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Steinberger AE, Westfal ML, Wise PE. Surgical Decision-Making in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2024; 37:191-197. [PMID: 38617844 PMCID: PMC11007598 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting patients with germline mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene. The surgical treatment of colorectal disease in FAP, which has the goal of colorectal cancer prevention, varies based on both patient and disease factors but can include the following: total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, proctocolectomy with stapled or hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, or total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy. The operative options and extent of resection, as well as the use of endoscopy and chemoprevention for the management of polyposis, will be discussed in detail in this article. In addition, commonly debated management decisions related to the treatment of patients with FAP, including the timing of prophylactic colorectal resections for patients with FAP and management of the polyp burden in the rectum, will be discussed. Finally, genotype considerations and the impact of desmoid disease on operative decisions in the setting of FAP will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie E. Steinberger
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maggie L. Westfal
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Paul E. Wise
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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2
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Frank D, Bergamasco M, Mlodzianoski MJ, Kueh A, Tsui E, Hall C, Kastrappis G, Voss AK, McLean C, Faux M, Rogers KL, Tran B, Vincan E, Komander D, Dewson G, Tran H. Trabid patient mutations impede the axonal trafficking of adenomatous polyposis coli to disrupt neurite growth. eLife 2023; 12:RP90796. [PMID: 38099646 PMCID: PMC10723793 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ZRANB1 (human Trabid) missense mutations have been identified in children diagnosed with a range of congenital disorders including reduced brain size, but how Trabid regulates neurodevelopment is not understood. We have characterized these patient mutations in cells and mice to identify a key role for Trabid in the regulation of neurite growth. One of the patient mutations flanked the catalytic cysteine of Trabid and its deubiquitylating (DUB) activity was abrogated. The second variant retained DUB activity, but failed to bind STRIPAK, a large multiprotein assembly implicated in cytoskeleton organization and neural development. Zranb1 knock-in mice harboring either of these patient mutations exhibited reduced neuronal and glial cell densities in the brain and a motor deficit consistent with fewer dopaminergic neurons and projections. Mechanistically, both DUB-impaired and STRIPAK-binding-deficient Trabid variants impeded the trafficking of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) to microtubule plus-ends. Consequently, the formation of neuronal growth cones and the trajectory of neurite outgrowth from mutant midbrain progenitors were severely compromised. We propose that STRIPAK recruits Trabid to deubiquitylate APC, and that in cells with mutant Trabid, APC becomes hyperubiquitylated and mislocalized causing impaired organization of the cytoskeleton that underlie the neuronal and developmental phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frank
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maria Bergamasco
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael J Mlodzianoski
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Melbourne Advanced Genome Editing Centre, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Ellen Tsui
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Histology Facility, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Georgios Kastrappis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne Kathrin Voss
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maree Faux
- Neuro-Oncology Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kelly L Rogers
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bang Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- The Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Komander
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hoanh Tran
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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Shimamoto Y, Takeuchi Y, Ishiguro S, Nakatsuka S, Yunokizaki H, Ezoe Y, Nakajima T, Tanaka K, Ishihara R, Takayama T, Yoshida T, Sugano K, Mutoh M, Ishikawa H. Genotype-phenotype correlation for extracolonic aggressive phenotypes in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4596-4606. [PMID: 37798255 PMCID: PMC10728006 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients develop various life-threatening extracolonic comorbidities that appear individually or within a family. This diversity can be explained by the localization of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) variant, but few reports provide definitive findings about genotype-phenotype correlations. Therefore, we investigated FAP patients and the association between the severe phenotypes and APC variants. Of 247 FAP patients, 126 patients from 85 families identified to have APC germline variant sites were extracted. These sites were divided into six groups (Regions A to F), and the frequency of severe comorbidities was compared among the patient phenotypes. Of the 126 patients, the proportions of patients with desmoid tumor stage ≥III, number of FGPs ≥1000, multiple gastric neoplasms, gastric neoplasm with high-grade dysplasia, and Spigelman stage ≥III were 3%, 16%, 21%, 12%, and 41%, respectively, while the corresponding rates were 30%, 50%, 70%, 50%, and 80% in patients with Region E (codons 1398-1580) variants. These latter rates were significantly higher than those for patients with variants in other regions. Moreover, the proportion of patients with all three indicators (desmoid tumor stage ≥III, number of FGPs ≥1000, and Spigelman stage ≥III) was 20% for those with variants in Region E and 0% for those with variants in other regions. Variants in Region E indicate aggressive phenotypes, and more intensive management is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Shimamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Yoji Takeuchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Division of Hereditary TumorsOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | | | - Shin‐ichi Nakatsuka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and CytologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | | | - Yasumasa Ezoe
- Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, School of Public HealthKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, School of Public HealthKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | - Ryu Ishihara
- Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and ServicesNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kokichi Sugano
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Sasaki FoundationKyoundo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Department of Molecular‐Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Ishikawa Gastroenterology ClinicOsakaJapan
- Department of Molecular‐Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
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Yoneji W, Yoshizaki K, Hirota T, Yoneji K, Yoshikawa R, Mori T, Sakai H, Hirata A. First Evidence of Familial Transmission of Hereditary Gastrointestinal Polyposis Associated with Germline APC Variant in Jack Russell Terriers. Vet Sci 2023; 10:439. [PMID: 37505844 PMCID: PMC10385476 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Jack Russell terriers (JRTs) with gastrointestinal (GI) neoplastic polyps have been recently reported to harbor an identical germline variant in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, c.[462_463delinsTT], in the heterozygous state, which indicates that this disease is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. Many individual cases of this disease have been observed in clinical practice; however, familial transmission has not been demonstrated due to the difficulty in tracing the family members of household dogs, especially after the disease's onset in adulthood. Recently, we encountered two cases of GI polyposis in maternal half sisters. These two cases facilitated the identification of additional relatives spanning three generations, including parents, full and half siblings of the dam (aunt and uncle), littermate and non-littermate siblings, and a nephew. Genetic analysis revealed that 11 of the 14 examined JRTs in this family carried the heterozygous germline APC variant, and eight dogs with the variant already had a current and/or past medical history of GI neoplastic polyps. Some cases in the family showed significantly more severe disease phenotypes than those initially reported, suggesting that the severity of this disease can vary considerably among individuals. Moreover, familial aggregation of severe cases suggested that the genetic modifier involved in increasing severity may have been transmitted in this family in addition to the germline APC variant. Furthermore, in addition to this family, we reported two other families of JRTs affected by hereditary GI polyposis that consisted of five full and half siblings and a mother-daughter pair, respectively. These findings unequivocally establish the transgenerational transmission of hereditary GI polyposis associated with the germline APC variant in JRT lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Yoneji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Nara Animal Referral Clinic, 5-20-7 Mitsugarasu, Nara 631-0061, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Teruaki Hirota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yoneji
- Nara Animal Referral Clinic, 5-20-7 Mitsugarasu, Nara 631-0061, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Yoshikawa
- Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Zhu W, Chen X. miR‑424‑5p is downregulated in the placentas of patients with preeclampsia and affects trophoblast migration and invasion. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:294. [PMID: 37229318 PMCID: PMC10203755 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient invasion of trophoblast cells has been reported to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). MicroRNAs (miRs) have essential roles in the trophoblasts invasion via targeting specific genes with diverse functions. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear and requires further investigation. The present study aimed to identify and evaluate the potential functions of miRs in trophoblasts invasion and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, differentially expressed miRs that were screened based on previously published microarray data (GSE96985) and a significantly downregulated miR-424-5p (miR-424) was chosen for further investigation. Subsequently, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, CCK-8, apoptosis, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to determine the cell viability, apoptotic rate, cell migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. The results showed that miR-424 was decreased in placenta specimens from patients with PE. Upregulation of miR-424 promoted cell viability, suppressed cell apoptosis and improved the invasion and migration of trophoblasts, whereas inhibition of miR-424 had opposite results. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a key mediator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, was identified as a functional target of miR-424 and an inverse relationship was observed between APC and miR-424 in placenta specimens. Further investigations revealed that APC overexpression efficiently suppressed the effect of miR-424 in trophoblast cells. In addition, the miR-424-mediated effects on trophoblast cells were dependent on the promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The present findings revealed that miR-424 regulates the trophoblast cell invasion by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway through targeting APC, indicating miR-424 as a potential candidate for the treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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MEIRA-JÚNIOR JD, YOGOLARE GG, MAGALHÃES DDP, NAMUR GN, CAMPOS FG, SEGATELLI V, NAHAS SC, JUKEMURA J. PANCREATIC SOLID-PSEUDOPAPILLARY NEOPLASM IN PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS. Arq Bras Cir Dig 2023; 35:e1718. [PMID: 36629695 PMCID: PMC9831633 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020220002e1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is an uncommon pancreatic tumor, which is more frequent in young adult women. Familial adenomatous polyposis is a genetic condition associated with colorectal cancer that also increases the risk of developing other tumors as well. AIM The aim of this study was to discuss the association of familial adenomatous polyposis with solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas, which is very rare. METHODS We report two cases of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis who developed solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas of the pancreas and were submitted to laparoscopic pancreatic resections with splenic preservation (one male and one female). RESULTS ß-catenin and Wnt signaling pathways have been found to play an important role in the tumorigenesis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas, and their constitutive activation due to adenomatous polyposis coli gene inactivation in familial adenomatous polyposis may explain the relationship between familial adenomatous polyposis and solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas. CONCLUSION Colonic resection must be prioritized, and a minimally invasive approach is preferred to minimize the risk of developing desmoid tumor. Pancreatic resection usually does not require extensive lymphadenectomy for solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas, and splenic preservation is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Donizeti MEIRA-JÚNIOR
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gonçalves YOGOLARE
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Daniel de Paiva MAGALHÃES
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Guilherme Naccache NAMUR
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Fabio Guilherme CAMPOS
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Vanderlei SEGATELLI
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Pathology Department – São Paulo (SP), Brasil
| | - Sergio Carlos NAHAS
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Jose JUKEMURA
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Digestive Surgery Division – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Lee J, Kim E, Kang MK, Ryu J, Kim JE, Shin EA, Pinanga Y, Pyo KH, Lee H, Lee EH, Cho H, Cheon J, Kim W, Jho EH, Kim S, Lee JW. Systemic TM4SF5 overexpression in Apc(Min/+) mice promotes hepatic portal hypertension associated with fibrosis. BMB Rep 2022; 55:609-14. [PMID: 36104259 DOI: 10.5483/BMBRep.2022.55.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the gene for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), as seen in ApcMin/+ mice, leads to intestinal adenomas and carcinomas via stabilization of β-catenin. Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and cancer. However, the functional linkage between TM4SF5 and APC or β-catenin has not been investigated for pathological outcomes. After interbreeding ApcMin/+ with TM4SF5-overexpressing transgenic (TgTM4SF5) mice, we explored pathological outcomes in the intestines and livers of the offspring. The intestines of 26-week-old dual-transgenic mice (ApcMin/+:TgTM4SF5) had intramucosal adenocarcinomas beyond the single-crypt adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice. Additional TM4SF5 overexpression increased the stabilization of β-catenin via reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation on Ser9. Additionally, the livers of the dualtransgenic mice showed distinct sinusoidal dilatation and features of hepatic portal hypertension associated with fibrosis, more than did the relatively normal livers in ApcMin/+ mice. Interestingly, TM4SF5 overexpression in the liver was positively linked to increased GSK3β phosphorylation (opposite to that seen in the colon), β-catenin level, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, indicating fibrotic phenotypes. Consistent with these results, 78-week-old TgTM4SF5 mice similarly had sinusoidal dilatation, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Altogether, systemic overexpression of TM4SF5 aggravates pathological abnormalities in both the colon and the liver. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 609-614].
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Kitchen-Goosen SM, Schumacher H, Good J, Patterson AL, Boguslawski EA, West RA, Williams BO, Hostetter G, Agnew DW, Teixeira JM, Alberts AS. Endometrial hyperplasia with loss of APC in a novel population of Lyz2-expressing mouse endometrial epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 2022; 44:54-64. [PMID: 36548952 PMCID: PMC10183639 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity and promoter hypermethylation of APC is frequently observed in human endometrial cancer, which is the most common gynecological cancer in the US, but its carcinogenic driver status in the endometrial epithelium has not been confirmed. We have identified a novel population of progenitor endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) in mice that express LysM and give rise to approximately 15% of all EECs in adult mice. Lysozyme M (LysM) is a glycoside hydrolase that is encoded by Lyz2 and functions to protect cells from bacteria as part of the innate immune system. Its expression has been shown in a subset of hematopoietic stem cells and in specialized lung and small intestinal epithelial cells. Conditional deletion of Apc in LysM+ EECs results in significantly more epithelial cells compared to wild type mice. At five months of age, the Apc cKO mice have enlarged uterine horns with pathology that is consistent with endometrial hyperplasia with cystic endometrial glands, non-villous luminal papillae, and nuclear atypia. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and ERα, both of which are known to induce endometrial hyperplasia, was observed in the EECs of the Apc cKO mice. These results confirm that loss of APC in EECs can result in a phenotype similar to endometrial hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Julie Good
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Amanda L Patterson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elissa A Boguslawski
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Richard A West
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Dalen W Agnew
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jose M Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Arthur S Alberts
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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9
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Lee J, Kim E, Kang MK, Ryu J, Kim JE, Shin EA, Pinanga Y, Pyo KH, Lee H, Lee EH, Cho H, Cheon J, Kim W, Jho EH, Kim S, Lee JW. Systemic TM4SF5 overexpression in Apc Min/+ mice promotes hepatic portal hypertension associated with fibrosis. BMB Rep 2022; 55:609-614. [PMID: 36104259 PMCID: PMC9813423 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the gene for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), as seen in ApcMin/+ mice, leads to intestinal adenomas and carcinomas via stabilization of β-catenin. Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and cancer. However, the functional linkage between TM4SF5 and APC or β-catenin has not been investigated for pathological outcomes. After interbreeding ApcMin/+ with TM4SF5-overexpressing transgenic (TgTM4SF5) mice, we explored pathological outcomes in the intestines and livers of the offspring. The intestines of 26-week-old dual-transgenic mice (ApcMin/+:TgTM4SF5) had intramucosal adenocarcinomas beyond the single-crypt adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice. Additional TM4SF5 overexpression increased the stabilization of β-catenin via reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation on Ser9. Additionally, the livers of the dualtransgenic mice showed distinct sinusoidal dilatation and features of hepatic portal hypertension associated with fibrosis, more than did the relatively normal livers in ApcMin/+ mice. Interestingly, TM4SF5 overexpression in the liver was positively linked to increased GSK3β phosphorylation (opposite to that seen in the colon), β-catenin level, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, indicating fibrotic phenotypes. Consistent with these results, 78-week-old TgTM4SF5 mice similarly had sinusoidal dilatation, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Altogether, systemic overexpression of TM4SF5 aggravates pathological abnormalities in both the colon and the liver. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(12): 609-614].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Jihye Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eun-Ae Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | | | | | - Haesong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eun Hae Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Heejin Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | | | - Wonsik Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Yoneji W, Yoshizaki K, Hirata A, Yoneji K, Sakai H. Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis of Hereditary Gastrointestinal Polyposis in Jack Russell Terriers. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100551. [PMID: 36288164 PMCID: PMC9612179 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In dogs, hundreds of hereditary diseases are currently known, representing a major health problem in small animal clinical practice. Hereditary gastrointestinal (GI) polyposis in Jack Russell Terriers (JRTs) is a hereditary disease recently discovered in Japan. This is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a germline variant in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Dogs with hereditary GI polyposis develop solitary and multiple tumors predominantly in the stomach and/or colorectum but have a much better prognosis than sporadic cases of GI tumors. Since the discovery of this disease, the number of newly diagnosed cases in Japan has increased, allowing the update of the disease’s clinical and pathological features. In the present study, some patients exhibited more severe condition than previously reported, including cases harboring tumors in the small intestine besides the stomach and colorectum. In addition, the rare cases died from systemic metastasis of GI tumors. Our study would facilitate the accurate diagnosis of hereditary GI polyposis in JRTs and raise global awareness of this novel hereditary disease. Abstract Hereditary GI polyposis in JRTs is a novel hereditary disease characterized by the development of solitary and multiple polypoid tumors, predominantly in the stomach and/or colorectum. Our recent study indicated that JRTs with GI neoplastic polyps harbor an identical germline variant in the APC gene, c.[462_463delinsTT], in a heterozygous state. Unlike sporadic cases, dogs afflicted with hereditary GI polyposis can be expected to have a prolonged survival time, as hereditary tumors are noninvasive. Since the discovery of this disease, the number of newly diagnosed cases in Japan has increased, allowing us to update the clinical and pathological features and provide a large number of diagnostic images. The present clinical case series study employing various diagnostic imaging techniques revealed that some of the cases harbored tumors in the small intestine in addition to the stomach and colorectum. Moreover, although rare, hereditary GI cancers can progress to the advanced stage and develop systemic metastasis, similar to sporadic GI tumors. These findings indicate that there is a wider range of variation in disease severity than was initially recognized. Our results can contribute to the accurate diagnosis of hereditary GI polyposis in clinical practice, pathological examinations, and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Yoneji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Nara Animal Referral Clinic, Nara 631-0061, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-293-2944
| | | | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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11
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Li L, Gu W, Wu X, Ao Y, Song Y, Li X, Zeng Q. Superiority of fecal carcinoembryonic antigen as diagnosis marker for adenomatous polyposis coli and asymptomatic colorectal cancer. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211062792. [PMID: 34987605 PMCID: PMC8721369 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211062792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive diagnostic tools of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and asymptomatic colorectal cancer (CRC) are urgently needed. Although fecal carcinoembryonic antigen (FCEA) has been documented in some studies, the diagnostic potential for the detection of APC and asymptomatic CRC has not been described yet. METHODS This is a retrospective study. The pre-diagnostic serum carcinoembryonic antigen (SCEA) and fecal occult blood test (FOBT) levels were retrospectively analyzed in 212 patients with intestinal diseases group (IDG) and 224 controls. The levels of FCEA across all the studied groups were measured using electronic chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), and their sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate their diagnostic potential. The individual diagnostic accuracy of the three indices, as well as their combined diagnostic potential, was compared using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and chi-square test. RESULTS The FCEA had low sensitivity (50%) and high specificity (93.91%) for the diagnosis of IDG, with the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.781. The AUC of FCEA was higher than that of SCEA for the diagnosis of APC and CRC in the APC, asymptomatic CRC, and APC + CRC-stage I patients. The AUCs of FCEA were 0.708 and 0.691 for the 'double-negative patients' and 'triple-negative patients', respectively. In addition, FCEA could diagnose 45.5% of the 'double-negative' patients, 43.3% of the asymptomatic patients, and 42.9% of the 'triple-negative' patients. The combination of FCEA and FOBT improved the diagnostic value (AUC = 0.916). CONCLUSION FCEA has been demonstrated to be a favorable diagnostic marker in intestinal diseases, especially in the APC, asymptomatic CRC, and 'double-negative' or 'triple-negative' CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xingping Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Ao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Hatakeyama S, Tojo A, Satonaka H, Yamada NO, Senda T, Ishimitsu T. Decreased Podocyte Vesicle Transcytosis and Albuminuria in APC C-Terminal Deficiency Mice with Puromycin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413412. [PMID: 34948207 PMCID: PMC8708520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In minimal change nephrotic syndrome, podocyte vesicle transport is enhanced. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) anchors microtubules to cell membranes and plays an important role in vesicle transport. To clarify the role of APC in vesicle transport in podocytes, nephrotic syndrome was induced by puromycin amino nucleoside (PAN) injection in mice expressing APC1638T lacking the C-terminal of microtubule-binding site (APC1638T mouse); this was examined in renal tissue changes. The kidney size and glomerular area of APC1638T mice were reduced (p = 0.014); however, the number of podocytes was same between wild-type (WT) mice and APC1638T mice. The ultrastructure of podocyte foot process was normal by electron microscopy. When nephrotic syndrome was induced, the kidneys of WT+PAN mice became swollen with many hyaline casts, whereas these changes were inhibited in the kidneys of APC1638T+PAN mice. Electron microscopy showed foot process effacement in both groups; however, APC1638T+PAN mice had fewer vesicles in the basal area of podocytes than WT+PAN mice. Cytoplasmic dynein-1, a motor protein for vesicle transport, and α-tubulin were significantly reduced in APC1638T+PAN mice associated with suppressed urinary albumin excretion compared to WT+PAN mice. In conclusion, APC1638T mice showed reduced albuminuria associated with suppressed podocyte vesicle transport when minimal change nephrotic syndrome was induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaya Hatakeyama
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Akihiro Tojo
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-282-86-1111
| | - Hiroshi Satonaka
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Nami O. Yamada
- Department of Anatomy, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (N.O.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Takao Senda
- Department of Anatomy, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (N.O.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Toshihiko Ishimitsu
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; (S.H.); (H.S.); (T.I.)
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13
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Chai B, Guo Y, Zhu N, Jia J, Zhang Z, Ping M, Jia K, Cui X, Suo Y. Pleckstrin 2 is a potential drug target for colorectal carcinoma with activation of APC/β‑catenin. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:862. [PMID: 34676872 PMCID: PMC8554384 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is frequently inactivated or absent in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Loss-of-function of APC promotes the expression of β-catenin, which is critical for CRC development. Since β-catenin acts as an important transcription factor, blockage of β-catenin may have side effects, including impairment of tissue homeostasis and regeneration, thus limiting the application of β-catenin inhibitors for the treatment of patients with CRC. Therefore, identifying a novel substrate of APC/β-catenin may provide essential clues to develop effective drugs. Small interfering RNA technology and lentivirus-mediated overexpression were performed for knockdown and overexpression of pleckstrin 2 (PLEK2) in CRC cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays, and cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis detection were used to detect the capacity of cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The present study demonstrated that the APC/β-catenin signaling cascade transcriptionally activated PLEK2 in CRC cells. PLEK2 expression was markedly increased in CRC tissues. There was an inverse correlation between APC and PLEK2 expression in patients with CRC. In vitro, overexpression of PLEK2 increased the proliferation of CRC cells. Opposite results were observed in the cells with knockdown of PLEK2. Furthermore, PLEK2 promoted cell cycle progression and suppressed apoptosis. In summary, upregulation of PLEK2 contributed to CRC proliferation and colony formation activated by the APC/β-catenin signal pathway. Targeting PLEK2 may be important for the treatment of patients with CRC with activation of the APC/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Junmei Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Zhuowei Zhang
- Medical Imaging Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P.R. China
| | - Mei Ping
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Kai Jia
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Cui
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Suo
- Liver Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300181, P.R. China
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14
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Liu F, Lu X, Zhou X, Huang H. APC gene promoter methylation as a potential biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis: A meta-analysis. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2907-2913. [PMID: 34545707 PMCID: PMC8563159 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to quantitatively analysis the diagnostic performance of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene promoter methylation in serum or sputum/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLAF) as a biomarker for lung cancer identification through pooling of open published data. METHODS The relevant electronic MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid, web of science and CNKI databases were systematically searched to identify the studies related to APC gene promoter methylation for lung cancer diagnosis. Data of true positive (tp), false positive (fp), false negative (fn) and true negative (tn) were extracted from the publications included in the study. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and area under summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC-SROC) of APC gene promoter methylation were calculated. Publication bias was evaluated by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's line regression test. RESULTS Fourteen studies associated with APC gene promoter methylation and lung cancer were identified in the databases and finally included in the meta-analysis. The data was pooled using a random effect model due to significant statistical heterogeneity across the 14 studies (p < 0.05). Using the APC gene promoter methylation as a reference for lung cancer identification, the pooled diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.43 (95% CI: 0.40-0.45), and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90-0.95), respectively with combined diagnostic positive likelihood ratio (+LR) and negative likelihood ratio (-LR) of 7.15 (95% CI: 3.62-14.12) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57-0.71). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and AUC-SROC of APC gene promoter methylation for lung cancer diagnosis were 9.84 (95% CI: 5.77-16.79) and 0.7, respectively. The Begg's funnel plot and Egger's line regression test both indicated statistical publication bias (t = 5.40, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS APC gene promoter methylation in serum or sputum/BLAF is a potential biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis with high specificity. However, due to its low sensitivity, it may not be suitable for lung cancer screening in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Hunsu VO, Facey COB, Fields JZ, Boman BM. Retinoids as Chemo-Preventive and Molecular-Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7731. [PMID: 34299349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) agents possess anti-tumor activity through their ability to induce cellular differentiation. However, retinoids have not yet been translated into effective systemic treatments for most solid tumors. RA signaling is mediated by the following two nuclear retinoic receptor subtypes: the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoic X receptor (RXR), and their isoforms. The identification of mutations in retinoid receptors and other RA signaling pathway genes in human cancers offers opportunities for target discovery, drug design, and personalized medicine for distinct molecular retinoid subtypes. For example, chromosomal translocation involving RARA occurs in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a highly effective and even curative therapeutic for APL patients. Thus, retinoid-based target discovery presents an important line of attack toward designing new, more effective strategies for treating other cancer types. Here, we review retinoid signaling, provide an update on retinoid agents and the current clinical research on retinoids in cancer, and discuss how the retinoid pathway genotype affects the ability of retinoid agents to inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We also deliberate on why retinoid agents have not shown clinical efficacy against solid tumors and discuss alternative strategies that could overcome the lack of efficacy.
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16
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Abstract
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, known as tumor suppressor gene, has the two promoters 1A and 1B. Researches on APC have usually focused on its loss-of-function variants causing familial adenomatous polyposis. Hypermethylation, however, which is one of the key epigenetic alterations of the APC CpG sequence, is also associated with carcinogenesis in various cancers. Accumulating studies have successively explored the role of APC hypermethylation in gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, such as in esophageal, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and hepatic cancer. In sporadic colorectal cancer, the hypermethylation of CpG island in APC is even considered as one of the primary causative factors. In this review, we systematically summarized the distribution of APC gene methylation in various GI tumors, and attempted to provide an improved general understanding of DNA methylation in GI tumors. In addition, we included a robust overview of demethylating agents available for both basic and clinical researches. Finally, we elaborated our findings and perspectives on the overall situation of APC gene methylation in GI tumors, aiming to explore the potential research directions and clinical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caixia Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Cai D, He F, Xu X, Xiong F, Zhang L. APC c.4621C>T variant causing Gardner's syndrome in a Han Chinese family may be inherited through maternal mosaicism. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:488. [PMID: 33790997 PMCID: PMC8005673 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gardner's syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease that is characterized by multiple colorectal polyps combined with extra-colonic presentation (such as osteoma or desmoid tumors) of familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. Gardner's syndrome is caused by the mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, which is located at 5q21. The aim of the current study was to investigate the APC gene mutations present in a Han Chinese family diagnosed with Gardner's syndrome. The 38-year-old proband presented with clinical symptoms, and was later diagnosed with Gardner's syndrome. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood of 150 normal controls as well as the family members of the proband. Analysis of the respective APC gene sequences was performed using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Pathogenesis associated with the APC mutation was investigated using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and determined through bioinformatics approaches. Haplotype analysis was performed to identify the genetic source of the mutation(s). In the initial screening for APC variants, the APC c.4621C>T variant was detected in the proband and his son, but was not detected in the proband's affected mother. The mRNA expression changed significantly according to age and the presence of the mutation in the blood of the patients. Haplotype analysis suggested the presence of maternal mosaicism for this mutation. Haplotype analysis revealed that the APC c.4621C>T variant in a patient with Gardner's syndrome was most likely derived from his mother through mosaicism. These results indicate the necessity to verify the possibility of gonadal mosaicism when a proband diagnosed with Gardner's syndrome appears to exhibit a de novo mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decheng Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Leitao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Chen Q, Lei J, Zhou J, Ma S, Huang Q, Ge B. Chemopreventive effect of 4'-hydroxychalcone on intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin mice. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:213. [PMID: 33510814 PMCID: PMC7836395 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones and its derivatives are reported to exhibit anti-cancer effects in several cancer cell lines, including colon cancer cells. However, the in vivo anticancer effects and associated mechanisms of chalcones against intestinal tumorigenesis currently remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemopreventive effect of a chalcone derivative, 4'-hydroxychalcone (4-HC), in a transgenic adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia mouse model (ApcMin) of spontaneous intestinal adenomas. ApcMin mice were fed 4-HC (10 mg/kg/day) or the vehicle control by oral gavage starting at 8 weeks of age, and were sacrificed at 20 weeks. The administration of 4-HC significantly decreased the number of colon adenomas by 45% and the size of colon adenomas by 35% compared with the respective controls. Similarly, the number of adenomas in the distal small intestine (DSI) and proximal small intestine also decreased by 35 and 33%, respectively, in 4-HC-treated mice, and adenoma size in the DSI decreased by 39% compared with the respective controls. Treatment with 4-HC strongly decreased proliferation in colon and DSI adenomas, as detected by immunofluorescence staining with the proliferation marker protein Ki-67, and promoted apoptosis in colon adenomas, as detected by TUNEL immunofluorescence staining. In addition, decreased mRNA expression of β-catenin target genes, including c-Myc, Axin2 and CD44, in colon adenomas of 4-HC-treated animals demonstrated the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the initiation and progression of colon neoplasms. Treatment with 4-HC also decreased the protein levels of β-catenin in colon adenomas, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining. The results suggested that 4-HC may be a promising candidate for the chemoprevention of intestinal tumorigenesis, and further investigations are required to evaluate its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jiahong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhe Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Shaoze Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Bujun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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19
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Gomez CL, Neufeld KL. Elevated adenomatous polyposis coli in goblet cells is associated with inflammation in mouse and human colon. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2154-2167. [PMID: 33150708 DOI: 10.1113/ep088970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the localization and distribution pattern of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) in intestinal epithelial cells? Does this distribution change in different regions of the colon or in the condition of inflammation? What is the main finding and its importance? Colonic epithelia from mice and humans contain a subset of goblet cells displaying high APC levels. The number of APChigh goblet cells increases in inflamed tissue, which also displays increased GRP78, indicating potential stress from mucin production. In cultured human colon cells, expression of interleukin 1 pathway components (inducers of MUC2 expression) is reduced upon APC depletion raising the potential for APC participation in an inflammatory response. ABSTRACT Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) serves as a gatekeeper of intestinal homeostasis by promoting cellular differentiation and maintaining crypt architecture. Although appreciated as a critical colon tumour suppressor, roles for APC in disease states such as inflammation have yet to be fully delineated. This study aimed to characterize the localization of APC protein in gastrointestinal tissues from human patients with active inflammatory bowel disease and mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed a subset of goblet cells with elevated Apc staining intensity in the small intestines and proximal/medial colons of mice. Upon induction of colitis with DSS, these 'APChigh ' goblet cells remained in the proximal and medial colon, but now were also observed in the distal colon. This phenotype was recapitulated in humans, with APChigh goblet cells observed only in the descending colons of patients with active ulcerative colitis. In cultured human colon cells derived from normal tissue, APC depletion reduced expression of mRNAs encoding the interleukin 1 (IL1) signalling pathway components IL1β and interleukin-1 receptor (IL1R), known regulators of Muc2 expression. Treating cancer cells lacking wild-type APC with IL1β, or induction of full-length APC in these cells led to increases in IL1R and MUC2 expression. Combining IL1β treatment with APC induction led to an increase of MUC2 expression greater than expected for additive affects, suggesting that APC sensitizes cells to IL1 signalling. These findings suggest that APC has novel roles in maintaining proper goblet cell function, thus providing further evidence for APC as an important factor in intestinal tissue homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Gomez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kristi L Neufeld
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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20
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Stefanski CD, Prosperi JR. Wnt-Independent and Wnt-Dependent Effects of APC Loss on the Chemotherapeutic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7844. [PMID: 33105836 PMCID: PMC7660076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy occurs through mechanisms within the epithelial tumor cells or through interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Chemoresistance and the development of recurrent tumors are two of the leading factors of cancer-related deaths. The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) tumor suppressor is lost in many different cancers, including colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, and its loss correlates with a decreased overall survival in cancer patients. While APC is commonly known for its role as a negative regulator of the WNT pathway, APC has numerous binding partners and functional roles. Through APC's interactions with DNA repair proteins, DNA replication proteins, tubulin, and other components, recent evidence has shown that APC regulates the chemotherapy response in cancer cells. In this review article, we provide an overview of some of the cellular processes in which APC participates and how they impact chemoresistance through both epithelial- and TME-derived mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey D. Stefanski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA;
- Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Jenifer R. Prosperi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA;
- Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
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21
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Choi J, Gong JR, Hwang CY, Joung CY, Lee S, Cho KH. A Systems Biology Approach to Identifying a Master Regulator That Can Transform the Fast Growing Cellular State to a Slowly Growing One in Early Colorectal Cancer Development Model. Front Genet 2020; 11:570546. [PMID: 33133158 PMCID: PMC7579420 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.570546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been most extensively studied for characterizing genetic mutations along its development. However, we still have a poor understanding of CRC initiation due to limited measures of its observation and analysis. If we can unveil CRC initiation events, we might identify novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for early cancer detection and prevention. To tackle this problem, we establish the early CRC development model and perform transcriptome analysis of its single cell RNA-sequencing data. Interestingly, we find two subtypes, fast growing vs. slowly growing populations of distinct growth rate and gene signatures, and identify CCDC85B as a master regulator that can transform the cellular state of fast growing subtype cells into that of slowly growing subtype cells. We further validate this by in vitro experiments and suggest CCDC85B as a novel potential therapeutic target that may prevent malignant CRC development by suppressing stemness and uncontrolled cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Choi
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ryeol Gong
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chae Young Hwang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Young Joung
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Soobeom Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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22
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Abstract
Negative growth regulatory tumor suppressor genes and positive growth regulatory oncogenes serve important roles in initiation/progression of colon cancer. Germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene represents a primary genetic defect for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome, a predisposing factor for clinical colon cancer. Somatic mutations in the APC gene are common in sporadic colon cancer. Preclinical and clinical efficacy is documented for targeted therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors for prostaglandin biosynthesis and selective inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase for polyamine biosynthesis. However, these therapeutic options lead to systemic toxicity, acquired tumor resistance and emergence of therapy resistant cancer stem cells. By contrast, non-toxic natural products are unlikely to exhibit drug resistance and may represent testable alternatives for therapy resistant colon cancer. Tumorigenic Apc [-/-] colonic epithelial cell lines derived from preclinical FAP models provide novel cellular models for drug resistant cancer stem cells. Apc [-/-] Sulindac resistant (SUL-R) cells exhibit upregulated expression levels of cancer stem cell markers. Natural products, such as naturally occurring vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and the anti-cancer agent from Turmeric root curcumin (CUR), represent testable alternatives. Relative to the non-tumorigenic Apc [+/+] C57 COL colonic epithelial cells, the tumorigenic Apc [-/-] 1638N COL and Apc [-/-] 850 MIN COL cells exhibit aneuploid cell hyper-proliferation and upregulated expression of Apc target genes β-catenin, cyclin D1, c-myc and COX-2. The SUL-R phenotypes exhibit enhanced tumor spheroid formation and upregulated expression levels of stem cell markers CD44, CD133 and c-Myc. Treatment of the SUL-R stem cells with ATRA and CUR inhibits tumor spheroid formation and reduces the expression of stem cell markers. Stem cell models developed for FAP syndrome provide a novel experimental approach to identify mechanistic leads for efficacious natural products as testable alternatives for therapy-resistant, genetically predisposed colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Telang
- Cancer Prevention Research Program, Palindrome Liaisons Consultants, Montvale, NJ 07645-1559, USA
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23
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Ma X, Bian Y, Yuan H, Chen N, Pan Y, Zhou W, Gao S, Du X, Hao S, Yan Z, Li X, Liu K, Xu F, Wang Y, Du Y. Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via H19/miR-675/APC axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10527-43. [PMID: 32434960 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone volume inadequacy is an emerging clinical problem impairing the feasibility and longevity of dental implants. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) have been widely used in bone remodeling and regeneration. This study examined the effect of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)-H19 on the human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs)-droved osteogenesis in HBMSCs. HAMSCs and HBMSCs were isolated from abandoned amniotic membrane samples and bone marrow. The coculture system was conducted using transwells, and H19 level was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The mechanism was further verified. We here discovered that osteogenesis of HBMSCs was induced by HAMSCs, while H19 level in HAMSCs was increased during coculturing. H19 had no significant effect on the proliferative behaviors of HBMSCs, while its overexpression of H19 in HAMSCs led to the upregulated osteogenesis of HBMSCs in vivo and in vitro; whereas its knockdown reversed these effects. Mechanistically, H19 promoted miR-675 expression and contributed to the competitively bounding of miR-675 and Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), thus significantly activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The results suggested that HAMSCs promote osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs via H19/miR-675/APC pathway, and supply a potential target for the therapeutic treatment of bone-destructive diseases.
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24
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Ying R, Wei Z, Mei Y, Chen S, Zhu L. APC gene 3'UTR SNPs and interactions with environmental factors are correlated with risk of colorectal cancer in Chinese Han population. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20192429. [PMID: 32159210 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20192429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the correlation between adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene 3′ untranslated region (UTR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their interactions with environmental factors and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a Chinese Han population. Methods: Genotypes of APC gene 3′UTR rs1804197, rs41116, rs448475, and rs397768 loci in 340 Chinese Han patients with CRC and 340 healthy controls were analyzed. All patients with CRC were analyzed for progression-free survival (PFS) during a 3-year follow-up. Results: The risk of CRC in subjects carrying the APC gene rs1804197 A allele was 2.95-times higher than for the C allele carriers. The interactions of the rs1804197 SNP with body mass index (BMI) and smoking were associated with the risk of CRC. The risk of CRC in the APC gene rs397768 G allele carriers was 1.68-times higher than in the A allele carriers. The interaction between the rs397768 locus SNP and gender was also associated with the risk of CRC. The 3-year PFS of patients with APC gene rs1804197 AA genotype, CA genotype, and CC genotype CRC decreased in this order, with significant difference. In addition, the 3-year PFS of rs397768 locus GG genotype, AG genotype, and AA genotype CRC patients decreased in this order, and the difference was significant. Conclusion: The rs1804197 locus in the 3′UTR region of the APC gene and its interactions with BMI and smoking are associated with the risk of CRC in a Chinese Han population. In addition, the interaction between rs397768 locus SNP and gender is related to the risk of CRC.
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25
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Shi YJ, Zhao QQ, Liu XS, Dong SH, E JF, Li X, Liu C, Wang H. Toll-like receptor 4 regulates spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis by up-regulating IL-6 and GM-CSF. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:385-397. [PMID: 31650683 PMCID: PMC6933338 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is as an important component of intestinal tumorigenesis. The activation of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling promotes inflammation in colitis of mice, but the role of TLR4 in intestinal tumorigenesis is not yet clear. About 80%–90% of colorectal tumours contain inactivating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) tumour suppressor, and intestinal adenoma carcinogenesis in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is also closely related to the germline mutations in Apc. The ApcMin/+ (multiple intestinal neoplasia) model mouse is a well‐utilized model of FAP, an inherited form of intestinal cancer. In this study, ApcMin/+ intestinal adenoma mice were generated on TLR4‐sufficient and TLR4‐deficient backgrounds to investigate the carcinogenic effect of TLR4 in mouse gut by comparing mice survival, peripheral blood cells, bone marrow haematopoietic precursor cells and numbers of polyps in the guts of ApcMin/+ WT and ApcMin/+ TLR4−/− mice. The results revealed that TLR4 had a critical role in promoting spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis. Significant differential genes were screened out by the high‐throughput RNA‐Seq method. After combining these results with KEGG enrichment data, it was determined that TLR4 might promote intestinal tumorigenesis by activating cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction and pathways in cancer signalling pathways. After a series of validation experiments for the concerned genes, it was found that IL6, GM‐CSF (CSF2), IL11, CCL3, S100A8 and S100A9 were significantly decreased in gut tumours of ApcMin/+ TLR4−/− mice compared with ApcMin/+ WT mice. In the functional study of core down‐regulation factors, it was found that IL6, GM‐CSF, IL11, CCL3 and S100A8/9 increased the viability of colon cancer cell lines and decreased the apoptosis rate of colon cancer cells with irradiation and chemical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jie Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-He Dong
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Fu E
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Metzger R, Maruskova M, Krebs S, Janssen KP, Krug AB. Increased Incidence of Colon Tumors in AOM-Treated Apc 1638N/+ Mice Reveals Higher Frequency of Tumor Associated Neutrophils in Colon Than Small Intestine. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1001. [PMID: 31681563 PMCID: PMC6797844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a major cause of mortality. Mice with truncating Apc germline mutations have been used as a standard model of CRC, but most of the Apc-mutated lines develop multiple tumors in the proximal small intestine and rarely in the colon precluding detailed analysis of colon tumor microenvironment. Our aim was to develop a model with higher resemblance to human CRC and to characterize tumor infiltrating immune cells in spontaneously developing colon tumors compared to small intestinal tumors. Therefore, the Apc1638N/+ line was treated repeatedly with azoxymethane (AOM) and 90% colon tumor incidence and 4 to 5 colon tumors per mouse were achieved. Of note, AOM treatment specifically increased the tumor burden in the colon, but not in the small intestine. Histological grading and WNT-signaling activity did not differ significantly between small intestinal and colon tumors with some lesions progressing to invasive adenocarcinoma in both locations. However, characterization of the intratumoral myeloid cell compartment revealed a massive infiltration of colon tumors with neutrophils − 6-fold higher than in small intestinal tumors. Moreover, CCL17-expressing macrophages and dendritic cells accumulated in the tumors indicating the establishment of a tumor-promoting immunosuppressive environment. Thus, Apc1638N/+ mice treated with AOM are a suitable and straightforward model to study the influence of immune cells and chemokines on colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Metzger
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mahulena Maruskova
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krebs
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne B Krug
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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27
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Ito T, Matoba R, Maekawa H, Sakurada M, Kushida T, Orita H, Wada R, Sato K. Detection of gene mutations in gastric cancer tissues using a commercial sequencing panel. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:455-460. [PMID: 31620276 PMCID: PMC6787944 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting malignancy is important for adequate adjuvant therapy in patients with cancer. Due to cancer being a genetic disease, the detection of gene mutations could be helpful in predicting the prognosis and efficacy of drugs. Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and is the third leading cause of cancer associated mortality worldwide. Mutations in genes may correlate with clinical information in patients with gastric cancer after surgery and, therefore, may be useful for predicting the prognosis of this disease. In the present study, to assess the usefulness of a commercial sequencing panel, TruSeq® Amplicon-Cancer Panel (Illumina), using a next-generation sequencer (Illumina MiSeq), mutation analysis of fresh as well as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastric cancer tissues was performed retrospectively. The study group comprised of 4 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Cancer and normal stomach tissues were collected immediately following surgical removal. Thereafter, the specimens were fixed in 10% neutral formalin for 24–72 h. Normal and FFPE cancer tissues were histologically examined and confirmed. A total of 3 mutations were identified in the driver genes (KRAS, TP53 and APC) in cancer tissues from 2 of the 4 patients, using fresh samples. In addition, FFPE samples were analysed for the same tissues and the same results were obtained by setting the threshold for the percentage of the mutation rate to avoid detection of pseudo-positive mutations. In conclusion, the sequencing analysis using FFPE-derived DNA samples was successfully performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ito
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Ryo Matoba
- DNA Chip Research Inc., Tokyo 105-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maekawa
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Sakurada
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kushida
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Hajime Orita
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Ryo Wada
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
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28
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Kariv R, Caspi M, Fliss-Isakov N, Shorer Y, Shor Y, Rosner G, Brazowski E, Beer G, Cohen S, Rosin-Arbesfeld R. Resorting the function of the colorectal cancer gatekeeper adenomatous polyposis coli. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1064-1074. [PMID: 31283021 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As a large number of cancers are caused by nonsense mutations in key genes, read-through of these mutations to restore full-length protein expression is a potential therapeutic strategy. Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene initiate the majority of both sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancers (CRC) and around 30% of these mutations are nonsense mutations. Our goal was to test the feasibility and effectiveness of APC nonsense mutation read-through as a potential chemo-preventive therapy in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), an inherited CRC syndrome patients. Ten FAP patients harboring APC nonsense mutations were treated with the read-through inducing antibiotic erythromycin for 4 months. Endoscopic assessment of the adenomas was performed at baseline, after 4 and after 12 months. Adenoma burden was documented in terms of adenoma number, maximal polyp size and cumulative polyp size per procedure. Tissue samples were collected and subjected to molecular and genetic analyses. Our results show that in the majority of patients the treatment led to a decrease in cumulative adenoma burden, median reduction in cumulative adenoma size and median reduction in adenoma number. Molecular and genetic analyses of the adenomas revealed that the treatment led to a reduced number of somatic APC mutations, reduced cellular proliferation and restoration of APC tumor-suppressing activity. Together, our findings show that induced read-through of APC nonsense mutations leads to promising clinical results and should be further investigated to establish its therapeutic potential in FAP and sporadic CRCs harboring nonsense APC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Caspi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Fliss-Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yamit Shorer
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yarden Shor
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Rosner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Brazowski
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Beer
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomi Cohen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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29
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Tejeda-Muñoz N, Albrecht LV, Bui MH, De Robertis EM. Wnt canonical pathway activates macropinocytosis and lysosomal degradation of extracellular proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10402-11. [PMID: 31061124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903506116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for new drugs targeting Wnt-driven diseases. For example, 80% of colorectal cancers are initiated by Wnt-activating APC mutations which then require multiple additional mutations to progress into invasive cancer. Here we present cell biological studies showing that Wnt pathway activation, or mutation of the tumor suppressors APC or Axin, greatly increased macropinocytosis. In the presence of Wnt, membrane ruffles at the plasma membrane engulfed large volumes of extracellular fluids which were channeled for degradation in lysosomes. The experiments suggest that inhibition of multivesicular body formation, methylation, or the Na+/H+ exchanger, may help prevent Wnt-driven cancer progression. Canonical Wnt signaling is emerging as a major regulator of endocytosis. Wnt treatment markedly increased the endocytosis and degradation in lysosomes of BSA. In this study, we report that in addition to receptor-mediated endocytosis, Wnt also triggers the intake of large amounts of extracellular fluid by macropinocytosis, a nonreceptor-mediated actin-driven process. Macropinocytosis induction is rapid and independent of protein synthesis. In the presence of Wnt, large amounts of nutrient-rich packages such as proteins and glycoproteins were channeled into lysosomes after fusing with smaller receptor-mediated vesicles containing glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and protein arginine ethyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), an enzyme required for canonical Wnt signaling. Addition of Wnt3a, as well as overexpression of Disheveled (Dvl), Frizzled (Fz8), or dominant-negative Axin induced endocytosis. Depletion of the tumor suppressors adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or Axin dramatically increased macropinocytosis, defined by incorporation of the high molecular weight marker tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-dextran and its blockage by the Na+/H+ exchanger ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA). Macropinocytosis was blocked by dominant-negative vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4), indicating that the Wnt pathway is dependent on multivesicular body formation, a process called microautophagy. SW480 colorectal cancer cells displayed constitutive macropinocytosis and increased extracellular protein degradation in lysosomes, which were suppressed by restoring full-length APC. Accumulation of the transcriptional activator β-catenin in the nucleus of SW480 cells was inhibited by methyltransferase inhibition, EIPA, or the diuretic amiloride. The results indicate that Wnt signaling switches metabolism toward nutrient acquisition by engulfment of extracellular fluids and suggest possible treatments for Wnt-driven cancer progression.
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30
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Yuan B, Wu W, Zhang H, Gu H, Guo D, Jiang J, Wang X. Adenomatous polyposis coli as a predictor of environmental chemical-induced transgenerational effects related to male infertility. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22331. [PMID: 30934153 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to toxic environmental chemicals during pregnancy is a ubiquitous threat to health with potentially transgenerational consequences. However, the underlying mechanism of how transgenerational effects occur as part of environmental chemical exposure are not well understood. We investigated the potential molecular changes associated with dibutyl phthalate exposure that induced transgenerational effects, using a rat model. Through the analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we found some similar studies of environmental exposure induced transgenerational effects. Then, we analyzed one of the studies and our results to identify the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. This gene participated the most of the pathways and was upregulated in both studies. We used the miRWALK data set to predict the microRNAs which targeted the APC gene. We confirmed the miR-30 family were significantly downregulated in F3 testis tissues and targeted the APC gene. In conclusion, the miR-30 family/APC interaction is a potential mechanism for the transgenerational effects induced by the environmental chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Yuan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huazhong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Gu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Guo
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Morcrette G, Hirsch TZ, Badour E, Pilet J, Caruso S, Calderaro J, Martin Y, Imbeaud S, Letouzé E, Rebouissou S, Branchereau S, Taque S, Chardot C, Guettier C, Scoazec JY, Fabre M, Brugières L, Zucman-Rossi J. APC germline hepatoblastomas demonstrate cisplatin-induced intratumor tertiary lymphoid structures. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1583547. [PMID: 31069152 PMCID: PMC6492969 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1583547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common liver cancer in children. We aimed to characterize HB related to APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) germline mutation (APC-HB). This French multicentric retrospective study included 12 APC-HB patients under 5 at diagnosis. Clinical features of APC-HB were compared to the French SIOPEL2-3 cohort of HB patients. Molecular and histopathological analyses of APC-HB were compared to 15 consecutive sporadic HB treated at Bicêtre hospital from 2013 to 2015 (non-APC-HB). APC-HB patients have a peculiar spectrum of germline APC mutations, with no events in the main hotspot of classical APC mutations at codon 1309 (P < .05). Compared to sporadic HB, they have similar clinical features including good prognosis since all patients are alive in complete remission at last follow-up. APC-HB are mostly well-limited tumors with fetal predominance and few mesenchymal components. All APC-HB have an activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway without CTNNB1 mutation, confirming that germline APC and somatic CTNNB1 mutations are mutually exclusive (P < .001). Pathological reviewing identified massive intratumor tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) containing both lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells in all 11 APC-HB cases who received cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy but not in five pre-chemotherapy samples (four paired biopsies and one patient resected without chemotherapy), indicating that these TLS are induced by chemotherapy (P < .001). Conclusion: APC-HB show a good prognosis, they are all infiltrated by cisplatin-induced TLS, a feature only retrieved in a minority of non-APC-HB. This suggests that APC inactivation can synergize with cisplatin to induce an immunogenic cell death that initiates an anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Morcrette
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Service de Pathologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Theo Z Hirsch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Elise Badour
- Service de pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - Jill Pilet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France.,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris Est Créteil, France
| | - Yoann Martin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Branchereau
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin, France
| | - Sophie Taque
- Département de Médecine de l'Enfant et l'Adolescent, CHU de Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Chardot
- Service de Chirurgie viscérale pédiatrique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Monique Fabre
- Service d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Brugières
- Département de cancérologie de l'Enfant et l'adolescent, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Département de cancérologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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de Oliveira JC, Viana DV, Zanardo C, Santos EMM, de Paula AE, Palmero EI, Rossi BM. Genotype-phenotype correlation in 99 familial adenomatous polyposis patients: A prospective prevention protocol. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2114-2122. [PMID: 30897307 PMCID: PMC6536935 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a syndrome caused by germline pathogenic variants in the tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Identification of APC pathogenic variants sites and the genotype‐phenotype correlation are important for characterizing, monitoring, and treating members of affected families. The aim of this study was to correlate genotype‐phenotype of Brazilian individuals carrying APC pathogenic germline variants and that have FAP. Methods The polyposis phenotype of 99 individuals from 35 families between July 2013 and December 2014 were prospectively evaluated based on the InSIGHT polyposis staging classification. Seven extra‐colonic manifestations were assessed and the clinical manifestations correlated with the APC genotype. Results The age of the study participants ranged from 12 to 67 years (median of 29 years). Twenty‐six APC pathogenic variants were identified. Fifty‐five cases harbored nonsense pathogenic variants (55.6%). Frameshift alterations were noted in 39 cases (39.4%). Aberrant splicing was noted in 1 case (1%). Rearrangements were observed in 3 cases (3%). An association between nonsense variants and rearrangement was noted in 1 case (1%). The genotype‐phenotype correlation analysis led the identification of classic FAP in 94 cases (94.9%). Profuse polyposis was identified in 5 cases (5.1%). Thirty‐six cases were diagnosed with cancer of which 29 cases (80.6%) were colorectal cancer, 1 case (2.7%) was brain cancer, 4 cases (11.2%) were papillary thyroid cancer, and 2 cases (5.5%) were stomach cancer. The extra‐colonic manifestations included 9 individuals with desmoids tumors, 10 with osteomas, and 9 with congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Conclusions The genotype‐phenotype correlation in Brazilian individuals with FAP revealed specific findings not previously reported for other cohorts, demonstrating the relevance of knowledge regarding the variable pathogenic variants and clinical presentation in different populations for adequate individual clinical management of patients harboring this medical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo V Viana
- Oncogenetics Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleyton Zanardo
- Biostatistics Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika M M Santos
- Cancer Genetics, Oncology Department, Sírio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André E de Paula
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil.,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edenir I Palmero
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil.,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito M Rossi
- Cancer Genetics, Oncology Department, Sírio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim SB, Zhang L, Yoon J, Lee J, Min J, Li W, Grishin NV, Moon YA, Wright WE, Shay JW. Truncated Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Mutation Induces Asef-Activated Golgi Fragmentation. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:e00135-18. [PMID: 29866653 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00135-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a key molecule to maintain cellular homeostasis in colonic epithelium by regulating cell-cell adhesion, cell polarity, and cell migration through activating the APC-stimulated guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (Asef). The APC-activated Asef stimulates the small GTPase, which leads to decreased cell-cell adherence and cell polarity, and enhanced cell migration. In colorectal cancers, while truncated APC constitutively activates Asef and promotes cancer initiation and progression, regulation of Asef by full-length APC is still unclear. Here, we report the autoinhibition mechanism of full-length APC. We found that the armadillo repeats in full-length APC interact with the APC residues 1362 to 1540 (APC-2,3 repeats), and this interaction competes off and inhibits Asef. Deletion of APC-2,3 repeats permits Asef interactions leading to downstream signaling events, including the induction of Golgi fragmentation through the activation of the Asef-ROCK-MLC2. Truncated APC also disrupts protein trafficking and cholesterol homeostasis by inhibition of SREBP2 activity in a Golgi fragmentation-dependent manner. Our study thus uncovers the autoinhibition mechanism of full-length APC and a novel gain of function of truncated APC in regulating Golgi structure, as well as cholesterol homeostasis, which provides a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention against colon cancers.
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Agüera-González S, Burton OT, Vázquez-Chávez E, Cuche C, Herit F, Bouchet J, Lasserre R, Del Río-Iñiguez I, Di Bartolo V, Alcover A. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Defines Treg Differentiation and Anti-inflammatory Function through Microtubule-Mediated NFAT Localization. Cell Rep 2018; 21:181-194. [PMID: 28978472 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a polarity regulator and tumor suppressor associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer development. Although extensively studied in epithelial transformation, the effect of APC on T lymphocyte activation remains poorly defined. We found that APC ensures T cell receptor-triggered activation through Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT), since APC is necessary for NFAT's nuclear localization in a microtubule-dependent fashion and for NFAT-driven transcription leading to cytokine gene expression. Interestingly, NFAT forms clusters juxtaposed with microtubules. Ultimately, mouse Apc deficiency reduces the presence of NFAT in the nucleus of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impairs Treg differentiation and the acquisition of a suppressive phenotype, which is characterized by the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These findings suggest a dual role for APC mutations in colorectal cancer development, where mutations drive the initiation of epithelial neoplasms and also reduce Treg-mediated suppression of the detrimental inflammation that enhances cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Agüera-González
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Vázquez-Chávez
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Cuche
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Herit
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bouchet
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Lasserre
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iratxe Del Río-Iñiguez
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France.
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Liang TJ, Wang HX, Zheng YY, Cao YQ, Wu X, Zhou X, Dong SX. APC hypermethylation for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and literature review. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46468-46479. [PMID: 28515349 PMCID: PMC5542282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) promoter hypermethylation has been frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CRC). The association between APC promoter methylation and clinicopathological significance in CRC is under investigation. We performed a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the significance of APC methylation in CRC. The study included a total of 24 articles and 2025 CRC patients. The frequency of APC promoter hypermethylation was significantly higher in colorectal adenoma than in normal colorectal tissue, OR was 5.76, 95% CI, 2.45-13.56; p<0.0001, I2=0%. APC promoter more frequently hypermethylated in CRC stage I compared to normal colorectal tissue, OR was 13.42, 95% CI, 3.66-49.20; p<0.0001, I2=31%. The risk of incidence of CRC was significantly correlated to APC promoter hypermethylation, pooled OR was 9.80, 95%CI, 6.07-15.81; p<0.00001, I2=43%. APC methylation was not associated with grade, stage of CRC as well as tumor location, patients’ gender, and smoking behavior. The results indicate that APC promoter hypermethylation is an early event in carcinogenesis of CRC, could be a valuable diagnostic marker for early-stage CRC. APC methylation is not significantly associated with overall survival in patients with CRC. APC is a potential drug target for development of personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Jun Liang
- Department of Digestive Disease, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiyang People's Hospital, Jiyang, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jiyang People's Hospital, Jiyang, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Qing Cao
- Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Xiao Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
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Burhannudin, Mahmudah N, Widyarini S, Purnomosari D. Chemopreventive Effects of Edible Canna (Canna edulis Kerr.) Against Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Effects on Expression of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Inflammatory Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:839-844. [PMID: 29582643 PMCID: PMC5980864 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.3.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Dietary high fibre and calcium intake has been suggested to reduce colorectal cancer risk. However, there is limited information available regarding the potential of edible canna (Ganyong), with high dietary fibre and calcium content, to act as a preventive agent for colorectal cancer. This experimental study was conducted to investigate the preventive effect of Ganyong in reducing colorectal carcinogenesis with attention to effects on adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 equal groups; a normal control group without azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate (AOM/DSS) induction and Ganyong, a ‘cancer’ control group with AOM/DSS induction only, and three treatment groups with AOM/DSS induction and different percentages (5%, 10% and 20%) of Ganyong. Paraffin-embedded sections of rat colon tissue were analysed by haematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining against antibodies against APC and iNOS. Variation in rates of APC and iNOS expression were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’s test (SPSS statistic version 24). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: AOM/DSS induction increased the expression of APC (p=0.013) and iNOS (p=0.013) compared to the normal control group. APC expression in the treated groups was lower than in the ‘cancer’ control group (p=0.049), especially in the 10% Ganyong group (p=0.02). In contrast, there was no significant variation among the treated groups regarding iNOS expression. Histopathological features of the colon supported the data for APC and iNOS expression. Conclusion: This study indicated potential chemopreventive effects of Ganyong reducing expression of factors contributing to colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhannudin
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Talla SB, Brembeck FH. The role of Pygo2 for Wnt/ß-catenin signaling activity during intestinal tumor initiation and progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:80612-32. [PMID: 27811361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pygo2 acts as a co-activator of Wnt signaling in a nuclear complex with ß-catenin/BCL9/BCL9-2 to increase target gene transcription. Previous studies showed that Pygo2 is upregulated in murine intestinal tumors and human colon cancer, but is apparently dispensable for normal intestinal homeostasis. Here, we have evaluated the in vivo role of Pygo2 during intestinal tumorigenesis using Pygo2 deficient mice. We analyzed chemically induced colon tumor development and conditional intestine specific mouse models harboring either Apc loss-of-function (LOF) or Ctnnb1 gain-of-function (ß-catenin GOF). Remarkably, the number and size of chemically induced tumors was significantly reduced in Pygo2 deficient mice, suggesting that Pygo2 has a tumor promoting function. Furthermore, loss of Pygo2 rescued early tumorigenesis of Ctnnb1 GOF mutants. In contrast, Pygo2 ablation was not sufficient to prevent tumor development of Apc LOF mice. The effect on tumor formation by Pygo2 knockout was linked to the repression of specific deregulated Wnt target genes, in particular of c-Myc. Moreover, the role of Pygo2 appears to be associated with the signaling output of deregulated Wnt signaling in the different tumor models. Thus, targeting Pygo2 might provide a novel strategy to suppress tumor formation in a context dependent manner.
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He K, Zhang L, Long X. Quantitative assessment of the association between APC promoter methylation and breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37920-37930. [PMID: 27191268 PMCID: PMC5122360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is an important tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. However, there were inconsistent conclusions in the association between APC promoter methylation and breast cancer. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the clinicopathological significance and diagnosis role of APC methylation in breast cancer. In total, 3172 samples from 29 studies were performed in this study. The odds ratio (OR) of APC methylation was 5.92 (95% CI = 3.16–11.07) in breast cancer cases compared to controls,. The APC promoter methylation was associated with cancer stage (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.28–0.80, P = 0.006), lymph node metastases (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.36–0.84, P = 0.005) and ER status (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.03–1.73, P = 0.003) in breast cancer. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity for all included studies were 0.444 (95% CI: 0.321–0.575, P < 0.0001) and 0.976 (95% CI: 0.916–0.993, P < 0.0001), respectively. These results suggested that APC promoter methylation was associated with breast cancer risk, and it could be a valuable biomarker for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli He
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, 415003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xinghua Long
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Yamaguchi S, Fujii T, Izumi Y, Fukumura Y, Han M, Yamaguchi H, Akita T, Yamashita C, Kato S, Sekiya T. Identification and characterization of a novel adenomatous polyposis coli mutation in adult pancreatoblastoma. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29535845 PMCID: PMC5828192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, many missense mutations were found in a well-known oncogene, many of which were variant of uncertain significance mutations. We recently treated an adult patient with pancreatoblastoma by chemotherapy. Using an NGS cancer panel, we found a previously unreported missense mutation in the 1835 codon of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. We also found a heterogeneous mutation in the 1835 codon of the APC gene in the patient's germline by Sanger sequencing. Although this patient did not have a history of familial adenomatous polyposis, functional analysis suggested the R1835G mutant APC showed attenuated repression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. This is the first report showing a novel APC missense mutation involved in the onset of adult pancreatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Yamaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Fujii
- Department of Cancer Genome Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Izumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukumura
- Department of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Min Han
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan.,Fusion of Regenerative Medicine with DDS, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan.,Fusion of Regenerative Medicine with DDS, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kato
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Translational Genomics for Intractable Diseases, Intractable Diseases Research Center, Juntendo University, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Sekiya
- Department of Cancer Genome Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Douma KFL, Aalfs CM, Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Smets EM. An E-Learning Module to Improve Nongenetic Health Professionals' Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Genetic Risk: Feasibility Study. JMIR Med Educ 2017; 3:e24. [PMID: 29254907 PMCID: PMC5748476 DOI: 10.2196/mededu.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nongenetic health providers may lack the relevant knowledge, experience, and communication skills to adequately detect familial colorectal cancer (CRC), despite a positive attitude toward the assessment of history of cancer in a family. Specific training may enable them to more optimally refer patients to genetic counseling. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop an e-learning module for gastroenterologists and surgeons (in training) aimed at improving attitudes, knowledge, and comprehension of communication skills, and to assess the feasibility of the e-learning module for continued medical education of these specialists. METHODS A focus group helped to inform the development of a training framework. The e-learning module was then developed, followed by a feasibility test among a group of surgeons-in-training (3rd- and 4th-year residents) and then among gastroenterologists, using pre- and posttest questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 124 surgeons-in-training and 14 gastroenterologists participated. The e-learning was positively received (7.5 on a scale of 1 to 10). Between pre- and posttest, attitude increased significantly on 6 out of the 10 items. Mean test score showed that knowledge and comprehension of communication skills improved significantly from 49% to 72% correct at pretest to 67% to 87% correct at posttest. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the feasibility of a problem-based e-learning module to help surgeons-in-training and gastroenterologists in recognizing a hereditary predisposition in patients with CRC. The e-learning led to improvements in attitude toward the assessment of cancer family history, knowledge on criteria for referral to genetic counseling for CRC, and comprehension of communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Freya Lea Douma
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Tanis
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellen M Smets
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Lawless AK, Huilgol R, Young CJ. An Unusual Case of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Presenting with Gout and Jaundice. Cureus 2017; 9:e1475. [PMID: 28944114 PMCID: PMC5602373 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We highlight an unusual case of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) presenting initially with gout, jaundice and a periampullary carcinoma. This case may be of interest to clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of FAP and follow-up of patients after surgical resection.
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Abstract
The present study was planned to explore the correlation between the methylation of APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) and colon carcinogenesis. Colon cancer tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues of 60 colon cancer patients (who received surgical operation in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014) were collected. SW1116 cells in human colon cancer tissues were selected for culturing. 5-aza-2c-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) was utilized as an inhibitor of the methylation for APC gene. Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was utilized for detection of APC methylation in SW1116 cells. The MTT and Transwell assays were performed to detect the effect of the methylation of APC gene on the proliferation and invasive abilities of SW1116 cells. The correlation between the methylation of APC gene and pathological parameters of colon cancer patients was analyzed. MSP results revealed that 41 cases (68.33%) showed methylation of APC gene in colon cancer tissues. No methylation of APC gene was found in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. 5-aza-dC was able to inhibit the methylation of APC gene in SW1116 cells. APC gene methylation was correlated with tumor size, differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis and Dukes staging. In conclusion, the levels of the methylation of APC in colon cancer tissues and SW1116 cells are relatively high. The methylation of APC promoted the proliferation and invasion abilities of SW1116 cells. Furthermore, methylation is correlated with a variety of clinicopathological features of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Qiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Peng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Hua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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Sandoval IT, Delacruz RGC, Miller BN, Hill S, Olson KA, Gabriel AE, Boyd K, Satterfield C, Van Remmen H, Rutter J, Jones DA. A metabolic switch controls intestinal differentiation downstream of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28397687 PMCID: PMC5388534 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating signaling pathways that regulate cellular metabolism is essential for a better understanding of normal development and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1), a crucial player in pyruvate metabolism, is downregulated in colon adenocarcinomas. Utilizing zebrafish to examine the genetic relationship between MPC1 and Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a key tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer, we found that apc controls the levels of mpc1 and that knock down of mpc1 recapitulates phenotypes of impaired apc function including failed intestinal differentiation. Exogenous human MPC1 RNA rescued failed intestinal differentiation in zebrafish models of apc deficiency. Our data demonstrate a novel role for apc in pyruvate metabolism and that pyruvate metabolism dictates intestinal cell fate and differentiation decisions downstream of apc. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22706.001 Colon cancer remains an important problem in healthcare. Cancer researchers are looking for new ways to detect the disease earlier and treat it more effectively. This is challenging because many of the genetic and molecular causes of colon cancer are still poorly understood. Mutations in the gene that encodes a protein called APC are one of the major causes of the disease. The APC protein normally keeps cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way and is hence referred to as a tumor suppressor. For example, APC induces stem cells in the intestine to develop into specialized cells that keep the gut working normally. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes are common in many cancers. Other research has shown that cancer cells must reprogram their own metabolism – in other words, all the chemical processes that keep the cell alive – to meet the demands of proliferating rapidly. In particular, recent studies reveal that colon cancer cells produce less of a protein called mpc1, which is involved in metabolism. These discoveries raised the following questions: does APC have an additional role in maintaining normal metabolism in cells by controlling how much mpc1 is produced? Do mutations in the gene for APC lead to colon cancer because they alter the cell’s metabolism? Sandoval et al. have now discovered a connection between APC and changes in cancer cells that help them to adapt to a new metabolic program. Experiments with zebrafish – a model animal that is now commonly used in the field of cancer biology – showed that APC acts via mpc1 to regulate how the cell uses energy. This regulation goes awry in colon cells that have abnormal APC activity; however, restoring the cell’s metabolism back to normal was enough to induce cells in the intestine to develop properly. Together, these findings suggest that restoring the normal balance of energy production in colon cancer cells may be an effective way to make the cells behave normally. This hypothesis remains to be tested and, if confirmed, further studies will be needed to determine whether it will lead to new treatments for colon cancer in humans. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22706.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda T Sandoval
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Richard Glenn C Delacruz
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Braden N Miller
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Shauna Hill
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States.,Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States
| | - Kristofor A Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Ana E Gabriel
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Kevin Boyd
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Christeena Satterfield
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - David A Jones
- Functional and Chemical Genomics, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
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Taniguchi K, Moroishi T, de Jong PR, Krawczyk M, Grebbin BM, Luo H, Xu RH, Golob-Schwarzl N, Schweiger C, Wang K, Di Caro G, Feng Y, Fearon ER, Raz E, Kenner L, Farin HF, Guan KL, Haybaeck J, Datz C, Zhang K, Karin M. YAP-IL-6ST autoregulatory loop activated on APC loss controls colonic tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1643-8. [PMID: 28130546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620290114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) activates β-catenin to initiate colorectal tumorigenesis. However, β-catenin (CTNNB1) activating mutations rarely occur in human colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that APC loss also results in up-regulation of IL-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST/gp130), thereby activating Src family kinases (SFKs), YAP, and STAT3, which are simultaneously up-regulated in the majority of human CRC. Although, initial YAP activation, which stimulates IL6ST gene transcription, may be caused by reduced serine phosphorylation, sustained YAP activation depends on tyrosine phosphorylation by SFKs, whose inhibition, along with STAT3-activating JAK kinases, causes regression of established colorectal tumors. These results explain why APC loss is a more potent initiating event than the mere activation of CTNNB1.
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Hasebe T, Matsukawa J, Ringus D, Miyoshi J, Hart J, Kaneko A, Yamamoto M, Kono T, Fujiya M, Kohgo Y, Wang CZ, Yuan CS, Bissonnette M, Musch MW, Chang EB. Daikenchuto (TU-100) Suppresses Tumor Development in the Azoxymethane and APC min/+ Mouse Models of Experimental Colon Cancer. Phytother Res 2017; 31:90-99. [PMID: 27730672 PMCID: PMC5590753 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemopreventative properties of traditional medicines and underlying mechanisms of action are incompletely investigated. This study demonstrates that dietary daikenchuto (TU-100), comprised of ginger, ginseng, and Japanese pepper effectively suppresses intestinal tumor development and progression in the azoxymethane (AOM) and APCmin/+ mouse models. For the AOM model, TU-100 was provided after the first of six biweekly AOM injections. Mice were sacrificed at 30 weeks. APCmin/+ mice were fed diet without or with TU-100 starting at 6 weeks, and sacrificed at 24 weeks. In both models, dietary TU-100 decreased tumor size. In APC min/+ mice, the number of small intestinal tumors was significantly decreased. In the AOM model, both TU-100 and Japanese ginseng decreased colon tumor numbers. Decreased Ki-67 and β-catenin immunostaining and activation of numerous transduction pathways involved in tumor initiation and progression were observed. EGF receptor expression and stimulation/phosphorylation in vitro were investigated in C2BBe1 cells. TU-100, ginger, and 6-gingerol suppressed EGF receptor induced Akt activation. TU-100 and ginseng and to a lesser extent ginger or 6-gingerol inhibited EGF ERK1/2 activation. TU-100 and some of its components and metabolites of these components inhibit tumor progression in two mouse models of colon cancer by blocking downstream pathways of EGF receptor activation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumu Hasebe
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Matsukawa
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daina Ringus
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Atsushi Kaneko
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura and Co., Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Toru Kono
- Center for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kohgo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chong-Zi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark W. Musch
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wen F, Liu Y, Wang W, Li M, Guo F, Sang Y, Qin Q, Wang Y, Li Q. Adenomatous polyposis coli genotype-dependent toll-like receptor 4 activity in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7761-72. [PMID: 26760960 PMCID: PMC4884952 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/NF-κB activation stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was associated with diverse biological response in colon cancer, but the underlying mechanism was largely unknown. In the current study, we reported cell proliferation was elevated in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutated- and APC knockdown cell lines, while the proliferation was inhibited in APC wild-type cell lines. Besides, in vivo experiments showed that LPS promoted APC knockdown tumor growth while inhibited proliferation of APC wild type. Further study confirmed that activation of TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway by LPS cross regulated with APC/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, which were depend on APC status of cell lines. Taken together, APC genotypes play a key role in LPS induced different colon cancer biological response by cross-regulating β-catenin and NF-κB, which may provide a novel strategy for carcinogenesis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wen
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuchun Guo
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxiong Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Qin
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Sichuan, China
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Li L, Jensen JN, Szabo S, VanTuinen P, Lew SM. Recurrent giant cranial desmoid tumor in a 3-year-old boy with familial adenomatous polyposis requiring bifrontoparietal cranioplasty: case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016; 25:703-707. [PMID: 27635978 DOI: 10.3171/2016.6.peds15741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Desmoid tumors, also known as aggressive fibromatosis, are locally infiltrating musculoaponeurotic neoplasms arising in connective tissues. Desmoid tumors may be associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a genetic disorder that presents with hundreds to thousands of precancerous colorectal polyps. The authors report the case of an 18-month-old boy who underwent resection of a right temporal desmoid tumor (initially diagnosed as cranial fasciitis) and developed a bilateral frontoparietal calvarial desmoid tumor 2 years later. The patient underwent gross-total resection of the tumor that required a large cranioplasty. He was subsequently diagnosed with FAP. The patient has been without tumor recurrence for 9 years afterwards and has not required revision of his cranioplasty. This is the first report describing a recurrent cranial desmoid tumor in a pediatric patient with FAP. The authors believe, however, that some of the cases previously reported as cranial fasciitis are likely desmoid tumors pathobiologically and genetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyuan Li
- Departments of 1 Neurological Surgery and
| | - John N Jensen
- Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Sara Szabo
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter VanTuinen
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sean M Lew
- Departments of 1 Neurological Surgery and
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Eken SM, Jin H, Chernogubova E, Li Y, Simon N, Sun C, Korzunowicz G, Busch A, Bäcklund A, Österholm C, Razuvaev A, Renné T, Eckstein HH, Pelisek J, Eriksson P, González Díez M, Perisic Matic L, Schellinger IN, Raaz U, Leeper NJ, Hansson GK, Paulsson-Berne G, Hedin U, Maegdefessel L. MicroRNA-210 Enhances Fibrous Cap Stability in Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions. Circ Res 2016; 120:633-644. [PMID: 27895035 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In the search for markers and modulators of vascular disease, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potent therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE To investigate miRNAs of clinical interest in patients with unstable carotid stenosis at risk of stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS Using patient material from the BiKE (Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomies), we profiled miRNA expression in patients with stable versus unstable carotid plaque. A polymerase chain reaction-based miRNA array of plasma, sampled at the carotid lesion site, identified 8 deregulated miRNAs (miR-15b, miR-29c, miR-30c/d, miR-150, miR-191, miR-210, and miR-500). miR-210 was the most significantly downregulated miRNA in local plasma material. Laser capture microdissection and in situ hybridization revealed a distinct localization of miR-210 in fibrous caps. We confirmed that miR-210 directly targets the tumor suppressor gene APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), thereby affecting Wnt (Wingless-related integration site) signaling and regulating smooth muscle cell survival, as well as differentiation in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Substantial changes in arterial miR-210 were detectable in 2 rodent models of vascular remodeling and plaque rupture. Modulating miR-210 in vitro and in vivo improved fibrous cap stability with implications for vascular disease. CONCLUSIONS An unstable carotid plaque at risk of stroke is characterized by low expression of miR-210. miR-210 contributes to stabilizing carotid plaques through inhibition of APC, ensuring smooth muscle cell survival. We present local delivery of miR-210 as a therapeutic approach for prevention of atherothrombotic vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Eken
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Hong Jin
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Yuhuang Li
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Nancy Simon
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Changyan Sun
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Greg Korzunowicz
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Albert Busch
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Alexandra Bäcklund
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Cecilia Österholm
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Thomas Renné
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Hans Henning Eckstein
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Per Eriksson
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - María González Díez
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Ljubica Perisic Matic
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Isabel N Schellinger
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Uwe Raaz
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Göran K Hansson
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Ulf Hedin
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- From the Department of Medicine (S.M.E., H.J., E.C., Y.L., N.S., C.S., G.K., A.B., A.B., P.E., M.G.D., G.K.H., G.P.-B., L.M.) and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (G.K., C.Ö., A.R., T.R., L.P.M., U.H.); Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (C.Ö.); Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.); Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Germany (H.H.E., J.P., L.M.); Heart Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., U.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (N.J.L.).
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Davies AE, Kortright K, Kaplan KB. Adenomatous polyposis coli mutants dominantly activate Hsf1-dependent cell stress pathways through inhibition of microtubule dynamics. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25202-16. [PMID: 26320184 PMCID: PMC4694825 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells up-regulate cell stress pathways, including the protein chaperone Hsp90. Increases in Hsp90 are believed “buffer” mutant protein activities necessary for cancer phenotypes. Activation of the cell stress pathway also alters the transcriptional landscape of cells in ways that are critical for cancer progression. However, it is unclear when and how the cell stress pathway is de-regulated during cancer progression. Here we report that mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) found in colorectal cancer activate cell stress pathways in mouse intestinal crypt cells, prior to loss of heterozygosity at APC or to the appearance of canonical intestinal cancer markers. Hsp90 levels are elevated in normal APC heterozygote crypt cells and further elevated in non-cancer cells adjacent to dysplasias, suggesting that the Hsp90 stress pathway marks the “cancer-field” effect. Expression of mutant APC in normal human epithelial cells is sufficient to activate a cell stress pathway via perturbations in microtubule dynamics. Inhibition of microtubule dynamics is sufficient to activate an Hsf1-dependent increase in gene transcription and protein levels. We suggest that the early activation of this Hsf1 dependent cell stress pathway by mono-allelic mutations in APC can affect cell programming in a way that contributes to cancer onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Davies
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Kortright
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth B Kaplan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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50
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Abstract
Identifying individuals with a genetic predisposition to developing familial colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial to the management of the affected individual and their family. In order to do so, the physician requires an understanding of the different gene mutations and clinical manifestations of familial CRC. This review summarises the genetics, clinical manifestations and management of the known familial CRC syndromes, specifically Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated neoplasia, juvenile polyposis syndrome and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. An individual suspected of having a familial CRC with an underlying genetic predisposition should be referred to a familial cancer centre to enable pre-test counselling and appropriate follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lung
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A H Trainer
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - I Campbell
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Lipton
- Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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