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Mohamad SF, Gunawan A, Blosser R, Childress P, Aguilar-Perez A, Ghosh J, Hong JM, Liu J, Kanagasabapathy D, Kacena MA, Srour EF, Bruzzaniti A. Neonatal Osteomacs and Bone Marrow Macrophages Differ in Phenotypic Marker Expression and Function. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1580-1593. [PMID: 33900648 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteomacs (OM) are specialized bone-resident macrophages that are a component of the hematopoietic niche and support bone formation. Also located in the niche are a second subset of macrophages, namely bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM Mφ). We previously reported that a subpopulation of OM co-express both CD166 and CSF1R, the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), and that OM form more bone-resorbing osteoclasts than BM Mφ. Reported here are single-cell quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), mass cytometry (CyTOF), and marker-specific functional studies that further identify differences between OM and BM Mφ from neonatal C57Bl/6 mice. Although OM express higher levels of CSF1R and MCSF, they do not respond to MCSF-induced proliferation, in contrast to BM Mφ. Moreover, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), without the addition of MCSF, was sufficient to induce osteoclast formation in OM but not BM Mφ cultures. OM express higher levels of CD166 than BM Mφ, and we found that osteoclast formation by CD166-/- OM was reduced compared with wild-type (WT) OM, whereas CD166-/- BM Mφ showed enhanced osteoclast formation. CD110/c-Mpl, the receptor for thrombopoietin (TPO), was also higher in OM, but TPO did not alter OM-derived osteoclast formation, whereas TPO stimulated BM Mφ osteoclast formation. CyTOF analyses demonstrated OM uniquely co-express CD86 and CD206, markers of M1 and M2 polarized macrophages, respectively. OM performed equivalent phagocytosis in response to LPS or IL-4/IL-10, which induce polarization to M1 and M2 subtypes, respectively, whereas BM Mφ were less competent at phagocytosis when polarized to the M2 subtype. Moreover, in contrast to BM Mφ, LPS treatment of OM led to the upregulation of CD80, an M1 marker, as well as IL-10 and IL-6, known anti-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, these data reveal that OM and BM Mφ are distinct subgroups of macrophages, whose phenotypic and functional differences in proliferation, phagocytosis, and osteoclast formation may contribute physiological specificity during health and disease. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa F Mohamad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Gunawan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel Blosser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul Childress
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deepa Kanagasabapathy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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2
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Hu G, Yu Y, Tang YJ, Wu C, Long F, Karner CM. The Amino Acid Sensor Eif2ak4/GCN2 Is Required for Proliferation of Osteoblast Progenitors in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2004-2014. [PMID: 32453500 PMCID: PMC7688563 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPC) are critical regulators of bone homeostasis by providing a continuous supply of osteoblasts throughout life. In response to inductive signals, SSPC proliferate before osteoblast differentiation. Proliferation requires the duplication of all cellular components before cell division. This imposes a unique biosynthetic requirement for amino acids that can be used for biomass production. Thus, the ability to sense and respond to amino acid availability is likely a major determinant for proliferation. Using a cellular and genetic approach, we demonstrate the amino acid sensor GCN2 is required to support the robust proliferative capacity of SSPC during bone homeostasis. GCN2 ablation results in decreased postnatal bone mass due primarily to reduced osteoblast numbers. Decreased osteoblast numbers is likely attributed to reduced SSPC proliferation as loss of GCN2 specifically affected proliferation in cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) without impacting osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Mechanistically, GCN2 regulates proliferation by increasing amino acid uptake downstream of the transcriptional effector ATF4. Collectively, these data suggest amino acid sensing through the GCN2/ATF4 pathway is indispensable for robust SSPC proliferation necessary for bone homeostasis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuning J Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colleen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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3
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Chermside-Scabbo CJ, Harris TL, Brodt MD, Braenne I, Zhang B, Farber CR, Silva MJ. Old Mice Have Less Transcriptional Activation But Similar Periosteal Cell Proliferation Compared to Young-Adult Mice in Response to in vivo Mechanical Loading. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1751-1764. [PMID: 32311160 PMCID: PMC7486279 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is a potent strategy to induce bone formation, but with aging, the bone formation response to the same mechanical stimulus diminishes. Our main objectives were to (i) discover the potential transcriptional differences and (ii) compare the periosteal cell proliferation between tibias of young-adult and old mice in response to strain-matched mechanical loading. First, to discover potential age-related transcriptional differences, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the loading responses between tibias of young-adult (5-month) and old (22-month) C57BL/6N female mice following 1, 3, or 5 days of axial loading (loaded versus non-loaded). Compared to young-adult mice, old mice had less transcriptional activation following loading at each time point, as measured by the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the fold-changes of the DEGs. Old mice engaged fewer pathways and gene ontology (GO) processes, showing less activation of processes related to proliferation and differentiation. In tibias of young-adult mice, we observed prominent Wnt signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM), and neuronal responses, which were diminished with aging. Additionally, we identified several targets that may be effective in restoring the mechanoresponsiveness of aged bone, including nerve growth factor (NGF), Notum, prostaglandin signaling, Nell-1, and the AP-1 family. Second, to directly test the extent to which periosteal cell proliferation was diminished in old mice, we used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in a separate cohort of mice to label cells that divided during the 5-day loading interval. Young-adult and old mice had an average of 15.5 and 16.7 BrdU+ surface cells/mm, respectively, suggesting that impaired proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not explain the diminished bone formation response with aging. We conclude that old mice have diminished transcriptional activation following mechanical loading, but periosteal proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not differ between tibias of young-adult and old mice. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Chermside-Scabbo
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taylor L Harris
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael D Brodt
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ingrid Braenne
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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4
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Yan XL, Zhang XB, Ao R, Guan L. Effects of shRNA-Mediated Silencing of PKM2 Gene on Aerobic Glycolysis, Cell Migration, Cell Invasion, and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4792-4803. [PMID: 28543190 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of shRNA-mediated silencing on Pyruvate kinase type M2 (PKM2) gene during aerobic glycolysis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 136 patients diagnosed with qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to detect mRNA and protein expressions of PKM2. CRC cells were divided into a blank, vector, and PKM2-shRNA groups. Hexokinase (HK) and PKM2 activity were both determined by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) coupled colorimetric assay and enzyme coupling rate method. The extracellular lactate concentration was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer and caspase activity was measured using spectrophotometry. The proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of CRC cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and scratch test. Three groups of nude mice were injected with 0.2 mL single-cell suspension from the blank, vector, and PKM2-shRNA groups, respectively. PKM2 protein content in CRC tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. Results showed that the PKM2-shRNA group exhibited significantly lower mRNA and protein expressions of PKM2, decreased PKM2 activity, reduced lactate metabolism level, increased cell apoptosis rate, elevated caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, weakened proliferation, and a reduction in cell invasion and migration ability compared to the vector and blank groups. The optical density (OD) value was lower in the PKM2-shRNA group than in the blank and vector groups. These findings indicate that shRNA-mediated silencing of PKM2 gene promotes apoptosis and inhibits aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, migration, and invasion in CRC cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4792-4803, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Yan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Ran Ao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China
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5
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Tang Z, Qiu H, Luo L, Liu N, Zhong J, Kang K, Gou D. miR-34b Modulates Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4285-4295. [PMID: 28422320 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis involves myoblast proliferation and differentiation to myocytes, followed by fusion and hypertrophy to form myotubes during muscle development. Increasing evidence showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of myogenesis. We have previously revealed that miR-34b is steadily increased during this process. This miRNA regulates differentiation in various cell types, though its function in myogenesis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that miR-34b represses muscle cell proliferation and promotes myotube formation. Our quantitative iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals 97 proteins are regulated by miR-34b in mouse myoblast C2C12. We identified that miR-34b targets 14-3-3 protein gamma, adenosylhomocysteinase and nucleolin by binding to their 3'UTR. Further analysis of these proteins expression patterns show that nucleolin is a cognate target of miR-34b during myogenic differentiation. Here, we proved that a moderate reduction of nucleolin in cells enhanced the myotube formation. However, nucleolin is required for myogenesis, as cells with low levels of nucleolin reduced cell proliferation rate and are unable to differentiate. Our data demonstrated that nucleolin regulates myogenesis in a protein-abundance-dependent manner. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4285-4295, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Huiling Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Biomedical Engineering, Health and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Kang Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
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6
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Chen X, Gao Y, Li D, Cao Y, Hao B. LncRNA-TP53TG1 Participated in the Stress Response Under Glucose Deprivation in Glioma. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4897-4904. [PMID: 28569381 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common brain tumors of the center nervous system. And long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts, which have been considered as one type of gene expression regulator for cancer development. In this study, we investigated the role of lncRNA-TP53TG1 in response to glucose deprivation in human gliomas. The expression levels of TP53TG1 in glioma tissues and cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR. In addition, the influence of TP53TG1 on glucose metabolism related genes at the mRNA level during both high and low glucose treatment was detected by qRT-PCR. MTT, clonogenicity assays, and flow cytometry were performed to detect the cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the migration of glioma cells was examined by Transwell assays. The expression of TP53TG1 was significantly higher in human glioma tissues or cell lines compared with normal brain tissue or NHA. Moreover, TP53TG1 and some tumor glucose metabolism related genes, such as GRP78, LDHA, and IDH1 were up-regulated significantly in U87 and LN18 cells under glucose deprivation. In addition, knockdown of TP53TG1 decreased cell proliferation and migration and down-regulated GRP78 and IDH1 expression levels and up-regulated PKM2 levels in U87 cells under glucose deprivation. However, over-expression of TP53TG1 showed the opposite tendency. Moreover, the effects of TP53TG1 were more remarkable in low glucose than that in high glucose. Our data showed that TP53TG1 under glucose deprivation may promote cell proliferation and migration by influencing the expression of glucose metabolism related genes in glioma. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4897-4904, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Brain and Spine Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Brain and Spine Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Deheng Li
- Department of Brain and Spine Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqun Cao
- Department of Brain and Spine Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Brain and Spine Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Tarhriz V, Wagner KD, Masoumi Z, Molavi O, Hejazi MS, Ghanbarian H. CDK9 Regulates Apoptosis of Myoblast Cells by Modulation of microRNA-1 Expression. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:547-554. [PMID: 28608935 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cdk9 is the catalytic core of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and regulates transcriptional elongation factors by phosphorylation of RNA pol II. Apart from its role on myogenic gene expression, Cdk9 regulation of muscle-specific microRNAs in the early stage of cardiomyogenesis is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Cdk9 not only regulates myogenic transcription factors, but also controls muscle-specific microRNAs. During cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells, high Cdk9 expression preceded up-regulation of miR-1. To investigate potential regulatory roles of Cdk9 on cardiac microRNAs and myogenesis genes, we overexpressed Cdk9 in myoblast C2C12 cells, which resulted in significant induction of miR-1 and miR-206, while miR-133 was downregulated. Moreover, expression levels of MyoD and Srf, key regulators of myogenesis, also increased in cells with overexpression of Cdk9. We further observed Cdk9-mediated apoptosis in C2C12 cells corresponding to induction of miR-1 expression levels. Thus, Cdk9 plays a complex role in myocyte progenitor differentiation and apoptosis by regulating myogenic protein and muscle-specific microRNA expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 547-554, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Tarhriz
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Zan PF, Yao J, Wu Z, Yang Y, Hu S, Li GD. Cyclin D1 Gene Silencing Promotes IL-1β-Induced Apoptosis in Rat Chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:290-299. [PMID: 28548679 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cyclin D1 gene silencing on cell proliferation and apoptosis of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. Chondrocytes from healthy sprague-dawley rats were divided into blank, OA model (chondrocytes underwent IL-1β inducement), OA trial (chondrocytes underwent IL-1β inducement with cyclin D1-shRNA treatment), and negative control (NC; chondrocytes underwent IL-1β inducement and control-shRNA treatment) groups. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay, and cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect cyclin D1 and apoptosis-related factors expression levels. Chondrocyte proliferation increased after 72-96 h after incubation. The OA trial group exhibited reduced cell proliferation at 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment. The OA model, OA trial, and NC groups all contained more cells arrested in G1 phase and had higher apoptosis rates than the blank group. Additionally, the OA trial group contained more cells arrested in G1 phase, with increased apoptosis rates compared to the OA model and NC groups. The OA model group had lowest expression of cyclin D1 whereas the blank group contained the highest among the four groups. qRT-PCR also showed that the OA model, OA trial, and NC groups all had increased expression levels of Bax and reduced expression levels of Bcl-2 and P53 compared to the blank group, whereby by the OA group had the most significant change. The combined evidence in our study shows that cyclin D1 gene silencing suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of rat chondrocytes in IL-1β-induced OA. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 290-299, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yao
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
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Liang J, Xu L, Zhou F, Liu AM, Ge HX, Chen YY, Tu M. MALAT1/miR-127-5p Regulates Osteopontin (OPN)-Mediated Proliferation of Human Chondrocytes Through PI3K/Akt Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:431-439. [PMID: 28590075 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, resulting in significant disability. Chondrocytes present in various types of cartilage and are responsible for the growth and maintenance of the tissue. Over-proliferation of human chondrocytes may contributes to OA pathological process. Previously, we revealed that miR-127-5p could inhibit the proliferation of human chondrocytes through osteopontin (OPN). In the present study, we used online tools to figure out several candidates lncRNAs which were potentially correlated with miR-127-5p. Through assessing the expression levels of the candidates lncRNAs, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was chosen as a further research subject. MALAT1 knockdown significantly repressed human OA chondrocyte proliferation, as well as the protein levels of OPN, p-PI3K, and p-Akt in OA chondrocytes. As verified by luciferase assays, MALAT1 directly bound to miR-127-5p to inhibit miR-127-5p expression. Then we achieved miR-127-5p inhibition through miR-127-5p inhibitor transfection; the miR-127-5p inhibition could promote chondrocyte proliferation, as well as the protein levels of OPN, p-PI3K, and p-Akt; in addition, the MALAT1 knockdown partially reversed the promotive effect of miR-127-5p inhibition on chondrocyte proliferation, OPN and PI3K/Akt signaling-related protein levels. Taken together, MALAT1 could directly bind to miR-127-5p to inhibit its expression, so as to rescue OPN expression and promote chondrocyte proliferation through PI3K/Akt pathway. Targeting MALAT1 so as to rescue miR-127-5p expression in OA might help to inhibit chondrocyte proliferation through miR-127-5p-mediated OPN regulation and downstream PI3K/Akt pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 431-439, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - An-Min Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Hong-Xing Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Min Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen 448000, China
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10
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Li C, Che LH, Shi L, Yu JL. Suppression of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Expression by Antisense Oligonucleotides Inhibits Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Rat models With Focal Cerebral Infarction. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3875-3882. [PMID: 28390174 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to investigate the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in rat models with focal cerebral infarction (CI). Seventy-five Sprague-Dawlay (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control, sham, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), MCAO + nonsense oligonucleotide (NODN), and MCAO + ASODN groups. Proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were detected by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. ELISA was performed to detect the expressions of endogenous factors that include insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), transforming growth factor-α1 (TGF-α1), bFGF, and nerve growth factor (NGF). Results show significant neurological deficits and focal CI in the MCAO and MCAO + NODN groups. An obvious increase of NSC proliferation, reactive proliferation of astrocytes in CI areas, differentiation of newly proliferated NSCs into mature neuronal cells, and expressions of endogenous growth factors exhibited in the MCAO, MCAO + NODN and MCAO + ASODN groups. Compared to the MCAO and MACO + NODN groups, the MCAO + ASODN group showed a significant decrease NSC proliferation and differentiation in CI areas as well as decrease expressions of endogenous growth factors. These findings may offer insight to help us understand more as to how bFGF ASODN can effectively suppress the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. These findings are expected to help contribute to research for new targets in the treatment of focal CI. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3875-3882, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Li-He Che
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021,, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021,, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021,, P.R. China
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11
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Shin WS, Shim HJ, Lee YH, Pyo M, Park JS, Ahn SY, Lee ST. PTK6 Localized at the Plasma Membrane Promotes Cell Proliferation and MigratiOn Through Phosphorylation of Eps8. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2887-2895. [PMID: 28214294 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6; also known as Brk) is closely related to the Src family kinases, but lacks a membrane-targeting myristoylation signal. Sublocalization of PTK6 at the plasma membrane enhances its oncogenic potential. To understand the mechanism(s) underlying the oncogenic property of plasma---membrane-associated PTK6, proteins phosphorylated by membrane-targeted myristoylated PTK6 (Myr-PTK6) were enriched and analyzed using a proteomics approach. Eps8 which was identified by this method is phosphorylated by Myr-PTK6 in HEK293 cells. Mouse Eps8 expressed in HEK293 cells is phosphorylated by Myr-PTK6 at residues Tyr497, Tyr524, and Tyr534. Compared to wild-type Eps8 (Eps8 WT), the phosphorylation-defective 3YF mutant (Eps8 3YF) reverts the increased proliferation, migration, and phosphorylation of ERK and FAK mediated by Eps8 WT in HEK293 cells overexpressing PTK6. PTK6 knockdown in T-47D breast cancer cells decreased EGF-induced phosphorylation of Eps8. Endogenous PTK6 phosphorylates ectopically expressed Eps8 WT, but not Eps8 3YF mutant, in EGF-stimulated T-47D cells. The EGF-induced Eps8 phosphorylation enhances activation of ERK and FAK, cell adhesion, and anchorage-independent colony formation in T-47D cells, but not in the PTK6-knokdown T-47D cells. These results indicate that plasma-membrane-associated PTK6 phosphorylates Eps8, which promotes cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration and, thus, tumorigenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2887-2895, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sik Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Pyo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sang Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yun Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wei W, Liu Y, Lu Y, Yang B, Tang L. LncRNA XIST Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Proliferation Through miR-133a/EGFR. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3349-3358. [PMID: 28295543 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
According to recent studies, long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is involved in the development and progression of many malignant tumors including pancreatic cancer. We validated the detailed role of XIST in human pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines and PC tissues so as to determine its exact function and the mechanism by which it affected PC proliferation. In our research, lncRNA-XIST was specifically upregulated in PC tissues and cell lines, and high XIST expression in PC was related to poorer prognosis (larger tumor size, perineural invasion, lymph node micrometastases, and shorter overall survival). XIST augmented PC cell proliferation. Recently, the interaction between lncRNA and miRNA has been frequently reported to play major role in several biological processes. In the present study, XIST and miR-133a reciprocally inhibited each other in PC cells. Exogenous miR-133a expression significantly inhibited PC cell proliferation. Moreover, as exhibited by luciferase reporter gene assays, miR-133a bound to XIST and the 3'UTR of EGFR by direct targeting. In PC tissues, miR-133a expression was down-regulated and EGFR expression was up-regulated; miR-133a was inversely correlated with EGFR and XIST, respectively; XIST was positively correlated with EGFR. Taken together, these findings will shed light on the role and mechanism of XIST/miR-133a/EGFR in regulating PC cells proliferation. XIST may serve as a potential therapeutic target in PC in the future. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3349-3358, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yebin Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changde City, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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13
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Wang Y, Fan S, Lu J, Zhang Z, Wu D, Wu Z, Zheng Y. GLUL Promotes Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2018-2025. [PMID: 27791265 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP-dependent reaction. Here, we found higher expression of GLUL in the breast cancer patients was associated with larger tumor size and higher level of HER2 expression. In addition, GLUL was heterogeneously expressed in various breast cancer cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GLUL in SK-BR-3 cells were obviously higher than that in the other types of breast cancer cells. Results showed GLUL knockdown in SK-BR-3 cells could significantly decrease the proliferation ability. Furthermore, GLUL knockdown markedly inhibited the p38 MAPK and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways in SK-BR-3 cells. Thus, GLUL may represent a novel target for selectively inhibiting p38 MAPK and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways and the proliferation potential of breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2018-2025, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated First People's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
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14
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Li N, Du Z, Shen Q, Lei Q, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Hua J. Resveratrol Enhances Self-Renewal of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1928-1935. [PMID: 28230281 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to affect the differentiation of several types of stem cells, while the detailed mechanism is elusive. Here, we aim to investigate the function of RSV in self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the related mechanisms. In contrast with its reported roles, we found unexpectedly that differentiated ESCs or iPSCs treated by RSV would not show further differentiation, but regained a naïve pluripotency state with higher expressions of core transcriptional factors and with the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers when transplanted in vivo. In accordance with these findings, RSV also enhanced cell cycle progression of ESCs via regulating cell cycle-related proteins. Finally, enhanced activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and suppressed activation of mTOR were found essential in enhancing the self-renewal of ESCs by RSV. Our finding discovered a novel function of RSV in enhancing the self-renewal of ESCs, and suggested that the timing of treatment and concentration of RSV determined the final effect of it. Our work may contribute to understanding of RSV in the self-renewal maintenance of pluripotent stem cells, and may also provide help to the generation and maintenance of iPSCs in vitro. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1928-1935, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaoyu Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qijing Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Center of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Yeo MK, Kim HE, Kim SH, Chae BJ, Song BJ, Lee A. Clinical usefulness of the free web-based image analysis application ImmunoRatio for assessment of Ki-67 labelling index in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:715-719. [PMID: 28298390 PMCID: PMC5537563 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims Ki-67 is a prognostic marker in breast cancer; however, the use of the Ki-67 labelling index (LI) in clinical practice requires a consistent and easily accessible scoring method. The present study evaluated the use of the free internet-based image analysis program ImmunoRatio to score Ki-67 LI in breast cancer in comparison with manual counting. Methods Ki-67 immunohistochemical detection was performed in 577 breast cancer cases, and the Ki-67 LI was determined by ImmunoRatio and manual counting. Results The Ki-67 LI determined by ImmunoRatio correlated well with that obtained by manual counting. The concordance rate between ImmunoRatio and manual counting was excellent (κ coefficient of 0.881) at a Ki-67 LI cut-off value of 20%. Cases with high Ki-67 LI by ImmunoRatio were associated with poor overall survival, in particular in the hormone receptor positive group. Conclusions The web-based automated image analysis program ImmunoRatio is an attractive alternative to manual counting to determine the Ki-67 LI in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic university of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Eun Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic university of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Kim
- Department of Radiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Chae
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Song
- Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic university of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Cao C, Li J, Li J, Liu L, Cheng X, Jia R. Long Non-Coding RNA Uc.187 Is Upregulated in Preeclampsia and Modulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Invasion of HTR-8/SVneo Trophoblast Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1462-1470. [PMID: 27883216 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Among the preeclampsia-related long non-cording RNAs (lncRNAs) screened with a gene chip in our preliminary study, uc.187 attracted our attention because of its high conservation across different species and significant positive correlation with preeclampsia (PE). The literature and bioinformatics analysis suggested that lncRNA uc.187 might be associated with cell growth, invasion, and apoptosis. The expression of uc.187 in severe preeclamptic placentas (n = 31) and normal placentas (n = 18) was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We constructed a silencing lentivirus vector (uc.187 siRNA) to explore the biological function of uc.187 in the development and progression of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells in vitro. Furthermore, we utilized CCK8 analysis, a transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry to determine the role of uc.187 in the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells. The proteins related to proliferation (PCNA, Ki67), invasion (MMP-2/-9 and TIMP-1), and apoptosis (caspase-3, Bcl-2) were evaluated with a Western blot assay. The results showed that there was an obvious upregulation of uc.187 expression in preeclamptic placental tissues. In addition, uc.187 silencing enhanced cell proliferation and invasion and reduced the cellular apoptotic response. Taken together, our findings suggest for the first time that abnormal expression of lncRNA uc.187 may lead to the aberrant biological behavior of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Therefore, we propose uc.187 as a novel lncRNA molecule that might contribute to the development of PE and might represent a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for this disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1462-1470, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, China
| | - Ruizhe Jia
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
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17
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Hernandez S, Dominko T. Novel Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 8 Isoform Is Essential for Cell Proliferation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2056-66. [PMID: 26851891 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Identification of molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular replicative lifespan is needed to better understand the transition between a normal and a neoplastic cell phenotype. We have previously reported that low oxygen-mediated activity of FGF2 leads to an increase in cellular lifespan and acquisition of regeneration competence in human dermal fibroblasts (iRC cells). Though cells display a more plastic developmental phenotype, they remain non-tumorigenic when injected into SCID mice (Page et al. [2009] Cloning Stem Cells 11:417-426; Page et al. [2011] Eng Part A 17:2629-2640) allowing for investigation of mechanisms that regulate increased cellular lifespan in a non-tumorigenic system. Analysis of chromatin modification enzymes by qRT-PCR revealed a 13.3-fold upregulation of the arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 in iRC cells. Increased protein expression was confirmed in both iRC and human embryonic stem cells-the first demonstration of endogenous human PRMT8 expression outside the brain. Furthermore, iRC cells express a novel PRMT8 mRNA variant. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown we demonstrated that this novel variant was required for proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) and grade IV glioblastomas. PRMT8 upregulation in a non-tumorigenic system may offer a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for cells in pre-cancerous and cancerous states. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2056-2066, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hernandez
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA.,Bioengineering Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA.,Center for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Nova Gorica, Vipava, Slovenia
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18
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Roostaee A, Guezguez A, Beauséjour M, Simoneau A, Vachon PH, Levy E, Beaulieu JF. Histone deacetylase inhibition impairs normal intestinal cell proliferation and promotes specific gene expression. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2695-708. [PMID: 26129821 PMCID: PMC5014201 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that maintain proliferation and delay cell differentiation in the intestinal crypt are not yet fully understood. We have previously shown the implication of histone methylation in the regulation of enterocytic differentiation. In this study, we investigated the role of histone deacetylation as an important epigenetic mechanism that controls proliferation and differentiation of intestinal cells using the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) on the proliferation and differentiation of human and mouse intestinal cells. Treatment of newly confluent Caco‐2/15 cells with SAHA resulted in growth arrest, increased histone acetylation and up‐regulation of the expression of intestine‐specific genes such as those encoding sucrase‐isomaltase, villin and the ion exchanger SLC26A3. Although SAHA has been recently used in clinical trials for cancer treatment, its effect on normal intestinal cells has not been documented. Analyses of small and large intestines of mice treated with SAHA revealed a repression of crypt cell proliferation and a higher expression of sucrase‐isomaltase in both segments compared to control mice. Expression of SLC26A3 was also significantly up‐regulated in the colons of mice after SAHA administration. Finally, SAHA was also found to strongly inhibit normal human intestinal crypt cell proliferation in vitro. These results demonstrate the important implication of epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation/deacetylation in the regulation of normal intestinal cell fate and proliferation. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2695–2708, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Roostaee
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Amel Guezguez
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Marco Beauséjour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Aline Simoneau
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Pierre H Vachon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Emile Levy
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, and Research Center, Sainte-Justine UHC, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
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19
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Ge S, Xie J, Liu F, He J, He J. MicroRNA-19b reduces hepatic stellate cell proliferation by targeting GRB2 in hepatic fibrosis models in vivo and in vitro as part of the inhibitory effect of estradiol. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2455-64. [PMID: 25650006 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is a major determinant of gender-based differences in the development of hepatic fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 19-25 nucleotide, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression by blocking the translation or decreasing the stability of mRNAs and play an important role in liver fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of miRNAs by E2 remain largely unknown. In this study, miR-19b levels were higher and were associated with lower GRB2 mRNA and protein levels in female rats more than in male rats. We also showed that miR-19b levels were down-regulated, were associated with the up-regulation of GRB2 mRNA and protein levels in PS (porcine serum-induced hepatic fibrosis) versus NS (normal control) groups and were up-regulated when associated with the down-regulation of GRB2 mRNA and protein levels in PS + E2 versus PS and in aHSC + E2 (estradiol treated aHSC) versus aHSC groups. MiR-19b expression inhibited cell proliferation in aHSCs, and also down-regulated GRB2 protein expression. The overexpression of miR-19b inhibited cell growth and suppressed COL1A1 protein levels by decreasing the levels of GRB2. However, the forced expression of GRB2 partly rescued the effect of miR-19b in the cells, attenuated cell proliferation, and suppressed the GRB2 protein level by up-regulating the levels of GRB2. Taken together, these findings will shed light on the role of miR-19b in regulating aHSC proliferation via the miR-19b/GRB2 axis. This newly identified miR-19b/GRB2 interaction provided novel insights into the suppressive effect of E2 on HSC proliferation and might facilitate the development of therapies targeting hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfei Ge
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinni He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Thomas C, Robinson C, Dessauvagie B, Wood B, Sterrett G, Harvey J, Amanuel B. Expression of proliferation genes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from breast carcinomas. Feasibility and relevance for a routine histopathology laboratory. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:25-32. [PMID: 27235535 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Breast carcinoma proliferative activity, histological grade and commercial molecular tests are all important in prognostication and treatment. There is a particular need for improved, standardised techniques for subclassification of grade 2 breast cancers into low-risk and high-risk prognostic groups. In this study we investigated whether gene expression profiling of five proliferation genes was feasible using breast cancer tissue in a clinical setting and whether these profiles could enhance pathological assessment. METHODS Expression of five proliferation gene mRNAs; Ki-67, STK 15, CCNB1, CCND1 and MYBL2, was quantified in 27 breast carcinomas and compared with Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) and Nottingham mitotic score. RESULTS Expression of Ki-67, STK15 and MYBL2 mRNA showed moderate Spearman's correlation with Ki-67 PI (p<0.01), but CCND1 and CCNB1 showed weak, non-significant correlation. Individual gene expression did not associate with mitotic score but combined mRNA expression correlated with both Ki-67 PI (p=0.018) and mitotic score (p=0.03; 0.007). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms mRNA analysis in breast carcinoma formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples is feasible and suggests gene expression profiling, using a small set of five proliferation genes, has potential in aiding histological grading or assessment of proliferative activity of breast cancers. To fully evaluate the clinical applicability of this approach, a larger cohort study with long-term follow-up data is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Thomas
- Molecular Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cleo Robinson
- Molecular Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ben Dessauvagie
- Molecular Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin Wood
- Molecular Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Greg Sterrett
- Molecular Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennet Harvey
- Molecular Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benhur Amanuel
- Molecular Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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21
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Quan M, Liu S, Wang Q, Li G, Zhang Y, Feng S, Liang J, Cheng J. NS5ATP9 Promotes Beclin 1-Dependent Starvation-Induced Autophagy of Hepatoblastoma Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1574-82. [PMID: 25649430 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NS5ATP9, a gene up-regulated by NS5A, plays a crucial oncogenic role in several types of human tumours. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process, maintains cellular homeostasis under stress conditions, such as starvation, and plays a crucial role in tumour initiation and progression. Here, we report that NS5ATP9 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated in starved HepG2 cells and that the up-regulated NS5ATP9 played a functional role in starvation-induced autophagy. Overexpression or silencing of this gene showed contrasting effects on Beclin 1 and on starvation-induced autophagy. Furthermore, NS5ATP9-mediated autophagy is required for promotion of tumour cell growth, and this effect could be inhibited with 3-methyladenine, chloroquine or by Beclin 1-silencing. Thus, the mechanism for NS5ATP9-promoted autophagy is Beclin 1-dependent in the condition of starvation, and for hepatoblastoma cell growth is also Beclin 1-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Quan
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Shunai Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shenghu Feng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jinqiu Liang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
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22
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Yan S, Han X, Xue H, Zhang P, Guo X, Li T, Guo X, Yuan G, Deng L, Li G. Let-7f Inhibits Glioma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Targeting Periostin. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1680-92. [PMID: 25735962 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most aggressive and malignant tumor types. Despite advances in surgery, imaging, chemotherapy, and radiation, glioma patient prognosis remains poor. Glioma pathogenesis is an urgent problem that must be solved. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA deregulation commonly occurs in human tumorigenesis. In the present study, the expression levels of Let-7f were down-regulated in both glioma tissues and glioma cells. The enhanced expression of Let-7f suppressed glioma cells proliferation, migration, and invasion via direct targeting perisotin oncogenic activity. Experiments with periostin siRNA or over-expression further suggest that Let-7f may serve as tumor suppressors through perisotin signal. These findings provide insights regarding the role and mechanism of Let-7f in regulating biological behavior of glioma cells via the Let-7f/periostin axis, and Let-7f may serve as a potential therapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R., China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R., China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R., China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R., China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R., China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R., China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R., China
| | - Guang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zibo Zhong Xin Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, P.R., China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R., China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R., China
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23
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Lee J, Lim S, Song BW, Cha MJ, Ham O, Lee SY, Lee C, Park JH, Bae Y, Seo HH, Seung M, Choi E, Hwang KC. MicroRNA-29b inhibits migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in neointimal formation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:598-608. [PMID: 25389122 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are considered to be key steps in the progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Certain stimuli, such as, interleukin-3 (IL-3) are known to stimulate proliferation and migration in vascular diseases. Meanwhile, microRNAs (miRs) have been revealed as critical modulators of various diseases in which miR-29b is known to regulate cell growth by targeting Mcl-1 and MMP2. However, roles of miR-29b in vascular smooth muscle cells remain almost unknown. We hypothesized that miR-29b may control the proliferation and migration processes induced by IL-3 stimulation by inhibiting its own specific targets in SMCs. MiR-29b significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of SMCs through the inhibition of the signaling pathway related to Mcl-1 and MMP2. We also found that miR-29b expression levels significantly declined in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries and that the overexpression of miR-29b by local oligonucleotide delivery can inhibit neointimal formation. Consistent with the critical role of miR-29b in vitro, we observed down-regulated expression levels of Mcl-1 and MMP2 from the neointimal region. These results indicate that miR-29b suppressed the proliferation and migration of SMCs, possibly through the inhibition of Mcl-1 and MMP2, and suggest that miR-29b may serve as a useful therapeutic tool to treat cardiovascular diseases such as, atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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24
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Lim S, Lee SY, Seo HH, Ham O, Lee C, Park JH, Lee J, Seung M, Yun I, Han SM, Lee S, Choi E, Hwang KC. Regulation of mitochondrial morphology by positive feedback interaction between PKCδ and Drp1 in vascular smooth muscle cell. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:648-60. [PMID: 25399916 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) plays a critical role in mitochondrial fission which allows cell proliferation and Mdivi-1, a specific small molecule Drp1 inhibitor, is revealed to attenuate proliferation. However, few molecular mechanisms-related to Drp1 under stimulus for restenosis or atherosclerosis have been investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). Therefore, we hypothesized that Drp1 inhibition can prevent vascular restenosis and investigated its regulatory mechanism. Angiotensin II (Ang II) or hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced proliferation and migration in SMCs were attenuated by down-regulation of Drp1 Ser 616 phosphorylation, which was demonstrated by in vitro assays for migration and proliferation. Excessive amounts of ROS production and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were prevented by Drp1 inhibition under Ang II and H2 O2 . Under the Ang II stimulation, activated Drp1 interacted with PKCδ and then activated MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling cascade and MMP2, but not MMP9. Furthermore, in ex vivo aortic ring assay, inhibition of the Drp1 had significant anti-proliferative and -migration effects for vSMCs. A formation of vascular neointima in response to a rat carotid artery balloon injury was prevented by Drp1 inhibition, which shows a beneficial effect of Drp1 regulation in the pathologic vascular condition. Drp1-mediated SMC proliferation and migration can be prevented by mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi-1) in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, and these results suggest the possibility that Drp1 can be a new therapeutic target for restenosis or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lim
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral & Cardiovascular Disease, Yonsei University Health System, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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25
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Arima N, Nishimura R, Osako T, Nishiyama Y, Fujisue M, Okumura Y, Nakano M, Tashima R, Toyozumi Y. The importance of tissue handling of surgically removed breast cancer for an accurate assessment of the Ki-67 index. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:255-9. [PMID: 26420767 PMCID: PMC4789709 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Insufficient attention for the Ki-67 immunohistochemistry has been given to the importance of tissue handling for surgical breast cancer specimens. We sought to investigate the effect of fixation status on the Ki-67. METHODS We examined the effect of fixative, time to and duration of fixation using surgical specimens, and finally, compared the paired Ki-67 index in the tumour between core needle and surgical specimen. RESULTS The Ki-67 was significantly higher when 10% neutral buffered formalin was used (p=0.0276). Insufficient fixation caused a drastic reduction in the Ki-67 index (p=0.0177), but not significant in oestrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Sixteen hours delayed time to fixation also caused a reduction of the Ki-67 (p=0.0284), but not significant in ER. Prolonged fixation significantly led to a gradual reduction in the Ki-67 in a time-dependent manner, but not in both ER and HER2. Finally, cutting the tumour before fixation improved fixation status and consequently caused an increased level of the Ki-67 index (p=0.0181), which resulted in a strong correlation of the Ki-67 between core needle and surgical specimen (r=0.8595). CONCLUSIONS Tissue handling of surgical specimen is critical for assessing the Ki-67 compared with ER and HER2. We should pay more attention to tissue fixation status for the standard assessment of the Ki-67 index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Arima
- Department of Pathology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Reiki Nishimura
- Department of Breast Oncology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Osako
- Department of Breast Oncology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Breast Oncology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mamiko Fujisue
- Department of Breast Oncology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okumura
- Department of Breast & Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Department of Breast & Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Rumiko Tashima
- Department of Surgery, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Toyozumi
- Department of Pathology, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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26
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Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a family of structurally related proteins that comprises of TGF-β, activins/inhibins, and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs). Members of the TGF-β family control numerous cellular functions including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and migration. The first identified member, TGF-β is implicated in several human diseases, such as vascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and carcinogenesis. Activation of the TGF-β receptor by its ligands induces the phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues and triggers phosphorylation of the intracellular effectors, SMADs. Upon activation, SMAD proteins translocate to the nucleus and induce transcription of their target genes, regulating several cellular functions. TGF-β dysregulation has been implicated in carcinogenesis. In early stages of cancer, TGF-β exhibits tumor suppressive effects by inhibiting cell cycle progression and promoting apoptosis. However, in late stages TGF-β exerts tumor promoting effects, increasing tumor invasiveness, and metastasis. Furthermore, the TGF-β signaling pathway communicates with other signaling pathways in a synergistic or antagonistic manner and regulates cellular functions. Elevated TGF-β activity has been associated with poor clinical outcome. Given the pivotal role of TGF-β in tumor progression, this pathway is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Several therapeutic tools such as TGF-β antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, and small molecules inhibitors of TGF-β receptor-1 (TGF-βR1) have shown immense potential to inhibit TGF-β signaling. Finally, in the interest of developing future therapies, further studies are warranted to identify novel points of convergence of TGF-β with other signaling pathways and oncogenic factors in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viqar Syed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, 20814, Maryland.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, 20814, Maryland.,John P. Murtha Cancer Center at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, 20889, Maryland
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27
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Su J, Yu W, Gong M, You J, Liu J, Zheng J. Overexpression of a Novel Tumor Metastasis Suppressor Gene TMSG1/LASS2 Induces Apoptosis via a Caspase-dependent Mitochondrial Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1310-7. [PMID: 25735224 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor metastasis suppressor gene 1 (TMSG1), also designated homo sapiens longevity assurance homologue 2 of yeast LAG1 (LASS2), is a novel tumor metastatic suppressor gene. Although its effects on metastasis have been reported, its biological functions remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TMSG1/LASS2 protein on apoptosis and proliferation in human embryonic kidney cell lines HEK293 and 293 T and explore the potential mechanisms. Cell growth, morphology, expressions of apoptotic-related proteins and cell cycle distribution were evaluated in HEK293 and 293 T cells transfected with TMSG1/LASS2 expression plasmids or vector controls. MTT assays showed that overexpression of TMSG1/LASS2 inhibited cell proliferation; and morphological observations and flow cytometric assays with Annexin V/propidium iodide showed TMSG1/LASS2 overexpression increased apoptosis in these cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that overexpression of TMSG1/LASS2 resulted in the downregulation of Bcl-2, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of procaspase-9 and procaspase-3, and the cleavage of PARP. Subsequent cell cycle analysis showed that TMSG1/LASS2 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation by mediating the induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Together, these results confirmed that TMSG1/LASS2 is a potential metastasis suppressor gene, and suggested that the mechanism involved the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation via a caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Miaozi Gong
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Jiangfeng You
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
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28
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Lampert FM, Simunovic F, Finkenzeller G, Pfeifer D, Stark GB, Winninger O, Steiner D. Transcriptomic Changes in Osteoblasts Following Endothelial Cell-Cocultivation Suggest a Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cellular Interaction. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1869-79. [PMID: 26754918 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is important for bone development, fracture healing and engineering of artificial bone tissue. In the context of bone tissue engineering, it was shown that coimplantation of human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human osteoblasts (hOBs) results in the formation of functional blood vessels and enhanced bone regeneration. Implanted endothelial cells do not only contribute to blood vessel formation, but also support proliferation, cell survival and osteogenic differentiation of coimplanted hOBs. These effects are partially mediated by direct heterotypic cell contacts. In a previous report we could show that cocultivated hOBs strongly increase the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in HUVECs, suggesting that ECM may be involved in the intercellular communication between hOBs and HUVECs. The present study aimed at investigating whether comparable changes occur in hOBs. We therefore performed a microarray analysis of hOBs cultivated in direct contact with HUVECs, revealing 1,004 differentially expressed genes. The differentially expressed genes could be assigned to the functional clusters ECM, proliferation, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation. The microarray data could be confirmed by performing quantitative real time RT-PCR on selected genes. Furthermore, we could show that the ECM produced by HUVECs increased the expression of the osteogenic differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hOBs. In summary, our data demonstrate that HUVECs provoke complex changes in gene expression patterns in cocultivated hOBs and that ECM plays and important role in this interaction. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1869-1879, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Lampert
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filip Simunovic
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Björn Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oscar Winninger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Steiner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Peek GW, Tollefsbol TO. Combinatorial PX-866 and Raloxifene Decrease Rb Phosphorylation, Cyclin E2 Transcription, and Proliferation of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1688-96. [PMID: 26660119 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As a potential means to reduce proliferation of breast cancer cells, a multiple-pathway approach with no effect on control cells was explored. The human interactome being constructed by the Center for Cancer Systems Biology will prove indispensable to understanding composite effects of multiple pathways, but its discovered protein-protein interactions require characterization. Accordingly, we explored the effects of regulators of one protein on downstream targets of the other protein. MCF-7 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells were treated with raloxifene to upregulate the TGF-β pathway and PX-866 to down-regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway. This resulted in highly significant downstream reduction of cell cycle proliferation in breast cancer cells with no significant proliferation reduction following similar treatment of noncancerous MCF10A breast epithelial cells. Reduced phosphorylation of p107 and substantial reduction of Rb phosphorylation were observed in response. The effects of reduced Rb and p107 phosphorylation were reflected in significant decline in E2F-1 transcriptional activity, which is dependent on pocket protein phosphorylation status. The reduced proliferation was related to decreased expression of cyclins, including E2F-1-regulated Cyclin E2, which was also in response to raloxifene and PX-866. All combinations of raloxifene and PX-866 produced significant or highly significant results for reduced MCF-7 cell proliferation, reduced Cyclin E2 transcription, and reduced Rb phosphorylation. These studies demonstrated that uncontrolled proliferation of ER+ breast cancer cells can be significantly reduced by combinational targeting of two relevant pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1688-1696, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Peek
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
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30
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Xue Y, Yan Y, Gong H, Fang B, Zhou Y, Ding Z, Yin P, Zhang G, Ye Y, Yang C, Ge J, Zou Y. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 enhances cardiomyocytes induction in murine-induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1495-504. [PMID: 24610529 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) has been reported to play critical role in cardiomyocytes differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). But whether it promotes cardiomyocytes induction of iPSCs is unclear. In the present study, we aim to explore the role of IGFBP4 in the cardiogenesis of mouse iPSCs. We observed that IGFBP4 treatment at late stage during differentiation process of mouse iPSCs greatly enhanced the beating frequency of embryoid bodies (EBs). The expressions of Nkx2.5 (cardiac-specific transcription factor), α-MHC, α-actinin, and Troponin I (cardiac-specific protein) were significantly enhanced by IGFBP4 treatment. Immunostaining analysis showed that α-MHC, TNNT2 and connexin 43, typical cardiac markers, were obviously expressed in isolated cardiomyocytes from iPSCs with or without IGFBP4 treatment. Further study revealed that IGFBP4 had little effect on the apoptosis of EBs, but it significantly promoted the proliferation of cardiomyocytes from iPSCs characterized by higher ratio EdU positive cells in differentiated cardiomyocytes. We next observed that IGFBP4 inhibited β-catenin expression in cytosol of EBs at late stage during differentiation of iPSCs. Knockdown of β-catenin using a siRNA technique promoted the proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes and enhanced cardiomyocytes induction of iPSCs, suggesting that the effect of IGFBP4 on cardiomyocytes differentiation of iPSCs has relationship with β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, IGFBP4 promotes cardiogenesis of iPSCs by enhancing the proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes through inhibiting β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Bomo J, Ezan F, Tiaho F, Bellamri M, Langouët S, Theret N, Baffet G. Increasing 3D Matrix Rigidity Strengthens Proliferation and Spheroid Development of Human Liver Cells in a Constant Growth Factor Environment. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:708-20. [PMID: 26331987 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces influence the growth and shape of virtually all tissues and organs. Recent studies show that increased cell contractibility, growth and differentiation might be normalized by modulating cell tensions. Particularly, the role of these tensions applied by the extracellular matrix during liver fibrosis could influence the hepatocarcinogenesis process. The objective of this study is to determine if 3D stiffness could influence growth and phenotype of normal and transformed hepatocytes and to integrate extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness to tensional homeostasis. We have developed an appropriate 3D culture model: hepatic cells within three-dimensional collagen matrices with varying rigidity. Our results demonstrate that the rigidity influenced the cell phenotype and induced spheroid clusters development whereas in soft matrices, Huh7 transformed cells were less proliferative, well-spread and flattened. We confirmed that ERK1 played a predominant role over ERK2 in cisplatin-induced death, whereas ERK2 mainly controlled proliferation. As compared to 2D culture, 3D cultures are associated with epithelial markers expression. Interestingly, proliferation of normal hepatocytes was also induced in rigid gels. Furthermore, biotransformation activities are increased in 3D gels, where CYP1A2 enzyme can be highly induced/activated in primary culture of human hepatocytes embedded in the matrix. In conclusion, we demonstrated that increasing 3D rigidity could promote proliferation and spheroid developments of liver cells demonstrating that 3D collagen gels are an attractive tool for studying rigidity-dependent homeostasis of the liver cells embedded in the matrix and should be privileged for both chronic toxicological and pharmacological drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Bomo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Ezan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - François Tiaho
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Theret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Georges Baffet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1085 Institut de Recherche sur la Santé l'Environnement et le Travail (IRSET); University of Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, F-35043, Rennes, France
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Chen X, Hao B, Han G, Liu Y, Dai D, Li Y, Wu X, Zhou X, Yue Z, Wang L, Cao Y, Liu J. miR-372 regulates glioma cell proliferation and invasion by directly targeting PHLPP2. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:225-32. [PMID: 25160587 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are known to be involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in glioma. Recently, microRNA-372 (miR-372) has been proved to play a substantial role in several human cancers, but its functions in glioma remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that miR-372 was commonly upregulated in glioma cell lines and tissues. Downregulation of miR-372 markedly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and induced G1/S arrest and apoptosis. Consistently, the xenograft mouse model also unveiled the suppressive effects of miR-372 knockdown on tumor growth. Further studies revealed that miR-372 modulated the expression of PHLPP2 by directly targeting its 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) and that miR-372 expression was inversely correlated with PHLPP2 expression in glioma samples. Silencing of PHLPP2 could rescue the inhibitory effect of miR-372 inhibitor. Moreover, miR-372 knockdown suppressed the phosphorylation levels of the major components of PI3K/Akt pathway including Akt, mTOR, and P70S6K. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-372 functions as an oncogenic miRNA through targeting PHLPP2 in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Malherbe JAJ, Fuller KA, Arshad A, Nangalia J, Romeo G, Hall SL, Meehan KS, Guo B, Howman R, Erber WN. Megakaryocytic hyperplasia in myeloproliferative neoplasms is driven by disordered proliferative, apoptotic and epigenetic mechanisms. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:155-63. [PMID: 26290261 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a heterogeneous group of clonal proliferative bone marrow diseases characterised by extensive megakaryocytic hyperplasia and morphological atypia. Despite knowledge of genomic defects, the pathobiological processes driving these megakaryocytic abnormalities in MPN remain poorly explained. We have explored the proliferative, apoptotic and epigenetic profiles of megakaryocytes in human MPN. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed on bone marrow trephine biopsies of 81 MPN (with and without JAK2(V617F) and CALR mutations) and 15 normal controls to assess the megakaryocytic expression of biomarkers associated with proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (Bcl-XL, BNIP-3) and epigenetic regulation (EZH2, SUZ12). RESULTS Myeloproliferative megakaryocytes showed significantly greater expression of proliferative Ki67 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL, reduced pro-apoptotic BNIP-3 and increased SUZ12 compared with controls. In essential thrombocythaemia, large-giant megakaryocytes with hyperlobated nuclei showed a trend towards a proliferative signature. In contrast, myelofibrotic megakaryocytes with condensed nuclear chromatin, and cases with CALR mutations, had significant reductions in pro-apoptotic BNIP-3. CONCLUSIONS Uncontrolled megakaryocytic expansion in MPN results from a combination of increased proliferation, attenuated apoptosis and defective epigenetic regulation with CALR mutations favouring apoptotic failure. The higher platelet counts reported to be seen in MPN with CALR mutations may be due to greater dysregulation of megakaryocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques A J Malherbe
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Fuller
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ayesha Arshad
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giuliana Romeo
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sara L Hall
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katie S Meehan
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Belinda Guo
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Howman
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia
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Martín MJ, Calvo N, de Boland AR, Gentili C. Molecular mechanisms associated with PTHrP-induced proliferation of colon cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:2133-45. [PMID: 25053227 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein (PTHrP) is normally produced in many tissues and is recognized for its endocrine, paracrine, autocrine and intracrine modes of action. PTHrP is also implicated in different types of cancer and its expression correlates with the severity of colon carcinoma. Using the human colon cell line Caco-2 we recently obtained evidence that PTHrP, through a paracrine pathway, exerts a protective effect under apoptotic conditions. However, if exogenous PTHrP is able or not to induce the proliferation of these intestinal tumor cells is not known. We found that PTHrP treatment increases the number of live Caco-2 cells. The hormone induces the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of ERK 1/2, α p38 MAPK, and Akt, without affecting JNK phosphorylation. In addition, PTHrP-dependent ERK phosphorylation is reverted when PI3K activity was inhibited. Following MAPKs nuclear translocation, the transcription factors ATF-1 and CREB were activated in a biphasic manner. In addition PTHrP induces the translocation into the nucleus of β-catenin, protein that plays key role in maintaining the growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer, and increases the amount of both positive cell cycle regulators c-Myc and Cyclin D. Studies with ERK1/2, α p38 MAPK, and PI3K specific inhibitors showed that PTHrP regulates Caco-2 cell proliferation via these signaling pathways. In conclusion, the results obtained in this work expand our knowledge on the role of exogenous PTHrP in intestinal tumor cells and identify the signaling pathways that are involved in the mitogenic effect of the hormone on Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Martín
- Departamento Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Kim MH, Ham O, Lee SY, Choi E, Lee CY, Park JH, Lee J, Seo HH, Seung M, Choi E, Min PK, Hwang KC. MicroRNA-365 inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting cyclin D1. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1752-61. [PMID: 24819721 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a common feature of disease progression in atherosclerosis. Cell proliferation is regulated by cell cycle regulatory proteins. MicroRNAs (miR) have been reported to act as important gene regulators and play essential roles in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in a cardiovascular disease. However, the roles and mechanisms of miRs in VSMCs and neointimal formation are far from being fully understood. In this study, cell cycle-specific cyclin D1 was found to be a potential target of miR-365 by direct binding. Through an in vitro experiment, we showed that exogenous miR-365 overexpression reduced VSMC proliferation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, while miR-365 was observed to block G1/S transition in platelet-derived growth factor-bb (PDGF-bb)-induced VSMCs. In addition, the proliferation of VSMCs by various stimuli, including PDGF-bb, angiotensin II (Ang II), and serum, led to the downregulation of miR-365 expression levels. The expression of miR-365 was confirmed in balloon-injured carotid arteries. Taken together, our results suggest an anti-proliferative role for miR-365 in VSMC proliferation, at least partly via modulating the expression of cyclin D1. Therefore, miR-365 may influence neointimal formation in atherosclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hyun Kim
- Cardiology Division, Heart Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Cunha EP, Pompei LM, Theodoro TR, Steiner ML, Silva VF, Silveira ERA, Mader AMAA, Pinhal MAS, Fernandes CE. Is expression of rat breast matrix components influenced by estrogen, progestins and tibolone? Climacteric 2015; 18:523-7. [PMID: 25603456 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1007122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of estrogen therapy, alone or combined with progestogens, and of tibolone on the expression of heparanase (HSPE), extracellular matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9), perlecan and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in normal breast tissue. METHODS Thirty 250-day-old Wistar rats were castrated and 3 weeks later received one of the following treatments by gavage for 5 weeks: (1) estradiol benzoate; (2) estradiol benzoate + medroxyprogesterone acetate; (3) estradiol benzoate + norethisterone acetate; (4) estradiol benzoate + dydrogesterone; (5) tibolone; (6) placebo. Following treatment, the expressions of mRNA for HSPE, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed by real-time PCR and the protein expressions of HSPE, MMP-2, MMP-9, perlecan and PCNA were quantified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference among the groups for the expression of HSPE mRNA due to high levels in the tibolone group. The groups differed in terms of PCNA, with lower levels found in the tibolone group followed by the estradiol benzoate + dydrogesterone group. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed for PCNA versus perlecan and MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the effects of combinations of estradiol and different progestogens on extracellular matrix components, and breast cell proliferation was associated with increases in perlecan and MMP-9.
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Yang X, Cheng L, Li M, Shi H, Ren H, Ding Z, Liu F, Wang Y, Cheng C. High expression of SGTA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma correlates with proliferation and poor prognosis. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:141-50. [PMID: 23939810 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) expression and the growth factor such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and their receptors have been considered relevant in the process of angiogenesis and dissemination in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha (SGTA) downstream of RTK signaling was a critical regulator of PDGF receptors (PDGFR) stability. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of SGTA and to elucidate its clinicopathologic significance in ESCC. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed for SGTA in ESCC samples. SGTA was up-regulated in ESCC as compared with the adjacent normal tissue. High expression of SGTA was associated with tumor grade (P < 0.01), and SGTA was positively correlated with proliferation marker Ki-67 (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that SGTA expression did has a remarkable prediction for poor prognosis (P = 0.016). Knockdown or overexpression of SGTA affected ESCC cells proliferation and cell cycle. Additionally, after ESCC cells silenced for SGTA were treated with cisplatin (an anti-ESCC agent), the cell growth was down-regulated. These findings suggested that SGTA was involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC and might indicate a poor prognosis for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
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Yao L, Cao J, Sun H, Guo A, Li A, Ben Z, Zhang H, Wang X, Ding Z, Yang X, Huang X, Ji Y, Zhou Z. FBP1 and p27kip1 expression after sciatic nerve injury: implications for Schwann cells proliferation and differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:130-40. [PMID: 23939805 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Far Upstream Element (FUSE) Binding Protein 1 (FBP1), first identified as a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein that binds to the FUSE, could modulate c-myc mRNA levels and also has been shown to regulate tumor cell proliferation and replication of virus. Typically, FBP1 could active the translation of p27kip1 (p27) and participate in tumor growth. However, the expression and roles of FBP1 in peripheral system lesions and repair are still unknown. In our study, we found that FBP1 protein levels was relatively higher in the normal sciatic nerves, significantly decreased and reached a minimal level at Day 3, and then returned to the normal level at 4 weeks. Spatially, we observed that FBP1 had a major colocation in Schwann cells and FBP1 was connected with Ki-67 and Oct-6. In vitro, we detected the decreased level of FBP1 and p27 in the TNF-α-induced Schwann cells proliferation model, while increased expression in cAMP-induced Schwann cells differentiation system. Specially, FBP1-specific siRNA-transfected SCs did not show fine and longer morphological change after cAMP treatment and had a decreased motility compared with normal. At 3 days after cAMP treatment and SC/neuron co-cultures, p27 was transported to cytoplasm to form CDK4/6-p27 to participate in SCs differentiation. In conclusion, we speculated that FBP1 and p27 were involved in SCs proliferation and the following differentiation in the sciatic nerve after crush by transporting p27 from nucleus to cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China; Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
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Jiping Z, Ming F, Lixiang W, Xiuming L, Yuqun S, Han Y, Zhifang L, Yundong S, Shili L, Chunyan C, Jihui J. MicroRNA-212 inhibits proliferation of gastric cancer by directly repressing retinoblastoma binding protein 2. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:2666-72. [PMID: 23794145 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2), a newly found histone demethylase, is overexpressed in gastric cancer. We examined the upstream regulatory mechanism of RBP2 at the microRNA (miRNA) level and the role in gastric carcinogenesis. We used bioinformatics to predict that microRNA-212 (miR-212) might be a direct upstream regulator of RBP2 and verified the regulation in gastric epithelial-derived cell lines. Overexpression of miR-212 significantly inhibited the expression levels of RBP2, whereas knockdown of miR-212 promoted RBP2 expression. Furthermore, we identified the putative miR-212 targeting sequence in the RBP2 3' UTR by luciferase assay. MiR-212 inhibited the colony formation ability of cells by repressing RBP2 expression and increasing that of P21(CIP1) and P27(kip1), both critical in cell cycle arrest. In addition, the expression of RBP2 and miR-212 in tumor tissue and matched normal tissue from 18 patients further supported the results in vivo. MiR-212 directly regulates the expression of RBP2 and inhibits cell growth in gastric cancer, which may provide new clues to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Jiping
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China; Department of Biochemistry, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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Chen S, Zhao H, Deng J, Liao P, Xu Z, Cheng Y. Comparative proteomics of glioma stem cells and differentiated tumor cells identifies S100A9 as a potential therapeutic target. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:2795-808. [PMID: 23836528 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested the existence of a small subset of cancer cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which possess the ability to initiate malignancies, promote tumor formation, drive metastasis, and evade conventional chemotherapies. Elucidation of the specific signaling pathway and mechanism underlying the action of CSCs might improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. In this study, we analyzed differentially expressed proteins between glioma stem cells and differentiated tumor cells isolated from the human glioma cell line, U251, via iTRAQ-tagging combined with two dimensional liquid chromatography tandem MS analysis to identify proteins correlated with specific features of CSCs. Out of a total data set of 559 identified proteins, 29 proteins were up-regulated in the glioma stem cells when compared with the differentiated cells. Interestingly, The expression level of S100A9 was fivefold higher in glioma stem cells than differentiated cells. Similar results were also observed in glioma stem cells derived from other glioma cells. More importantly, knockdown of S100A9 by RNA interference suppressed the proliferation of glioma stem cell line and decreased the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that the tumorigenesis potential of CSCs arises from highly expressed S100A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chokdeemeeboon C, Ammarinthnukrowh P, Tongkobpetch S, Srichomtong C, Deekajorndech T, Rianthavorn P, Kingwattanakul P, Avihingsanon Y, Wright HL, Akkahat P, Hoven VP, Mekboonsonglarp W, Edwards SW, Hirankarn N, Suphapeetiporn K, Shotelersuk V. DcR3 mutations in patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus lead to enhanced lymphocyte proliferation. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:1316-26. [PMID: 23729807 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.121285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggested a role for the death decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in the pathogenesis of adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the role of DcR3 in juvenile-onset SLE, to identify polymorphisms that might alter the function of this protein. METHODS DcR3 was measured in the serum of 61 patients with juvenile SLE. The coding region of the DcR3 gene was sequenced in 100 juvenile and 103 adult patients with SLE, together with 500 healthy controls. RESULTS DcR3 was elevated in the serum of juvenile patients with active SLE disease (440.8 ± 169.1 pg/ml), compared to patients with inactive disease (122.6 ± 28.05 pg/ml; p = 0.0014) and controls (69.27 ± 20.23 pg/ml; p = 0.0009). DNA sequencing identified 2 novel missense mutations: c.C167T (p.T56I) in an adult SLE patient and c.C364T (p.H122Y) in a juvenile patient. Recombinant proteins containing these mutations exhibited altered binding kinetics to FasL and they significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation, compared to the wild-type protein (p < 0.05). The adult patient with SLE carrying the p.T56I mutation had significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation compared to 3 SLE controls matched for age, sex, and disease severity. CONCLUSION DcR3 may play an etiologic role in SLE through either elevated serum levels of wild-type DcR3 or normal levels of gain-of-function DcR3 proteins that increase lymphocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanin Chokdeemeeboon
- Interdepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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