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Ahi EP, Richter F, Sefc KM. Gene expression patterns associated with caudal fin shape in the cichlid Lamprologus tigripictilis. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2022; 850:2257-2273. [PMID: 37325486 PMCID: PMC10261199 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-05068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Variation in fin shape is one of the most prominent features of morphological diversity among fish. Regulation of fin growth has mainly been studied in zebrafish, and it is not clear whether the molecular mechanisms underlying shape variation are equally diverse or rather conserved across species. In the present study, expression levels of 37 candidate genes were tested for association with fin shape in the cichlid fish Lamprologus tigripictilis. The tested genes included members of a fin shape-associated gene regulatory network identified in a previous study and novel candidates selected within this study. Using both intact and regenerating fin tissue, we tested for expression differences between the elongated and the short regions of the spade-shaped caudal fin and identified 20 genes and transcription factors (including angptl5, cd63, csrp1a, cx43, esco2, gbf1, and rbpj), whose expression patterns were consistent with a role in fin growth. Collated with available gene expression data of two other cichlid species, our study not only highlights several genes that were correlated with fin growth in all three species (e.g., angptl5, cd63, cx43, and mmp9), but also reveals species-specific gene expression and correlation patterns, which indicate considerable divergence in the regulatory mechanisms of fin growth across cichlids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-022-05068-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Florian Richter
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kristina M. Sefc
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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The Adipose-Derived Stem Cell and Endothelial Cell Coculture System-Role of Growth Factors? Cells 2021; 10:cells10082074. [PMID: 34440843 PMCID: PMC8394058 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate vascularization is a fundamental prerequisite for bone regeneration, formation and tissue engineering applications. Endothelialization of scaffold materials is a promising strategy to support neovascularization and bone tissue formation. Besides oxygen and nutrition supply, the endothelial network plays an important role concerning osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells and consecutive bone formation. In this study we aimed to enhance the growth stimulating, proangiogenic and osteogenic features of the ADSC and HUVEC coculture system by means of VEGFA165 and BMP2 application. We were able to show that sprouting phenomena and osteogenic differentiation were enhanced in the ADSC/HUVEC coculture. Furthermore, apoptosis was unidirectionally decreased in HUVECs, but these effects were not further enhanced upon VEGFA165 or BMP2 application. In summary, the ADSC/HUVEC coculture system per se is a powerful tool for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Vascularization Strategies in Bone Tissue Engineering. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071749. [PMID: 34359919 PMCID: PMC8306064 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, and its development, maturation, remodeling, and regeneration are dependent on a tight regulation of blood vessel supply. This condition also has to be taken into consideration in the context of the development of artificial tissue substitutes. In classic tissue engineering, bone-forming cells such as primary osteoblasts or mesenchymal stem cells are introduced into suitable scaffolds and implanted in order to treat critical-size bone defects. However, such tissue substitutes are initially avascular. Because of the occurrence of hypoxic conditions, especially in larger tissue substitutes, this leads to the death of the implanted cells. Therefore, it is necessary to devise vascularization strategies aiming at fast and efficient vascularization of implanted artificial tissues. In this review article, we present and discuss the current vascularization strategies in bone tissue engineering. These are based on the use of angiogenic growth factors, the co-implantation of blood vessel forming cells, the ex vivo microfabrication of blood vessels by means of bioprinting, and surgical methods for creating surgically transferable composite tissues.
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Rong Q, Li S, Zhou Y, Geng Y, Liu S, Wu W, Forouzanfar T, Wu G, Zhang Z, Zhou M. A novel method to improve the osteogenesis capacity of hUCMSCs with dual-directional pre-induction under screened co-culture conditions. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12740. [PMID: 31820506 PMCID: PMC7078770 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based therapy for bone regeneration has been regarded as a promising method in the clinic. However, hBMSCs with invasive harvesting process and undesirable proliferation rate hinder the extensive usage. HUCMSCs of easier access and excellent performances provide an alternative for the fabrication of tissue-engineered bone construct. Evidence suggested the osteogenesis ability of hUCMSCs was weaker than that of hBMSCs. To address this issue, a co-culture strategy of osteogenically and angiogenically induced hUCMSCs has been proposed since thorough vascularization facilitates the blood-borne nutrition and oxygen to transport in the scaffold, synergistically expediting the process of ossification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, we used osteogenic- and angiogenic-differentiated hUCMSCs for co-culture in screened culture medium to elevate the osteogenic capacity with in vitro studies and finally coupled with 3D TCP scaffold to repair rat's critical-sized calvarial bone defect. By dual-directional induction, hUCMSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts and endothelial cells, respectively. To optimize the co-culture condition, gradient ratios of dual-directional differentiated hUCMSCs co-cultured under different medium were studied to determine the appropriate condition. RESULTS It revealed that the osteogenic- and angiogenic-induced hUCMSCs mixed with the ratio of 3:1 co-cultured in the mixed medium of osteogenic induction medium to endothelial cell induction medium of 3:1 possessed more mineralization nodules. Similarly, ALP and osteogenesis/angiogenesis-related genes expressions were relatively higher. Further evidence of bone defect repair with 3D printed TCP of 3:1 group exhibited better restoration outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrated a favourable and convenient approach of dual-directional differentiated hUCMSCs co-culture to improve the osteogenesis, establishing a novel way to fabricate tissue-engineered bone graft with 3D TCP for large bone defect augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Rong
- Key Laboratory of Oral MedicineGuangzhou Institute of Oral DiseaseAffiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of StomatologyThe First People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceThe Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Shuyi Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/PathologyAmsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement ScienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral MedicineGuangzhou Institute of Oral DiseaseAffiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuanming Geng
- Department of StomatologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shangbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral MedicineGuangzhou Institute of Oral DiseaseAffiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wanqiu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral MedicineGuangzhou Institute of Oral DiseaseAffiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tim Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/PathologyAmsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement ScienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic DentistryAcademic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies of Guangzhou Medical UniversityThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Miao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral MedicineGuangzhou Institute of Oral DiseaseAffiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) Co-Culture with Osteogenic Cells: From Molecular Communication to Engineering Prevascularised Bone Grafts. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101602. [PMID: 31623330 PMCID: PMC6832897 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of bone defects caused by trauma, infection or tumor resection is a major clinical orthopedic challenge. The application of bone grafts in orthopedic procedures is associated with a problem of inadequate vascularization in the initial phase after implantation. Meanwhile, the survival of cells within the implanted graft and its integration with the host tissue is strongly dependent on nutrient and gaseous exchange, as well as waste product removal, which are effectuated by blood microcirculation. In the bone tissue, the vasculature also delivers the calcium and phosphate indispensable for the mineralization process. The critical role of vascularization for bone healing and function, led the researchers to the idea of generating a capillary-like network within the bone graft in vitro, which could allow increasing the cell survival and graft integration with a host tissue. New strategies for engineering pre-vascularized bone grafts, that apply the co-culture of endothelial and bone-forming cells, have recently gained interest. However, engineering of metabolically active graft, containing two types of cells requires deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms of interaction between these cells. The present review focuses on the best-characterized endothelial cells-human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)-attempting to estimate whether the co-culture approach, using these cells, could bring us closer to development and possible clinical application of prevascularized bone grafts.
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Simunovic F, Winninger O, Strassburg S, Koch HG, Finkenzeller G, Stark GB, Lampert FM. Increased differentiation and production of extracellular matrix components of primary human osteoblasts after cocultivation with endothelial cells: A quantitative proteomics approach. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:396-404. [PMID: 30126049 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coculturing of bone-forming and blood vessel-forming cells is a strategy aimed at increasing vascularity of implanted bone constructs in tissue-engineering applications. We previously described that the coculture of primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) improves the differentiation of both cell types, leading to the formation of functional blood vessels and enhanced bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to further delineate the multifaceted interactions between both cell types. To investigate the proteome of hOBs after cocultivation with HUVECs we used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, revealing 49 significantly upregulated, and 54 significantly downregulated proteins. Amongst the highest regulated proteins, we found the proteins important for osteoblast differentiation, cellular adhesion, and extracellular matrix function, notably: connective tissue growth factor, desmoplakin, galectin-3, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6. The findings were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We also investigated whether the mRNA transcripts correlate with the changes in protein levels by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the data was compared to our previous microarray analysis of hOB transcriptome. Taken together, this in-depth analysis delivers reliable data suggesting the importance of coculturing of hOBs and HUVECs in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Simunovic
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Winninger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Strassburg
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H G Koch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G B Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F M Lampert
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Strassburg S, Nabar N, Lampert F, Goerke SM, Pfeifer D, Finkenzeller G, Stark GB, Simunovic F. Calmodulin Regulated Spectrin Associated Protein 1 mRNA is Directly Regulated by miR-126 in Primary Human Osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1756-1763. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Strassburg
- Departments of Plastic and Hand Surgery; University of Freiburg Medical Center; Freiburg 79106 Germany
| | - Nikita Nabar
- Departments of Plastic and Hand Surgery; University of Freiburg Medical Center; Freiburg 79106 Germany
| | - Florian Lampert
- Departments of Plastic and Hand Surgery; University of Freiburg Medical Center; Freiburg 79106 Germany
| | - Sebastian M. Goerke
- Department of Radiology; Ortenau Klinikum Offenburg-Gengenbach; Offenburg Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Freiburg University Medical Center; Freiburg 79106 Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Departments of Plastic and Hand Surgery; University of Freiburg Medical Center; Freiburg 79106 Germany
| | - Gerhard B. Stark
- Departments of Plastic and Hand Surgery; University of Freiburg Medical Center; Freiburg 79106 Germany
| | - Filip Simunovic
- Departments of Plastic and Hand Surgery; University of Freiburg Medical Center; Freiburg 79106 Germany
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Lampert FM, Simunovic F, Finkenzeller G, Pfeifer D, Stark GB, Winninger O, Steiner D. Transcriptomic Changes in Osteoblasts Following Endothelial Cell-Cocultivation Suggest a Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cellular Interaction. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1869-79. [PMID: 26754918 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is important for bone development, fracture healing and engineering of artificial bone tissue. In the context of bone tissue engineering, it was shown that coimplantation of human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human osteoblasts (hOBs) results in the formation of functional blood vessels and enhanced bone regeneration. Implanted endothelial cells do not only contribute to blood vessel formation, but also support proliferation, cell survival and osteogenic differentiation of coimplanted hOBs. These effects are partially mediated by direct heterotypic cell contacts. In a previous report we could show that cocultivated hOBs strongly increase the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in HUVECs, suggesting that ECM may be involved in the intercellular communication between hOBs and HUVECs. The present study aimed at investigating whether comparable changes occur in hOBs. We therefore performed a microarray analysis of hOBs cultivated in direct contact with HUVECs, revealing 1,004 differentially expressed genes. The differentially expressed genes could be assigned to the functional clusters ECM, proliferation, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation. The microarray data could be confirmed by performing quantitative real time RT-PCR on selected genes. Furthermore, we could show that the ECM produced by HUVECs increased the expression of the osteogenic differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hOBs. In summary, our data demonstrate that HUVECs provoke complex changes in gene expression patterns in cocultivated hOBs and that ECM plays and important role in this interaction. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1869-1879, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Lampert
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filip Simunovic
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Björn Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oscar Winninger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Steiner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Dabir SS, Das D, Nallathambi J, Mangalesh S, Yadav NK, Schouten JSAG. Differential systemic gene expression profile in patients with diabetic macular edema: responders versus nonresponders to standard treatment. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 62:66-73. [PMID: 24492504 PMCID: PMC3955073 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.126186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a vision-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy. The current practice of management is a trial and error method of using intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)” or steroids to treat the patient and watch the response. However, if the patient's genetic profile helps us choose appropriate medicine, it would help customize treatment option for each patient. This forms the basis of our study. Materials and Methods: A case-control, prospective, observational series, where DME patients were treated with bevacizumab and subclassified as treatment naοve, treatment responders, and treatment nonresponders. Blood samples of 20 subjects were studied, with five patients in each of the groups (nondiabetic- group 1, treatment naοve- group 2, treatment responder- group 3, and treatment nonresponder-group 4). Whole blood RNA extraction followed by labeling, amplification and hybridization was done, and microarray data analyzed. Genes were classified based on functional category and pathways. Results: The total number of genes upregulated among all three experimental groups was 5, whereas 105 genes were downregulated. There were no common genes upregulated between the responders and nonresponders. There was only one gene upregulated between the diabetic and diabetic responders posttreatment. There were 19 genes upregulated and 8 genes downregulated in the inflammatory pathway in group 2 versus group 1. There were no downregulated genes detected in vascular angiogenesis and transcription group. There were identical numbers of genes up- and downregulated in the inflammatory pathway. Seventeen genes were upreguated and 11 genes downregulated in receptor activity, which remained the predominant group in the group classification. Discussion: In summary, this study would provide an insight into the probable signaling mechanisms for disease pathogenesis as well as progression. This type of study eventually would aid in developing or improvising existing treatment modules with a rational approach towards personalized medicine, in future addressing the differential responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya S Dabir
- Department of Retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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