Cytotoxicity, anti-microbial studies of M(II)-dithiocarbamate complexes, and molecular docking study against SARS COV2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Mn(II)Cysteine-Tyrosine Dithiocarbamate Complex for against the Cancer on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

OBJECTIVE

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second cause of death worldwide. The drug often used for chemotherapy is cisplatin. However, the drug cisplatin has a number of problems, including lack of selectivity, undesirable side effects, resistance, and toxicity in the body. So research is carried out on new drug compounds with low toxicity by designing in silico with molecular docking.

METHODS

Mn(II) Cysteine-Tyrosine dithiocarbamate is a new complex molecule whose research involves several steps, such as in-silico molecular docking testing with target proteins, ADMET then synthesis, characterization and in-vitro MCF-7 cells for anticancer drugs. The synthesis process involves the reaction of manganese metal with tyrosine, cysteine, CS2 and KOH. Characterization tests have been carried out including FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, UV Vis, conductivity, melting point and XRD.

RESULT

Confirm the structure of the compound using UV Vis, obtained orbitals π to π* and n to π* in the group N = C = S is represented by the absorption at 400 nm and 600 nm, FT-IR with the results obtained by the functional groups O-H, N-H, C =N and C=S. In vitro test results showed morphological changes (apoptosis) in MCF-7 cancer cells starting from 250 μg/mL and an IC50 value of 416.90 µg/mL. Molecular docking studies of the Mn(II)Cysteine-Tyrosine dithiocarbamate complex were identified with 4,4',4''-[(2R)-butane-1,1,2-triyl]triphenol - Estrogen α which showed an active site with amino acid residues GLU323, GLU385, VAL446, ILE514, TRP360, LYS449, MET388, MET357, PHE445, VAL392 and ILE389. Hydrophobic and hydrophobic bonds are seen in Mn(II)Cysteine-Tyrosine dithiocarbamate - Estrogen α has a bond energy of -77.5372 kJ/mol.

CONCLUSION

Despite having a high H-bond interaction intensity, the chemical does not have a powerful enough anticancer impact. Despite the produced compound's low bioactivity, this study should offer important new understandings into how molecular structure affects anticancer activity.

Cytotoxicity of bismuth(III) dithiocarbamate derivatives by promoting a mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway and suppressing MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell invasion

We previously reported that the bismuth(III) dithiocarbamate derivative, bismuth diethyldithiocarbamate (1) exhibited greater cytotoxicity while inducing apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in MCF-7 cells. We further evaluated the other bismuth(III) dithiocarbamate derivatives, Bi[S2CNR]3, with R = (CH2CH2OH)(iPr), (CH2)4, and (CH2CH2OH)(CH3), denoted as 2, 3, and 4, respectively, in the same MCF-7 cell line. 2-4 were found to exhibit IC50 values of 10.33 ± 0.06 µM, 1.07 ± 0.01 µM and 25.37 ± 0.12 µM, respectively, compared to that of cisplatin at 30.53 ± 0.23 µM. Apoptotic promotion via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway was due to the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), promotion of caspases, release of cytochrome c, fragmentation of DNA, and results of staining assay observed in all compound-treated cells. 2-4 are also capable of suppressing MCF-7 cell invasion and modulate Lys-48 also Lys-63 linked polyubiquitination, leading to proteasomal degradation. Analysis of gene expression via qRT-PCR revealed their modulation, which supported all activities conducted upon treatment with 2-4. Altogether, bismuth dithiocarbamate derivatives, with bismuth(III) as the metal center bound to ligands, isopropyl ethanol, pyrrolidine, and methyl ethanol dithiocarbamate, are potential anti-breast cancer agents that induce apoptosis and suppress metastasis. Further studies using other breast cancer cell lines and in vivo studies are recommended to clarify the anticancer effects of these compounds.

Antiproliferative activity of Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes of dithiocarbamate: synthesis, structural characterization, and thermal studies

Five new metal complexes of Fe(II) (1), Co(II) (2), Ni(II) (3), Cu(II) (4), and Zn(II) (5), derived from an N-cyclohexyl N-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) dithiocarbamate ligand, have been successfully synthesized and fully characterized by different analytical techniques i.e. elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H & 13C NMR, and HRMS. Furthermore, complexes 4 and 5 have been characterized by the SC-XRD technique. Complex 4 adopts a distorted square planar geometry around the Cu(II) center while complex 5 adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the Zn(II) center. In addition, an eight-membered symmetric chair-like metallacycle ring containing two Zn(II) centers has also been found in complex 5. XRD data also show that complexes 4 and 5 are stabilized by various weak intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. The course of the thermal degradation of metal complexes 1-5 has been examined by TG-DTA data which revealed that metal sulphide formed as the final residue. Complexes 1-5 demonstrated concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and growth inhibition of DL tumor cells. Among the compounds, complexes 1, 4, and 5 showed significant cytotoxicity and induced a loss in the viability of DL cells. Therapy with complexes 1, 4, and 5 protects DL tumor-bearing animals from exacerbation of the disease, increases lifespan, and significantly improves the histopathological parameters of the vascularized organ, including preventing metastasis. Overall cytotoxicity assay results indicate that all complexes have remarkable cytotoxic potential in comparison with the free ligand.

Synthesis, crystal structure elucidation, DFT analysis, drug-likeness and ADMET evaluation and molecular docking studies of triazole derivatives: Binary inhibition of spike protein and ACE2 receptor protein of COVID-19

The recent incidence of terrible acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has presently experienced some noteworthy mutations since its discovery in 2019 in Wuhan, China. The present research work focuses on the synthesis of three triazole derivatives (BMTPP, BMTTP, and BMTIP) and their inhibition activities against SARS-Cov-2 spike and ACE2 receptor proteins. The crystal structure for BMTTP was determined by the SCXRD method and optimized geometrical parameters for the three triazole derivatives were obtained by DFT calculations. HOMO-LUMO, Global reactive descriptors [GRD], and Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) investigations exposed that all three compounds have biological properties. The drug-likeness ability of the synthesized compounds was examined using Molinspiration and a pre-ADMET online Server. Further, to explore the binding nature of three synthesized compounds with SARS-Cov-2 spike proteins/ACE2 receptor molecular docking studies were executed. The outcomes we obtained from molecular docking simulation studies suggest that the synthesized triazole derivatives may be well utilized as curing medicines against COVID-19. Ultimately, animal tests and precise clinical tests are required to prove the potent nature of these compounds against COVID-19. Finally, the present outcomes must be proved to utilize in-vitro and in-vivo antiviral methods.

Computational Study of the Phytochemical Constituents from Uncaria tomentosa Stem Bark against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike Protein

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has spread rapidly and is considered the predominant variant in the world, and its main characteristic is related to evade immunity from natural infection or vaccines, due to its multiple mutations in the spike protein. On the other hand, medicinal plants have been used as alternatives therapies to ameliorate some signs and symptoms in COVID-19, and in our previous work, the cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa) stem bark has been studied in vitro and showed antiviral activity on SARS-CoV-2 as well as in silico studies on the 3CLpro protein and as disruptor between the ACE-2 human receptor and the spike protein. The aim in this computational study was to determine the main phytochemical constituents from U. tomentosa stem bark against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein based on molecular modeling. A molecular docking was carried out on the isolated phytochemicals in a previous work against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein-binding domain (PDB ID: 7T9K). Next, a molecular dynamic study was carried out to monitor the stability during the MD simulations. As results proanthocyanidin-C1 (-10.76 kcal/mol), quinovic acid-type 2 (-9.86 kcal/mol), and proanthocyanidin-B2 (-9.82 kcal/mol) were the constituents with the best binding free energy on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein, and the best compound was stable during the dynamic simulation under physiological conditions. It is concluded that the anthocyanidin-based compounds determined in the stem bark ethanol extract could be responsible for the potential antiviral activity on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, and the proanthocyanidin-C1 emerged as a powerful candidate to combat new variants.