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Attia SM, Albekairi NA, Alshamrani AA, Ahmad SF, Almutairi F, Attia MSM, Ansari MA, Bakheet SA, Harisa GI, Nadeem A. Dapagliflozin suppresses diabetes-induced oxidative DNA damage and hypermethylation in mouse somatic cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 896:503765. [PMID: 38821673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder resulting from the interplay of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors that increase the risk of cancer development. However, it is unclear whether the increased cancer risk is due to poor glycemic control or the use of some antidiabetic medications. Therefore, we investigated the genetic and epigenetic changes in somatic cells in a mouse model of diabetes and studied whether multiple exposures to the antidiabetic medication dapagliflozin influence these changes. We also elucidated the mechanism(s) of these ameliorations. The micronucleus test and modified comet assay were used to investigate bone marrow DNA damage and methylation changes. These assays revealed that dapagliflozin is non-genotoxic in the tested regimen, and oxidative DNA damage and hypermethylation were significantly higher in diabetic mice. Spectrophotometry also evaluated oxidative DNA damage and global DNA methylation, revealing similar significant alterations induced by diabetes. Conversely, the dapagliflozin-treated diabetic animals significantly reduced these changes. The expression of some genes involved in DNA repair and DNA methylation was disrupted considerably in the somatic cells of diabetic animals. In contrast, dapagliflozin treatment significantly restored these disruptions and enhanced DNA repair. The simultaneous effects of decreased oxidative DNA damage and hypermethylation levels suggest that dapagliflozin can be used as a safe antidiabetic drug to reduce DNA damage and hypermethylation in diabetes, demonstrating its usefulness in patients with diabetes to control hyperglycemia and decrease the development of its subsequent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Norah A Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Alonso-Jauregui M, López de Cerain A, Azqueta A, Rodriguez-Garraus A, Gil AG, González-Peñas E, Vettorazzi A. In Vivo Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of Sterigmatocystin Individually and in Mixture with Aflatoxin B1. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:491. [PMID: 37624248 PMCID: PMC10467059 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are natural food and feed contaminants produced by several molds. The primary mode of exposure in humans and animals is through mixtures. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and sterigmatocystin (STER) are structurally related mycotoxins that share the same biosynthetic route. Few in vivo genotoxicity assays have been performed with STER. In the present genotoxicity study, Wistar rats were dosed orally with STER (20 mg/kg b.w.), AFB1 (0.25 mg/kg b.w.) or a mixture of both in an integrated micronucleus (bone marrow) and comet study (liver and kidney). STER was dosed at the highest feasible dose in corn oil. No increase in the percentage of micronuclei in bone marrow was observed at any condition. Slight DNA damage was detected in the livers of animals treated with AFB1 or the mixture (DNA strand breaks and Fpg (Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase)-sensitive sites, respectively). Plasma, liver, and kidney samples were analyzed with LC-MS/MS demonstrating exposure to both mycotoxins. General toxicity parameters (organs absolute weight, biochemistry, and histopathology) were not altered either individually or in the mixture. The overall absence of individual genotoxicity did not allow us to set any type of interaction in the mixture. However, a possible toxicokinetic interaction was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alonso-Jauregui
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.-J.); (A.L.d.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.-J.); (A.L.d.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.-J.); (A.L.d.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.-J.); (A.L.d.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Ana Gloria Gil
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.-J.); (A.L.d.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Elena González-Peñas
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.-J.); (A.L.d.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.-G.); (A.G.G.)
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Alshamrani AA, Alwetaid MY, Al-Hamamah MA, Attia MSM, Ahmad SF, Algonaiah MA, Nadeem A, Ansari MA, Bakheet SA, Attia SM. Aflatoxin B1 Exacerbates Genomic Instability and Apoptosis in the BTBR Autism Mouse Model via Dysregulating DNA Repair Pathway. TOXICS 2023; 11:636. [PMID: 37505601 PMCID: PMC10384561 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of autism is influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Furthermore, individuals with autism appear to be at a higher risk of developing cancer. However, this is not fully understood. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent food pollutant carcinogen. The effects of AFB1 on genomic instability in autism have not yet been investigated. Hence, we have aimed to investigate whether repeated exposure to AFB1 causes alterations in genomic stability, a hallmark of cancer and apoptosis in the BTBR autism mouse model. The data revealed increased micronuclei generation, oxidative DNA strand breaks, and apoptosis in BTBR animals exposed to AFB1 when compared to unexposed animals. Lipid peroxidation in BTBR mice increased with a reduction in glutathione following AFB1 exposure, demonstrating an exacerbated redox imbalance. Furthermore, the expressions of some of DNA damage/repair- and apoptosis-related genes were also significantly dysregulated. Increases in the redox disturbance and dysregulation in the DNA damage/repair pathway are thus important determinants of susceptibility to AFB1-exacerbated genomic instability and apoptosis in BTBR mice. This investigation shows that AFB1-related genomic instability can accelerate the risk of cancer development. Moreover, approaches that ameliorate the redox balance and DNA damage/repair dysregulation may mitigate AFB1-caused genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alwetaid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Hamamah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A Algonaiah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Li J, Deng Y, Wang Y, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Mycotoxins Have a Potential of Inducing Cell Senescence: A New Understanding of Mycotoxin Immunotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104188. [PMID: 37331672 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins result in immune dysfunction and cause immune diseases in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms of immunotoxicity involved in mycotoxins have not been fully explored, and emerging evidence suggests that these toxins may promote their immunotoxicity via cellular senescence. Mycotoxins induce cell senescence after DNA damage, and activate signaling via the NF-κB and JNK pathways to promote the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. DNA damage can also over-activate or cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), increase the expression of cell cycle inhibitory proteins p21, and p53, and induce cell cycle arrest and then senescence. These senescent cells further down-regulate proliferation-related genes and overexpress inflammatory factors resulting in chronic inflammation and eventual immune exhaustion. Here we review the underlying mechanisms by which mycotoxins trigger cell senescence and the potential roles of SASP and PARP in these pathways. This work will help to further understand the mechanisms of immunotoxicity involved in mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Reseaerch Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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5
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Abo-Hiemad HM, Nassar AY, Shatat AR, Mohamed MA, Soliman M, Abdelrady YA, Sayed AM. Protective effect of copper II-albumin complex against aflatoxin B1- induced hepatocellular toxicity: The impact of Nrf2, PPAR-γ, and NF-kB in these protective effects. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14160. [PMID: 35338511 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper II-Albumin complex (Cu-II-Albumin complex) is a novel therapeutic target that has been used as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, 40 rats were divided into four groups, normal control (NC), aflatoxicosed group (AF) that received Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (50 μg/kg of the AFB1 daily for 3 weeks), AFB1-Cu-II-Albumin prophylactic group (AF/CUC-P) that subjected to intermittent treatment between AFB1 and Cu-II-Albumin complex (0.05 g/kg Cu-II-Albumin complex) day after day for 3 weeks and AFB1-Cu-II-albumin treatment group (AF/CUC-T) that received AFB1 for 3 weeks and Cu-II-albumin complex for another 3 weeks. The hepatocellular protective effect of the Cu-II-albumin complex was assessed by evaluating the liver functions markers, hepatic histopathology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (Nitric Oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), apoptotic genes (caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 [TNF-R1]) expressions, and serological and molecular biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (histamine and Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 [GRP78], respectively). Our finding showed that Cu-II-Albumin Complex administration had restored liver function, oxidative stress levels, enhanced liver tissue recovery, and reduced the expression of the apoptotic genes of the aflatoxicosed rats. In conclusion, the current study results demonstrated the protective effect of Cu-II-albumin complex against AFB1-induced hepatocellular toxicity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The protective effect of Cu-II-Albumin Complex against AFB1-induced hepatocellular toxicity by assessing oxidative stress, liver biomarkers, inflammation, and histological changes of liver tissues. The protective mechanism of the Cu-II-albumin complex was also investigated. More clinical studies are required to evaluate the potential of using the Cu-II-albumin complex as a therapeutic agent against hepatocellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend M Abo-Hiemad
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y Nassar
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Shatat
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Rasouli H, Nayeri FD, Khodarahmi R. May phytophenolics alleviate aflatoxins-induced health challenges? A holistic insight on current landscape and future prospects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:981984. [PMID: 36386916 PMCID: PMC9649842 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.981984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The future GCC-connected environmental risk factors expedited the progression of nCDs. Indeed, the emergence of AFs is becoming a global food security concern. AFs are lethal carcinogenic mycotoxins, causing damage to the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal organs. Long-term exposure to AFs leads to liver cancer. Almost a variety of food commodities, crops, spices, herbaceous materials, nuts, and processed foods can be contaminated with AFs. In this regard, the primary sections of this review aim to cover influencing factors in the occurrence of AFs, the role of AFs in progression of nCDs, links between GCC/nCDs and exposure to AFs, frequency of AFs-based academic investigations, and world distribution of AFs. Next, the current trends in the application of PPs to alleviate AFs toxicity are discussed. Nearly, more than 20,000 published records indexed in scientific databases have been screened to find recent trends on AFs and application of PPs in AFs therapy. Accordingly, shifts in world climate, improper infrastructures for production/storage of food commodities, inconsistency of global polices on AFs permissible concentration in food/feed, and lack of the public awareness are accounting for a considerable proportion of AFs damages. AFs exhibited their toxic effects by triggering the progression of inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress, in turn, leading to the onset of nCDs. PPs could decrease AFs-associated oxidative stress, genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects by improving cellular antioxidant balance, regulation of signaling pathways, alleviating inflammatory responses, and modification of gene expression profile in a dose/time-reliant fashion. The administration of PPs alone displayed lower biological properties compared to co-treatment of these metabolites with AFs. This issue might highlight the therapeutic application of PPs than their preventative content. Flavonoids such as quercetin and oxidized tea phenolics, curcumin and resveratrol were the most studied anti-AFs PPs. Our literature review clearly disclosed that considering PPs in antioxidant therapies to alleviate complications of AFs requires improvement in their bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, tissue clearance, and off-target mode of action. Due to the emergencies in the elimination of AFs in food/feedstuffs, further large-scale clinical assessment of PPs to decrease the consequences of AFs is highly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rasouli
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dehghan Nayeri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Wang X, Wang T, Nepovimova E, Long M, Wu W, Kuca K. Progress on the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 using natural anti-oxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113417. [PMID: 36096290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi. The most toxic among them is Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) which is known to have genotoxic, immunotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic toxic effects (amongst others). The mechanisms responsible for its toxicity include the induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and DNAdamage. Studies have found that natural anti-oxidants can reduce the damage that AFB1 inflicts on the body by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting the biotransformation of AFB1. Therefore, this review outlines the latest progress in research on the use of natural anti-oxidants as antidotes to aflatoxin poisoning and their detoxification mechanisms. It also considers the problems that may possibly arise from their use and their application prospects. Our aim is to provide a useful reference for the prevention and treatment of AFB1 poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Wenda Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic.
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Attia SM, Ahmad SF, Nadeem A, Attia M, Ansari MA, Al-Hamamah MA, Hussein MH, Alameen AA, Alasmari AF, Bakheet SA. Multiple exposure to methylmercury aggravates DNA damage in the BTBR T + Itpr3 tf/J autistic mouse model: the role of DNA repair efficiency. Toxicology 2022; 477:153277. [PMID: 35914580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and genetic factors have been recognized to play major roles in the pathogenesis of autism. Here we examined the BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice's susceptibility, an autistic model, to the genotoxic effects and DNA repair dysregulation of methylmercury. Micronuclei formation and oxidative DNA damage were analyzed using the micronucleus/fluorescence in situ hybridization test and modified comet assay, respectively. The results showed higher centromeric-positive micronuclei and oxidative DNA damage in BTBR mice exposed to methylmercury than the unexposed mice, which indicates that mutagenesis aggravated in BTBR mice after methylmercury exposure. Lipid peroxides in BTBR mice were significantly elevated, with a decrease in reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio after methylmercury exposure, indicating an augmenting oxidant-antioxidant imbalance. The expression of several genes involved in DNA repair was markedly altered in BTBR mice after methylmercury exposure as evaluated via PCR array and RT-PCR analyses. Declining of the antioxidant defense and dysregulation in DNA repair process after methylmercury exposure may explain the aggravated genotoxic susceptibility of BTBR mice. Thus, autistic individuals exposed to methylmercury must be under regular medical follow-up through standard timetabled medical laboratory inquiry to allow for early recognition of any mutagenic changes. Additionally, strategies that elevate cellular antioxidants/DNA repair efficiency may counteract methylmercury-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Msm Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Al-Hamamah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Alameen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Cao W, Yu P, Yang K, Cao D. Aflatoxin B1: metabolism, toxicology, and its involvement in oxidative stress and cancer development. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:395-419. [PMID: 34930097 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.2021339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi, which are widely distributed in nature. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic of these compounds and its metabolites have a variety of biological activities, including acute toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, which has been well-characterized to lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and animals. This review focuses on the metabolism of AFB1, including epoxidation and DNA adduction, as it concerns the initiation of cancer and the underlying mechanisms. In addition to DNA adduction, inflammation and oxidative stress caused by AFB1 can also participate in the occurrence of cancer. Therefore, the main carcinogenic mechanism of AFB1 related ROS is summarized. This review also describes recent reports of AFB1 exposures in occupational settings. It is hoped that people will pay more attention to occupational health, in order to reduce the incidence of cancer caused by occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Cao
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - KePeng Yang
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Dongli Cao
- Medical school, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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A El-Sadawy A, M G Zedan A, Gamal El-Dein HM. Hepatoprotective Role of Clay and Nano Clay for Alleviating Aflatoxin Toxicity in Male Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1091-1102. [PMID: 34842380 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1091.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Aflatoxin formed by <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. causes acute hepatotoxicity by DNA damage, gene expression disruption and induced liver carcinoma in humans and laboratory animals. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the protective role of both clay and nano clay as adsorbents to inhibit the side effect of Aflatoxin (AF) by measures the common biological assay of aflatoxicosis in rats along with hepatic gene expression and comet assay. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Six weeks old male albino rats were distributed into 6 groups with 10 rats per group fed on, Group 1: Basal diet, Group 2: Basal diet with clay (5 g kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> diet), Group 3: Basal diet with nano clay (5 g kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> diet), Group 4: AF-contaminated diet (1 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> diet), Group 5: AF with clay, Group 6: AF with nano clay. <b>Results:</b> AF induced a noticeable increase in the liver function parameters, accompanied by a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and significant histological alterations in liver tissues. The obtained qPCR results showed a significant up regulation in the expression of Cyp3A6, HO-1, TNFα and NFKB genes in the liver of rats treated with aflatoxin. In contrast, there is a significant down regulation in the expression levels of the Glut2 gene in liver rats treated with aflatoxin. Also, aflatoxin induced a significant increase in DNA damage. Clay and nano clay succeeded in ameliorating the toxic effects of aflatoxin. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results indicated the effective role of clay and nano clay in alleviating aflatoxin and reduce its harmful effects.
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Fan T, Xie Y, Ma W. Research progress on the protection and detoxification of phytochemicals against aflatoxin B 1-Induced liver toxicity. Toxicon 2021; 195:58-68. [PMID: 33716068 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatotoxic toxin, which can cause hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver immunological damage. It has been involved in the etiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma. AFB1 can cause oxidative stress in the body's metabolism process, and then cause cytotoxicity, such as apoptosis and DNA damage. Scientific research has discovered that phytochemicals can induce the detoxification pathway of AFB1 through its biotransformation, thereby reducing the damage of AFB1 to the human body. In clinical treatment, certain phytochemicals have been effectively used in the treatment of liver injury due to the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, low toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the article summarizes the toxic mechanism of AFB1-induced hepatoxicity, and the related research progress of phytochemicals for preventing and treating its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. We also look forward to the existing problems and application prospects of phytochemicals in the pharmaceutical industry, in order to provide theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of AFB1 poisoning in future research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weibin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
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Zhao L, Deng J, Ma LB, Zhang WP, Khalil MM, Karrow NA, Qi DS, Sun LH. Dietary Se deficiency dysregulates metabolic and cell death signaling in aggravating the AFB1 hepatotoxicity of chicks. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 149:111938. [PMID: 33348051 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to use isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic technology to systematically analyze the hepatotoxic mechanism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its prevention by Se in broilers. Four groups of day-old broilers were allocated into a 2 × 2 factorial design trial that fed a Se-deficient based diet (BD) or the BD + 1.0 mg AFB1/kg, 0.3 mg Se/kg, or 1.0 mg AFB1/kg plus 0.3 mg Se/kg for 3 wk. Dietary AFB1 increased serum ALT and decreased total protein and albumin concentrations, and induced hepatic histopathological lesions in Se adequate groups. Notably, Se deficiency exacerbated these AFB1-induced changes. Furthermore, Se deficiency reduced hepatic glutathione peroxidase but increased thioredoxin reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine concentration in AFB1 administrated groups. Moreover, AFB1 dysregulated 261 co-differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in both Se adequate and deficiency diets, and Se deficiency dysregulated 64 DEPs in AFB1 administrated diets. These DEPs are mainly related to phase I and II metabolizing enzymes, heat shock proteins, DNA repair, fatty acid metabolism and apoptosis. The in vitro study has verified that aldo-keto reductase family1, member10 plays an important role in AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity and Se-mediated detoxification of AFB1 in a chicken leghorn male hepatoma cells. Conclusively, this study has analyzed the hepatic proteome response to dietary AFB1 and Se, and thus shed new light on the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of AFB1 and its detoxification by Se in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Li-Bao Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wan-Po Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | | | - De-Sheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Lv-Hui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Attia SM, Ahmad SF, Nadeem A, Attia MSM, Ansari MA, As Sobeai HM, Al-Mazroua HA, Alasmari AF, Bakheet SA. 3-Aminobenzamide alleviates elevated DNA damage and DNA methylation in a BTBR T +Itpr3 tf/J mouse model of autism by enhancing repair gene expression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173057. [PMID: 33069747 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about genetic and epigenetic alterations in autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, the efficiency of DNA repair in autism must be improved to correct these alterations. We examined whether 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) could reverse these alterations. We conducted experiments to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying these ameliorations. An assessment of genetic and epigenetic alterations by a modified comet assay showed elevated levels of oxidative DNA strand breaks and DNA hypermethylation in BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice used as a model of autism. Oxidative DNA strand breaks and DNA methylation were further quantified fluorometrically, and the results showed similar changes. Conversely, 3-AB treated BTBR mice showed a significant reduction in these alterations compared with untreated mice. The expressions of 43 genes involved in DNA repair were altered in BTBR mice. RT2 Profiler PCR Array revealed significantly altered expression of seven genes, which was confirmed by RT-PCR analyses. 3-AB treatment relieved these disturbances and significantly improved Ogg1 and Rad1 up-regulation. Moreover, autism-like behaviors were also mitigated in BTBR animals by 3-AB treatment without alterations in locomotor activities. The simultaneous effects of reduced DNA damage and DNA methylation levels as well as the regulation of repair gene expression indicate the potential of 3-AB as a therapeutic agent to decrease the levels of DNA damage and DNA methylation in autistic patients. The current data may help in the development of therapies that ultimately provide a better quality of life for individuals suffering from autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M Attia
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S M Attia
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homood M As Sobeai
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Cires MJ, Navarrete P, Pastene E, Carrasco-Pozo C, Valenzuela R, Medina DA, Andriamihaja M, Beaumont M, Blachier F, Gotteland M. Protective Effect of an Avocado Peel Polyphenolic Extract Rich in Proanthocyanidins on the Alterations of Colonic Homeostasis Induced by a High-Protein Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11616-11626. [PMID: 31542929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Avocado peel, a byproduct from the avocado pulp industry, is a promising source of polyphenolic compounds. We evaluated the effect of a proanthocyanidin-rich avocado peel polyphenol extract (AvPPE) on the composition and metabolic activity of human fecal microbiota cultured for 24 h in a bioreactor in the presence of high protein (HP) amounts and the effect of the resulting culture supernatants (CSs) on HT-29Glc-/+ and Caco-2 cells. AvPPE decreased the HP-induced production of ammonia, H2S, propionate, and isovalerate and increased that of indole and butyrate. Microbiota composition was marginally affected by HP, whileAvPPE increased the microorganisms/abundance of phylum Actinobacteria, families Coriobacteriaceae and Ruminococcaceae, and genus Faecalibacterium. AvPPE failed to prevent the HP-induced decrease of HT-29Glc-/+ cell viability and energy efficiency but prevented the HP-induced alterations of barrier function in Caco-2 cells. Additionally, the genotoxic effect of the CSs upon HT-29Glc-/+ was attenuated by AvPPE. Therefore, AvPPE may be considered as a promising product for improving colonic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago 8380453 , Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) , University of Chile , Santiago 7830490 , Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota , Santiago , Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Concepción , Concepción 4030000 , Chile
- Laboratorio de Sı́ntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad del Bı́o-Bı́o , Chillán 3780000 , Chile
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago 8380453 , Chile
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery , Griffith University , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago 8380453 , Chile
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria , Universidad San Sebastián , Lago Panguipulli 1390 , Puerto Montt 5480000 , Chile
| | | | - Martin Beaumont
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Paris 75005 , France
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT , Toulouse 31326 , France
| | - François Blachier
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay , Paris 75005 , France
| | - Martin Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , University of Chile , Santiago 8380453 , Chile
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) , University of Chile , Santiago 7830490 , Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota , Santiago , Chile
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Genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by the small-molecule panobinostat: A mechanistic study at the chromosome and gene levels. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:70-80. [PMID: 30978576 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the role of genetic and epigenetic alterations in a wide variety of human diseases, including cancer. Assessment of these alterations is hence essential for estimating the hazardous effects of human exposure to medications. Panobinostat received US Food and Drug Administration's approval in 2015 for treatment of certain tumors and its usefulness as part of a strategy to treat other diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, is currently investigated. Nevertheless, no data on in vivo genotoxical and epigenotoxical effects of panobinostat are available. The aim of the current study was to assess the genotoxical and epigenotoxical properties of panobinostat in murine bone marrow cells. Molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations were also evaluated. We show that mice treated with panobinostat doses recommended for human developed numerical chromosomal abnormalities, structural chromosomal damage, oxidative DNA damage, and DNA hypomethylation. These effects were dose-dependent. Further, panobinostat altered the expression of 23 genes implicated in DNA damage, as determined by RT² Profiler polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Collectively, these findings indicate that panobinostat exposure induces aneugenicity, clastogenicity, oxidative DNA damage, DNA hypomethylation, and down-regulation of repair gene expression, which may be responsible for panobinostat-induced genotoxical and epigenotoxical effects. Considering the potential toxicity of panobinostat, the medicinal use of panobinostat must be weighed against the risk of tumorigenesis and the demonstrated toxicity profile of panobinostat may support further development of chemotherapeutic treatments with reduced toxicity. Diminishing the metabolic liabilities associated with panobinostat exposure, and simultaneous use of panobinostat with DNA repair enhancers, are examples of strategies for drug design to reduce panobinostat carcinogenicity.
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DNA Repair Protein OGG1 in Pulmonary Infection and Other Inflammatory Lung Diseases. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN LUNG DISEASES 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121726 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8413-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, extensive research has uncovered functional roles and underlying mechanisms of DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory response in infection and other diseases in the lung. OGG1 excises 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxo-dG) lesion on DNA that is often induced by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been linked to mutations, cancer development, and tissue damage. Most, if not all, environmental toxic agents and mammalian cellular metabolites elicit the generation of ROS, either directly, indirectly, or both, which is among the first cellular responses. ROS in combination with other oxidative molecules/moieties are recognized as a major factor for killing invading pathogens but meanwhile can cause tissue damage. ROS potentially modify proteins, lipids, and DNA due to the strong molecular reactivity. While oxidative stress causes increased levels of all types of oxidatively modified DNA bases, accumulation of 8-oxo-dG in the DNA has been singled out to be a main culprit linking to various inflammatory disease processes. Oxidatively damaged DNA bases such as 8-oxo-dG are primarily repaired by the base excision repair (BER) mechanism, in which OGG1, as the lesion recognition enzyme, plays a fundamental role in fixing this DNA damage. In this chapter, we summarize the roles and potential mechanistic analyses of OGG1 in lung infection and other inflammatory diseases.
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Proanthocyanidins against Oxidative Stress: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8584136. [PMID: 29750172 PMCID: PMC5884402 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8584136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds abundant in many vegetables, plant skins (rind/bark), seeds, flowers, fruits, and nuts. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated myriad effects potentially beneficial to human health, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, DNA repair, and antitumor activity. Accumulation of prooxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeding cellular antioxidant capacity results in oxidative stress (OS), which can damage macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins), organelles (membranes and mitochondria), and whole tissues. OS is implicated in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of many cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, dermatological, and metabolic diseases, both through direct molecular damage and secondary activation of stress-associated signaling pathways. PCs are promising natural agents to safely prevent acute damage and control chronic diseases at relatively low cost. In this review, we summarize the molecules and signaling pathways involved in OS and the corresponding therapeutic mechanisms of PCs.
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