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Li X, Wang Z, Wang Q, Akhmet N, Zhu H, Guo Z, Pan C, Lan X, Zhang S. Relationships between the mutations of the goat GATA binding protein 4 gene and growth traits. Gene 2024; 898:148095. [PMID: 38128793 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis is a complex multilevel process regulated by multiple genes. The GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) gene has been extensively studied for its pivotal role in bone genesis and bone differentiation. However, its relationship with the growth traits of Shaanbei white cashmere (SBWC) and Guizhou black (GB) goats remains unclear. This work aims to investigate the potential influence of genetic mutations in the GATA4 gene on the growth traits goats. Thus, two Insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms (8-bp-InDel and 9-bp-InDel) were screened and detected in a total of 1161 goats (including 980 SBWC goats and 181 GB goats) using PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. The analyses revealed that there were two genotypes (ID and DD) for these two loci. In SBWC goats, 8-bp-InDel and 9-bp-InDel loci were significantly associated with heart girth (HG) and hip width (HW). Notably, individuals with DD genotype of 8-bp-InDel locus were superior while those with DD genotype of 9-bp-InDel locus were inferior. Correlation analyses of the four combined genotypes revealed significant associations with cannon circumference (CC), body height (BH), HG and HW. This work provides a foundation for the application of molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) in goat breeding programs. Furthermore, the findings highlight the potential of the GATA4 gene and its genetic variations as valuable indicators for selecting goats with desirable growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nazar Akhmet
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- Life Science Research Center, Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Zhengang Guo
- Bijie Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Province,Bijie 551700, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Sihuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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Zhang Y, Qiao W, Ji Y, Meng L. GATA4 inhibits odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through targeting IGFBP3. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 154:105756. [PMID: 37451139 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) is associated with reparative dentinogenesis. Transcription factor GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) is proved to be essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone remodeling. This study clarified the function of GATA4 in HDPSCs odontoblast differentiation. METHODS The change in GATA4 expression during reparative dentin formation was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of GATA4 during HDPSCs odontoblastic differentiation was detected by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effect of GATA4 on odontoblast differentiation was investigated following overexpression lentivirus transfection. RNA sequencing, dual luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) were conducted to verify downstream targets of GATA4. GATA4 overexpression lentivirus and small interference RNA targeting IGFBP3 were co-transfected to investigate the regulatory mechanism of GATA4. RESULTS Upregulated GATA4 was observed during reparative dentin formation in vivo and the odontoblastic differentiation of HDPSCs in vitro. GATA4 overexpression suppressed the odontoblastic potential of HDPSCs, demonstrated by decreased alkaline phosphatase activity (p < 0.0001), mineralized nodules formation (p < 0.01), and odonto/osteogenic differentiation markers levels (p < 0.05). RNA sequencing revealed IGFBP3 was a potential target of GATA4. CHIP and dual luciferase assays identified GATA4 could activate IGFBP3 transcription. Additionally, IGFBP3 knockdown recovered the odontoblastic differentiation defect caused by GATA4 overexpression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GATA4 inhibited odontoblastic differentiation of HDPSCs via activating the transcriptional activity of IGFBP3, identifying its promising role in regulating HDPSCs odontoblast differentiation and reparative dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoting Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liuyan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Suthon S, Lin J, Perkins RS, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. Regulation and Function of FOXC1 in Osteoblasts. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:38. [PMID: 37754840 PMCID: PMC10531946 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens, which bind to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), are important for proper bone mineral density. When women go through menopause, estrogen levels decrease, and there is a decrease in bone quality, along with an increased risk for fractures. We previously identified an enhancer near FOXC1 as the most significantly enriched binding site for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in osteoblasts. FOXC1 is a transcription factor belonging to a large group of proteins known as forkhead box genes and is an important regulator of bone formation. Here, we demonstrate that 17β-estradiol (E2) increases the mRNA and protein levels of FOXC1 in primary mouse and human osteoblasts. GATA4 is a pioneer factor for ERα and it is also recruited to enhancers near Foxc1. Knockdown of Gata4 in mouse osteoblasts in vitro decreases Foxc1 expression as does knockout of Gata4 in vivo. Functionally, GATA4 and FOXC1 interact and regulate osteoblast proteins such as RUNX2, as demonstrated by ChIP-reChIP and luciferase assays. The most enriched motif in GATA4 binding sites from ChIP-seq is for FOXC1, supporting the notion that GATA4 and FOXC1 cooperate in regulating osteoblast differentiation. Together, these data demonstrate the interactions of the transcription factors ERα, GATA4, and FOXC1 to regulate each other's expression and other osteoblast differentiation genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarocha Suthon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jianjian Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rachel S. Perkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Susan A. Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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GATA4 and estrogen receptor alpha bind at SNPs rs9921222 and rs10794639 to regulate AXIN1 expression in osteoblasts. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1849-1861. [PMID: 35678873 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious public health problem that affects 200 million people worldwide. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the association between several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near WNT/β-catenin signaling genes and bone mineral density (BMD). The activation of β-catenin by WNT ligands is required for osteoblast differentiation. SNP rs9921222 is an intronic variant of AXIN1 (a scaffold protein in the destruction complex that regulates β-catenin signaling) that correlates with BMD. However, the biological mechanism of SNP rs9921222 has never been reported. Here, we show that the genotype of SNP rs9921222 correlates with the expression of AXIN1 in human osteoblasts. RNA and genomic DNA were analyzed from primary osteoblasts from 111 different individuals. Homozygous TT at rs9921222 correlates with a higher expression of AXIN1 than homozygous CC. Regional association analysis showed that rs9921222 is in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with SNP rs10794639. In silico transcription factor analysis predicted that rs9921222 is within a GATA4 motif and rs10794639 is adjacent to an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) motif. Mechanistically, GATA4 and ERα bind at SNPs rs9921222 and rs10794639 as detected by ChIP-qPCR. Luciferase assays demonstrate that rs9921222 is the causal SNP to alter ERα and GATA4 binding. GATA4 promoted the expression, and in contrast, ERα suppressed the expression of AXIN1 via the histone deacetylase complex member SIN3A. Functionally, the level of AXIN1 negatively correlates with the level of transcriptionally active β-catenin. In summary, we have discovered a molecular mechanism of the SNP rs9921222 to regulate AXIN1 through GATA4 and ERα binding in human osteoblasts.
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Estrogen receptor alpha and NFATc1 bind to a bone mineral density-associated SNP to repress WNT5B in osteoblasts. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:97-115. [PMID: 34906330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors and estrogen deficiency contribute to the development of osteoporosis. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2887571 is predicted from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to associate with osteoporosis but has had an unknown mechanism. Analysis of osteoblasts from 110 different individuals who underwent joint replacement revealed that the genotype of rs2887571 correlates with WNT5B expression. Analysis of our ChIP-sequencing data revealed that SNP rs2887571 overlaps with an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) binding site. Here we show that 17β-estradiol (E2) suppresses WNT5B expression and further demonstrate the mechanism of ERα binding at the enhancer containing rs2887571 to suppress WNT5B expression differentially in each genotype. ERα interacts with NFATc1, which is predicted to bind directly at rs2887571. CRISPR-Cas9 and ChIP-qPCR experiments confirm differential regulation of WNT5B between each allele. Homozygous GG has a higher binding affinity for ERα than homozygous AA and results in greater suppression of WNT5B expression. Functionally, WNT5B represses alkaline phosphatase expression and activity, decreasing osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Furthermore, WNT5B increases interleukin-6 expression and suppresses E2-induced expression of alkaline phosphatase during osteoblast differentiation. We show that WNT5B suppresses the differentiation of osteoblasts via receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1/2 (ROR1/2), which activates DVL2/3/RAC1/CDC42/JNK/SIN3A signaling and inhibits β-catenin activity. Together, our data provide mechanistic insight into how ERα and NFATc1 regulate the non-coding SNP rs2887571, as well as the function of WNT5B on osteoblasts, which could provide alternative therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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Larrañaga-Vera A, Toti KS, Flatow JS, Haraczy AJ, Warnick E, Rao H, Gao ZG, Sussman SM, Mediero A, Leucht P, Jacobson KA, Cronstein BN. Novel alendronate-CGS21680 conjugate reduces bone resorption and induces new bone formation in post-menopausal osteoporosis and inflammatory osteolysis mouse models. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:265. [PMID: 36494860 PMCID: PMC9733060 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of bone is a common medical problem and, while it can be treated with available therapies, some of these therapies have critical side effects. We have previously demonstrated that CGS21680, a selective A2A adenosine receptor agonist, prevents bone loss, but its on-target toxicities (hypotension, tachycardia) and frequent dosing requirements make it unusable in the clinic. We therefore generated a novel alendronate-CGS21680 conjugate (MRS7216), to target the agonist to bone where it remains for long periods thereby diminishing the frequency of administration and curtailing side effects. MRS7216 was synthesized from CGS21680 by sequential activation of the carboxylic acid moiety and reacting with an appropriate amino acid (PEG, alendronic acid) under basic conditions. MRS7216 was tested on C57BL/6J (WT) mice with established osteoporosis (OP) and WT or A2A KO mice with wear particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis (OL). Mice were treated weekly with MRS7216 (10mg/kg). Bone formation was studied after in vivo labeling with calcein/Alizarin Red, and μCT and histology analyses were performed. In addition, human primary osteoblasts and osteoclasts were cultured using bone marrow discarded after hip replacement. Receptor binding studies demonstrate that MRS7216 efficiently binds the A2A adenosine receptor. MRS7216-treated OP and OL mice had significant new bone formation and reduced bone loss compared to vehicle or alendronate-treated mice. Histological analysis showed that MRS7216 treatment significantly reduced osteoclast number and increased osteoblast number in murine models. Interestingly, cultured human osteoclast differentiation was inhibited, and osteoblast differentiation was stimulated by the compound indicating that MRS7216 conjugates represent a novel therapeutic approach to treat osteoporosis and osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrañaga-Vera
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, Medical Science Building, Room, New York, NY 251 USA
| | - Kiran S. Toti
- grid.419635.c0000 0001 2203 7304Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - James S. Flatow
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, Medical Science Building, Room, New York, NY 251 USA
| | - Alexandra J. Haraczy
- grid.419635.c0000 0001 2203 7304Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Eugene Warnick
- grid.419635.c0000 0001 2203 7304Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Harsha Rao
- grid.419635.c0000 0001 2203 7304Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- grid.419635.c0000 0001 2203 7304Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sarah M. Sussman
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Aranzazu Mediero
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, Medical Science Building, Room, New York, NY 251 USA ,grid.419651.e0000 0000 9538 1950Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philipp Leucht
- grid.283061.e0000 0001 2325 0879Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- grid.419635.c0000 0001 2203 7304Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Bruce N. Cronstein
- grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, Medical Science Building, Room, New York, NY 251 USA ,grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY USA
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Qiu T, Li H, Lu T, Shu L, Chen C, Wang C. GATA4 regulates osteogenic differentiation by targeting miR-144-3p. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:83. [PMID: 34934452 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play an important role in regulating osteogenic differentiation, but their specific regulatory mechanism requires further investigation. In the present study, it was revealed that during osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the expression level of miR-144-3p was decreased with increased osteogenic induction duration and was negatively associated with osteogenic marker gene expression. Overexpression of miR-144-3p inhibited osteogenic differentiation, while inhibition of miR-144-3p expression promoted osteogenic differentiation. In addition, dual-luciferase activity analysis and adenovirus infection experiments revealed that GATA binding protein 4 targeted miR-144-3p for regulation and that overexpression of GATA4 promoted the expression of miR-144-3p. These data indicated that miR-144-3p plays a role in inhibiting BMSC osteogenic differentiation and that GATA4 inhibits osteogenic differentiation by targeting miR-144-3p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Biomedicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Biomedicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Biomedicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Liping Shu
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Biomedicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Biomedicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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Zhu N, Zheng X, Qiao W, Huang W, Li R, Song Y. Activation of GATA-binding protein 4 regulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and chemotaxis in periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:195-204. [PMID: 34773653 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal supporting tissues. The persistent inflammatory reaction depends on the release of chemokines to continuously recruit inflammation cells. GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) exerts effects on senescence and inflammation, while its role in periodontitis is far from clear. The present study aims to address the effect of GATA4 on regulating chemokines and the chemotaxis in periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Periodontitis rat models were constructed to detect the expression of GATA4 and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by immunohistochemistry. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and GATA4-knockdown by siRNA transient transfection PDL cells were used to explore the correlation between GATA4 and chemokines. Transwell assay was performed to detect the role of GATA4 for the recruitment effect of chemokines on macrophages. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors were scheduled to intervene in LPS-stimulated PDL cells to examine the association between MAPK signaling pathways and GATA4. The expression of GATA4, chemokines, or MAPK signaling molecules was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, or cell immunofluorescence. RESULTS The expression of GATA4 and MCP-1 was significantly increased in periodontitis rat models and in LPS-stimulated PDL cells. Knockdown GATA4 inhibited the expression of GATA4 and MCP-1 as well as suppressed the recruitment of macrophage in LPS-stimulated PDL cells. Inhibitors of p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways significantly downregulated the increased expression of GATA4 and MCP-1 induced by LPS in PDL cells. CONCLUSIONS GATA-binding protein 4 could act as an upstream regulator of MCP-1 and as a downstream regulator of p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways to initiate inflammation response and regulate chemotaxis during the progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqing Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wushuang Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ohba S. Genome-scale actions of master regulators directing skeletal development. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:217-223. [PMID: 34745394 PMCID: PMC8556520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skeleton develops through two distinct modes of ossification: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. During the process of skeletal development, SRY-box containing gene 9 (Sox9), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Sp7 work as master transcription factors (TFs) or transcriptional regulators, underlying cell fate specification of the two distinct populations: bone-forming osteoblasts and cartilage-forming chondrocytes. In the past two decades, core transcriptional circuits underlying skeletal development have been identified mainly through mouse genetics and biochemical approaches. Recently emerging next-generation sequencer (NGS)-based studies have provided genome-scale views on the gene regulatory landscape programmed by the master TFs/transcriptional regulators. With particular focus on Sox9, Runx2, and Sp7, this review aims to discuss the gene regulatory landscape in skeletal development, which has been identified by genome-scale data, and provide future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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Guo S, Gu J, Ma J, Xu R, Wu Q, Meng L, Liu H, Li L, Xu Y. GATA4-driven miR-206-3p signatures control orofacial bone development by regulating osteogenic and osteoclastic activity. Theranostics 2021; 11:8379-8395. [PMID: 34373748 PMCID: PMC8344011 DOI: 10.7150/thno.58052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth disorders in the orofacial bone development process may lead to orofacial deformities. The balance between bone matrix formation by mesenchymal lineage osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts is vital for orofacial bone development. Although the mechanisms of orofacial mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) in orofacial bone development have been studied intensively, the communication between OMSCs and osteoclasts remains largely unclear. Methods: We used a neural crest cell-specific knockout mouse model to investigate orofacial bone development in GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) morphants. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of OMSCs-derived exosomes (OMExos) on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption activity in vitro. miRNAs were extracted from OMExos, and differences in miRNA abundances were determined using an Affymetrix miRNA array. Luciferase reporter assays were used to validate the binding between GATA4 and miR-206-3p in OMSCs and to confirm the putative binding of miR-206-3p and its target genes in OMSCs and osteoclasts. The regulatory mechanism of the GATA4-miR-206-3p axis in OMSC osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastogenesis was examined in vitro and in vivo. Results: Wnt1-Cre;Gata4fl/fl mice (cKO) not only presented inhibited bone formation but also showed active bone resorption. Osteoclasts cocultured in vitro with cKO OMSCs presented an increased capacity for osteoclastogenesis, which was exosome-dependent. Affymetrix miRNA array analysis showed that miR-206-3p was downregulated in exosomes from shGATA4 OMSCs. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of miR-206-3p was directly regulated by GATA4 in OMSCs. We further demonstrated that miR-206-3p played a key role in the regulation of orofacial bone development by directly targeting bone morphogenetic protein-3 (Bmp3) and nuclear factor of activated T -cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). OMExos and agomiR-206-3p enhanced bone mass in Wnt1-cre;Gata4fl/fl mice by augmenting trabecular bone structure and decreasing osteoclast numbers. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that miR-206-3p is an important downstream factor of GATA4 that regulates the functions of OMSCs and osteoclasts. These results demonstrate the efficiency of OMExos and microRNA agomirs in promoting bone regeneration, which provide an ideal therapeutic tool for orofacial bone deformities in the future.
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Regulation and Role of Transcription Factors in Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115445. [PMID: 34064134 PMCID: PMC8196788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue constantly responding to environmental changes such as nutritional and mechanical stress. Bone homeostasis in adult life is maintained through bone remodeling, a controlled and balanced process between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Osteoblasts secrete matrix, with some being buried within the newly formed bone, and differentiate to osteocytes. During embryogenesis, bones are formed through intramembraneous or endochondral ossification. The former involves a direct differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor to osteoblasts, and the latter is through a cartilage template that is subsequently converted to bone. Advances in lineage tracing, cell sorting, and single-cell transcriptome studies have enabled new discoveries of gene regulation, and new populations of skeletal stem cells in multiple niches, including the cartilage growth plate, chondro-osseous junction, bone, and bone marrow, in embryonic development and postnatal life. Osteoblast differentiation is regulated by a master transcription factor RUNX2 and other factors such as OSX/SP7 and ATF4. Developmental and environmental cues affect the transcriptional activities of osteoblasts from lineage commitment to differentiation at multiple levels, fine-tuned with the involvement of co-factors, microRNAs, epigenetics, systemic factors, circadian rhythm, and the microenvironments. In this review, we will discuss these topics in relation to transcriptional controls in osteogenesis.
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12
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Weiss CV, Harshman L, Inoue F, Fraser HB, Petrov DA, Ahituv N, Gokhman D. The cis-regulatory effects of modern human-specific variants. eLife 2021; 10:e63713. [PMID: 33885362 PMCID: PMC8062137 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes enabled the discovery of sequences that differ between modern and archaic humans, the majority of which are noncoding. However, our understanding of the regulatory consequences of these differences remains limited, in part due to the decay of regulatory marks in ancient samples. Here, we used a massively parallel reporter assay in embryonic stem cells, neural progenitor cells, and bone osteoblasts to investigate the regulatory effects of the 14,042 single-nucleotide modern human-specific variants. Overall, 1791 (13%) of sequences containing these variants showed active regulatory activity, and 407 (23%) of these drove differential expression between human groups. Differentially active sequences were associated with divergent transcription factor binding motifs, and with genes enriched for vocal tract and brain anatomy and function. This work provides insight into the regulatory function of variants that emerged along the modern human lineage and the recent evolution of human gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly V Weiss
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, StanfordStanfordUnited States
| | - Lana Harshman
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Fumitaka Inoue
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Hunter B Fraser
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, StanfordStanfordUnited States
| | - Dmitri A Petrov
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, StanfordStanfordUnited States
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - David Gokhman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, StanfordStanfordUnited States
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13
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Luo L, Gong J, Zhang H, Qin J, Li C, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhou Y, Tian Z, Liu Y, Liu M. Cartilage Endplate Stem Cells Transdifferentiate Into Nucleus Pulposus Cells via Autocrine Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648201. [PMID: 33748142 PMCID: PMC7970302 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from cartilage endplate (CEP) cells (CESCs) repair intervertebral disc (IVD) injury; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we evaluated whether CESCs could transdifferentiate into nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) via autocrine exosomes and subsequently inhibit IVD degeneration. Exosomes derived from CESCs (CESC-Exos) were extracted and identified by ultra-high-speed centrifugation and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of exosomes on the invasion, migration, and differentiation of CESCs were assessed. The exosome-activating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/Wnt pathway was investigated using lenti-HIF-1α and Wnt agonists/inhibitors in cells and gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis in normal and degenerated human CEP tissue. The effects of GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression and on the invasion, migration, and transdifferentiation of CESCs were investigated using lenti-GATA4, TGF-β agonists, and inhibitors. Additionally, IVD repair was investigated by injecting CESCs overexpressing GATA4 into rats. The results indicated that CESC-Exos promoted the invasion, migration, and differentiation of CESCs by autocrine exosomes via the HIF-1α/Wnt pathway. Additionally, increased HIF-1α enhanced the activation of Wnt signaling and activated GATA4 expression. GATA4 effectively promoted TGF-β secretion and enhanced the invasion, migration, and transdifferentiation of CESCs into NPCs, resulting in promotion of rat IVD repair. CESCs were also converted into NPCs as endplate degeneration progressed in human samples. Overall, we found that CESC-Exos activated HIF-1α/Wnt signaling via autocrine mechanisms to increase the expression of GATA4 and TGF-β1, thereby promoting the migration of CESCs into the IVD and the transformation of CESCs into NPCs and inhibiting IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghao Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - MingHan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Khalid AB, Pence J, Suthon S, Lin J, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. GATA4 regulates mesenchymal stem cells via direct transcriptional regulation of the WNT signalosome. Bone 2021; 144:115819. [PMID: 33338666 PMCID: PMC7855755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
GATA4 is a transcription factor that regulates osteoblast differentiation. However, GATA4 is expressed at a higher level in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) than in osteoblasts. Therefore, the role of GATA4 in limb bud mesenchyme differentiation was investigated in mice by knocking out Gata4 using Cre-recombinase controlled by the Prx1 promoter (herein called Gata4 Prx-cKO mice). μCT analysis of the Gata4 Prx-cKO mice showed a decrease in trabecular bone properties compared with wildtype (Gata4fl/fl) littermates. Gata4 Prx-cKO mice have fewer MSCs as measured by CFU-F assays, mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC2) (flow cytometry of Sca1+/CD45-/CD34-/CD44hi) and nestin immunofluorescence. Gata4 Prx-cKO bone marrow-derived MSCs have a significant reduction in WNT ligands, including WNT10B, and WNT signalosome components compared to control cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates that GATA4 is recruited to enhancers near Wnt3a, Wnt10b, Fzd6 and Dkk1. GATA4 also directly represses YAP in wildtype cells, and the absence of Gata4 leads to increased YAP expression. Together, we show that the decrease in MSCs is due to loss of Gata4 and a WNT10B-dependent positive autoregulatory loop. This leads to a concurrent increase of YAP and less activated β-catenin. These results explain the decreased trabecular bone in Gata4 Prx-cKO mice. We suggest that WNT signalosome activity in MSCs requires Gata4 and Wnt10b expression for lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha B Khalid
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn Pence
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Sarocha Suthon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Jianjian Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Gustavo A Miranda-Carboni
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America; Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America.
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15
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Chou LY, Chen CH, Chuang SC, Cheng TL, Lin YH, Chou HC, Fu YC, Wang YH, Wang CZ. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Regulates Runx2 during Osteogenesis of Osteoblasts and Promotes Bone Ossification via Phosphorylation of p38. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197210. [PMID: 33003599 PMCID: PMC7582985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (Drd1) is a collagen-binding membrane protein, but its role in osteoblasts during osteogenesis remains undefined. We generated inducible osteoblast-specific Ddr1 knockout (OKOΔDdr1) mice; their stature at birth, body weight and body length were significantly decreased compared with those of control Ddr1f/f-4OHT mice. We hypothesize that Ddr1 regulates osteogenesis of osteoblasts. Micro-CT showed that compared to 4-week-old Ddr1f/f-4OHT mice, OKOΔDdr1 mice presented significant decreases in cancellous bone volume and trabecular number and significant increases in trabecular separation. The cortical bone volume was decreased in OKOΔDdr1 mice, resulting in decreased mechanical properties of femurs compared with those of Ddr1f/f-4OHT mice. In femurs of 4-week-old OKOΔDdr1 mice, H&E staining showed fewer osteocytes and decreased cortical bone thickness than Ddr1f/f-4OHT. Osteoblast differentiation markers, including BMP2, Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Col-I and OC, were decreased compared with those of control mice. Ddr1 knockdown in osteoblasts resulted in decreased mineralization, ALP activity, phosphorylated p38 and protein levels of BMP2, Runx2, ALP, Col-I and OC during osteogenesis. Overexpression and knockdown of Ddr1 in osteoblasts demonstrated that DDR1 mediates the expression and activity of Runx2 and the downstream osteogenesis markers during osteogenesis through regulation of p38 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yin Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-C.F.)
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (S.-C.C.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (S.-C.C.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Division of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (S.-C.C.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (S.-C.C.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chiao Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-C.F.)
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (S.-C.C.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chih Fu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-C.F.)
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (S.-C.C.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hsiung Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (S.-C.C.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Zen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.); (H.-C.C.); (Y.-C.F.)
- Orthopaedic Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (S.-C.C.); (T.-L.C.); (Y.-H.W.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101
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16
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Gao X, Ge J, Li W, Zhou WC, Xu L, Geng DQ. Over-expression of miR-411-5p and miR-434-3p promotes the osteoblast differentiation by targeting GATA4. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110759. [PMID: 32061766 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of miR-411-5p and miR-434-3p in osteoblast differentiation in particulate-induced osteolysis. METHODS A mouse model of osteolysis and an in vitro osteolysis model were constructed. The expressions of molecules were detected using qRT-PCR and western blot. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured using the ALP Assay Kit, and the bone mineralization was measured using alizarin red staining. RESULTS The expression of miR-411-5p and miR-434-3p was decreased in osteolysis mice and UHMWPE-induced mMSCs, while GATA4 protein expression was increased. Over-expression of miR-411-5p and miR-434-3p up-regulated the expressions of osteoblast gene markers, enhanced the ALP activity, promoted the bone mineralization of mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, miR-411-5p and miR-434-3p could target GATA4, and miR-411-5p/434-3p affected the expressions of osteoblast gene markers through GATA4 in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-411-5p and miR-434-3p promoted the osteoblast differentiation by inhibiting GATA4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuren Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
| | - Jian Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Wang-Chen Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
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17
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Gomathi K, Akshaya N, Srinaath N, Moorthi A, Selvamurugan N. Regulation of Runx2 by post-translational modifications in osteoblast differentiation. Life Sci 2020; 245:117389. [PMID: 32007573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis is the process of new bone formation where transcription factors play an important role in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a key transcription factor, regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, which further mature into osteocytes. Runx2 acts as a modulator such that it can either stimulate or inhibit the osteoblast differentiation. A defect/alteration in the expression/activity of this gene may lead to skeletal dysplasia. Runx2 thus serves as the best therapeutic model gene for studying bone and bone-related diseases. In this review, we briefly outline the regulation of Runx2 and its activity at the post-translational levels by the virtue of phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination in controlling the bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gomathi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Akshaya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Srinaath
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Moorthi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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18
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Zhang Y, Fang M, Yang Z, Qin W, Guo S, Ma J, Chen W. GATA Binding Protein 4 Regulates Tooth Root Dentin Development via FBP1. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:181-193. [PMID: 31892855 PMCID: PMC6930368 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.36567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth development is a complex process that is regulated precisely by several signalling pathways and transcription factors. GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) is a DNA binding transcription factor, and our previous study showed that GATA4 is a novel regulator of root development. However, it remains unclear whether GATA4 is necessary for odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. Here, we evaluated the phenotypic changes of Wnt1-Cre;GATA4fl/fl mice. The mutant mice showed defective dentin and short root deformity. The odontoblasts lost polarity instead of exhibiting a shorter height and flattened morphology. Moreover, the expression of several molecules, such as DSPP, COL-1, DCN, and PCNA, were downregulated during mutant tooth development. In vivo, we injected lentivirus to overexpress GATA4 in mice root. The dentin formation and the expression of odonto/osteogenic markers (DSPP, COL-1, DCN) were enhanced in the GATA4 overexpression group. During the in vitro study, the ability of proliferation, migration and odonto/osteogenic differentiation was declined by GATA4 knockdown approach in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The expression of odonto/osteogenic markers (DSPP, BMP4, RUNX2, OSX, OPN, OCN) was reduced in the shGATA4 group, while overexpressing GATA4 in DPSCs promoted mineralization. Furthermore, an immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry procedure was used to confirm the interaction between GATA4 and Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1). We used gain and lose-of-function to delineated the role of GATA4 in regulating FBP1 expression. Knocking down GATA4 in DPSCs resulted in decreased glucose consumption and lactate production. We used small hairpin RNA targeting FBP1 to reduce the expression of FBP1 in DPSCs, which significantly increased glucose consumption and lactate production. Together, the results suggested that GATA4 is important for root formation and odontoblast polarity, as it promotes the growth and differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells around the root and affects the glucose metabolism of DPSCs via the negative regulation of FBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengru Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Simultaneous Multi-Organ Metastases from Chemo-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Are Prevented by Interfering with WNT-Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122039. [PMID: 31861131 PMCID: PMC6966654 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), which lack specific targeted therapy options, evolve into highly chemo-resistant tumors that metastasize to multiple organs simultaneously. We have previously shown that TNBCs maintain an activated WNT10B-driven network that drives metastasis. Pharmacologic inhibition by ICG-001 decreases β-catenin-mediated proliferation of multiple TNBC cell lines and TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived cell lines. In vitro, ICG-001 was effective in combination with the conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, cisplatin and doxorubicin, to decrease the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast, in TNBC PDX-derived cells doxorubicin plus ICG-001 was synergistic, while pairing with cisplatin was not as effective. Mechanistically, cytotoxicity induced by doxorubicin, but not cisplatin, with ICG-001 was associated with increased cleavage of PARP-1 in the PDX cells only. In vivo, MDA-MB-231 and TNBC PDX orthotopic primary tumors initiated de novo simultaneous multi-organ metastases, including bone metastases. WNT monotherapy blocked multi-organ metastases as measured by luciferase imaging and histology. The loss of expression of the WNT10B/β-catenin direct targets HMGA2, EZH2, AXIN2, MYC, PCNA, CCND1, transcriptionally active β-catenin, SNAIL and vimentin both in vitro and in vivo in the primary tumors mechanistically explains loss of multi-organ metastases. WNT monotherapy induced VEGFA expression in both tumor model systems, whereas increased CD31 was observed only in the MDA-MB-231 tumors. Moreover, WNT-inhibition sensitized the anticancer response of the TNBC PDX model to doxorubicin, preventing simultaneous metastases to the liver and ovaries, as well as to bone. Our data demonstrate that WNT-inhibition sensitizes TNBC to anthracyclines and treats multi-organ metastases of TNBC.
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20
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Human osteogenic differentiation in Space: proteomic and epigenetic clues to better understand osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8343. [PMID: 31171801 PMCID: PMC6554341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the frame of the VITA mission of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), we addressed the problem of Space osteoporosis by using human blood-derived stem cells (BDSCs) as a suitable osteogenic differentiation model. In particular, we investigated proteomic and epigenetic changes in BDSCs during osteoblastic differentiation induced by rapamycin under microgravity conditions. A decrease in the expression of 4 embryonic markers (Sox2, Oct3/4, Nanog and E-cadherin) was found to occur to a larger extent on board the ISS than on Earth, along with an earlier activation of the differentiation process towards the osteogenic lineage. The changes in the expression of 4 transcription factors (Otx2, Snail, GATA4 and Sox17) engaged in osteogenesis supported these findings. We then ascertained whether osteogenic differentiation of BDSCs could depend on epigenetic regulation, and interrogated changes of histone H3 that is crucial in this type of gene control. Indeed, we found that H3K4me3, H3K27me2/3, H3K79me2/3 and H3K9me2/3 residues are engaged in cellular reprogramming that drives gene expression. Overall, we suggest that rapamycin induces transcriptional activation of BDSCs towards osteogenic differentiation, through increased GATA4 and Sox17 that modulate downstream transcription factors (like Runx2), critical for bone formation. Additional studies are warranted to ascertain the possible exploitation of these data to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat osteoporosis, not only in Space but also on Earth.
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Khalid AB, Slayden AV, Kumpati J, Perry CD, Berryhill SB, Crawford JA, Fatima I, Morselli M, Pellegrini M, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. GATA4 represses RANKL in osteoblasts via multiple long-range enhancers to regulate osteoclast differentiation. Bone 2018; 116:78-86. [PMID: 30031905 PMCID: PMC6158087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is a transcription factor that is responsible for tissue-specific gene regulation in many tissues, and more recent studies showed that it is necessary for osteoblast differentiation. Previously, we showed that in vivo deletion of Gata4 using Cre-recombinase under the control of the Col1a1 2.3 kb promoter, showed significantly reduced trabecular bone properties. To understand the role of GATA4 in more differentiated cells, GATA4fl/fl mice were crossed with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the control of the osteocalcin promoter. MicroCT analysis of trabecular bone properties of the femur and tibia from 14-week-old female osteocalcin-Cre/GATA4fl/fl (OCN-cKO) mice showed a significant reduction in percentage bone volume, a decrease in trabecular number and an increase in trabecular spacing. In vivo, histomorphometric analysis revealed a decrease in the number of osteoblasts and an increase in the number of osteoclasts in the tibiae of OCN-cKO mice. In vivo and in vitro systems correlated a decrease in Gata4 mRNA with increased RANKL gene expression. To determine if RANKL is a direct target of GATA4, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing was performed, and it demonstrated that GATA4 is recruited to seven enhancers near RANKL. Furthermore, when Gata4 is knocked down, the chromatin at the RANKL region is further opened, as detected by a reduction in histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and an increase in histone 3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) in the RANKL locus. In vitro, TRAP staining of cells from bone marrow cultures from Gata4 knockout cells show that the increased levels of RANKL are sufficient for osteoclast formation. Together, the data suggest that GATA4 directly represses RANKL expression via seven cis-regulatory regions and plays an important role in maintaining proper bone development and osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha B Khalid
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alexandria V Slayden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jerusha Kumpati
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chanel D Perry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stuart B Berryhill
- Bone Histology and Imaging Core, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Julie A Crawford
- Bone Histology and Imaging Core, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Iram Fatima
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gustavo A Miranda-Carboni
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
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Tremblay M, Sanchez-Ferras O, Bouchard M. GATA transcription factors in development and disease. Development 2018; 145:145/20/dev164384. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.164384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The GATA family of transcription factors is of crucial importance during embryonic development, playing complex and widespread roles in cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis. GATA proteins are essential for the development of tissues derived from all three germ layers, including the skin, brain, gonads, liver, hematopoietic, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. The crucial activity of GATA factors is underscored by the fact that inactivating mutations in most GATA members lead to embryonic lethality in mouse models and are often associated with developmental diseases in humans. In this Primer, we discuss the unique and redundant functions of GATA proteins in tissue morphogenesis, with an emphasis on their regulation of lineage specification and early organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
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