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Dimitrijevs P, Makrecka-Kuka M, Bogucka A, Hyvönen M, Pantelejevs T, Arsenyan P. Development of isoselenazolium chlorides as selective pyruvate kinase isoform M2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115504. [PMID: 37216812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in cancer metabolic pathways open up an opportunity for targeted and effective elimination of tumor cells. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is predominantly expressed in proliferating cells and plays an essential role in directing glucose metabolism in cancer. Here, we report the design of novel class of selective PKM2 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents and their mechanism of action. Compound 5c being the most active with IC50 = 0.35 ± 0.07 μM, also downregulates PKM2 mRNA expression, modulates mitochondrial functionality, induces oxidative burst and is cytotoxic for various cancer types. Isoselenazolium chlorides have an unusual mechanism of PKM2 inhibition, inducing a functionally deficient tetrameric assembly, while exhibiting a competitive inhibitor character. The discovery of robust PKM2 inhibitors not only offers candidates for anticancer therapy but is also crucial for studying the role of PKM2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavels Dimitrijevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV1006, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Agnieszka Bogucka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Ct Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Ct Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Teodors Pantelejevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pavel Arsenyan
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV1006, Riga, Latvia.
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2
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Abstract
The allosteric regulation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) affects the switching of the PKM2 protein between the high-activity and low-activity states that allow ATP and lactate production, respectively. PKM2, in its low catalytic state (dimeric form), is chiefly active in metabolically energetic cells, including cancer cells. More recently, PKM2 has emerged as an attractive target due to its role in metabolic dysfunction and other interrelated conditions. PKM2 (dimer) activity can be inhibited by modulating PKM2 dimer-tetramer dynamics using either PKM2 inhibitors that bind at the ATP binding active site of PKM2 (dimer) or PKM2 activators that bind at the allosteric site of PKM2, thus activating PKM2 from the dimer formation to the tetrameric formation. The present perspective focuses on medicinal chemistry approaches to design and discover PKM2 inhibitors and activators and further provides a scope for the future design of compounds targeting PKM2 with better efficacy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Arora
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248171, India
| | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Santoshkumar Patil
- Discovery Services, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, SEZ, Bommasandra Industrial Area-Phase-IV, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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Han L, Fu Q, Deng C, Luo L, Xiang T, Zhao H. Immunomodulatory potential of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumour. Scand J Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Han
- Department of Pathophysiology Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
- Department of Endocrinology People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing Chongqing China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Organ Transplantation Center Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Chuan Deng
- Department of Neurology People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing Chongqing China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
| | - Tengxiao Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology People’s Hospital of Changshou Chongqing Chongqing China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
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4
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An X, Yu L, Wang S, Ao Y, Zhan X, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Li M, Shu X, Li F, He L, Zhao J. Kinetic Characterization and Inhibitor Screening of Pyruvate Kinase I From Babesia microti. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:710678. [PMID: 34603237 PMCID: PMC8481833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.710678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The apicomplexan Babesia microti is a main pathogenic parasite causing human babesiosis, which is one of the most widely distributed tick-borne diseases in humans. Pyruvate kinase (PYK) plays a central metabolic regulatory role in most living organisms and catalyzes the essentially irreversible step in glycolysis that converts phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate. Hence, PYK is recognized as an attractive therapeutic target in cancer and human pathogens such as apicomplexans. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and purified B. microti PYK I (BmPYKI). Western blotting illustrated that anti-rBmPYKI antibody could specifically recognize the native BmPYKI protein in the lysate of B. microti with a 54-kDa band, which is consistent with the predicted size. In addition, the enzymatic activity of the purified recombinant PYKI (rPYKI) was tested under a range of pH values. The results showed that the maximum catalytic activity could be achieved at pH 7.0. The saturation curves for substrates demonstrated that the Km value for PEP was 0.655 ± 0.117 mM and that for ADP was 0.388 ± 0.087 mM. We further investigated the effect of 13 compounds on rBmPYKI. Kinetic analysis indicated that six inhibitors (tannic acid, shikonin, apigenin, PKM2 inhibitor, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone) could significantly inhibit the catalytic activity of PYKI, among which tannic acid is the most efficient inhibitor with an IC50 value 0.49 μM. Besides, four inhibitors (tannic acid, apigenin, shikonin, and PKM2 inhibitor) could significantly decrease the growth of in vitro-cultured B. microti with IC50 values of 0.77, 2.10, 1.73, and 1.15 μM. Overall, the present study provides a theoretical basis for the design and development of new anti-Babesia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangsiqi Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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He XY, Xu Y, Xia QJ, Zhao XM, Li S, He XQ, Wang RR, Wang TH. Combined Scutellarin and C 18H 17NO 6 Imperils the Survival of Glioma: Partly Associated With the Repression of PSEN1/PI3K-AKT Signaling Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663262. [PMID: 34568005 PMCID: PMC8460401 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma, the most common intracranial tumor, harbors great harm. Since the treatment for it has reached the bottleneck stage, the development of new drugs becomes a trend. Therefore, we focus on the effect of scutellarin (SCU) and its combination with C18H17NO6 (abbreviated as combination) on glioma and its possible mechanism in this study. Firstly, SCU and C18H17NO6 both suppressed the proliferation of U251 and LN229 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and C18H17NO6 augmented the inhibition effect of SCU on U251 and LN229 cells in vitro. Moreover, there was an interactive effect between them. Secondly, SCU and C18H17NO6 decreased U251 cells in G2 phase and LN229 cells in G2 and S phases but increased U251 cells in S phase, respectively. Meanwhile, the combination could further reduce U251 cells in G2 phase and LN229 cells in G2 and S phases. Thirdly, SCU and C18H17NO6 both induced the apoptosis of U251 and LN229. The combination further increased the apoptosis rate of both cells compared with the two drugs alone. Furthermore, SCU and C18H17NO6 both inhibited the lateral and vertical migration of both cells, which was further repressed by the combination. More importantly, the effect of SCU and the combination was better than positive control-temozolomide, and the toxicity was low. Additionally, SCU and C18H17NO6 could suppress the growth of glioma in vivo, and the effect of the combination was better. Finally, SCU and the combination upregulated the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) level but inactivated the phosphatidylinositol 3−kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, we concluded that scutellarin and its combination with C18H17NO6 suppressed the proliferation/growth and migration and induced the apoptosis of glioma, in which the mechanism might be associated with the repression of PSEN1/PI3K-AKT signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ying He
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Jie Xia
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ru-Rong Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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6
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Rathod B, Chak S, Patel S, Shard A. Tumor pyruvate kinase M2 modulators: a comprehensive account of activators and inhibitors as anticancer agents. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1121-1141. [PMID: 34355179 PMCID: PMC8292966 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate. It plays a central role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and is expressed in most human tumors. It is essential in indiscriminate proliferation, survival, and tackling apoptosis in cancer cells. This positions PKM2 as a hot target in cancer therapy. Despite its well-known structure and several reported modulators targeting PKM2 as activators or inhibitors, a comprehensive review focusing on such modulators is lacking. Herein we summarize modulators of PKM2, the assays used to detect their potential, the preferable tense (T) and relaxed (R) states in which the enzyme resides, lacunae in existing modulators, and several strategies that may lead to effective anticancer drug development targeting PKM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashri Rathod
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Opposite Air Force Station Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Shivam Chak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Opposite Air Force Station Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Sagarkumar Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Opposite Air Force Station Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Opposite Air Force Station Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
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7
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Sun X, Peng Y, Zhao J, Xie Z, Lei X, Tang G. Discovery and development of tumor glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104891. [PMID: 33940446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells mainly provide necessary energy and substances for rapid cell growth through aerobic perglycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation. This phenomenon is called the "Warburg effect". The mechanism of glycolysis in tumor cells is more complicated, which is caused by the comprehensive regulation of multiple factors. Abnormal enzyme metabolism is one of the main influencing factors and inhibiting the three main rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis is thought to be important strategy for cancer treatment. Therefore, numerous inhibitors of glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme have been developed in recent years, such as the latest HKII inhibitor and PKM2 inhibitor Pachymic acid (PA) and N-(4-(3-(3-(methylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-5-(4'-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)propiolamide. The review focuses on source, structure-activity relationship, bioecological activity and mechanism of the three main rate-limiting enzymes inhibitors, and hopes to guide the future research on the design and synthesis of rate-limiting enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China
| | - Yijiao Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China
| | - Jingduo Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang City, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, PR China.
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8
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Chen RL, Wang Z, Huang P, Sun CH, Yu WY, Zhang HH, Yu CH, He JQ. Isovitexin potentiated the antitumor activity of cisplatin by inhibiting the glucose metabolism of lung cancer cells and reduced cisplatin-induced immunotoxicity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107357. [PMID: 33715980 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased resistance and toxicity have become the main causes of chemotherapy failure for treating lung cancer. The combination of chemotherapeutic drugs with other agents has been recognized as a promising strategy to overcome these difficulties. Isovitexin (IVT) is a well-known flavone C-glycoside found in many plants and has attracted wide attention due to its obvious antitumor and antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of IVX and cisplatin (DDP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 and H1975 cells. The results showed that the combined treatment with IVT and DDP markedly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of the two NSCLC cells. Using a mouse model of A549 xenograft, IVT potentiated the inhibition of DDP on tumor growth, but reduced DDP-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice. Remarkedly, IVT promoted lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and lectin- stimulated splenocyte proliferation, and enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell activities as well as the production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Furthermore, IVT significantly reduced glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATP production, and downregulated the protein expressions of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)-mediated pathway in both A549 and H1975 cells. After the over-expression of PKM2 in the NSCLC cells, the synergistic antitumor effect of IVT and DDP was markedly weakened. Therefore, IVT not only inhibited cell proliferation and glucose metabolism via downregulating the expression of PKM2 to enhance the antitumor activity of DDP against lung cancer cells, and improved DDP-induced immunotoxicity in mice. It also presented a novel strategy to enhance the anti-tumor effect of platinum-based chemotherapy against NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apigenin/pharmacology
- Apigenin/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cisplatin/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/immunology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Glucose/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice, Nude
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Thyroid Hormones/immunology
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ping Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Cai-Hua Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Chen-Huan Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jia-Qi He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Harris RA, Fenton AW. A critical review of the role of M 2PYK in the Warburg effect. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:225-39. [PMID: 30708038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming generally accepted in recent literature that the Warburg effect in cancer depends on inhibition of M2PYK, the pyruvate kinase isozyme most commonly expressed in tumors. We remain skeptical. There continues to be a general lack of solid experimental evidence for the underlying idea that a bottle neck in aerobic glycolysis at the level of M2PYK results in an expanded pool of glycolytic intermediates (which are thought to serve as building blocks necessary for proliferation and growth of cancer cells). If a bottle neck at M2PYK exists, then the remarkable increase in lactate production by cancer cells is a paradox, particularly since a high percentage of the carbons of lactate originate from glucose. The finding that pyruvate kinase activity is invariantly increased rather than decreased in cancer undermines the logic of the M2PYK bottle neck, but is consistent with high lactate production. The "inactive" state of M2PYK in cancer is often described as a dimer (with reduced substrate affinity) that has dissociated from an active tetramer of M2PYK. Although M2PYK clearly dissociates easier than other isozymes of pyruvate kinase, it is not clear that dissociation of the tetramer occurs in vivo when ligands are present that promote tetramer formation. Furthermore, it is also not clear whether the dissociated dimer retains any activity at all. A number of non-canonical functions for M2PYK have been proposed, all of which can be challenged by the finding that not all cancer cell types are dependent on M2PYK expression. Additional in-depth studies of the Warburg effect and specifically of the possible regulatory role of M2PYK in the Warburg effect are needed.
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10
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Chledzik S, Strawa J, Matuszek K, Nazaruk J. Pharmacological Effects of Scutellarin, An Active Component of Genus Scutellaria and Erigeron: A Systematic Review. Am J Chin Med 2018; 46:319-337. [PMID: 29433387 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid compound scutellarin (Scu) is quite frequently met in the plant kingdom, particularly in the genus Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) and Erigeron (Asteraceae). The extract of the herb of Erigeron breviscapus, containing this component in high amount, has been used for many years in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, studies have made great progress on the usefulness of Scu for treating various diseases by testing its mechanism of action. They support the traditional use of Scu rich plant in heart and cerebral ischemia. Scu can potentially be applied in Alzheimer's disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, vascular complications of diabetes and as an inhibitor of certain carcinomas. Various methods were designed to improve its isolation from plant material, solubility, absorption and bioavailability. On the basis of recent studies, it is suggested that Scu could be a promising candidate for new natural drug and deserves particular attention in further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Chledzik
- 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Strawa
- 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Matuszek
- 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Nazaruk
- 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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11
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Yang P, Ding GB, Liu W, Fu R, Sajid A, Li Z. Tannic acid directly targets pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 to attenuate colon cancer cell proliferation. Food Funct 2018; 9:5547-5559. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tannic acid, which ubiquitously exists in grapes and green tea, binds to K433 to trigger dissociation of PKM2 tetramers and further block the metabolic activity of PKM2 to suppress colorectal cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Guo-Bin Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Wen Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Rong Fu
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Amin Sajid
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well known that cancer cells have an altered metabolism both to meet the energy needs and to provide initial molecules for the synthesis of macromolecules. To cope with the new metabolic state, different forms of certain enzymes are expressed in extreme amounts. These enzymes are seen as very attractive targets to deal with cancer. Pyruvate kinases isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme that determines whether glucose is used for energy or synthesis of biosynthetic molecules. The dimeric form of PKM2 main form in several cancer cells serves the formation of synthetic precursors required for the cell growth and proliferation from glycolytic intermediates. AREAS COVERED This article reviews appropriate publications on PKM2 activators from the points of view of synthesis and biological activities between 2011-2017. Herein, based on the chemical structure, PKM2 activators are classified into sulfonamide, phenolic, carboxamide and pyridopyrimidinone derivatives. EXPERT OPINION PKM2 activation inhibits cell growth and proliferation by decreasing a number of biomolecules required for cell building. Therefore; PKM2 activators are considered as an ideal drug for or the treatment of many cancer pathogens. It is necessary to discover new, more active and selective compounds for PKM2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevki Adem
- a Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department , Cankiri Karatekin University , Cankiri , Turkey
| | - Veysel Comakli
- b High School of Health , Agrı Ibrahim Cecen University , Agri , Turkey
| | - Naim Uzun
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , Agrı Ibrahim Cecen University , Agri , Turkey
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13
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Shan S, Shi J, Yang P, Jia B, Wu H, Zhang X, Li Z. Apigenin Restrains Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation via Targeted Blocking of Pyruvate Kinase M2-Dependent Glycolysis. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:8136-8144. [PMID: 28829588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin (AP), as an anticancer agent, has been widely explored. However, the molecular targets of apigenin on tumor metabolism are unclear. Herein, we found that AP could block cellular glycolysis through restraining the tumor-specific pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activity and expression and further significantly induce anti-colon cancer effects. The IC50 values of AP against HCT116, HT29, and DLD1 cells were 27.9 ± 2.45, 48.2 ± 3.01 and 89.5 ± 4.89 μM, respectively. Fluorescence spectra and solid-phase AP extraction assays proved that AP could directly bind to PKM2 and markedly inhibit PKM2 activity in vitro and in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, in the presence of d-fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FBP), the inhibitory effect of AP on PKM2 was not reversed, which suggests that AP is a new allosteric inhibitor of PKM2. RT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that AP could ensure a low PKM2/PKM1 ratio in HCT116 cells via blocking the β-catenin/c-Myc/PTBP1 signal pathway. Hence, PKM2 represents a novel potential target of AP against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Shan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University , Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Jiangying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Haili Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006, China
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14
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Li Z, Li H, Lu Y, Yang P, Li Z. Berberine Inhibited the Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Suppressing the Activity of Tumor Pyruvate Kinase M2. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from coptis, exerts anti-proliferation and anticancer properties. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key enzyme of aerobic glycolysis and considered as the potential anticancer target. However, the inhibition effects and interaction action between Berberine and PKM2 is not well known. In this study, berberine showed antitumor activity of HCT-116 and HeLa cells with the suppression of cell proliferation. Moreover, berberine inhibited the enzyme activity of PKM2 in cancer cells, but had no impact on PKM2 expression. Further research showed that the interaction between berberine and PKM2 was dynamic fluorescence quenching and the main intermolecular force was hydrogen bonding. These findings revealed that berberine may serve as a therapeutic drug for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hanqing Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yangxu Lu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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15
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Abstract
The imbalance between glucose metabolism and cancer cell growth in tumor microenvironment (TME), which are closely related with the occurrence and progression of cancer. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that flavonoids exert many biological properties, including antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities. Recently, the roles and applications of flavonoids, particularly in relation to glucose metabolism in cancers, have been highlighted. Thus, the identification of flavonoids targeting alternative glucose metabolism pathways in TME may represent an attractive approach to the more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer. In this review, we will focus on the roles of flavonoids in regulating glucose metabolism and cancer cell growth in TME, such as proliferation advantage, cell mobility, and chemoresistance to cancer, as well as modifiers of thermal sensitivity. Not only have such large-scale endeavors been useful in providing fundamental insights into natural and synthesized flavonoids that can prevent and treat cancer, but also have led to the discovery of potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Jiangsu University , Shanghai , China
- b Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan , China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Jiangsu University , Shanghai , China
- b Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan , China
| | - Rui Guan
- b Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan , China
| | - Li Du
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Jiangsu University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jing Gao
- c Jiangsu University Health Science Center , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- c Jiangsu University Health Science Center , Jiangsu , China
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Tao JH, Duan JA, Qian YY, Qian DW, Guo JM. Investigation of the interactions between Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers extract and intestinal bacteria from human and rat. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1807-1819. [PMID: 27151775 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Flos Chrysanthemi, dried flower of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, has drawn much attention recently owing to its potential beneficial health effects for human. Flos Chrysanthemi products are usually taken orally and metabolized by intestinal microflora. However, there has been no investigation of the comprehensive metabolic profile of the Flos Chrysanthemi extract by intestinal flora owing to its chemical complexity and the limitations of analytical methods. In this paper, a rapid, sensitive and automated analysis method, ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry including MSE technology and automated data processing Metabolynx™ software, was developed and successfully applied for the biotransformation and metabolic profile of flavonoids in the Flos Chrysanthemi extract by intestinal flora from human and rat. A total of 32 metabolites were detected and tentatively identified in human and rat intestinal bacterial samples. These metabolites indicated that hydrolysis, hydroxylation, acetylation, methylation, hydrogenation and deoxygenation were the major conversion pathways of flavonoids in the Flos Chrysanthemi extract in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of the Flos Chrysanthemi extract on the growth of different intestinal bacteria were detected using an Emax precision microplate reader. Certain pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Clostridium and Bacteroides were significantly inhibited by Flos Chrysanthemi, while commensal probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were moderately promoted. Our observation provided further evidence for the importance of intestinal bacteria in the metabolism and potential activity of the Flos Chrysanthemi extract. The results will also be helpful for the further pharmacokinetic study of Flos Chrysanthemi and to unravel how it works in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Yun Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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17
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a characteristic of tumors and wounds. Hypoxic cells develop 2 common strategies to face hypoxia: the glycolytic switch and the angiogenic switch. At the onset of hypoxia, alleviation of the Pasteur effect ensures short-term cell survival. Long-term hypoxic cell survival requires a further acceleration of the glycolytic flux under the control of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 that stimulates the expression of most glycolytic transporters and enzymes, uncouples glycolysis from the TCA cycle, and rewires glycolysis to lactic fermentation. Hypoxic cells also trigger angiogenesis, a process that aims to restore normal microenvironmental conditions. Transcription factors (hypoxia-inducible factor 1, nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1) and lactate cooperate to stimulate the expression of proangiogenic agents. Cancer cells differ from normal hypoxic cells by their proliferative agenda and by a high metabolic heterogeneity. These effects in tumor account for further molecular and metabolic changes and for a persistent stimulation of angiogenesis.
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