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DA Silva WPP, Delanora LA, Rios BR, Barbosa S, Simon MEDS, Sukotjo C, Faverani LP. Feasible low bone density condition for assessing bioactivity in ex-in vivo and in vivo studies. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220411. [PMID: 37436279 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To choose a critical animal model for assessments of bone repair with implant installation by comparing senile rats (SENIL) to young ovariectomized rats (OXV). METHODOLOGY For the ex-in vivo study, the femurs were precursors for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cellular responses were performed, including cell viability, gene expression of osteoblastic markers, bone sialoprotein immunolocalization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized matrix formation. For the in vivo study, the animals received implants in the region of the bilateral tibial metaphysis for histometric, microtomography, reverse torque, and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Cell viability showed that the SENIL group had lower growth than OVX. Gene expression showed more critical responses for the SENIL group (p<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity obtained a lower expression in the SENIL group, as for the mineralization nodules (p<0.05). The in vivo histological parameters and biomechanical analysis showed lower data for the SENIL group. The confocal microscopy indicated the presence of a fragile bone in the SENIL group. The microtomography was similar between the groups. The histometry of the SENIL group showed the lowest values (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In experimental studies with assessments of bone repair using implant installation, the senile model promotes the most critical bone condition, allowing a better investigation of the properties of biomaterials and topographic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Phillip Pereira DA Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Alan Delanora
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Barbara Ribeiro Rios
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Stéfany Barbosa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria Eloise de Sá Simon
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Leonardo P Faverani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia, São Paulo, Brasil
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Synthesis of bioactive glass-based coating by plasma electrolytic oxidation: Untangling a new deposition pathway toward titanium implant surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:680-698. [PMID: 32652323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Although bioactive glass (BG) particle coatings were previously developed by different methods, poor particle adhesion to surfaces and reduced biological effects because of glass crystallization have limited their biomedical applications. To overcome this problem, we have untangled, for the first time, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) as a new pathway for the synthesis of bioactive glass-based coating (PEO-BG) on titanium (Ti) materials. EXPERIMENTS Electrolyte solution with bioactive elements (Na2SiO3-5H2O, C4H6O4Ca, NaNO3, and C3H7Na2O6P) was used as a precursor source to obtain a 45S5 bioglass-like composition on a Ti surface by PEO. Subsequently, the PEO-BG coating was investigated with respect to its surface, mechanical, tribological, electrochemical, microbiological, and biological properties, compared with those of machined and sandblasted/acid-etched control surfaces. FINDINGS PEO treatment produced a coating with complex surface topography, Ti crystalline phases, superhydrophilic status, chemical composition, and oxide layer similar to that of 45S5-BG (~45.0Si, 24.5 Ca, 24.5Na, 6.0P w/v%). PEO-BG enhanced Ti mechanical and tribological properties with higher corrosion resistance. Furthermore, PEO-BG had a positive influence in polymicrobial biofilms, by reducing pathogenic bacterial associated with biofilm-related infections. PEO-BG also showed higher adsorption of blood plasma proteins without cytotoxic effects on human cells, and thus may be considered a promising biocompatible approach for biomedical implants.
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Dini C, Nagay BE, Cordeiro JM, da Cruz NC, Rangel EC, Ricomini-Filho AP, de Avila ED, Barão VAR. UV-photofunctionalization of a biomimetic coating for dental implants application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110657. [PMID: 32204085 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photofunctionalization mediated by ultraviolet (UV) rays changes the physico-chemical characteristics of titanium (Ti) and improves the biological activity of dental implants. However, the role of UV-mediated photofunctionalization of biofunctional Ti surfaces on the antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity remains unknown and was investigated in this study. Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) discs were divided into four groups: (1) machined samples without UV light application [cpTi UV-]; (2) plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treated samples without UV light application [PEO UV-]; (3) machined samples with UV light application [cpTi UV+]; and (4) PEO-treated samples with UV light application [PEO UV+]. The surfaces were characterized according to their morphology, roughness, crystalline phase, chemical composition and wettability. The photocatalytic activity and proteins adsorption were measured. For the microbiological assay, Streptococcus sanguinis was grown on the disc surfaces for 1 h and 6 h, and the colony forming units and bacterial organization were evaluated. In addition, to confirm the non-cytotoxic effect of PEO UV +, human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were cultured in a monolayer onto each material surface and the cells viability and proliferation evaluated by a fluorescent cell staining method. PEO treatment increased the Ti surface roughness and wettability (p < 0.05). Photofunctionalization reduced the hydrocarbon concentration and enhanced human blood plasma proteins and albumin adsorption mainly for the PEO-treated surface (p < 0.05). PEO UV+ also maintained higher wettability values for a longer period and provided microbial reduction at 1 h of bacterial adhesion (p = 0.012 vs. PEO UV-). Photofunctionalization did not increase the photocatalytic activity of Ti (p > 0.05). Confocal microscopy analyses demonstrated that PEO UV+ had no cell damage effect on HGF cells growth even after 24 h of incubation. The photofunctionalization of a biofunctional PEO coating seems to be a promising alternative for dental implants as it increases blood plasma proteins adsorption, reduces initial bacterial adhesion and presents no cytotoxicity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dini
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna E Nagay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Jairo M Cordeiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Nilson C da Cruz
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Elidiane C Rangel
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Antônio P Ricomini-Filho
- Department of Physiological Science, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Erica D de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), R. Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
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Abstract
Titanium is well known as one of the most corrosion-resistant metals. However, it can suffer corrosion attacks in some specific aggressive conditions. To further increase its corrosion resistance, it is possible either to modify its surface, tuning either thickness, composition, morphology or structure of the oxide that spontaneously forms on the metal, or to modify its bulk composition. Part 2 of this review is dedicated to the corrosion of titanium and focuses on possible titanium treatments that can increase corrosion resistance. Both surface treatments, such as anodization or thermal or chemical oxidation, and bulk treatments, such as alloying, are considered, highlighting the advantages of each technique.
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Characterisation of Calcium- and Phosphorus-Enriched Porous Coatings on CP Titanium Grade 2 Fabricated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation. METALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/met7090354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Matos AO, Ricomini-Filho AP, Beline T, Ogawa ES, Costa-Oliveira BE, de Almeida AB, Nociti Junior FH, Rangel EC, da Cruz NC, Sukotjo C, Mathew MT, Barão VA. Three-species biofilm model onto plasma-treated titanium implant surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 152:354-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Incorporation of Ca, P, and Si on bioactive coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation: The role of electrolyte concentration and treatment duration. Biointerphases 2015; 10:041002. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4932579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Marques IDSV, Barão VAR, da Cruz NC, Yuan JCC, Mesquita MF, Ricomini-Filho AP, Sukotjo C, Mathew MT. Electrochemical behavior of bioactive coatings on cp-Ti surface for dental application. CORROSION SCIENCE 2015; 100:133-146. [PMID: 26834277 PMCID: PMC4730887 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The surface characteristics and electrochemical properties of bioactive coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with calcium, phosphorous, silicon and silver on commercially pure titanium were evaluated. PEO treatment produced a porous oxide layer, which improved the surface topography, and enriched the surface chemistry with bioactive elements, responsible for mimicking bone surface. The surfaces with higher calcium concentration presented antibacterial and biocompability properties with better responses for corrosion and barrier properties, due to the presence of rutile crystalline structure. PEO may be a promising surface treatment option to improve the electrochemical behavior of dental implants mitigating treatment failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella da Silva Vieira Marques
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, 13414-903
| | - Valentim Adelino Ricardo Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, 13414-903
| | - Nilson Cristino da Cruz
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Engineering College, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil, 18087-180
| | - Judy Chia-Chun Yuan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 S Paulina, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60612
| | - Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, 13414-903
| | - Antonio Pedro Ricomini-Filho
- Department of Physiological Science, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, 13414-903
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 S Paulina, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60612
| | - Mathew T. Mathew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 60612
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Rafieerad AR, Ashra MR, Mahmoodian R, Bushroa AR. Surface characterization and corrosion behavior of calcium phosphate-base composite layer on titanium and its alloys via plasma electrolytic oxidation: A review paper. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 57:397-413. [PMID: 26354281 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, calcium phosphate-base composites, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and carbonate apatite (CA) have been considered desirable and biocompatible coating layers in clinical and biomedical applications such as implants because of the high resistance of the composites. This review focuses on the effects of voltage, time and electrolytes on a calcium phosphate-base composite layer in case of pure titanium and other biomedical grade titanium alloys via the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. Remarkably, these parameters changed the structure, morphology, pH, thickness and crystallinity of the obtained coating for various engineering and biomedical applications. Hence, the structured layer caused improvement of the biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and assignment of extra benefits for Osseo integration. The fabricated layer with a thickness range of 10 to 20 μm was evaluated for physical, chemical, mechanical and tribological characteristics via XRD, FESEM, EDS, EIS and corrosion analysis respectively, to determine the effects of the applied parameters and various electrolytes on morphology and phase transition. Moreover, it was observed that during PEO, the concentration of calcium, phosphor and titanium shifts upward, which leads to an enhanced bioactivity by altering the thickness. The results confirm that the crystallinity, thickness and contents of composite layer can be changed by applying thermal treatments. The corrosion behavior was investigated via the potentiodynamic polarization test in a body-simulated environment. Here, the optimum corrosion resistance was obtained for the coating process condition at 500 V for 15 min in Ringer solution. This review has been summarized, aiming at the further development of PEO by producing more adequate titanium-base implants along with desired mechanical and biomedical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Rafieerad
- Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - M R Ashra
- Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - R Mahmoodian
- Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Research and Development, Azarin Kar Ind. Co., Industrial Zone 1, 7635168361 Kerman, Iran.
| | - A R Bushroa
- Center of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Department of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zhou R, Wei D, Cao J, Feng W, Cheng S, Du Q, Li B, Wang Y, Jia D, Zhou Y. Synergistic effects of surface chemistry and topologic structure from modified microarc oxidation coatings on Ti implants for improving osseointegration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8932-41. [PMID: 25860058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microarc oxidation (MAO) coating containing Ca, P, Si, and Na elements on a titanium (Ti) implant has been steam-hydrothermally treated and further mediated by post-heat treatment to overcome the compromised bone-implant integration. The bone regeneration, bone-implant contact, and biomechanical push-out force of the modified Ti implants are discussed thoroughly in this work. The best in vivo performances for the steam-hydrothermally treated one is attributed to the synergistic effects of surface chemistry and topologic structure. Through post-heat treatment, we can decouple the effects of surface chemistry and the nanoscale topologic structure easily. Attributed to the excellent in vivo performance of the surface-modified Ti implant, the steam-hydrothermal treatment could be a promising strategy to improve the osseointegration of the MAO coating covered Ti implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Daqing Wei
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jianyun Cao
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Su Cheng
- ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Qing Du
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Baoqiang Li
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yaming Wang
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Dechang Jia
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
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Sowa M, Piotrowska M, Widziołek M, Dercz G, Tylko G, Gorewoda T, Osyczka AM, Simka W. Bioactivity of coatings formed on Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy using plasma electrolytic oxidation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:159-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Zhou R, Wei D, Cao J, Feng W, Cheng S, Du Q, Li B, Wang Y, Jia D, Zhou Y. The effect of NaOH concentration on the steam-hydrothermally treated bioactive microarc oxidation coatings containing Ca, P, Si and Na on pure Ti surface. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:669-680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhou R, Wei D, Cao J, Feng W, Cheng S, Du Q, Li B, Wang Y, Jia D, Zhou Y. Conformal coating containing Ca, P, Si and Na with double-level porous surface structure on titanium formed by a three-step microarc oxidation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of conformal MAO coating on a Ti plate with a double-level porous surface, followed by characterization and evaluation in SBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Daqing Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Jianyun Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Su Cheng
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Yaming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Dechang Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
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Production of hydroxyapatite layers on the plasma electrolytically oxidized surface of titanium alloys. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 43:527-32. [PMID: 25175246 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioactive material that is widely used for improving the osseointegration of titanium dental implants. Titanium can be coated with HA by various methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), thermal spray, or plasma spray. HA coatings can also be grown on titanium surfaces by hydrothermal, chemical, and electrochemical methods. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), or microarc oxidation (MAO), is an electrochemical method that enables the production of a thick porous oxide layer on the surface of a titanium implant. If the electrolyte in which PEO is performed contains calcium and phosphate ions, the oxide layer produced may contain hydroxyapatite. The HA content can then be increased by subsequent hydrothermal treatment. The HA thus produced on titanium surfaces has attractive properties, such as a high porosity, a controllable thickness, and a considerable density, which favor its use in dental and bone surgery. This review summarizes the state of the art and possible further development of PEO for the production of HA on Ti implants.
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Krząkała A, Kazek-Kęsik A, Simka W. Application of plasma electrolytic oxidation to bioactive surface formation on titanium and its alloys. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43465f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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