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Zang B, Wang L. Synthesis and protective effect of pyrazole conjugated imidazo[1,2- a]pyrazine derivatives against acute lung injury in sepsis rats via attenuation of NF-κB, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:341-362. [PMID: 37708960 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The current work was conducted to elucidate the pharmacological effect of pyrazole-conjugated imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives against acute lung injury in rats in sepsis and their mechanism of action. Various pyrazole-conjugated imidazo[1,2-a]-pyrazine derivatives have been synthesized in a straightforward synthetic route. They exhibited a diverse range of inhibitory activity against NF-ĸB with IC 50 ranging from 1 to 94 µmol L-1. Among them, compound 3h [(4-(4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl) phenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) (8-(methylamino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl)methanone] was identified as the most potent NF-κB inhibitor with IC 50 of 1.02 µmol L-1. None of the synthesized compounds was found cytotoxic to normal cell-line MCF-12A. The pharmacological activity of the most potent NF-ĸB inhibitor 3h was also investigated in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis injury of the lung in rats. Compound 3h was administered to rats after induc tion of lung sepsis, and various biochemical parameters were measured. Results suggested that compound 3h significantly reduced lung inflammation and membrane permeability, as evidenced by H&E staining of lung tissues. It substantially reduced the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1B, IL-6) and oxidative stress (MPO, MDA, SOD). It showed attenuation of NF-ĸB and apoptosis in Western blot and annexin--PI assay, resp. Compound 3h also reduced the production of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the lung and provided a protective effect against lung injury. Our study showed the pharmacological significance of pyrazole-conjugated imidazo[1,2-a] pyrazine derivative 3h against acute lung injury in sepsis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zang
- The Emergency Department, Henan Province Hospital of TCMThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- The Emergency Department, Henan Province Hospital of TCMThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450002, China
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2
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Song M, Chen Y. Local anaesthetic procaine derivatives protect rat against diabetic nephropathy via inhibition of DPP-4, inflammation and oxidative stress. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:26-37. [PMID: 37076428 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious devastating disease. However, the current clinical options to treat DN are not adequate. Thus, in the present study, we intend to develop novel series of procaine-embedded thiazole-pyrazoles as protective agent against DN. The compounds were tested for inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, -8, and - 9 enzyme subtypes, where they selectively and potently inhibit DPP-4 as compared to other subtypes. The top three ranked DPP-4 inhibitors (8i, 8e and 8k) were further screened for inhibitory activity against NF-ĸB transcription. Among these three, compound 8i was identified as the most potent NF-ĸB inhibitor. The pharmacological benefit of compound 8i was further established in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Compound 8i showed marked improvements in blood glucose, ALP, ALT, total protein, serum lipid profile such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL levels and renal functions such as urine volume, urinary protein excretion, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance as compared to nontreated diabetic control group. It also reduces oxidative stress (MDA, SOD and GPx) and inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the rats as compared to disease control group rats. This study demonstrated the discovery of procaine-embedded thiazole-pyrazole compounds as a novel class of agent against diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Wang R, Shen J, Wang J, Li L. Lariciresinol protects rats from complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis in rats via modulation of transforming growth factor-β and nuclear factor kappa B pathway: An in vivo and in silico study. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:168-176. [PMID: 37211531 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severe inflammatory auto-immune disorder affecting millions of people across the globe. The current therapeutic options are not adequate to address the complications of RA. Therefore, the present study was conducted to elucidate the protective effect of lariciresinol, a lignan, against Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. The results of the study showed that lariciresinol improves paw swelling and arthritic scores in rats as compared to CFA rats. Lariciresinol also showed a significant reduction in rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-17, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 level with a simultaneous increase in IL-4 level. The burden of oxidative stress was also reduced in CFA rats, as shown by reduced MDA levels and increased SOD and GPx after the administration of lariciresinol. In a Western blot analysis, lariciresinol showed a significant reduction of transforming growth factor-β and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein levels in CFA rats. To understand the binding characteristic of lariciresinol with NF-κB, molecular docking analysis was conducted, which showed Larciresinol interacted with the active site of NF-κB. Our study demonstrated the significant protective effect of lariciresinol against RA via multi-target action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhuo Zhao
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Jingfang Shen
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Jingxu Wang
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Lianju Li
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, China
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4
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Xue Y, Mei H, Chen Y, Griffin JD, Liu Q, Weisberg E, Yang J. Repurposing clinically available drugs and therapies for pathogenic targets to combat SARS-CoV-2. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e254. [PMID: 37193304 PMCID: PMC10183156 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected a large portion of the global population, both physically and mentally. Current evidence suggests that the rapidly evolving coronavirus subvariants risk rendering vaccines and antibodies ineffective due to their potential to evade existing immunity, with enhanced transmission activity and higher reinfection rates that could lead to new outbreaks across the globe. The goal of viral management is to disrupt the viral life cycle as well as to relieve severe symptoms such as lung damage, cytokine storm, and organ failure. In the fight against viruses, the combination of viral genome sequencing, elucidation of the structure of viral proteins, and identifying proteins that are highly conserved across multiple coronaviruses has revealed many potential molecular targets. In addition, the time- and cost-effective repurposing of preexisting antiviral drugs or approved/clinical drugs for these targets offers considerable clinical advantages for COVID-19 patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various identified pathogenic targets and pathways as well as corresponding repurposed approved/clinical drugs and their potential against COVID-19. These findings provide new insight into the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies that could be applied to the control of disease symptoms emanating from evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Xue
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Husheng Mei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yisa Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - James D. Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
- Hefei Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
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5
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Jiang Y, Zhao T, Zhou X, Xiang Y, Gutierrez‐Castrellon P, Ma X. Inflammatory pathways in COVID‐19: Mechanism and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e154. [PMID: 35923762 PMCID: PMC9340488 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global crisis. In the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces an excessive inflammatory response in patients, causing an inflammatory cytokine storm in severe cases. Cytokine storm leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary and other multiorgan failure, which is an important cause of COVID‐19 progression and even death. Among them, activation of inflammatory pathways is a major factor in generating cytokine storms and causing dysregulated immune responses, which is closely related to the severity of viral infection. Therefore, elucidation of the inflammatory signaling pathway of SARS‐CoV‐2 is important in providing otential therapeutic targets and treatment strategies against COVID‐19. Here, we discuss the major inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19, including induction, function, and downstream signaling, as well as existing and potential interventions targeting these cytokines or related signaling pathways. We believe that a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory pathways of COVID‐19 immune dysregulation and inflammation will help develop better clinical therapy strategies to effectively control inflammatory diseases, such as COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jiang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Tingmei Zhao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Biotherapy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Pedro Gutierrez‐Castrellon
- Center for Translational Research on Health Science Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez Ministry of Health Mexico City Mexico
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
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Alomar FA, Alshakhs MN, Abohelaika S, Almarzouk HM, Almualim M, Al-Ali AK, Al-Muhanna F, Alomar MF, Alhaddad MJ, Almulaify MS, Alessa FS, Alsalman AS, Alaswad A, Bidasee SR, Alsaad HA, Alali RA, AlSheikh MH, Akhtar MS, Al Mohaini M, Alsalman AJ, Alturaifi H, Bidasee KR. Elevated plasma level of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal on admission is an independent biomarker of mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9510. [PMID: 35680931 PMCID: PMC9178541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers to identify ICU COVID-19 patients at high risk for mortality are urgently needed for therapeutic care and management. Here we found plasma levels of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) were 4.4-fold higher in ICU patients upon admission that later died (n = 33), and 1.7-fold higher in ICU patients that survived (n = 32),compared to uninfected controls (n = 30). The increased MG in patients that died correlated inversely with the levels of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (r2 = - 0.50), and its co-factor glutathione (r2 = - 0.63), and positively with monocytes (r2 = 0.29). The inflammation markers, SSAO (r2 = 0.52), TNF-α (r2 = 0.41), IL-1β (r2 = 0.25), CRP (r2 = 0.26) also correlated positively with MG. Logistic regression analysis provides evidence of a significant relationship between the elevated MG upon admission into ICU and death (P < 0.0001), with 42% of the death variability explained. From these data we conclude that elevated plasma MG on admission is a novel independent biomarker that predicts mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhel A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marai N Alshakhs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Abohelaika
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan M Almarzouk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almualim
- Intenstive Care Unit, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Muhanna
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alomar
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa J Alhaddad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal S Alessa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Alsalman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaswad
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sean R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hassan A Alsaad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rudaynah A Alali
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona H AlSheikh
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Akhtar
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Keshore R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Saadon KE, Taha NMH, Mahmoud NA, Elhagali GAM, Ragab A. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antibacterial activity of some new pyridinone and pyrazole derivatives with some in silico ADME and molecular modeling study. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new series of pyridine-2-one and pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized based on cyanoacrylamide derivatives containing 2,4-dichlro aniline and 6-methyl 2-amino pyridine as an aryl group. Condensation of cyanoacrylamide derivatives 3a–d with different active methylene (malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate cyanoacetamide, and ethyl acetoacetate) in the presence of piperidine as basic catalyst afforded the corresponding pyridinone derivatives 4a–c, 5, 9, and 13. Furthermore, the reaction of cyanoacrylamide derivatives 3a–d with bi-nucleophile as hydrazine hydrate and thiosemicarbazide afforded the corresponding pyrazole derivatives 14a,b and 16. The newly designed derivatives were confirmed and established based on the elemental analysis and spectra data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass). The in vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated against four bacterial strains with weak to good antibacterial activity. Moreover, the results indicated that the most active derivatives 3a, 4a, 4b, 9, and 16 might lead to antibacterial agents, especially against B. subtilis and P. vulgaris. The DFT calculations were performed to estimate its geometric structure and electronic properties. In addition, the most active pyridinone and pyrazole derivatives were further evaluated for in silico physicochemical, drug-likeness, and toxicity prediction. These derivatives obeyed all Lipinski’s and Veber’s rules without any violation and displayed non-immunotoxin, non-mutagenic, and non-cytotoxic. Molecular docking simulation was performed inside the active site of Topoisomerase IV (PDB:3FV5). It displayed binding energy ranging from -14.97 kcal/mol to -18.86 kcal/mol with hydrogen bonding and arene–cation interaction. Therefore, these derivatives were suggested to be good antibacterial agents via topoisomerase IV inhibitor.
Graphical abstract
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Lu W, Cui Y, Zhang L. Isofraxidin exerts anti-diabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant effects and protects renal tissues via inhibition of NF-ĸB in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhao D, Ji J, Li S, Wu A. Skullcapflavone II protects neuronal damage in cerebral ischemic rats via inhibiting NF-ĸB and promoting angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104318. [PMID: 35026288 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia (CI) is considered as a main cause of cerebral stroke (CS) and poses significant risk to the mankind across the world. In the present study, we intended to investigate the protective effect of Skullcapflavone II (SCP) a flavonoid isolated from S. baicalensis on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion was used to create ischemic stroke rat model. The rats were treated with (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) SCP and after the end of the experiment the rats were sacrificed and various biochemical parameters were assed to determine the pharmacological action of SCP. RESULTS SCP dramatically decreases cerebral edema, infarct volume, and improves neurological manifestation as confirmed by reduced neurological deficit. SCP also improves the survivability of neurons as evidenced by H and E and Nissl staining. The level of oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex of the rats was found reduced after treatment with SCP, as confirmed by increase in GSH and SOD activity with reduction in MDA content. In addition, SCP attenuated inflammation via reducing the level of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in brain tissues of rats. SCP increases the expression of Bcl2, cleaved caspase-3 and -9, while decreasing Bax, and NF-ĸB/TLR4. It causes induction of angiogenesis as suggested by increased expression of VEGF, Ang-1 and Tie-2 in cerebral cortex of rat. CONCLUSIONS Our data determined that SCP may provide protective effect on the I/R-induced cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danpeng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Ward 6, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City 450000, China
| | - Jinming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256610, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256610, China
| | - Aimei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Fengcheng Hospital, No.9 Fengcheng 3(rd) Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China.
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Yin J, Li C, Ye C, Ruan Z, Liang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Luo Z. Advances in the development of therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 and perspectives in the drug design for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:824-837. [PMID: 35126885 PMCID: PMC8802458 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Farahani M, Niknam Z, Mohammadi Amirabad L, Amiri-Dashatan N, Koushki M, Nemati M, Danesh Pouya F, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Rasmi Y, Tayebi L. Molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and potential pathway-based therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112420. [PMID: 34801852 PMCID: PMC8585639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular downstream consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)- 2 infection is important for a greater understanding of the disease and treatment planning. Furthermore, greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies can help in the development of vaccines and drugs against COVID-19. At present, the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in the host cells are not sufficiently comprehended. Some of the mechanisms are proposed considering the existing similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and the other members of the β-CoVs, and others are explained based on studies advanced in the structure and function of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we endeavored to map the possible mechanisms of the host response following SARS-CoV-2 infection and surveyed current research conducted by in vitro, in vivo and human observations, as well as existing suggestions. We addressed the specific signaling events that can cause cytokine storm and demonstrated three forms of cell death signaling following virus infection, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Given the elicited signaling pathways, we introduced possible pathway-based therapeutic targets; ADAM17 was especially highlighted as one of the most important elements of several signaling pathways involved in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. We also provided the possible drug candidates against these targets. Moreover, the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was found as one of the important cross-talk pathways through a pathway-pathway interaction analysis for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Farahani
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Amiri-Dashatan
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Koushki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fahima Danesh Pouya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Zhu L, Zhang Y. Discovery of novel Ketamine-inspired derivatives as a protective agent against renal ischemic/reperfusion injury in Wistar rats. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 100:13-24. [PMID: 34923757 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a limiting factor for the success of renal grafts and is deemed greatly responsible for the mortality. A novel series of Ketamine inspired compounds were synthesized and subjected to NF-ĸB transcriptional inhibitory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, where entire set of compounds showed mild to significant NF-ĸB transcriptional inhibitory activity (IC50 6.53 - 67.52 µM). Compound 6d showed highest inhibitory activity among the tested series (IC50 2.62 µM), and found more potent as compared to Ketamine as standard. The effect of compound 6d was further quantified in I/R injury in Wistar rats, where it dose-dependently improves kidney function of rats with significant amelioration of kidney injury as suggested by histopathological examination of renal tissues. It further showed reduction in the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improves the anti-oxidant status of experimental rats. Compound 6d inhibited apoptosis and increases the expression of Bcl2 and decreases Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 level. It further reduces TLR-4 and NF-κB expression in renal cells of rats, with increases in IκB-α level in western blot analysis as compared to I/R group. In summary, our current study showed the development of a novel class of Ketamine-inspired derivatives against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Surgical Anesthesiology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, 401331
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Surgical Anesthesiology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, 401331
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Cai SQ, Zhang Q, Zhao XH, Shi J. The In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Galangin and Quercetin towards the LPS-Injured Rat Intestinal Epithelial (IEC-6) Cells as Affected by Heat Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:7495. [PMID: 34946578 PMCID: PMC8703769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonols possess several beneficial bioactivities in vitro and in vivo. In this study, two flavonols galangin and quercetin with or without heat treatment (100 °C for 15-30 min) were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells and whether the heat treatment caused activity changes. The flavonol dosages of 2.5-20 μmol/L had no cytotoxicity on the cells but could enhance cell viability (especially using 5 μmol/L flavonol dosage). The flavonols could decrease the production of prostaglandin E2 and three pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and simultaneously promote the production of two anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β. The Western-blot results verified that the flavonols could suppress the LPS-induced expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated IκBα and p65, while the molecular docking results also illustrated that the flavonols could bind with TLR4 and NF-κB to yield energy decreases of -(21.9-28.6) kJ/mol. Furthermore, an inhibitor BAY 11-7082 blocked the NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of phosphorylated IκBα/p65 and thus mediated the production of IL-6/IL-10 as the flavonols did, which confirmed the assessed anti-inflammatory effect of the flavonols. Consistently, galangin had higher anti-inflammatory activity than quercetin, while the heated flavonols (especially those with longer heat time) were less active than the unheated counterparts to exert these target anti-inflammatory effects. It is highlighted that the flavonols could antagonize the LPS-caused IEC-6 cells inflammation via suppressing TLR4/NF-κB activation, but heat treatment of the flavonols led to reduced anti-inflammatory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China;
- Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China;
- Research Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Healthcare, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
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14
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Razmienė B, Řezníčková E, Dambrauskienė V, Ostruszka R, Kubala M, Žukauskaitė A, Kryštof V, Šačkus A, Arbačiauskienė E. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of 2,4,6,7-Tetrasubstituted-2 H-pyrazolo[4,3- c]pyridines. Molecules 2021; 26:6747. [PMID: 34771163 PMCID: PMC8588486 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 2,4,6,7-tetrasubstituted-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines was prepared from easily accessible 1-phenyl-3-(2-phenylethynyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde via an iodine-mediated electrophilic cyclization of intermediate 4-(azidomethyl)-1-phenyl-3-(phenylethynyl)-1H-pyrazoles to 7-iodo-2,6-diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines followed by Suzuki cross-couplings with various boronic acids and alkylation reactions. The compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against K562, MV4-11, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The most potent compounds displayed low micromolar GI50 values. 4-(2,6-Diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)phenol proved to be the most active, induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage, activated the initiator enzyme of apoptotic cascade caspase 9, induced a fragmentation of microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3 (LC3), and reduced the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The obtained results suggest a complex action of 4-(2,6-diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)phenol that combines antiproliferative effects with the induction of cell death. Moreover, investigations of the fluorescence properties of the final compounds revealed 7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-diphenyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine as the most potent pH indicator that enables both fluorescence intensity-based and ratiometric pH sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatričė Razmienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.R.); (V.D.); (A.Š.)
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (E.Ř.); (V.K.)
| | - Vaida Dambrauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.R.); (V.D.); (A.Š.)
| | - Radek Ostruszka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kubala
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (E.Ř.); (V.K.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.R.); (V.D.); (A.Š.)
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.R.); (V.D.); (A.Š.)
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15
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Kumar G, Saroha B, Kumar R, Kumari M, Dalal S, Kumar S. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of some novel
N
,
N
‐dimethylaminopropoxy‐substituted aurones. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
| | - Bhavna Saroha
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Chemistry Govt. College for Women, Badhra Charkhi Dadri India
| | - Sunita Dalal
- Department of Biotechnology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra India
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16
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Marinescu M. Synthesis of Antimicrobial Benzimidazole-Pyrazole Compounds and Their Biological Activities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1002. [PMID: 34439052 PMCID: PMC8389006 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of new compounds with antimicrobial and antiviral properties is a central objective today in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Benzimidazole and pyrazole compounds have remarkable biological properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's, antiulcer, antidiabetic. Moreover, recent literature mentions the syntheses and antimicrobial properties of some benzimidazole-pyrazole hybrids, as well as other biological properties thereof. In this review, we aim to review the methods of synthesis of these hybrids, the antimicrobial activities of the compounds, their correlation with various groups present on the molecule, as well as their pharmaceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marinescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Panduri, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Yang L, Xie X, Tu Z, Fu J, Xu D, Zhou Y. The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:255. [PMID: 34234112 PMCID: PMC8261820 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global crisis and is more devastating than any other previous infectious disease. It has affected a significant proportion of the global population both physically and mentally, and destroyed businesses and societies. Current evidence suggested that immunopathology may be responsible for COVID-19 pathogenesis, including lymphopenia, neutrophilia, dysregulation of monocytes and macrophages, reduced or delayed type I interferon (IFN-I) response, antibody-dependent enhancement, and especially, cytokine storm (CS). The CS is characterized by hyperproduction of an array of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is closely associated with poor prognosis. These excessively secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines initiate different inflammatory signaling pathways via their receptors on immune and tissue cells, resulting in complicated medical symptoms including fever, capillary leak syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure, ultimately leading to death in the most severe cases. Therefore, it is clinically important to understand the initiation and signaling pathways of CS to develop more effective treatment strategies for COVID-19. Herein, we discuss the latest developments in the immunopathological characteristics of COVID-19 and focus on CS including the current research status of the different cytokines involved. We also discuss the induction, function, downstream signaling, and existing and potential interventions for targeting these cytokines or related signal pathways. We believe that a comprehensive understanding of CS in COVID-19 will help to develop better strategies to effectively control immunopathology in this disease and other infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueru Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zikun Tu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- General Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Damo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Discovery of pyrazole derivatives as potent inhibitor of NF-ĸB for possible benefit in abdominal aortic aneurysms. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Obakachi VA, Kushwaha ND, Kushwaha B, Mahlalela MC, Shinde SR, Kehinde I, Karpoormath R. Design and synthesis of pyrazolone-based compounds as potent blockers of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into the host cells. J Mol Struct 2021; 1241:130665. [PMID: 34007088 PMCID: PMC8118388 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. It relies on the fusion of their envelope with the host cell membrane to deliver their nucleocapsid into the host cell. The spike glycoprotein (S) mediates virus entry into cells via the human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) protein located on many cell types and tissues' outer surface. This study, therefore, aimed to design and synthesize novel pyrazolone-based compounds as potential inhibitors that would interrupt the interaction between the viral spike protein and the host cell receptor to prevent SARS-CoV 2 entrance into the cell. A series of pyrazolone compounds as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors were designed and synthesized. Employing computational techniques, the inhibitory potentials of the designed compounds against both spike protein and hACE2 were evaluated. Results of the binding free energy from the in-silico analysis, showed that three compounds (7i, 7k and 8f) and six compounds (7b, 7h, 7k, 8d, 8g, and 8h) showed higher and better binding high affinity to SARS-CoV-2 Sgp and hACE-2, respectively compared to the standard drugs cefoperazone (CFZ) and MLN-4760. Furthermore, the outcome of the structural analysis of the two proteins upon binding of the inhibitors showed that the two proteins (SARS-CoV-2 Sgp and hACE-2) were stable, and the structural integrity of the proteins was not compromised. This study suggests pyrazolone-based compounds might be potent blockers of the viral entry into the host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Obakachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Narva Deshwar Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Babita Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mavela Cleopus Mahlalela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Suraj Raosaheb Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Idowu Kehinde
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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20
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Wu Y, Ma L, Cai S, Zhuang Z, Zhao Z, Jin S, Xie W, Zhou L, Zhang L, Zhao J, Cui J. RNA-induced liquid phase separation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein facilitates NF-κB hyper-activation and inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:167. [PMID: 33895773 PMCID: PMC8065320 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed a worldwide pandemic and a major global public health threat. The severity and mortality of COVID-19 are associated with virus-induced dysfunctional inflammatory responses and cytokine storms. However, the interplay between host inflammatory responses and SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein, the major structural protein of the virion, promotes the virus-triggered activation of NF-κB signaling. After binding to viral RNA, N protein robustly undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which recruits TAK1 and IKK complex, the key kinases of NF-κB signaling, to enhance NF-κB activation. Moreover, 1,6-hexanediol, the inhibitor of LLPS, can attenuate the phase separation of N protein and restrict its regulatory functions in NF-κB activation. These results suggest that LLPS of N protein provides a platform to induce NF-κB hyper-activation, which could be a potential therapeutic target against COVID-19 severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihui Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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