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Razzaq I, Xinhua W, Rasool G, Sun T, Shflot AS, Malik MY, Abbas K, Ali S, Ali A. Nanofluids for Advanced Applications: A Comprehensive Review on Preparation Methods, Properties, and Environmental Impact. ACS OMEGA 2025; 10:5251-5282. [PMID: 39989821 PMCID: PMC11840791 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c10143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
Nanofluids, an advanced class of heat transfer fluids, have gained significant attention due to their superior thermophysical properties, making them highly effective for various engineering applications. This review explores the impact of nanoparticle integration on the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and overall heat transfer performance of base fluids, highlighting improvements in systems, such as heat exchangers, electronics cooling, PV/T systems, CSP technologies, and geothermal heat recovery. Key mechanisms such as nanolayer formation, Brownian motion, and nanoparticle aggregation are discussed, with a focus on hybrid nanofluids that show enhanced thermal conductivity. The increase in viscosity poses a trade-off, necessitating careful control of the nanoparticle properties to optimize heat transfer while reducing energy consumption. Empirical data show up to a 123% increase in the convective heat transfer coefficients, demonstrating the tangible benefits of nanofluids in energy efficiency and system miniaturization. The review also considers the environmental impacts of nanofluid use, such as potential toxicity and the challenges of sustainable production and disposal. Future research directions include developing hybrid nanofluids with specific properties, integrating nanofluids with phase change materials, and exploring new nanomaterials such as metal chalcogenides to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of thermal management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzat Razzaq
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wang Xinhua
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O. Box, 1664, Al-Khobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tao Sun
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Abdulsalam Saeed Shflot
- Department
of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King
Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yousaf Malik
- Department
of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King
Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Abbas
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shabir Ali
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing
University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Ferro-Nanofluids for Advanced Technological Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227931. [PMID: 36432031 PMCID: PMC9698664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticle (ION)-based ferro-nanofluids (FNs) have been used for different technological applications owing to their excellent magneto-rheological properties. A comprehensive overview of the current advancement of FNs based on IONs for various engineering applications is unquestionably necessary. Hence, in this review article, various important advanced technological applications of ION-based FNs concerning different engineering fields are critically summarized. The chemical engineering applications are mainly focused on mass transfer processes. Similarly, the electrical and electronics engineering applications are mainly focused on magnetic field sensors, FN-based temperature sensors and tilt sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and on-chip components, actuators, and cooling for electronic devices and photovoltaic thermal systems. On the other hand, environmental engineering applications encompass water and air purification. Moreover, mechanical engineering or magneto-rheological applications include dampers and sealings. This review article provides up-to-date information related to the technological advancements and emerging trends in ION-based FN research concerning various engineering fields, as well as discusses the challenges and future perspectives.
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