides a perspective on microbial polysaccharides, with special emphasis given to applications in promising biosectors and the subsequent advancement on the discovery and development of new polysaccharides for adding new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Areej Riasat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangeer
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Bo-Zhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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27
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Biswas S, Melton LD, Nelson ARJ, Le Brun AP, Heinrich F, McGillivray DJ, Xu AY. The Assembly Mechanism and Mesoscale Architecture of Protein-Polysaccharide Complexes Formed at the Solid-liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12551-12561. [PMID: 36194692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polysaccharide composite materials have generated much interest due to their potential use in medical science and biotechnology. A comprehensive understanding of the assembly mechanism and the mesoscale architecture is needed for fabricating protein-polysaccharide composite materials with desired properties. In this study, complex assemblies were built on silica surfaces through a layer-by-layer (LbL) approach using bovine beta-lactoglobulin variant A (βLgA) and pectin as model protein and polysaccharide, respectively. We demonstrated the combined use of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and neutron reflectometry (NR) for elucidating the assembly mechanism as well as the internal architecture of the protein-polysaccharide complexes formed at the solid-liquid interface. Our results show that βLgA and pectin interacted with each other and formed a cohesive matrix structure at the interface consisting of intertwined pectin chains that were cross-linked by βLgA-rich domains. Although the complexes were fabricated in an LbL fashion, the complexes appeared to be relatively homogeneous with βLgA and pectin molecules spatially distributed within the matrix structure. Our results also demonstrate that the density of βLgA-pectin complex assemblies increased with both the overall and local charge density of pectin molecules. Therefore, the physical properties of the protein-polysaccharide matrix structure, including density and level of hydration, can be tuned by using polysaccharides with varying charge patterns, thus promoting the development of composite materials with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, United States
| | - Laurence D Melton
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R J Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales2232, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales2232, Australia
| | - Frank Heinrich
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
| | - Duncan J McGillivray
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland1142, New Zealand
| | - Amy Y Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, United States
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28
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Ebrahimzadeh A, Khanalizadeh E, Khodabakhshaghdam S, Kazemi D, Baradar Khoshfetrat A. Influence of gelatin modification on enzymatically-gellable pectin-gelatin hydrogel properties for soft tissue engineering applications. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115221119210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Injectable in situ-forming hydrogels appears to be a promising approach for tissue engineering applications. In this study, the effect of phenol moiety (Ph) addition to gelatin in enzymatically-gellable modified pectin hydrogel (Pec-Ph) was studied. Addition of gelatin-Ph to Pec-Ph (Pec-Ph/Gel-Ph) altered the physical properties of Pec-Ph-based hydrogels as compared to unmodified gelatin (Pec-Ph/Gel) addition. Swelling ratio and degradation rates of the Pec-Ph/Gel-Ph hydrogel decreased 35% and 50%, respectively, and the elasticity of Pec-Ph/Gel-Ph hydrogel was higher than the Pec-Ph/Gel hydrogels. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the existence of phenolic groups in gelatin decreased the pore size of Pec-Ph/Gel-Ph hydrogels. Culture of chondrocyte cells in the Pec-Ph/Gel-Ph hydrogels showed more metabolic activity (4×) during a 14-day culture period. Hydrogels subcutaneously implanted in rats could also be identified readily without complete absorption and signs of toxicity or any untoward reactions after 1 month. The work showed the potential of Pec-Ph/Gel-Ph hydrogels as a promising in situ injectable hydrogel for soft tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Ebrahimzadeh
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Khanalizadeh
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Davoud Kazemi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Baradar Khoshfetrat
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Camponogara F, Zanotti F, Trentini M, Tiengo E, Zanolla I, Pishavar E, Soliani E, Scatto M, Gargiulo P, Zambito Y, De Luca S, Ferroni L, Zavan B. Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine in Italy: Brief State of the Art of the Principal Research Centers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158245. [PMID: 35897825 PMCID: PMC9368060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the branch of medicine that effectively uses stem cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies to guide the healing or replacement of damaged tissues or organs. A crucial element is undoubtedly the biomaterial that guides biological events to restore tissue continuity. The polymers, natural or synthetic, find wide application thanks to their great adaptability. In fact, they can be used as principal components, coatings or vehicles to functionalize several biomaterials. There are many leading centers for the research and development of biomaterials in Italy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of the art on polymer research for regenerative medicine purposes. The last five years of scientific production of the main Italian research centers has been screened to analyze the current advancement in tissue engineering in order to highlight inputs for the development of novel biomaterials and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Camponogara
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Federica Zanotti
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Martina Trentini
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Tiengo
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Ilaria Zanolla
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elham Pishavar
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisa Soliani
- Bioengineering Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK;
| | - Marco Scatto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;
- Department of Science, Landspítali, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Chemical Department, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefano De Luca
- Unit of Naples, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy;
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Rosellini E, Cascone MG. Biomimetic Strategies to Develop Bioactive Scaffolds for Myocardial Tissue Engineering. Open Biomed Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18741207-v16-e2205090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the results of the research activity carried out in our laboratories, over the last 10 years, in relation to the development of strategies for the production of biomimetic and bioactive scaffolds for myocardial tissue engineering. Biomimetic and bioactive polymeric scaffolds for cardiac regeneration were designed and manufactured in our laboratories and their morphological, physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties were investigated by different techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, infrared chemical imaging, swelling test, in vitro degradation assessment, dynamic mechanical analysis, in vitro and in vivo biological tests. Biomimetic scaffolds, able to favor tissue regeneration by mimicking nature, were engineered by different strategies, comprising: (i) the imitation of the composition and interactions among components of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), by mixing of proteins and polysaccharides; (ii) the material surface modification, using both traditional and innovative techniques, such as molecular imprinting; (iii) the incorporation and release of specific active agents and (iv) the production of scaffolds with a microarchitecture similar to that of native ECM. All the developed strategies were found to be effective in creating materials able to influence cellular behavior and therefore to favor the process of new tissue formation. In particular, the approach based on the combination of different strategies aimed at creating a system capable of communicating with the cells and promoting specific cellular responses, as the ECM does, has appeared particularly promising, in view to favor the formation of a tissue equivalent to the cardiac one.
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31
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Ho TC, Chang CC, Chan HP, Chung TW, Shu CW, Chuang KP, Duh TH, Yang MH, Tyan YC. Hydrogels: Properties and Applications in Biomedicine. Molecules 2022; 27:2902. [PMID: 35566251 PMCID: PMC9104731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are crosslinked polymer chains with three-dimensional (3D) network structures, which can absorb relatively large amounts of fluid. Because of the high water content, soft structure, and porosity of hydrogels, they closely resemble living tissues. Research in recent years shows that hydrogels have been applied in various fields, such as agriculture, biomaterials, the food industry, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Along with the underlying technology improvements of hydrogel development, hydrogels can be expected to be applied in more fields. Although not all hydrogels have good biodegradability and biocompatibility, such as synthetic hydrogels (polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol hydrogels, etc.), their biodegradability and biocompatibility can be adjusted by modification of their functional group or incorporation of natural polymers. Hence, scientists are still interested in the biomedical applications of hydrogels due to their creative adjustability for different uses. In this review, we first introduce the basic information of hydrogels, such as structure, classification, and synthesis. Then, we further describe the recent applications of hydrogels in 3D cell cultures, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (C.-W.S.)
| | - Chin-Chuan Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Chan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan;
| | - Tze-Wen Chung
- Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (C.-W.S.)
| | - Kuo-Pin Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan;
| | - Tsai-Hui Duh
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (T.-C.H.); (C.-W.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Cui R, Zhang L, Ou R, Xu Y, Xu L, Zhan XY, Li D. Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Wound Dressing: Design Considerations and Clinical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:845735. [PMID: 35321022 PMCID: PMC8937030 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.845735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound management remains a worldwide challenge. It is undeniable that patients with problems such as difficulties in wound healing, metabolic disorder of the wound microenvironment and even severely infected wounds etc. always suffer great pain that affected their quality of lives. The selection of appropriate wound dressings is vital for the healing process. With the advances of technology, hydrogels dressings have been showing great potentials for the treatment of both acute wounds (e.g., burn injuries, hemorrhage, rupturing of internal organs/aorta) and chronic wounds such as diabetic foot and pressure ulcer. Particularly, in the past decade, polysaccharide-based hydrogels which are made up with abundant and reproducible natural materials that are biocompatible and biodegradable present unique features and huge flexibilities for modifications as wound dressings and are widely applicable in clinical practices. They share not only common characteristics of hydrogels such as excellent tissue adhesion, swelling, water absorption, etc., but also other properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory, bactericidal and immune regulation), to accelerate wound re-epithelialization, mimic skin structure and induce skin regeneration. Herein, in this review, we highlighted the importance of tailoring the physicochemical performance and biological functions of polysaccharide-based hydrogel wound dressings. We also summarized and discussed their clinical states of, aiming to provide valuable hints and references for the future development of more intelligent and multifunctional wound dressings of polysaccharide hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongwei Cui
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luhan Zhang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongying Ou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizhou Xu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhan
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yong Zhan, ; Danyang Li,
| | - Danyang Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yong Zhan, ; Danyang Li,
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Controlled Release in Hydrogels Using DNA Nanotechnology. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020213. [PMID: 35203423 PMCID: PMC8869372 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is a biopolymer widely used to synthesize hydrogels for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and bioinks for 3D bioprinting. However, as with other biopolymer-based hydrogels, gelatin-hydrogels do not allow precise temporal control of the biomolecule distribution to mimic biological signals involved in biological mechanisms. Leveraging DNA nanotechnology tools to develop a responsive controlled release system via strand displacement has demonstrated the ability to encode logic process, which would enable a more sophisticated design for controlled release. However, this unique and dynamic system has not yet been incorporated within any hydrogels to create a complete release circuit mechanism that closely resembles the sequential distribution of biomolecules observed in the native environment. Here, we designed and synthesized versatile multi-arm DNA motifs that can be easily conjugated within a gelatin hydrogel via click chemistry to incorporate a strand displacement circuit. After validating the incorporation and showing the increased stability of DNA motifs against degradation once embedded in the hydrogel, we demonstrated the ability of our system to release multiple model cargos with temporal specificity by the addition of the trigger strands specific to each cargo. Additionally, we were able to modulate the rate and quantity of cargo release by tuning the sequence of the trigger strands.
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34
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Tissue engineering ECM-enriched controllable vascularized human microtissue for hair regenerative medicine using a biomimetic developmental approach. J Adv Res 2021; 38:77-89. [PMID: 35572404 PMCID: PMC9091751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Novel dual-flow perfusion bioreactor for in vitro pre-screening of nanoparticles delivery: design, characterization and testing. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2361-2374. [PMID: 34304344 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An advanced dual-flow perfusion bioreactor with a simple and compact design was developed and evaluated as a potential apparatus to reduce the gap between animal testing and drug administration to human subjects in clinical trials. All the experimental tests were carried out using an ad hoc Poly Lactic Acid (PLLA) scaffold synthesized via Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS). The bioreactor shows a tunable radial flow throughout the microporous matrix of the scaffold. The radial perfusion was quantified both with permeability tests and with a mathematical model, applying a combination of Darcy's Theory, Bernoulli's Equation, and Poiseuille's Law. Finally, a diffusion test allowed to investigate the efficacy of the radial flow using Polymeric Fluorescent Nanoparticles (FNPs) mimicking drug/colloidal carriers. These tests confirmed the ability of our bioreactor to create a uniform distribution of particles inside porous matrices. All the findings candidate our system as a potential tool for drug pre-screening testing with a cost and time reduction over animal models.
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36
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Trombino S, Curcio F, Cassano R, Curcio M, Cirillo G, Iemma F. Polymeric Biomaterials for the Treatment of Cardiac Post-Infarction Injuries. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1038. [PMID: 34371729 PMCID: PMC8309168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration aims to reconstruct the heart contractile mass, preventing the organ from a progressive functional deterioration, by delivering pro-regenerative cells, drugs, or growth factors to the site of injury. In recent years, scientific research focused the attention on tissue engineering for the regeneration of cardiac infarct tissue, and biomaterials able to anatomically and physiologically adapt to the heart muscle have been proposed as valuable tools for this purpose, providing the cells with the stimuli necessary to initiate a complete regenerative process. An ideal biomaterial for cardiac tissue regeneration should have a positive influence on the biomechanical, biochemical, and biological properties of tissues and cells; perfectly reflect the morphology and functionality of the native myocardium; and be mechanically stable, with a suitable thickness. Among others, engineered hydrogels, three-dimensional polymeric systems made from synthetic and natural biomaterials, have attracted much interest for cardiac post-infarction therapy. In addition, biocompatible nanosystems, and polymeric nanoparticles in particular, have been explored in preclinical studies as drug delivery and tissue engineering platforms for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review focused on the most employed natural and synthetic biomaterials in cardiac regeneration, paying particular attention to the contribution of Italian research groups in this field, the fabrication techniques, and the current status of the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (F.I.)
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (F.I.)
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Magli S, Rossi L, Consentino C, Bertini S, Nicotra F, Russo L. Combined Analytical Approaches to Standardize and Characterize Biomaterials Formulations: Application to Chitosan-Gelatin Cross-Linked Hydrogels. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050683. [PMID: 34062918 PMCID: PMC8147276 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A protocol based on the combination of different analytical methodologies is proposed to standardize the experimental conditions for reproducible formulations of hybrid hydrogels. The final hybrid material, based on the combination of gelatin and chitosan functionalized with methylfuran and cross-linked with 4-arm-PEG-maleimide, is able to mimic role, dynamism, and structural complexity of the extracellular matrix. Physical-chemical properties of starting polymers and finals constructs were characterized exploiting the combination of HP-SEC-TDA, UV, FT-IR, NMR, and TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Magli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.R.); (F.N.)
- BioNanoMedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.R.); (F.N.)
- BioNanoMedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Consentino
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sabrina Bertini
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, 20126 Milan, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.R.); (F.N.)
- BioNanoMedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (L.R.); (F.N.)
- BioNanoMedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264483462
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Chen P, Zhang F, Fan Z, Shen T, Liu B, Chen R, Qu Q, Wang J, Miao Y, Hu Z. Nanoscale microenvironment engineering for expanding human hair follicle stem cell and revealing their plasticity. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:94. [PMID: 33789665 PMCID: PMC8010974 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodically regenerated hair follicles provide an excellent research model for studying tissue regeneration and stem cell homeostasis. Periodic activation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) fuel cyclical bouts of hair regeneration. HFSCs represent an excellent paradigm for studying tissue regeneration and somatic stem cell homeostasis. However, these crucial studies are hampered by the lack of a culture system able to stably expand human HFSCs and regulate their fate. Results Here, we use layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly with gelatin/alginate to construct a nanoscale biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) for an HFSC population. The LbL coating provides ECM and mechanical support for individual cells, which helps to maintain the CD200+α6+ HFSC population to a certain extent. Addition of key signal molecules (FGF-7 and VEGF-A) simulates the minimum essential components of the stem cell microenvironment, thereby effectively and stably expanding HFSCs and maintaining the CD200+α6+ HFSC population. Subsequently, BMP2 loaded to the nanocoated layer, as a slow-release signal molecule, activates BMP signaling to regulate HFSCs’ fate in order to obtain a purified CD200+α6+ HFSC population. Conclusion This system can minimize the microenvironment of HFSCs; thus, stably amplifying HFSCs and revealing their plasticity. Our study thus provides a new tool for studies of hair follicle reconstruction and stem cell homeostasis. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00840-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhexiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianding Shen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingcheng Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruosi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Banerjee S, Szepes M, Dibbert N, Rios-Camacho JC, Kirschning A, Gruh I, Dräger G. Dextran-based scaffolds for in-situ hydrogelation: Use for next generation of bioartificial cardiac tissues. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117924. [PMID: 33838803 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of a chemically-defined matrix for in vitro cardiac tissue generation, we present dextran (Dex)-derived hydrogels as matrices suitable for bioartificial cardiac tissues (BCT). The dextran hydrogels were generated in situ by using hydrazone formation as the crosslinking reaction. Material properties were flexibly adjusted, by varying the degrees of derivatization and the molecular weight of dextran used. Furthermore, to modulate dextran's bioactivity, cyclic pentapeptide RGD was coupled to its backbone. BCTs were generated by using a blend of modified dextran and human collagen (hColI) in combination with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and fibroblasts. These hColI + Dex blends with or without RGD supported tissue formation and functional maturation of CMs. Contraction forces (hColI + Dex-RGD: 0.27 ± 0.02 mN; hColI + Dex: 0.26 ± 0.01 mN) and frequencies were comparable to published constructs. Thus, we could demonstrate that, independent of the presence of RGD, our covalently linked dextran hydrogels are a promising matrix for building cardiac grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhita Banerjee
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Szepes
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nick Dibbert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julio-Cesar Rios-Camacho
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerald Dräger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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40
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Ye J, Yang G, Zhang J, Xiao Z, He L, Zhang H, Liu Q. Preparation and characterization of gelatin-polysaccharide composite hydrogels for tissue engineering. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11022. [PMID: 33777525 PMCID: PMC7971083 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineering, which involves the selection of scaffold materials, presents a new therapeutic strategy for damaged tissues or organs. Scaffold design based on blends of proteins and polysaccharides, as mimicry of the native extracellular matrix, has recently become a valuable strategy for tissue engineering. Objective This study aimed to construct composite hydrogels based on natural polymers for tissue engineering. Methods Composite hydrogels based on blends of gelatin with a polysaccharide component (chitosan or alginate) were produced and subsequently enzyme crosslinked. The other three hydrogels, chitosan hydrogel, sodium alginate hydrogel, and microbial transglutaminase-crosslinked gelatin (mTG/GA) hydrogel were also prepared. All hydrogels were evaluated for in vitro degradation property, swelling capacity, and mechanical property. Rat adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and seeded on (or embedded into) the above-mentioned hydrogels. The morphological features of ADSCs were observed and recorded. The effects of the hydrogels on ADSC survival and adhesion were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Cell proliferation was tested by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results Cell viability assay results showed that the five hydrogels are not cytotoxic. The mTG/GA and its composite hydrogels showed higher compressive moduli than the single-component chitosan and alginate hydrogels. MTT assay results showed that ADSCs proliferated better on the composite hydrogels than on the chitosan and alginate hydrogels. Light microscope observation and cell cytoskeleton staining showed that hydrogel strength had obvious effects on cell growth and adhesion. The ADSCs seeded on chitosan and alginate hydrogels plunged into the hydrogels and could not stretch out due to the low strength of the hydrogel, whereas cells seeded on composite hydrogels with higher elastic modulus, could spread out, and grew in size. Conclusion The gelatin-polysaccharide composite hydrogels could serve as attractive biomaterials for tissue engineering due to their easy preparation and favorable biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenghua Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling He
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Khan MA, Abd Razak SI, Mehboob H, Abdul Kadir MR, Anand TJS, Inam F, Shah SA, Abdel-Haliem MEF, Amin R. Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Coated Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Antibacterial and In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4335-4346. [PMID: 33623844 PMCID: PMC7893789 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, multifunctional composite materials are very challenging. Bone tissue engineering is an innovative technique to develop biocompatible scaffolds with suitable orthopedic applications with enhanced antibacterial and mechanical properties. This research introduces a polymeric nanocomposite scaffold based on arabinoxylan-co-acrylic acid, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp), nano-aluminum oxide (nAl2O3), and graphene oxide (GO) by free-radical polymerization for the development of porous scaffolds using the freeze-drying technique. These polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds were coated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles to improve antibacterial activities. Together, nHAp, nAl2O3, and GO enhance the multifunctional properties of materials, which regulate their physicochemical and biomechanical properties. Results revealed that the Ag-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds had excellent antibacterial properties and better microstructural properties. Regulated morphological properties and maximal antibacterial inhibition zones were found in the porous scaffolds with the increasing amount of GO. Moreover, the nanosystem and the polymeric matrix have improved the compressive strength (18.89 MPa) and Young's modulus (198.61 MPa) of scaffolds upon increasing the amount of GO. The biological activities of the scaffolds were investigated against the mouse preosteoblast cell lines (MC3T3-E1) and increasing the quantities of GO helps cell adherence and proliferation. Therefore, our findings showed that these silver-coated polymeric nanocomposite scaffolds have the potential for engineering bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Umar Aslam Khan
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute
for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Center
for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Mehboob
- Department
of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box No. 66833, Rafha Street, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - T. Joseph Sahaya Anand
- Sustainable
and Responsive Manufacturing Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing
Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka, Hang
Tuah Jaya, 76100 Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Fawad Inam
- Department
of Engineering and Computing, University
of East London, E16 2RD London, U.K.
| | - Saqlain A. Shah
- Nanotechnology
Lab, Department of Physics, Forman Christian
College (University), 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud E. F. Abdel-Haliem
- Botany
and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Hafr Al Batin, 39524 Hafar Al-batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Amin
- Department
of Biology, College of Sciences, University
of Hafr Al Batin, 39524 Hafar Al-batin, Saudi Arabia
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Rosellini E, Madeddu D, Barbani N, Frati C, Graiani G, Falco A, Lagrasta C, Quaini F, Cascone MG. Development of Biomimetic Alginate/Gelatin/Elastin Sponges with Recognition Properties toward Bioactive Peptides for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5040067. [PMID: 33322426 PMCID: PMC7768388 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest toward the covalent binding of bioactive peptides from extracellular matrix proteins on scaffolds as a promising functionalization strategy in the development of biomimetic matrices for tissue engineering. A totally new approach for scaffold functionalization with peptides is based on Molecular Imprinting technology. In this work, imprinted particles with recognition properties toward laminin and fibronectin bioactive moieties were synthetized and used for the functionalization of biomimetic sponges, which were based on a blend of alginate, gelatin, and elastin. Functionalized sponges underwent a complete morphological, physicochemical, mechanical, functional, and biological characterization. Micrographs of functionalized sponges showed a highly porous structure and a quite homogeneous distribution of imprinted particles on their surface. Infrared and thermal analyses pointed out the presence of interactions between blend components. Biodegradation and mechanical properties appeared adequate for the aimed application. The results of recognition tests showed that the deposition on sponges did not alter the specific recognition and binding behavior of imprinted particles. In vitro biological characterization with cardiac progenitor cells showed that early cell adherence was promoted. In vivo analysis showed that developed scaffolds improved cardiac progenitor cell adhesion and differentiation toward myocardial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rosellini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.B.); (M.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2217908
| | - Denise Madeddu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (D.M.); (C.F.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (C.L.); (F.Q.)
| | - Niccoletta Barbani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.B.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (D.M.); (C.F.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (C.L.); (F.Q.)
| | - Gallia Graiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (D.M.); (C.F.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (C.L.); (F.Q.)
| | - Angela Falco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (D.M.); (C.F.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (C.L.); (F.Q.)
| | - Costanza Lagrasta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (D.M.); (C.F.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (C.L.); (F.Q.)
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University-Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (D.M.); (C.F.); (G.G.); (A.F.); (C.L.); (F.Q.)
| | - Maria Grazia Cascone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (N.B.); (M.G.C.)
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43
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Geanaliu-Nicolae RE, Andronescu E. Blended Natural Support Materials-Collagen Based Hydrogels Used in Biomedicine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5641. [PMID: 33321865 PMCID: PMC7764196 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique properties-the are biocompatible, easily accessible, and inexpensive with programmable properties-biopolymers are used in pharmaceutical and biomedical research, as well as in cosmetics and food. Collagen is one of the most-used biomaterials in biomedicine, being the most abundant protein in animals with a triple helices structure, biocompatible, biomimetic, biodegradable, and hemostatic. Its disadvantages are its poor mechanical and thermal properties and enzymatic degradation. In order to solve this problem and to use its benefits, collagen can be used blended with other biomaterials such as alginate, chitosan, and cellulose. The purpose of this review article is to offer a brief paper with updated information on blended collagen-based formulations and their potential application in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra-Elena Geanaliu-Nicolae
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
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Khan S, Hasan A, Attar F, Sharifi M, Siddique R, Mraiche F, Falahati M. Gold Nanoparticle-Based Platforms for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6460-6477. [PMID: 33320615 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing rate of mortality due to myocardial infarction (MI) has led to the development of nanobased platforms, especially gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as promising nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of MI. These promising NPs have been used to develop different nanobiosensors, mainly optical sensors for early detection of biomarkers as well as biomimetic/bioinspired platforms for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). Therefore, in this Review, we presented an overview on the potential application of AuNPs as optical (surface plasmon resonance, colorimetric, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence) nanobiosensors for early diagnosis and prognosis of MI. On the other hand, we discussed the potential application of AuNPs either alone or with other NPs/polymers as promising three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to regulate the microenvironment and mimic the morphological and electrical features of cardiac cells for potential application in CTE. Furthermore, we presented the challenges and ongoing efforts associated with the application of AuNPs in the diagnosis and treatment of MI. In conclusion, this Review may provide outstanding information regarding the development of AuNP-based technology as a promising platform for current MI treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road, NO.2, 450014 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Food Toxicology, Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj 14155-6139, Iran
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabeea Siddique
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road, NO.2, 450014 Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Chen P, Miao Y, Zhang F, Huang J, Chen Y, Fan Z, Yang L, Wang J, Hu Z. Nanoscale microenvironment engineering based on layer-by-layer self-assembly to regulate hair follicle stem cell fate for regenerative medicine. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11673-11689. [PMID: 33052240 PMCID: PMC7545990 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair regenerative medicine, a promising strategy for the treatment of hair loss, will likely involve the transplantation of autologous hair follicular stem cells (HFSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) into regions of hair loss. Cyclic hair regeneration results from the periodic partial activation of HFSCs. However, previous studies have not successfully achieved large-scale HFSC expansion in vitro without the use of feeder cells, with a lack of research focused on regulating HFSC fate for hair follicular (HF) regeneration. Hence, an emerging focus in regenerative medicine is the reconstruction of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) regulatory characteristics using biomaterials to generate cellular microenvironments for expanding stem cells and directing their fate for tissue regeneration. Methods: HFSCs were coated with gelatin and alginate using layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology to construct biomimetic ECM for HFSCs; after which transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 was loaded into the coating layer, which served as a sustained-release signal molecule to regulate the fate of HFSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments (cell culture and siRNA) were employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved and in vivo implantation was carried out to evaluate hair induction efficiency. Results: Nanoscale biomimetic ECM was constructed for individual HFSCs, which allowed for the stable amplification of HFSCs and maintenance of their stem cell properties. TGF-β2 loading into the coating layer induced transformation of CD34+ stem cells into highly proliferating Lgr5+ stem cells, similar to the partial activation of HFSCs in HF regeneration. Thus, LbL coating and TGF-β2 loading partially reconstructed the quiescent and activated states, respectively, of stem cells during HF regeneration, thereby mimicking the microenvironment that regulates stem cell fate for tissue regeneration during HF cycling. Improved HF regeneration was achieved when the two HFSC states were co-transplanted with neonatal mouse dermal cells into nude mice. Conclusion: This study provides novel methods for the construction of stem cell microenvironments and experimental models of HF regeneration for the treatment of hair loss.
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46
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Yang L, Liu Y, Shou X, Ni D, Kong T, Zhao Y. Bio-inspired lubricant drug delivery particles for the treatment of osteoarthritis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17093-17102. [PMID: 32785325 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic and irreversible degenerative disease that often occurs in middle-aged and elderly people. Although many clinical therapeutics like intra-articular drug injection have been widely used for treating osteoarthritis, there are still some shortcomings that need to be overcome such as frequent injection, inflammatory response, and potential overdose. Inspired by the natural biocompatible lubricant substances, hyaluronic acid (HA), a novel bio-inspired lubricant drug delivery microcarrier with pathological-state responsive switches, was developed for osteoarthritis treatment. In this system, a temperature-responsive hydrogel was used to form an inverse opal-structured microsphere scaffold to increase the drug loading efficiency, while HA was employed as a vehicle to encapsulate drugs. Due to the properties of the scaffold, the loaded lubricant and encapsulated drugs can be released when temperature rises in the joint cavity during exercise or osteoarthritis. In contrast, the delivery system will be locked and the drug release process will stop when the arthritis lessens or exercise is stopped. Thus, the designed microcarrier is endowed with the ability of intelligently releasing drugs and lubricants for curing osteoarthritis, demonstrating its great potential in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Shou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Dong Ni
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Rosellini E, Barbani N, Frati C, Madeddu D, Massai D, Morbiducci U, Lazzeri L, Falco A, Graiani G, Lagrasta C, Audenino A, Cascone MG, Quaini F. IGF-1 loaded injectable microspheres for potential repair of the infarcted myocardium. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:762-775. [PMID: 32772783 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220948501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of injectable scaffolds to repair the infarcted heart is receiving great interest. Thermosensitive polymers, in situ polymerization, in situ cross-linking, and self-assembling peptides are the most investigated approaches to obtain injectability.Aim of the present work was the preparation and characterization of a novel bioactive scaffold, in form of injectable microspheres, for cardiac repair. Gellan/gelatin microspheres were prepared by a water-in-oil emulsion and loaded by adsorption with Insulin-like growth factor 1 to promote tissue regeneration. Obtained microspheres underwent morphological, physicochemical and biological characterization, including cell culture tests in static and dynamic conditions and in vivo tests. Morphological analysis of the microspheres showed a spherical shape, a microporous surface and an average diameter of 66 ± 17µm (under dry conditions) and 123 ± 24 µm (under wet conditions). Chemical Imaging analysis pointed out a homogeneous distribution of gellan, gelatin and Insulin-like growth factor-1 within the microsphere matrix. In vitro cell culture tests showed that the microspheres promoted rat cardiac progenitor cells adhesion, and cluster formation. After dynamic suspension culture within an impeller-free bioreactor, cells still adhered to microspheres, spreading their cytoplasm over microsphere surface. Intramyocardial administration of microspheres in a cryoinjury rat model attenuated chamber dilatation, myocardial damage and fibrosis and improved cell homing.Overall, the findings of this study confirm that the produced microspheres display morphological, physicochemical, functional and biological properties potentially adequate for future applications as injectable scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niccoletta Barbani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Madeddu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Falco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gallia Graiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Costanza Lagrasta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Audenino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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48
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Besford QA, Cavalieri F, Caruso F. Glycogen as a Building Block for Advanced Biological Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904625. [PMID: 31617264 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological nanoparticles found in living systems possess distinct molecular architectures and diverse functions. Glycogen is a unique biological polysaccharide nanoparticle fabricated by nature through a bottom-up approach. The biocatalytic synthesis of glycogen has evolved over time to form a nanometer-sized dendrimer-like structure (20-150 nm) with a highly branched surface and a dense core. This makes glycogen markedly different from other natural linear or branched polysaccharides and particularly attractive as a platform for biomedical applications. Glycogen is inherently biodegradable, nontoxic, and can be functionalized with diverse surface and internal motifs for enhanced biofunctional properties. Recently, there has been growing interest in glycogen as a natural alternative to synthetic polymers and nanoparticles in a range of applications. Herein, the recent literature on glycogen in the material-based sciences, including its use as a constituent in biodegradable hydrogels and fibers, drug delivery vectors, tumor targeting and penetrating nanoparticles, immunomodulators, vaccine adjuvants, and contrast agents, is reviewed. The various methods of chemical functionalization and physical assembly of glycogen nanoparticles into multicomponent nanodevices, which advance glycogen toward a functional therapeutic nanoparticle from nature and back again, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn A Besford
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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49
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Seelbinder B, Scott AK, Nelson I, Schneider SE, Calahan K, Neu CP. TENSCell: Imaging of Stretch-Activated Cells Reveals Divergent Nuclear Behavior and Tension. Biophys J 2020; 118:2627-2640. [PMID: 32407683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of cellular and nuclear mechanosensation are unclear, partially because of a lack of methods that can reveal dynamic processes. Here, we present a new concept for a low-cost, three-dimensionally printed device that enables high-magnification imaging of cells during stretch. We observed that nuclei of mouse embryonic skin fibroblasts underwent rapid (within minutes) and divergent responses, characterized by nuclear area expansion during 5% strain but nuclear area shrinkage during 20% strain. Only responses to low strain were dependent on calcium signaling, whereas actin inhibition abrogated all nuclear responses and increased nuclear strain transfer and DNA damage. Imaging of actin dynamics during stretch revealed similar divergent trends, with F-actin shifting away from (5% strain) or toward (20% strain) the nuclear periphery. Our findings emphasize the importance of simultaneous stimulation and data acquisition to capture mechanosensitive responses and suggest that mechanical confinement of nuclei through actin may be a protective mechanism during high mechanical stretch or loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seelbinder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Adrienne K Scott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Isabel Nelson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Stephanie E Schneider
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kristin Calahan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Corey P Neu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
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50
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Bealer EJ, Onissema-Karimu S, Rivera-Galletti A, Francis M, Wilkowski J, Salas-de la Cruz D, Hu X. Protein-Polysaccharide Composite Materials: Fabrication and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E464. [PMID: 32079322 PMCID: PMC7077675 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-polysaccharide composites have been known to show a wide range of applications in biomedical and green chemical fields. These composites have been fabricated into a variety of forms, such as films, fibers, particles, and gels, dependent upon their specific applications. Post treatments of these composites, such as enhancing chemical and physical changes, have been shown to favorably alter their structure and properties, allowing for specificity of medical treatments. Protein-polysaccharide composite materials introduce many opportunities to improve biological functions and contemporary technological functions. Current applications involving the replication of artificial tissues in tissue regeneration, wound therapy, effective drug delivery systems, and food colloids have benefited from protein-polysaccharide composite materials. Although there is limited research on the development of protein-polysaccharide composites, studies have proven their effectiveness and advantages amongst multiple fields. This review aims to provide insight on the elements of protein-polysaccharide complexes, how they are formed, and how they can be applied in modern material science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Bealer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (E.J.B.); (A.R.-G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.O.-K.); (M.F.); (J.W.)
| | - Shola Onissema-Karimu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.O.-K.); (M.F.); (J.W.)
| | - Ashley Rivera-Galletti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (E.J.B.); (A.R.-G.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Maura Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.O.-K.); (M.F.); (J.W.)
| | - Jason Wilkowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.O.-K.); (M.F.); (J.W.)
| | - David Salas-de la Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA;
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (E.J.B.); (A.R.-G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (S.O.-K.); (M.F.); (J.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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