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Montemurro N, Ricciardi L, Scerrati A, Ippolito G, Lofrese G, Trungu S, Stoccoro A. The Potential Role of Dysregulated miRNAs in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1925. [PMID: 36422101 PMCID: PMC9695868 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), affecting 2-4% of adolescents, is a multifactorial spinal disease. Interactions between genetic and environmental factors can influence disease onset through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression. Recent evidence reported that, among all clinical features in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS), scoliosis can occur with a higher incidence than in the general population. Methods: A PubMed and Ovid Medline search was performed for idiopathic scoliosis in the setting of 22q11.2DS and miRNA according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: Four papers, accounting for 2841 individuals, reported clinical data about scoliosis in individuals with 22q11.2DS, showing that approximately 35.1% of the individuals with 22q11.2DS developed scoliosis. Conclusions: 22q11.2DS could be used as a model for the study of AIS. The DGCR8 gene seems to be essential for microRNA biogenesis, which is why we propose that a possible common pathological mechanism between scoliosis and 22q11.2DS could be the dysregulation of microRNA expression. In the current study, we identified two miRNAs that were altered in both 22q11.2DS and AIS, miR-93 and miR-1306, thus, corroborating the hypothesis that the two diseases share common molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Ricciardi
- Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alba Scerrati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ippolito
- Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), DSBMC Sapienza Università di Roma-Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Lofrese
- Division of Neurosurgery, Ospedale Bufalini, 47023 Cesena, Italy
| | - Sokol Trungu
- Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Abioja M, Logunleko M, Majekodunmi B, Adekunle E, Shittu O, Odeyemi A, Nwosu E, Oke O, Iyasere O, Abiona J, Williams T, James I, Smith O, Daramola J. Roles of Candidate Genes in the Adaptation of Goats to Heat Stress: A Review. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Smout D, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Jørgensen HS, Evenepoel P. MicroRNAs: emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets of bone fragility in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2022; 16:408-421. [PMID: 36865016 PMCID: PMC9972833 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fragility is highly prevalent, yet underdiagnosed in patients with chronic kidney disease. Incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology and limitations of current diagnostics contribute to therapeutic hesitation, if not nihilism. This narrative review addresses the question of whether microRNAs (miRNAs) may improve therapeutic decision making in osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy. miRNAs are key epigenetic regulators of bone homeostasis and show promise as both therapeutic targets and as biomarkers, primarily of bone turnover. Experimental studies show that miRNAs are involved in several osteogenic pathways. Clinical studies exploring the usefulness of circulating miRNAs for fracture risk stratification and for guiding and monitoring therapy are few and, so far, provide inconclusive results. Likely, (pre)analytical heterogeneity contributes to these equivocal results. In conclusion, miRNAs are promising in metabolic bone disease, both as a diagnostic tool and as therapeutic targets, but not yet ready for clinical prime time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Smout
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amaryllis H Van Craenenbroeck
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Skou Jørgensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation; Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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4
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Ji L, Li X, He S, Chen S. Regulation of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by microRNA. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:287. [PMID: 35536437 PMCID: PMC11071904 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is responsible for bone metabolic diseases, negatively impacting people's health and life. It has been demonstrated that microRNA influences the differentiation of osteoclasts by regulating the signaling pathways during osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. So far, the involved mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This review introduced the pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis and summarized the related microRNAs binding to their specific targets to mediate the downstream pathways in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. We also discuss the clinical potential of targeting microRNAs to treat osteoclast-mediated bone resorption as well as the challenges of avoiding potential side effects and producing efficient delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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5
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Salgado Pardo JI, Delgado Bermejo JV, González Ariza A, León Jurado JM, Marín Navas C, Iglesias Pastrana C, Martínez Martínez MDA, Navas González FJ. Candidate Genes and Their Expressions Involved in the Regulation of Milk and Meat Production and Quality in Goats ( Capra hircus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080988. [PMID: 35454235 PMCID: PMC9026325 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the present decade, highly selected caprine farming has increased in popularity due to the hardiness and adaptability inherent to goats. Recent advances in genetics have enabled the improvement in goat selection efficiency. The present review explores how genetic technologies have been applied to the goat-farming sector in the last century. The main candidate genes related to economically relevant traits are reported. The major source of income in goat farming derives from the sale of milk and meat. Consequently, yield and quality must be specially considered. Meat-related traits were evaluated considering three functional groups (weight gain, carcass quality and fat profile). Milk traits were assessed in three additional functional groups (milk production, protein and fat content). Abstract Despite their pivotal position as relevant sources for high-quality proteins in particularly hard environmental contexts, the domestic goat has not benefited from the advances made in genomics compared to other livestock species. Genetic analysis based on the study of candidate genes is considered an appropriate approach to elucidate the physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of the expression of functional traits. This is especially relevant when such functional traits are linked to economic interest. The knowledge of candidate genes, their location on the goat genetic map and the specific phenotypic outcomes that may arise due to the regulation of their expression act as a catalyzer for the efficiency and accuracy of goat-breeding policies, which in turn translates into a greater competitiveness and sustainable profit for goats worldwide. To this aim, this review presents a chronological comprehensive analysis of caprine genetics and genomics through the evaluation of the available literature regarding the main candidate genes involved in meat and milk production and quality in the domestic goat. Additionally, this review aims to serve as a guide for future research, given that the assessment, determination and characterization of the genes associated with desirable phenotypes may provide information that may, in turn, enhance the implementation of goat-breeding programs in future and ensure their sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Salgado Pardo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - José Manuel León Jurado
- Agropecuary Provincial Center of Córdoba, Provincial Council of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Carmen Marín Navas
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - Carlos Iglesias Pastrana
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - María del Amparo Martínez Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
| | - Francisco Javier Navas González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (J.I.S.P.); (J.V.D.B.); (A.G.A.); (C.M.N.); (C.I.P.); (M.d.A.M.M.)
- Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-63-853-5046 (ext. 621262)
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Hong L, Sun H, Amendt BA. MicroRNA function in craniofacial bone formation, regeneration and repair. Bone 2021; 144:115789. [PMID: 33309989 PMCID: PMC7869528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone formation in the craniofacial complex is regulated by cranial neural crest (CNC) and mesoderm-derived cells. Different elements of the developing skull, face, mandible, maxilla (jaws) and nasal bones are regulated by an array of transcription factors, signaling molecules and microRNAs (miRs). miRs are molecular modulators of these factors and act to restrict their expression in a temporal-spatial mechanism. miRs control the different genetic pathways that form the craniofacial complex. By understanding how miRs function in vivo during development they can be adapted to regenerate and repair craniofacial genetic anomalies as well as bone diseases and defects due to traumatic injuries. This review will highlight some of the new miR technologies and functions that form new bone or inhibit bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; The University of Iowa, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa City, IA, USA; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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7
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Hensley AP, McAlinden A. The role of microRNAs in bone development. Bone 2021; 143:115760. [PMID: 33220505 PMCID: PMC8019264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is critical for proper bone development. Evidence from a large body of published literature informs us that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important epigenetic factors that control many aspects of bone development, homeostasis, and repair processes. These small non-coding RNAs function at the post-transcriptional level to suppress expression of specific target genes. Many target genes may be affected by one miRNA resulting in alteration in cellular pathways and networks. Therefore, changes in levels or activity of a specific miRNA (e.g. via genetic mutations, disease scenarios, or by over-expression or inhibition strategies in vitro or in vivo) can lead to substantial changes in cell processes including proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis and differentiation. In this review, Section 1 briefly covers general background information on processes that control bone development as well as the biogenesis and function of miRNAs. In Section 2, we discuss the importance of miRNAs in skeletal development based on findings from in vivo mouse models and human clinical reports. Section 3 focuses on describing more recent data from the last three years related to miRNA regulation of osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Some of these studies also involve utilization of an in vivo rodent model to study the effects of miRNA modulation in scenarios of osteoporosis, bone repair or ectopic bone formation. In Section 4, we provide some recent information from studies analyzing the potential of miRNA-mediated crosstalk in bone and how exosomes containing miRNAs from one bone cell may affect the differentiation or function of another bone cell type. We then conclude by summarizing where the field currently stands with respect to miRNA-mediated regulation of osteogenesis and how information gained from developmental processes can be instructive in identifying potential therapeutic miRNA targets for the treatment of certain bone conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America; Shriners Hospital for Children - St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States of America.
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Huang X, Shen L, Zhang L, Shou D, Fan X. Transcriptome sequencing profiling identifies miRNA-331-3p as an osteoblast-specific miRNA in infected bone nonunion. Bone 2021; 143:115619. [PMID: 32858253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone nonunion caused by bacterial infection accounts for bone fractures, bone trauma and bone transplantation surgeries. Severe consequences include delayed unions and amputation and result in functional limitations, work disability, and poor quality of life. However, the mechanism of bone nonunion remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to screen the miRNA biomarkers of bacterial bone infection and investigated whether miRNAs regulate the osteoblasts and thus contribute to bone nonunion. We established a miRNA-mRNA network based on high-throughput RNA sequencing to compare the model rabbits infected with Staphylococcus aureus with the control rabbits. After validation experiments, miRNA-331-3p and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were found to be inversely correlated with the pathways of osteoblast mineralization and pathology of infected bone nonunion. In in vitro experiments, miRNA-331-3p was downregulated and FGF23 was upregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse calvarial osteoblasts. Further studies of the mechanism showed that mutated of putative miRNA-331-3p can bind to FGF23 3'-untranslated region sites. MiRNA-331-3p acted as an osteoblast mineralization promoter by directly targeting FGF23. Downregulation of miRNA-331-3p led to inhibition of osteoblast mineralization by regulating the DKK1/β-catenin mediated signaling. Thus, we established an improved animal model and identified new bone-related biomarkers in the infected bone nonunion. The miRNA-331-3p biomarker was demonstrated to regulate osteoblast mineralization by targeting FGF23. The novel mechanism can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the infected bone nonunion and other inflammatory bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Lifeng Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Tongde Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Dan Shou
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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9
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Goat Genomic Resources: The Search for Genes Associated with Its Economic Traits. Int J Genomics 2020; 2020:5940205. [PMID: 32904540 PMCID: PMC7456479 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5940205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat plays a crucial role in human livelihoods, being a major source of meat, milk, fiber, and hides, particularly under adverse climatic conditions. The goat genomics related to the candidate gene approach is now being used to recognize molecular mechanisms that have different expressions of growth, reproductive, milk, wool, and disease resistance. The appropriate literature on this topic has been reviewed in this article. Several genetic characterization attempts of different goats have reported the existence of genotypic and morphological variations between different goat populations. As a result, different whole-genome sequences along with annotated gene sequences, gene function, and other genomic information of different goats are available in different databases. The main objective of this review is to search the genes associated with economic traits in goats. More than 271 candidate genes have been discovered in goats. Candidate genes influence the physiological pathway, metabolism, and expression of phenotypes. These genes have different functions on economically important traits. Some genes have pleiotropic effect for expression of phenotypic traits. Hence, recognizing candidate genes and their mutations that cause variations in gene expression and phenotype of an economic trait can help breeders look for genetic markers for specific economic traits. The availability of reference whole-genome assembly of goats, annotated genes, and transcriptomics makes comparative genomics a useful tool for systemic genetic upgradation. Identification and characterization of trait-associated sequence variations and gene will provide powerful means to give positive influences for future goat breeding program.
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Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via H19/miR-675/APC axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10527-10543. [PMID: 32434960 PMCID: PMC7346082 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone volume inadequacy is an emerging clinical problem impairing the feasibility and longevity of dental implants. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) have been widely used in bone remodeling and regeneration. This study examined the effect of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)-H19 on the human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs)-droved osteogenesis in HBMSCs. HAMSCs and HBMSCs were isolated from abandoned amniotic membrane samples and bone marrow. The coculture system was conducted using transwells, and H19 level was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The mechanism was further verified. We here discovered that osteogenesis of HBMSCs was induced by HAMSCs, while H19 level in HAMSCs was increased during coculturing. H19 had no significant effect on the proliferative behaviors of HBMSCs, while its overexpression of H19 in HAMSCs led to the upregulated osteogenesis of HBMSCs in vivo and in vitro; whereas its knockdown reversed these effects. Mechanistically, H19 promoted miR-675 expression and contributed to the competitively bounding of miR-675 and Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), thus significantly activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The results suggested that HAMSCs promote osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs via H19/miR-675/APC pathway, and supply a potential target for the therapeutic treatment of bone-destructive diseases.
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Liu J, Dang L, Wu X, Li D, Ren Q, Lu A, Zhang G. microRNA-Mediated Regulation of Bone Remodeling: A Brief Review. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10213. [PMID: 31667459 PMCID: PMC6808222 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA)‐mediated regulation represents a highly efficient posttranscriptional mechanism for controlling intracellular protein expression. In the past decade, many studies have shown that various miRNAs are involved in regulating bone remodeling by affecting different stages of osteoblastogenesis, osteocytic differentiation, and osteoclastogenesis to govern osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Moreover, miRNAs are recently implicated in mediating the cell‐cell communications among bone cells. This review concentrates on the miRNA‐mediated regulatory mechanisms of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and their contribution to bone remodeling. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Lei Dang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiaohao Wu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Dijie Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China.,School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Qing Ren
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR China
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Guo WT, Wang Y. Dgcr8 knockout approaches to understand microRNA functions in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1697-1711. [PMID: 30694346 PMCID: PMC11105204 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologic function of the majority of microRNAs (miRNAs) is still unknown. Uncovering the function of miRNAs is hurdled by redundancy among different miRNAs. The deletion of Dgcr8 leads to the deficiency in producing all canonical miRNAs, therefore, overcoming the redundancy issue. Dgcr8 knockout strategy has been instrumental in understanding the function of miRNAs in a variety of cells in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will first give a brief introduction about miRNAs, miRNA biogenesis pathway and the role of Dgcr8 in miRNA biogenesis. We will then summarize studies performed with Dgcr8 knockout cell models with a focus on embryonic stem cells. After that, we will summarize results from various in vivo Dgcr8 knockout models. Given significant phenotypic differences in various tissues between Dgcr8 and Dicer knockout, we will also briefly review current progresses on understanding miRNA-independent functions of miRNA biogenesis factors. Finally, we will discuss the potential use of a new strategy to stably express miRNAs in Dgcr8 knockout cells. In future, Dgcr8 knockout approaches coupled with innovations in miRNA rescue strategy may provide further insights into miRNA functions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Guo
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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Hrdlicka HC, Lee SK, Delany AM. MicroRNAs are Critical Regulators of Osteoclast Differentiation. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 5:65-74. [PMID: 30800633 PMCID: PMC6380495 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-019-0116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our goal is to comprehensively review the most recent reports of microRNA (miRNA) regulation of osteoclastogenesis. We highlight validated miRNA-target interactions and their place in the signaling networks controlling osteoclast differentiation and function. RECENT FINDINGS Using unbiased approaches to identify miRNAs of interest and reporter-3'UTR assays to validate interactions, recent studies have elucidated the impact of specific miRNA-mRNA interactions during in vitro osteoclastogenesis. There has been a focus on signaling mediators downstream of the RANK and CSF1R signaling, and genes essential for differentiation and function. For example, several miRNAs directly and indirectly target the master osteoclast transcription factor, Nfatc1 (e.g. miR-124 and miR-214) and Rho-GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac1 (e.g. miR-29 family). SUMMARY Validating miRNA expression patterns, targets, and impact in osteoclasts and other skeletal cells is critical for understanding basic bone biology and for fulfilling the therapeutic potential of miRNA-based strategies in the treatment bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne M. Delany
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 03030
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Xu R, Shen X, Si Y, Fu Y, Zhu W, Xiao T, Fu Z, Zhang P, Cheng J, Jiang H. MicroRNA-31a-5p from aging BMSCs links bone formation and resorption in the aged bone marrow microenvironment. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12794. [PMID: 29896785 PMCID: PMC6052401 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of age‐related molecules in the bone marrow microenvironment is one of the driving forces in osteoporosis. These molecules inhibit bone formation and promote bone resorption by regulating osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity, contributing to age‐related bone loss. Here, we observed that the level of microRNA‐31a‐5p (miR‐31a‐5p) was significantly increased in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from aged rats, and these BMSCs demonstrated increased adipogenesis and aging phenotypes as well as decreased osteogenesis and stemness. We used the gain‐of‐function and knockdown approach to delineate the roles of miR‐31a‐5p in osteogenic differentiation by assessing the decrease of special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein 2 (SATB2) levels and the aging of BMSCs by regulating the decline of E2F2 and recruiting senescence‐associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF). Notably, expression of miR‐31a‐5p, which promotes osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, was markedly higher in BMSCs‐derived exosomes from aged rats compared to those from young rats, and suppression of exosomal miR‐31a‐5p inhibited the differentiation and function of osteoclasts, as shown by elevated RhoA activity. Moreover, using antagomiR‐31a‐5p, we observed that, in the bone marrow microenvironment, inhibition of miR‐31a‐5p prevented bone loss and decreased the osteoclastic activity of aged rats. Collectively, our results reveal that miR‐31a‐5p acts as a key modulator in the age‐related bone marrow microenvironment by influencing osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation and that it may be a potential therapeutic target for age‐related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xiang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yameng Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Weiwen Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zongyun Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
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15
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Abstract
Achieving satisfactory reconstruction of bone remains an important goal in orthopedic and dental conditions such as bone trauma, osteoporosis, arthritis, osteonecrosis, and periodontitis. Appropriate temporal and spatial differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is essential for postnatal bone regeneration. Additionally, an acute inflammatory response is crucial at the onset of bone repair, while an adaptive immune response has important implications during late bone remodeling. Various reports have indicated bidirectional interactions between MSCs and inflammatory cells or molecules. For example, inflammatory cells can recruit MSCs, direct their migration and differentiation, so as to exert anabolic effects on bone repair. Furthermore, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines can regulate MSCs properties and subsequent bone regeneration. MSCs have demonstrated highly immunosuppressive functions, such as inhibiting the differentiation of monocytes/hematopoietic precursors and suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review emphasizes the important interactions between inflammatory stimuli, MSCs, and bone regeneration as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Better understanding of these principles will provide new opportunities for promoting bone regeneration and the treatment of bone loss associated with immunological diseases.
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16
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McAlinden A, Im GI. MicroRNAs in orthopaedic research: Disease associations, potential therapeutic applications, and perspectives. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:33-51. [PMID: 29194736 PMCID: PMC5840038 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function to control many cellular processes by their ability to suppress expression of specific target genes. Tens to hundreds of target genes may be affected by one miRNA, thereby resulting in modulation of multiple pathways in any given cell type. Therefore, altered expression of miRNAs (i.e., during tissue development or in scenarios of disease or cellular stress) can have a profound impact on processes regulating cell differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, or apoptosis, for example. Over the past 5-10 years, thousands of reports have been published on miRNAs in cartilage and bone biology or disease, thus highlighting the significance of these non-coding RNAs in regulating skeletal development and homeostasis. For the purpose of this review, we will focus on miRNAs or miRNA families that have demonstrated function in vivo within the context of cartilage, bone or other orthopaedic-related tissues (excluding muscle). Specifically, we will discuss studies that have utilized miRNA transgenic mouse models or in vivo approaches to target a miRNA with the aim of altering conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and bone fractures in rodents. We will not discuss miRNAs in the context skeletal cancers since this topic is worthy of a review of its own. Overall, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of where the field currently stands with respect to the therapeutic potential of specific miRNAs to treat orthopaedic conditions and current technologies to target and modify miRNA function in vivo. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:33-51, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-Dong, Goyang, Korea
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17
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Osteogenic Differentiation in Healthy and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010041. [PMID: 28035992 PMCID: PMC5297676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), bone formation and turn-over in good and ill skeletal fates. The interacting molecular pathways which control bone remodeling in physiological conditions during a lifelong process are described. Then, alterations of the molecular pathways regulating osteogenesis are addressed. In the aging process, as well as in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, bone loss is caused not only by an unbalanced bone resorption activity, but also by an impairment of MSCs’ commitment towards the osteogenic lineage, in favour of adipogenesis. Mutations affecting the expression of key genes involved in the control of bone development occur in several heritable bone disorders. A few examples are described in order to illustrate the pathological consequences of perturbation in different steps of osteogenic commitment, osteoblast maturation, and matrix mineralization, respectively. The involvement of abnormal MSC differentiation in cancer is then discussed. Finally, a brief overview of clinical applications of MSCs in bone regeneration and repair is presented.
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18
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Wang X, Liu J, Zhou G, Guo J, Yan H, Niu Y, Li Y, Yuan C, Geng R, Lan X, An X, Tian X, Zhou H, Song J, Jiang Y, Chen Y. Whole-genome sequencing of eight goat populations for the detection of selection signatures underlying production and adaptive traits. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38932. [PMID: 27941843 PMCID: PMC5150979 DOI: 10.1038/srep38932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goat (Capra hircus) is one of the first farm animals that have undergone domestication and extensive natural and artificial selection by adapting to various environments, which in turn has resulted in its high level of phenotypic diversity. Here, we generated medium-coverage (9–13×) sequences from eight domesticated goat breeds, representing morphologically or geographically specific populations, to identify genomic regions representing selection signatures. We discovered ~10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each breed. By combining two approaches, ZHp and di values, we identified 22 genomic regions that may have contributed to the phenotypes in coat color patterns, body size, cashmere traits, as well as high altitude adaptation in goat populations. Candidate genes underlying strong selection signatures including coloration (ASIP, KITLG, HTT, GNA11, and OSTM1), body size (TBX15, DGCR8, CDC25A, and RDH16), cashmere traits (LHX2, FGF9, and WNT2), and hypoxia adaptation (CDK2, SOCS2, NOXA1, and ENPEP) were identified. We also identified candidate functional SNPs within selected genes that may be important for each trait. Our results demonstrated the potential of using sequence data in identifying genomic regions that are responsible for agriculturally significant phenotypes in goats, which in turn can be used in the selection of goat breeds for environmental adaptation and domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guangxian Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625000, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, 719000, China
| | - Yiyuan Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Rongqing Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,College of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | | | - Huangkai Zhou
- Guangzhou Gene de-novo Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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19
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Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have evolved in eukaryotes as epigenetic regulators of gene expression. The most abundant regulatory ncRNAs are the 20-24 nt small microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs, <200 nt). Each class of ncRNAs operates through distinct mechanisms, but their pathways to regulating gene expression are interrelated in ways that are just being recognized. While the importance of lncRNAs in epigenetic control of transcription, developmental processes and human traits is emerging, the identity of lncRNAs in skeletal biology is scarcely known. However, since the first profiling studies of miRNA at stages during osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, over 1100 publications related to bone biology and pathologies can be found, as well as many recent comprehensive reviews summarizing miRNA in skeletal cells. Delineating the activities and targets of specific miRNAs regulating differentiation of osteogenic and resorptive bone cells, coupled with in vivo gain- and loss-of-function studies, discovered unique mechanisms that support bone development and bone homeostasis in adults. We present here "guiding principles" for addressing biological control of bone tissue formation by ncRNAs. This review emphasizes recent advances in understanding regulation of the process of miRNA biogenesis that impact on osteogenic lineage commitment, transcription factors and signaling pathways. Also discussed are the approaches to be pursued for an understanding of the role of lncRNAs in bone and the challenges in addressing their multiple and complex functions. Based on new knowledge of epigenetic control of gene expression to be gained for ncRNA regulation of the skeleton, new directions for translating the miRNAs and lncRNAs into therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders are possible. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Epigenetics and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Q Hassan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
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20
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Jing D, Hao J, Shen Y, Tang G, Li ML, Huang SH, Zhao ZH. The role of microRNAs in bone remodeling. Int J Oral Sci 2015. [PMID: 26208037 PMCID: PMC4582559 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is balanced by bone formation and bone resorption as well as by alterations in the quantities and functions of seed cells, leading to either the maintenance or deterioration of bone status. The existing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), known as a family of short non-coding RNAs, are the key post-transcriptional repressors of gene expression, and growing numbers of novel miRNAs have been verified to play vital roles in the regulation of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis, revealing how they interact with signaling molecules to control these processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the roles of miRNAs in regulating bone remodeling as well as novel applications for miRNAs in biomaterials for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Hu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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M'Baya-Moutoula E, Louvet L, Metzinger-Le Meuth V, Massy ZA, Metzinger L. High inorganic phosphate concentration inhibits osteoclastogenesis by modulating miR-223. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2202-12. [PMID: 26255635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a common complication of CKD, and uremic toxins have been shown to be instrumental in this process. We have previously shown that miR-223 is increased in smooth muscle cells subjected to the uremic toxin inorganic phosphate (Pi). In the present study we investigated the influence of this miRNA in osteoclastogenesis in order to elucidate its role in the course of CKD-MBD. RT-qPCR demonstrated that high Pi concentration decreased miR-223 expression in differentiated RAW 264.7 cells. Up- and down-regulation of miR-223 was performed using specific pre-miR and anti-miR-223. Differentiation of monocyte/macrophage precursors was assessed by using RAW 264.7 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). TRAP activity and bone resorption were used to measure osteoclast activity. Pi induced a marked decrease in osteoclastogenesis in RAW cells and miR-223 levels were concomitantly decreased. Anti-miR-223 treatment inhibited osteoclastogenesis in the same way as Pi. In contrast, overexpression of miR-223 triggered differentiation, as reflected by TRAP activity. We showed that miR-223 affected the expression of its target genes NFIA and RhoB, but also osteoclast marker genes and the Akt signalling pathway, which induces osteoclastogenesis. These results were confirmed by measuring bone resorption activity of human PBMC differentiated into osteoclasts. We thus demonstrate a role of miR-223 in osteoclast differentiation, with rational grounds to use deregulation of this miRNA to selectively increase osteoclast-like activity in calcified vessels of CKD-MBD. This approach could alleviate vascular calcification without altering bone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Louvet
- INSERM U1088, CURS, CHU Amiens Sud, Avenue René Laënnec, Salouel, F-80054 Amiens, France
| | - Valérie Metzinger-Le Meuth
- INSERM U1088, CURS, CHU Amiens Sud, Avenue René Laënnec, Salouel, F-80054 Amiens, France; University Paris 13, UFR SMBH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- INSERM U1088, CURS, CHU Amiens Sud, Avenue René Laënnec, Salouel, F-80054 Amiens, France; Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, 09 Avenue Charles de Gaulle 92100 Boulogne Billancourt Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Metzinger
- INSERM U1088, CURS, CHU Amiens Sud, Avenue René Laënnec, Salouel, F-80054 Amiens, France; Centre De Biologie Humaine (CBH), Amiens University Hospital, F-80054 Amiens, France.
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22
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Alečković M, Kang Y. Bone marrow stroma-derived miRNAs as regulators, biomarkers and therapeutic targets of bone metastasis. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:671. [PMID: 25908970 PMCID: PMC4398005 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous RNA molecules that have essential roles in regulating gene expression. They control numerous physiological and cellular processes, including normal bone organogenesis and homeostasis, by enhancing or inhibiting bone marrow cell growth, differentiation, functional activity and crosstalk of the multiple cell types within the bone. Hence, elucidating miRNA targets in bone marrow stromal cells has revealed novel regulations during bone development and maintenance. Moreover, recent studies have detailed the capacity for bone stromal miRNAs to influence bone metastasis from a number of primary carcinomas by interfering with bone homeostasis or by directly influencing metastatic tumor cells. Owing to the current lack of good diagnostic biomarkers of bone metastases, such changes in bone stromal miRNA expression in the presence of metastatic lesions may become useful biomarkers, and may even serve as therapeutic targets. In particular, cell-free and exosomal miRNAs shed from bone stromal cells into circulation may be developed into novel biomarkers that can be routinely measured in easily accessible samples. Taken together, these findings reveal the significant role of bone marrow stroma-derived miRNAs in the regulation of bone homeostasis and bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Alečković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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23
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MicroRNAs Regulate Vascular Medial Calcification. Cells 2014; 3:963-80. [PMID: 25317928 PMCID: PMC4276909 DOI: 10.3390/cells3040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in patients with coronary artery disease and, when present, is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events, including an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. The pathogenesis of vascular calcification is complex and is now recognized to recapitulate skeletal bone formation. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) play an integral role in this process by undergoing transdifferentiation to osteoblast-like cells, elaborating calcifying matrix vesicles and secreting factors that diminish the activity of osteoclast-like cells with mineral resorbing capacity. Recent advances have identified microRNAs (miRs) as key regulators of this process by directing the complex genetic reprogramming of SMCs and the functional responses of other relevant cell types relevant for vascular calcification. This review will detail SMC and bone biology as it relates to vascular calcification and relate what is known to date regarding the regulatory role of miRs in SMC-mediated vascular calcification.
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24
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MicroRNAs involved in bone formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4747-61. [PMID: 25108446 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During skeletal development, mesenchymal progenitor cells undergo a multistage differentiation process in which they proliferate and become bone- and cartilage-forming cells. This process is tightly regulated by multiple levels of regulatory systems. The small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play significant roles in all stages of bone formation, suggesting the possibility that miRNAs can be novel therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases. Here, we review the role and mechanism of action of miRNAs in bone formation. We discuss roles of specific miRNAs in major types of bone cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoclasts, and their progenitors. Except a few, the current knowledge about miRNAs in bone formation has been obtained mainly by in vitro studies; further validation of these findings in vivo is awaited. We also discuss about several miRNAs of particular interest in the light of future therapies of bone diseases.
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25
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Ell B, Kang Y. MicroRNAs as regulators of bone homeostasis and bone metastasis. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:549. [PMID: 25120906 PMCID: PMC4119205 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous RNAs that have essential roles in regulating gene expression through the disruption of target genes. The miRNA-induced suppression can occur through Argonaute-mediated cleavage of target mRNAs or by translational inhibition. System-wide studies have underscored the integral role that miRNAs play in regulating the expression of essential genes within bone marrow stromal cells. The miRNA expression has been shown to enhance or inhibit cell differentiation and activity, and elucidating miRNA targets within bone marrow cells has revealed novel regulations during normal bone development. Importantly, multiple studies have shown that miRNA misexpression mediates the progression of bone-related pathologies, including osteopetrosis and osteoporosis, as well as the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, recent studies have detailed the capacity for miRNAs to influence bone metastasis from a number of primary carcinomas. Taken together, these findings reveal the significant clinical potential for miRNAs to regulate bone homeostasis, as well as to mediate bone-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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26
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van der Eerden BCJ. MicroRNAs in the skeleton: cell-restricted or potent intercellular communicators? Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:46-55. [PMID: 24832391 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and have been associated with many diseases and physiological states. Within the skeleton, both the bone forming cells, osteoblasts, and the bone degrading cells, osteoclasts, are mostly being stimulated by miRNAs through downregulation of inhibitors of bone cell differentiation. Besides miRNAs affecting master genes of bone cell differentiation and function in a cell-restricted manner, evidence is gathering that miRNAs are excreted into the local environment but also into the circulation, implicating a role for miRNAs in nearby or even distant target cells. In this review, the most recent novel miRNAs implicated in bone cell differentiation regulation will be described but also their potential paracrine or endocrine role, thus reinforcing the concept that miRNAs may function as powerful communicators between cell types or tissues.
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