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Dikici S, Yar M, Bullock AJ, Shepherd J, Roman S, MacNeil S. Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy- D-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111437. [PMID: 34768868 PMCID: PMC8583821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2-deoxy-D-Ribose (2dDR) was first identified in 1930 in the structure of DNA and discovered as a degradation product of it later when the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase breaks down thymidine into thymine. In 2017, our research group explored the development of wound dressings based on the delivery of this sugar to induce angiogenesis in chronic wounds. In this review, we will survey the small volume of conflicting literature on this and related sugars, some of which are reported to be anti-angiogenic. We review the evidence of 2dDR having the ability to stimulate a range of pro-angiogenic activities in vitro and in a chick pro-angiogenic bioassay and to stimulate new blood vessel formation and wound healing in normal and diabetic rat models. The biological actions of 2dDR were found to be 80 to 100% as effective as VEGF in addition to upregulating the production of VEGF. We then demonstrated the uptake and delivery of the sugar from a range of experimental and commercial dressings. In conclusion, its pro-angiogenic properties combined with its improved stability on storage compared to VEGF, its low cost, and ease of incorporation into a range of established wound dressings make 2dDR an attractive alternative to VEGF for wound dressing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (A.J.B.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Anthony J. Bullock
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (A.J.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Joanna Shepherd
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
| | - Sabiniano Roman
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (A.J.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (A.J.B.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (S.M.)
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Chemotactic effect of mono- and disaccharides on the unicellular Tetrahymena pyriformis. Carbohydr Res 2015; 407:158-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Malik RKJ, Ghurye RR, Lawrence-Watt DJ, Stewart HJS. Galectin-1 stimulates monocyte chemotaxis via the p44/42 MAP kinase pathway and a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. Glycobiology 2009; 19:1402-7. [PMID: 19561030 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1, the prototype of a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins, has been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes. Data presented herein show that galectin-1 stimulates monocyte migration in a dose-dependent manner but is not chemotactic for macrophages. Galectin-1-induced monocyte chemotaxis is blocked by lactose and inhibited by an anti-galectin-1 antibody but not by nonspecific antibodies. Furthermore, galectin-1-mediated monocyte migration was significantly inhibited by MEK inhibitors in a rapid, time-dependent manner suggesting that MAP kinase pathways are involved in galectin-1. Migration was also almost completely blocked by pertussis toxin implying G-protein involvement in the galectin-1-induced chemotaxis. These results demonstrate a role for galectin-1 in monocyte chemotaxis which differs from galectin-3 in that macrophages are nonresponsive. Furthermore, our observations suggest that galectin-1 may be involved in chemoattraction at sites of inflammation in vivo and may contribute to disease processes such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshad K J Malik
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK
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Miszczak-Zaborska E, Kubiak R, Bieńkiewicz A, Bartkowiak J. The cytosol activity of thymidine phosphorylase in endometrial cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2008; 27:64. [PMID: 18986516 PMCID: PMC2588563 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-27-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is identical with platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) which promotes angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytosol activity of TP in tumor samples from patients with endometrial cancer. METHODS The activity of TP was measured by the spectrophotometric method in the cytosol of endometrial tumor samples from 43 patients. Moreover, the expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase (PD-ECGF/TP) protein and microvessel density (MD) were examined in the same endometrial tumor samples by immunohistochemical staining. Normal endometrium from 16 women, treated surgically due to nononcological reasons served as a control.A relationship between the cytosol TP activity, PD-ECGF/TP protein expression, MD and clinicopathologic features was investigated. RESULTS A significantly higher the cytosol TP activity, PD-ECGF/TP protein expression and MD was stated in malignant tumor samples when compared to the control (samples of normal endometrium). A positive statistically significant correlation between the cytosol enzyme activity and PD-ECGF/TP protein expression and MD was found, but weaker from the remaining ones between PD-ECGF/TP protein expression and MD was observed.Besides no correlation between the cytosol TP activity, PD-ECGF/TP protein expression as well as MD and grading or histopatological type of endometrial cancer was stated. CONCLUSION The cytosol TP activity in endometrial cancer is significantly higher than in normal endometrium, with no relation as to the stage and grade of tumors, but correlates with the PD-ECGF/TP protein expression and MD may therefore be associated with favorable prognosis in patients treated with chemo- or radiotherapy after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Miszczak-Zaborska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Kubiak
- Department of Tumour Pathology and Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Paderewskiego Street 4, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bieńkiewicz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Paderewskiego Street 4, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Bartkowiak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Wu KY, Hong SJ, Wang HZ. Effects of antiglaucoma drugs on calcium mobility in cultured corneal endothelial cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2006; 22:60-7. [PMID: 16568722 DOI: 10.1016/s1607-551x(09)70222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of various antiglaucoma drugs including betaxolol, timolol, levobunolol, brimonidine, carteolol, dipivefrin, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, latanoprost, unoprostone, and pilocarpine on intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) mobility in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells. Various antiglaucoma drugs were diluted from original concentrations to 1/ 100, 1/ 1,000, and 1/ 10,000. The [Ca2+] mobility was studied by spectrofluorophotometry after loading with the ester of fura-2 (fura-2/AM). It was found that timolol (58 microM and 5.8 microM), levobunolol (171 microM, 17.1 microM, and 1.71 microM), betaxolol (162 microM, 16.2 microM, and 1.62 microM), carteolol (680 microM and 68 microM), dipivefrin (28 microM and 2.8 microM), dorzolamide (616 microM and 61.6 microM), brinzolamide (260 microM), latanoprost (1.1 microM), unoprostone (28.2 microM, 2.82 microM, and 0.282 microM), and pilocarpine (408 micro and 40.8 microM) induced a significant increase in [Ca2+]i. Nevertheless, only brimonidine (68 microM and 6.8 microM) decreased [Ca2+]i concentration significantly. Benzalkonium chloride preservative did not affect [Ca2+]i after addition of 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.00001 mg/mL to cells. These results indicate that all antiglaucoma drugs may affect the physiologic function of corneal endothelial cells through change of [Ca2+]i mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwou-Yeung Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen JQ, Contreras RG, Wang R, Fernandez SV, Shoshani L, Russo IH, Cereijido M, Russo J. Sodium/potasium ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase) and ouabain/related cardiac glycosides: a new paradigm for development of anti- breast cancer drugs? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 96:1-15. [PMID: 16322895 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-005-9053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to 17beta-estradiol (E2) is a key etiological factor for human breast cancer. The biological effects and carcinogenic effects of E2 are mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs), ERalpha and ERbeta. Anti-estrogens, e.g. tamoxifen, and aromatase inhibitors have been used to treat ER-positive breast cancer. While anti-estrogen therapy is initially successful, a major problem is that most tumors develop resistance and the disease ultimately progresses, pointing to the need of developing alternative drugs targeting to other critical targets in breast cancer cells. We have identified that Na+, K+-ATPase, a plasma membrane ion pump, has unique/valuable properties that could be used as a potentially important target for breast cancer treatment: (a) it is a key player of cell adhesion and is involved in cancer progression; (b) it serves as a versatile signal transducer and is a target for a number of hormones including estrogens and (d) its aberrant expression and activity are implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer. There are several lines of evidence indicating that ouabain and related digitalis (the potent inhibitors of Na+, K+-ATPase) possess potent anti-breast cancer activity. While it is not clear how the suggested anti-cancer activity of these drugs work, several observations point to ouabain and digitalis as being potential ER antagonists. We critically reviewed many lines of evidence and postulated a novel concept that Na+, K+-ATPase in combination with ERs could be important targets of anti-breast cancer drugs. Modulators, e.g. ouabain and related digitalis could be useful to develop valuable anti-breast cancer drugs as both Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitors and ER antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiang Chen
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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Nakajima Y, Gotanda T, Uchimiya H, Furukawa T, Haraguchi M, Ikeda R, Sumizawa T, Yoshida H, Akiyama SI. Inhibition of metastasis of tumor cells overexpressing thymidine phosphorylase by 2-deoxy-L-ribose. Cancer Res 2004; 64:1794-801. [PMID: 14996742 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) catalyzes the reversible conversion of thymidine to thymine, thereby generating 2-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate, which upon dephosphorylation forms 2-deoxy-D-ribose (D-dRib), a degradation product of thymidine. We have previously shown that D-dRib promotes angiogenesis and chemotaxis of endothelial cells and also confers resistance to hypoxia-induced apoptosis in some cancer cell lines. 2-Deoxy-L-ribose (L-dRib), a stereoisomer of D-dRib, can inhibit D-dRib anti-apoptotic effects and suppressed the growth of KB cells overexpressing TP (KB/TP cells) transplanted into nude mice. In this study, we examined the ability of L-dRib to suppress metastasis of KB/TP cells using two different models of metastasis. The antimetastatic effect of L-dRib was first investigated in a liver-metastasis model in nude mice inoculated with KB/TP cells. Oral administration of L-dRib for 28 days at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day significantly reduced the number of metastatic nodules in the liver and suppressed angiogenesis and enhanced apoptosis in KB/TP metastatic nodules. Next, we compared the ability of L-dRib and tegafur alone or in combination to decrease the number of metastatic nodules in organs in the abdominal cavity in nude mice receiving s.c. of KB/TP cells into their backs. L-dRib (20 mg/kg/day) was significantly (P < 0.05) more efficient than tegafur (100 mg/kg/day) in decreasing the number of metastatic nodules in organs in the abdominal cavity. By in vitro invasion assay, L-dRib also reduced the number of invading KB/TP cells. L-dRib anti-invasive activity may be mediated by its ability to suppress the enhancing effect of TP and D-dRib on both mRNA and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 in cultured KB cells. These findings suggest that L-dRib may be useful in a clinical setting for the suppression of metastasis of tumor cells expressing TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima Japan
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Sengupta S, Sellers LA, Matheson HB, Fan TPD. Thymidine phosphorylase induces angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro: an evaluation of possible mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 139:219-31. [PMID: 12770927 PMCID: PMC1573835 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1 Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is elevated in the plasma of cancer patients, and has been implicated in pathophysiological angiogenesis. However, the downstream signals underlying this implication remain obscure. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of TP on the neovascularisation response in vitro and in vivo. 2 Both TP and its catalytic product, 2-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate, and downstream 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2-DDR) promoted endothelial tubulogenesis in vitro, and the regeneration of a wounded monolayer of endothelial cells without exerting any mitogenic effect. In vivo, both TP and 2-DDR promoted the development of functional vasculature into an avascular sponge. A TP inhibitor, 6-amino-5-chlorouracil, was able to partially reverse the effects of TP, but had no effect on the 2-DDR-induced angiogenesis. 3 Enhanced monolayer regeneration was observed with TP-cDNA-transfected bladder carcinoma cells. The transfection of TP-cDNA, however, did not confer any proliferative advantage. The regeneration of TP overexpressing cells was associated with a time-dependent expression of the enzyme haeme-oxygenase (HO-1). 4 The present study demonstrates that both TP and its ribose-sugar metabolites induce angiogenesis by mediating a cohesive interplay between carcinoma and endothelial cells. The induction of HO-1 in TP-transfected cells suggests that it could be a possible downstream signal for the angiogenic effects of TP. Furthermore, reducing sugars have been shown to induce oxidative stress, and ribose could be a possible cause for the upregulation of HO-1, which has been implicated in the release of angiogenic factors. Therefore, we postulate that 2-DDR could be mediating the angiogenic effects of TP possibly through an oxidative stress mechanism and additionally getting integrated in the endothelial metabolic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiladitya Sengupta
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD
| | - Lynda A Sellers
- Glaxo Institute of Applied Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD
| | - Hugh B Matheson
- TCS CellWorks Ltd, Park Leys, Botolph Claydon, Buckingham MK18 2LR
| | - Tai-Ping D Fan
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD
- Author for correspondence:
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is the term used to describe the formation of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature. In order to attract new vessels, a tissue must release an endothelial-cell chemoattractant. 2-Deoxy-D-ribose is produced in vivo by the catalytic action of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) on thymidine and has recently been identified as an endothelial-cell chemoattractant and angiogenesis-inducing factor. TP, previously known only for its role in nucleotide salvage, is now known to be angiogenic. TP expression is elevated in many solid tumours and in chronically inflamed tissues, both known areas of active angiogenesis. There is evidence that TP is also involved in physiological angiogenesis such as endometrial angiogenesis during the menstrual cycle. The majority of known endothelial-cell chemoattractants are polypeptides that bind to endothelial-cell-surface receptors. In contrast, 2-deoxy-D-ribose appears to lack a cell-surface receptor. Glucose is another sugar that acts as an endothelial-cell chemoattractant. The migratory activity of glucose is blocked by ouabain. It is possible that 2-deoxy-D-ribose and glucose stimulate endothelial-cell migration via a similar mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Brown
- Molecular Angiogenesis Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, U.K
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