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Liao X, Yan F, Hu S, Mu J, Li S, He Y, Tang M, Chen J, Yu L, Sun J. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell sheets-derived extracellular vesicles-microRNA-10b promote skin wound healing by elevating expression of CDK6. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212781. [PMID: 35929331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in skin wound healing has been documented. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of AMSCs-derived EVs in skin wound healing through delivery of microRNA-10b (miR-10b). HaCaT cells were treated with H2O2 to establish the skin wound cell models. Next, the binding affinity between miR-194, PEA15, and CDK6 was identified. Additionally, EVs were isolated from the culture medium of AMSC sheets, followed by incubation with H2O2-treated HaCaT cells to detect cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis using gain- or loss-of-function experiments. Lastly, the mice skin wound models were also established to assess skin wound healing ability. miR-10b was down-regulated in the skin trauma models and enriched in the EVs of AMSC sheets. Moreover, miR-10b derived from EVs targeted PEA15 to promote CDK6 expression, thereby stimulating the proliferation and migration of H2O2-damaged HaCaT cells but inhibiting apoptosis. In vivo experiments further ascertained the therapeutic functionality of AMSC sheets-derived EVs-miR-10b. In summary, AMSC sheets-derived EVs carrying miR-10b promoted CDK6 expression to intensify skin wound healing by regulating PEA15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liao
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Sean Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Jing Mu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Siqiaozhi Li
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Yixuan He
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Manshu Tang
- Shenzhen Toyon Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Jia Sun
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen 518057, PR China.
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A Clue on the Skin: A Systematic Review on Immunohistochemical Analyses of the Ligature Mark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042035. [PMID: 35206225 PMCID: PMC8871640 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A ligature mark is a common injury in cases of hanging or strangulation. Estimation of age and vitality of the ligature mark can be crucial for differentiating antemortem and postmortem wounds and to distinguish between simulated suicidal hanging or accidental strangulation to conceal a crime and not simulated events. The immunohistochemistry has been recommended by several Authors as a reliable tool to determine whether an injury was sustained during life or not. Unfortunately, no general agreement on the immunohistochemical markers to be used has been found among the scientific community. The aim of the study was to detect the type and function of the immunohistochemical markers useful in the assessment of the vitality and age of the ligature marks for routine diagnostics. METHODS Papers available on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were reviewed according to the PRISMA statement. RESULTS Only eight papers satisfied all the following inclusion criteria: full texts in English dealing with human ligature marks and immunohistochemistry published on impacted or indexed scientific journals. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of the vitality of a ligature mark is still a challenging topic in forensic science. Under ideal conditions and in compliance with autopsy protocols, the diagnosis of death by hanging or strangulation on fresh bodies can be better supported by autopsy findings other than a ligature mark. The validation of immunohistochemical markers on large series could be of help in doubtful cases and differential diagnoses.
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PEA15 loss of function and defective cerebral development in the domestic cat. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008671. [PMID: 33290415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cortical size and organization are critical features of neurodevelopment and human evolution, for which genetic investigation in model organisms can provide insight into developmental mechanisms and the causes of cerebral malformations. However, some abnormalities in cerebral cortical proliferation and folding are challenging to study in laboratory mice due to the absence of gyri and sulci in rodents. We report an autosomal recessive allele in domestic cats associated with impaired cerebral cortical expansion and folding, giving rise to a smooth, lissencephalic brain, and that appears to be caused by homozygosity for a frameshift in PEA15 (phosphoprotein expressed in astrocytes-15). Notably, previous studies of a Pea15 targeted mutation in mice did not reveal structural brain abnormalities. Affected cats, however, present with a non-progressive hypermetric gait and tremors, develop dissociative behavioral defects and aggression with age, and exhibit profound malformation of the cerebrum, with a 45% average decrease in overall brain weight, and reduction or absence of the ectosylvian, sylvian and anterior cingulate gyrus. Histologically, the cerebral cortical layers are disorganized, there is substantial loss of white matter in tracts such as the corona radiata and internal capsule, but the cerebellum is relatively spared. RNA-seq and immunohistochemical analysis reveal astrocytosis. Fibroblasts cultured from affected cats exhibit increased TNFα-mediated apoptosis, and increased FGFb-induced proliferation, consistent with previous studies implicating PEA15 as an intracellular adapter protein, and suggesting an underlying pathophysiology in which increased death of neurons accompanied by increased proliferation of astrocytes gives rise to abnormal organization of neuronal layers and loss of white matter. Taken together, our work points to a new role for PEA15 in development of a complex cerebral cortex that is only apparent in gyrencephalic species.
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Mansueto G, Costa D, Capasso E, Varavallo F, Brunitto G, Caserta R, Esposito S, Niola M, Sardu C, Marfella R, Napoli C, Paternoster M. The dating of thrombus organization in cases of pulmonary embolism: an autopsy study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:250. [PMID: 31703628 PMCID: PMC6839118 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated to high mortality rate worldwide. However, the diagnosis of PE often results inaccurate. Many cases of PE are incorrectly diagnosed or missed and they are often associated to sudden unexpected death (SUD). In forensic practice, it is important to establish the time of thrombus formation in order to determine the precise moment of death. The autopsy remains the gold standard method for the identification of death cause allowing the determination of discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses. The aim of our study was to verify the morphological and histological criteria of fatal cases of PE and evaluate the dating of thrombus formation considering 5 ranges of time. Methods Pulmonary vessels sections were collected from January 2010 to December 2017. Sections of thrombus sampling were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The content of infiltrated cells, fibroblasts and collagen fibers were scored using a semi-quantitative three-point scale of range values. Results The 30 autopsies included 19 males (63.3%) and 11 females (36.7%) with an average age of 64.5 ± 12.3 years. The time intervals were as follows: early (≤1 h), recent (> 1 h to 24 h), recent-medium (> 24 h to 48 h), medium (> 48 h to 72 h) and old (> 72 h). In the first hour, we histologically observed the presence of platelet aggregation by immunofluorescence method for factor VIII and fibrinogen. The presence of lymphocytes has been identified from recent thrombus (> 1 h to 24 h) and the fibroblast cells were peripherally located in vascular tissue between 48 and 72 h, whereas they resulted central and copious after 72 h. Conclusions After a macroscopic observation and a good sampling traditional histology, it is important to identify the time of thrombus formation. We identified histologically a range of time in the physiopathology of the thrombus (early, recent, recent-medium, medium, old), allowing to determine the dating of thrombus formation and the exact time of death. Clinical trial number NCT03887819. Trial registration The trial registry is Cliniclatrials.gov, with the unique identifying number NCT03887819. The date of registration was 03/23/2019 and it was “Retrospectively registered”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelsomina Mansueto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Legal Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Costa
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Capasso
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Legal Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosanna Caserta
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy, Aversa Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Niola
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Legal Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2 -, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 2 -, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Paternoster
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Legal Medicine Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Chung HH, Bellefeuille SD, Miller HN, Gaborski TR. Extended live-tracking and quantitative characterization of wound healing and cell migration with SiR-Hoechst. Exp Cell Res 2018; 373:198-210. [PMID: 30399373 PMCID: PMC6327846 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential to many life processes, including immune response, tissue repair, and cancer progression. A reliable quantitative characterization of the cell migration can therefore aid in the high throughput screening of drug efficacy in wound healing and cancer treatments. In this work, we report what we believe is the first use of SiR-Hoechst for extended live tracking and automated analysis of cell migration and wound healing. We showed through rigorous statistical comparisons that this far-red label does not affect migratory behavior. We observed excellent automated tracking of random cell migration, in which the motility parameters (speed, displacement, path length, directionality ratio, persistence time, and direction autocorrelation) obtained closely match those obtained from manual tracking. We also present an analysis framework to characterize the healing of a scratch wound from the perspective of single cells. The use of SiR-Hoechst is advantageous for the crowded environments in wound healing assays because as long as cell nuclei do not overlap, continuous tracking can be maintained even if there is cell-cell contact. In this paper, we report wound recovery based on the number of cells migrating into the wound over time, normalized by the initial cell count prior to the infliction of the wound. This normalized cell count approach is impervious to operator bias during the arbitration of wound edges and is also robust against variability that arises due to differences in the cell density of different samples. Additional wound healing characteristics were also defined based on the evolution of cell speed and directionality during healing. Not unexpected, the wound healing cells exhibited much higher tendency to maintain the same migratory direction in comparison to the randomly migrating cells. The use of SiR-Hoechst thus greatly simplified the automation of single cell and whole population analysis with high spatial and temporal resolution over extended periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Chung
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Sean D Bellefeuille
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Hayley N Miller
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, United States
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, United States.
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D'Esposito V, Liguoro D, Ambrosio MR, Collina F, Cantile M, Spinelli R, Raciti GA, Miele C, Valentino R, Campiglia P, De Laurentiis M, Di Bonito M, Botti G, Franco R, Beguinot F, Formisano P. Adipose microenvironment promotes triple negative breast cancer cell invasiveness and dissemination by producing CCL5. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24495-509. [PMID: 27027351 PMCID: PMC5029717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that adiposity is associated with raised cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality. In a subset of tumors, cancer cell growth and/or metastasis predominantly occur in adipocyte-rich microenvironment. Indeed, adipocytes represent the most abundant cell types surrounding breast cancer cells. We have studied the mechanisms by which peritumoral human adipose tissue contributes to Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell invasiveness and dissemination. Co-culture with human adipocytes enhanced MDA-MB231 cancer cell invasiveness. Adipocytes cultured in high glucose were 2-fold more active in promoting cell invasion and motility compared to those cultured in low glucose. This effect is induced, at least in part, by the CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5). Indeed, CCL5 inhibition by specific peptides and antibodies reduced adipocyte-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion. CCL5 immuno-detection in peritumoral adipose tissue of women with TNBC correlated with lymph node (p-value = 0.04) and distant metastases (p-value = 0.001). A positive trend was also observed between CCL5 expression and glycaemia. Finally, Kaplan-Meier curves showed a negative correlation between CCL5 staining in the peritumoral adipose tissue and overall survival of patients (p-value = 0.039). Thus, inhibition of CCL5 in adipose microenvironment may represent a novel approach for the therapy of highly malignant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria D'Esposito
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Liguoro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Collina
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Valentino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Department of Breast Surgery and Cancer Prevention; National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Bonito
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, National Institute of Tumors, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples and URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Zima A, Czechowska J, Siek D, Olkowski R, Noga M, Lewandowska-Szumieł M, Ślósarczyk A. How calcite and modified hydroxyapatite influence physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of alpha-TCP based bone cements. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:117. [PMID: 28681217 PMCID: PMC5498620 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays successful regeneration of damaged bone tissue is a major problem of the reconstructive medicine and tissue engineering. Recently a great deal of attention has been focused on calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) as the effective bone fillers. Despite a number of studies regarding CPCs, only a few compare the physicochemical and biological properties of α-TCP based materials of various phase compositions. In our study we compared the effect of several components (calcite, hydroxyapatite doped with Mg2+, CO32- or Ag+ ions, alginate, chitosan and methylcellulose) on the physicochemical and biological properties of α-TCP-based bone cements. The influence of materials composition on their setting times, microstructure and biochemical stability in simulated body fluid was determined. A number of in vitro laboratory methods, including ICP-OES, metabolic activity test, time-lapse microscopic observation and SEM observations were performed in order to assess biocompatibility of the studied biomaterials. The positive outcome of XTT tests for ceramic extracts demonstrated that all investigated cement-type composites may be considered cytocompatible according to ISO 10993-5 standard. Results of our research indicate that multiphase cements containing MgCHA, AgHA and calcite combined with αTCP enhanced cell viability in comparison to material based only on αTCP. Furthermore materials containing chitosan and methylcellulose possessed higher cytocompatibility than those with alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Zima
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Czechowska
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Siek
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Radosław Olkowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego St., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego St., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Noga
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego St., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lewandowska-Szumieł
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego St., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ślósarczyk
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Kryczka J, Przygodzka P, Bogusz H, Boncela J. HMEC-1 adopt the mixed amoeboid-mesenchymal migration type during EndMT. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:289-300. [PMID: 28487031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of endothelial cells to scar and fibrotic tissue formation is undisputedly connected to their ability to undergo the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) towards fibroblast phenotype-resembling cells. The migration model of fibroblasts and fibroblast-resembling cells is still not fully understood. It may be either a Rho/ROCK-independent, an integrin- and MMP-correlated ECM degradation-dependent, a mesenchymal model or Rho/ROCK-dependent, integrin adhesion- and MMP activity-independent, an amoeboid model. Here, we hypothesized that microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) undergoing EndMT adopt an intermediate state of drifting migration model between the mesenchymal and amoeboid protrusive types in the early stages of fibrosis. We characterized the response of HMEC-1 to TGF-β2, a well-known mediator of EndMT within the microvasculature. We observed that TGF-β2 induces up to an intermediate mesenchymal phenotype in HMEC-1. In parallel, MMP-2 is upregulated and is responsible for most proteolytic activity. Interestingly, the migration of HMEC-1 undergoing EndMT is dependent on both ECM degradation and invadosome formation associated with MMP-2 proteolytic activity and Rho/ROCK cytoskeleton contraction. In conclusion, the transition from mesenchymal towards amoeboid movement highlights a molecular plasticity mechanism in endothelial cell migration in skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kryczka
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93232 Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Helena Bogusz
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93232 Lodz, Poland.
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Inhibition of miR-155 Protects Against LPS-induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e374. [PMID: 27727247 PMCID: PMC5095684 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction represents a major cause of death in intensive care units. Dysregulated microRNAs (miR)-155 has been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases and miR-155 can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the role of miR-155 in LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction is unclear. Septic cardiac dysfunction in mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5 mg/kg) and miR-155 was found to be significantly increased in heart challenged with LPS. Pharmacological inhibition of miR-155 using antagomiR improved cardiac function and suppressed cardiac apoptosis induced by LPS in mice as determined by echocardiography, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and Western blot for Bax and Bcl-2, while overexpression of miR-155 using agomiR had inverse effects. Pea15a was identified as a target gene of miR-155, mediating its effects in controlling apoptosis of cardiomyocytes as evidenced by luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and TUNEL staining. Noteworthy, miR-155 was also found to be upregulated in the plasma of patients with septic cardiac dysfunction compared to sepsis patients without cardiac dysfunction, indicating a potential clinical relevance of miR-155. The receiver-operator characteristic curve indicated that plasma miR-155 might be a biomarker for sepsis patients developing cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, inhibition of miR-155 represents a novel therapy for septic myocardial dysfunction.
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Ascione F, Vasaturo A, Caserta S, D'Esposito V, Formisano P, Guido S. Comparison between fibroblast wound healing and cell random migration assays in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:123-132. [PMID: 27475838 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration plays a key role in many biological processes, including cancer growth and invasion, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and tissue repair. In this work, we compare two well-established experimental approaches for the investigation of cell motility in vitro: the cell random migration (CRM) and the wound healing (WH) assay. In the former, extensive tracking of individual live cells trajectories by time-lapse microscopy and elaborate data processing are used to calculate two intrinsic motility parameters of the cell population under investigation, i.e. the diffusion coefficient and the persistence time. In the WH assay, a scratch is made in a confluent cell monolayer and the closure time of the exposed area is taken as an easy-to-measure, empirical estimate of cell migration. To compare WH and CRM we applied the two assays to investigate the motility of skin fibroblasts isolated from wild type and transgenic mice (TgPED) overexpressing the protein PED/PEA-15, which is highly expressed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our main result is that the cell motility parameters derived from CRM can be also estimated from a time-resolved analysis of the WH assay, thus showing that the latter is also amenable to a quantitative analysis for the characterization of cell migration. To our knowledge this is the first quantitative comparison of these two widely used techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ascione
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Vasaturo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DISMET), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DISMET), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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Léguillier T, Lecsö-Bornet M, Lémus C, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Lebouvier N, Hnawia E, Nour M, Aalbersberg W, Ghazi K, Raharivelomanana P, Rat P. The Wound Healing and Antibacterial Activity of Five Ethnomedical Calophyllum inophyllum Oils: An Alternative Therapeutic Strategy to Treat Infected Wounds. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138602. [PMID: 26406588 PMCID: PMC4583440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Calophyllaceae) is an evergreen tree ethno-medically used along the seashores and islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, especially in Polynesia. Oil extracted from the seeds is traditionally used topically to treat a wide range of skin injuries from burn, scar and infected wounds to skin diseases such as dermatosis, urticaria and eczema. However, very few scientific studies reported and quantified the therapeutic properties of Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CIO). In this work, five CIO from Indonesia (CIO1), Tahiti (CIO2, 3), Fiji islands (CIO4) and New Caledonia (CIO5) were studied and their cytotoxic, wound healing, and antibacterial properties were presented in order to provide a scientific support to their traditional use and verify their safety. METHODS The safety of the five CIO was ascertained using the Alamar blue assay on human keratinocyte cells. CIO wound healing properties were determined using the scratch test assay on human keratinocyte cells. CIO-stimulated antibacterial innate immune response was evaluated using ELISA by measuring β defensin-2 release in human derivative macrophage cells. CIO antibacterial activity was tested using oilogramme against twenty aerobic Gram- bacteria species, twenty aerobic Gram+ bacteria species, including a multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain and two anaerobic Gram+ bacteria species e.g. Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum. To detect polarity profile of the components responsible of the antibacterial activity, we performed bioautography against a Staphylococcus aureus strain. RESULTS Based on Alamar Blue assay, we showed that CIO can be safely used on keratinocyte cells between 2.7% and 11.2% depending on CIO origin. Concerning the healing activity, all the CIO tested accelerated in vitro wound closure, the healing factor being 1.3 to 2.1 higher compared to control when keratinocytes were incubated after scratch with CIO at 0.1%. Furthermore, our results showed that CIO exhibit two distinct antibacterial effects: one against Gram+ bacteria by direct inhibition of mitotic growth and another potent effect against Gram- bacteria due to increased release of β-defensin 2 peptide by macrophages. Interestingly, the needed concentrations of CIO to inhibit bacteria growth and to promote wound healing are lower than concentrations exhibiting cytotoxic effects on keratinocyte cells. Finally, we performed bioautography assay against Staphylococcus aureus to determine polarity profile of the components responsible for CIO antibacterial activity. Our results showed for the five tested CIO that components responsible of the bacterial growth inhibition are the more polar one on the TLC chromatographic profile and are contained in the resinous fraction of the oil. CONCLUSIONS This study was conducted to evaluate cytotoxicity, wound healing and antibacterial properties of five CIO traditionally used to treat infected wounds. Using cell and bacteria cultures, we confirmed the pharmacological effects of CIO as wound healing and antimicrobial agent. Moreover, we showed that concentration of CIO needed to exhibit therapeutic effects are lower than concentrations exhibiting cytotoxic effects in vitro. For the first time, this study provides support for traditional uses of CIO. These wound healing and antibiotic properties make CIO a valuable candidate to treat infected wounds especially in tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Léguillier
- Laboratoire Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire-UMR CNRS COMETE 8638, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Marylin Lecsö-Bornet
- Laboratoire Ecosystème Intestinal, Probiotiques, Antibiotiques-EA 4065, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lémus
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie-UMR CNRS COMETE 8638, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Lebouvier
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement-EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, Nouvelle Calédonie, France
| | - Edouard Hnawia
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement-EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, Nouvelle Calédonie, France
| | - Mohammed Nour
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement-EA 4243, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, Nouvelle Calédonie, France
| | - William Aalbersberg
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji
| | - Kamelia Ghazi
- Centre de recherche de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie-CNRS UMR 7338, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Phila Raharivelomanana
- Equipe Etude Intégrée des Métabolites Secondaires-UMR 241 EIO, Université de la Polynésie Française, Tahiti, FAA'A, Polynésie Française
| | - Patrice Rat
- Laboratoire Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire-UMR CNRS COMETE 8638, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
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On the Quest of Cellular Functions of PEA-15 and the Therapeutic Opportunities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:455-73. [PMID: 26263999 PMCID: PMC4588177 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes, 15 KDa (PEA-15), a ubiquitously expressed small protein in all mammals, is known for decades for its potent interactions with various protein partners along distinct biological pathways. Most notable interacting partners of PEA-15 include extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein involving in the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), and the phospholipase D1 (PLD1) affecting the insulin sensitivity. However, the actual cellular functions of PEA-15 are still mysterious, and the question why this protein is expressed in almost all cell and tissue types remains unanswered. Here we synthesize the most recent structural, biological, and clinical studies on PEA-15 with emphases on its anti-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammative properties, and propose a converged protective role of PEA-15 that maintains the balance of death and survival in different cell types. Under conditions that this delicate balance is unsustainable, PEA-15 may become pathological and lead to various diseases, including cancers and diabetes. Targeting PEA-15 interactions, or the use of PEA-15 protein as therapeutics, may provide a wider window of opportunities to treat these diseases.
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Fronza M, Caetano GF, Leite MN, Bitencourt CS, Paula-Silva FWG, Andrade TAM, Frade MAC, Merfort I, Faccioli LH. Hyaluronidase modulates inflammatory response and accelerates the cutaneous wound healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112297. [PMID: 25393024 PMCID: PMC4230982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidases are enzymes that degrade hyaluronan an important constituent of the extracellular matrix. They have been used as a spreading agent, improving the absorption of drugs and facilitating the subcutaneous infusion of fluids. Here, we investigated the influence of bovine testes hyaluronidase (HYAL) during cutaneous wound healing in in vitro and in vivo assays. We demonstrated in the wound scratch assay that HYAL increased the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro at low concentration, e.g. 0.1 U HYAL enhanced the cell number by 20%. HYAL presented faster and higher reepithelialization in in vivo full-thickness excisional wounds generated on adult Wistar rats back skin already in the early phase at 2nd day post operatory compared to vehicle-control group. Wound closured area observed in the 16 U and 32 U HYAL treated rats reached 38% and 46% compared to 19% in the controls, respectively. Histological and biochemical analyses supported the clinical observations and showed that HYAL treated wounds exhibited increased granulation tissue, diminished edema formation and regulated the inflammatory response by modulating the release of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factor and eicosanoids mediators. Moreover, HYAL increased gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) γ and PPAR β/δ, the collagen content in the early stages of healing processes as well as angiogenesis. Altogether these data revealed that HYAL accelerates wound healing processes and might be beneficial for treating wound disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Fronza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade de Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F. Caetano
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel N. Leite
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia S. Bitencourt
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco W. G. Paula-Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago A. M. Andrade
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A. C. Frade
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Divisão de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lúcia H. Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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NGF accelerates cutaneous wound healing by promoting the migration of dermal fibroblasts via the PI3K/Akt-Rac1-JNK and ERK pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:547187. [PMID: 25006578 PMCID: PMC4055427 DOI: 10.1155/2014/547187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As a well-known neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor (NGF) has also been extensively recognized for its acceleration of healing in cutaneous wounds in both animal models and randomized clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanisms accounting for the therapeutic effect of NGF on skin wounds are not fully understood. NGF treatment significantly accelerated the rate of wound healing by promoting wound reepithelialization, the formation of granulation tissue, and collagen production. To explore the possible mechanisms of this process, the expression levels of CD68, VEGF, PCNA, and TGF-β1 in wounds were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The levels of these proteins were all significantly raised in NGF-treated wounds compared to untreated controls. NGF also significantly promoted the migration, but not the proliferation, of dermal fibroblasts. NGF induced a remarkable increase in the activity of PI3K/Akt, JNK, ERK, and Rac1, and blockade with their specific inhibitors significantly impaired the NGF-induced migration. In conclusion, NGF significantly accelerated the healing of skin excisional wounds in rats and the fibroblast migration induced by NGF may contribute to this healing process. The activation of PI3K/Akt, Rac1, JNK, and ERK were all involved in the regulation of NGF-induced fibroblast migration.
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Greig FH, Nixon GF. Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA)-15: a potential therapeutic target in multiple disease states. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:265-74. [PMID: 24657708 PMCID: PMC4127788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes-15 (PEA-15) is a cytoplasmic protein that sits at an important junction in intracellular signalling and can regulate diverse cellular processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis, dependent upon stimulation. Regulation of these processes occurs by virtue of the unique interaction of PEA-15 with other signalling proteins. PEA-15 acts as a cytoplasmic tether for the mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) preventing nuclear localisation. In order to release ERK1/2, PEA-15 requires to be phosphorylated via several potential pathways. PEA-15 (and its phosphorylation state) therefore regulates many ERK1/2-dependent processes, including proliferation, via regulating ERK1/2 nuclear translocation. In addition, PEA-15 contains a death effector domain (DED) which allows interaction with other DED-containing proteins. PEA-15 can bind the DED-containing apoptotic adaptor molecule, Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) which is also dependent on the phosphorylation status of PEA-15. PEA-15 binding of FADD can inhibit apoptosis as bound FADD cannot participate in the assembly of apoptotic signalling complexes. Through these protein–protein interactions, PEA-15-regulated cellular effects have now been investigated in a number of disease-related studies. Changes in PEA-15 expression and regulation have been observed in diabetes mellitus, cancer, neurological disorders and the cardiovascular system. These changes have been suggested to contribute to the pathology related to each of these disease states. As such, new therapeutic targets based around PEA-15 and its associated interactions are now being uncovered and could provide novel avenues for treatment strategies in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Greig
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graeme F Nixon
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Caserta S, Campello S, Tomaiuolo G, Sabetta L, Guido S. A methodology to study chemotaxis in 3-D collagen gels. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Campello
- Dept. of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia; 00143; Rome; Italy
| | | | - Luigi Sabetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II; P.le V. Tecchio 80; 80125; Naples; Italy
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Roncoroni L, Elli L, Bardella MT, Perrucci G, Ciulla M, Lombardo V, Tomba C, Conte D, Doneda L. Extracellular matrix proteins and displacement of cultured fibroblasts from duodenal biopsies in celiac patients and controls. J Transl Med 2013; 11:91. [PMID: 23566365 PMCID: PMC3637115 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is mainly characterised by villous atrophy and mucosal architectural rearrangement. The fibroblasts (FBs) are the most abundant mesenchymal cell type in the intestinal mucosa and are responsible for both the architectural arrangement of the villi and the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study aimed at the evaluation of both the intracellular distribution of different proteins involved in ECM and FBs characterisation, and the cellular displacement of primary FBs obtained from duodenal endoscopic biopsies of healthy subjects and celiac patients. METHODS Primary healthy and celiac duodenal FBs were evaluated by means of immuno-fluorescence assay for collagen type I and IV, fibronectin, actin, alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (alpha-SMA), Fibroblast Surface Protein (FSP) and transglutaminase type 2 (TG2). The geometric indexes of the fluorescence signals were investigated by image analysis software (Image J, NIH). Both morphology and kinetic were evaluated during a 72 hours time course movie. TG2 medium activity was evaluated by means of ELISA. RESULTS All the cells examined were immunopositive for FSP, alpha-SMA, actin, collagen I, collagen IV and TG2. CD cells showed a signet collagen-I and collagen-IV pattern, as compared to the controls being characterised by a spindle geometry. Moreover, the collagen signals in CD FBs showed a significantly higher circularity index (major orthogonal diameter ratio) than the controls (p<0.0001), whereas the perimeter and area ratio were significantly lower (p<0.0001). The TG2 signal had a decreased area (p<0.05), but a two-fold increased medium activity. The time course highlighted a reduction of the displacement of CD FBs. CONCLUSIONS The isolated primary CD FBs showed a different collagen and TG2 pattern of distribution associated with a different cellular displacement. The reasons for such CD cell peculiar characteristics are yet unknown but they might represent a factor in the progression of the intestinal damage.
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Funke V, Lehmann-Koch J, Bickeböller M, Benner A, Tagscherer KE, Grund K, Pfeifer M, Herpel E, Schirmacher P, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Roth W. The PEA-15/PED protein regulates cellular survival and invasiveness in colorectal carcinomas. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:431-40. [PMID: 23481023 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PEA-15/PED (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15kD/phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes) protein is a multifunctional phosphoprotein involved in various signaling pathways which determine survival, proliferation, and migration of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the expression and cellular functions of PEA-15 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). PEA-15 is expressed in the majority of human CRC, predominantly in well differentiated tumor areas. A tissue microarray analysis of 1262 human CRC specimens from the DACHS study showed that PEA-15 expression is significantly associated with a low pT stadium as defined by limited invasion into the bowel wall. Moreover, patients with PEA-15-positive CRC exhibited a significantly longer tumor-specific survival time. To investigate the functional relevance of PEA-15 expression on a cellular level, we over-expressed PEA-15 in several CRC cell lines. Increased expression of PEA-15 resulted in a strong inhibition of clonogenicity, proliferation, and invasiveness of CRC cells. These effects were associated with a PEA-15-dependent down-regulation of integrin αvβ5 as well as with elevated levels of the phosphorylated MAP kinase ERK1/2. Moreover, expression of PEA-15 resulted in significant protection from cell death induced by cytotoxic drugs (5-FU, cisplatin), by the death ligand TRAIL, or by serum withdrawal. In conclusion, the PEA-15 protein regulates invasiveness, proliferation, and apoptosis resistance in CRC cells. PEA-15 might play an important role in chemoresistance, progression and metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Funke
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Vasaturo A, Caserta S, Russo I, Preziosi V, Ciacci C, Guido S. A novel chemotaxis assay in 3-D collagen gels by time-lapse microscopy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52251. [PMID: 23284956 PMCID: PMC3526591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The directional cell response to chemical gradients, referred to as chemotaxis, plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes including development, immune response and tumor cell invasion. Despite such implications, chemotaxis remains a challenging process to study under physiologically-relevant conditions in-vitro, mainly due to difficulties in generating a well characterized and sustained gradient in substrata mimicking the in-vivo environment while allowing dynamic cell imaging. Here, we describe a novel chemotaxis assay in 3D collagen gels, based on a reusable direct-viewing chamber in which a chemoattractant gradient is generated by diffusion through a porous membrane. The diffusion process has been analysed by monitoring the concentration of FITC-labelled dextran through epifluorescence microscopy and by comparing experimental data with theoretical and numerical predictions based on Fick's law. Cell migration towards chemoattractant gradients has been followed by time-lapse microscopy and quantified by cell tracking based on image analysis techniques. The results are expressed in terms of chemotactic index (I) and average cell velocity. The assay has been tested by comparing the migration of human neutrophils in isotropic conditions and in the presence of an Interleukin-8 (IL-8) gradient. In the absence of IL-8 stimulation, 80% of the cells showed a velocity ranging from 0 to 1 µm/min. However, in the presence of an IL-8 gradient, 60% of the cells showed an increase in velocity reaching values between 2 and 7 µm/min. Furthermore, after IL-8 addition, I increased from 0 to 0.25 and 0.25 to 0.5, respectively, for the two donors examined. These data indicate a pronounced directional migration of neutrophils towards the IL-8 gradient in 3D collagen matrix. The chemotaxis assay described here can be adapted to other cell types and may serve as a physiologically relevant method to study the directed locomotion of cells in a 3D environment in response to different chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vasaturo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE – Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Gastrointestinal Unit Baronissi, School of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Preziosi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Gastrointestinal Unit Baronissi, School of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE – Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
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Caserta S, Guido S. Vorticity banding in biphasic polymer blends. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16254-16262. [PMID: 23134311 DOI: 10.1021/la303232w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pattern formation under the action of flow is a subject of considerable scientific interest with applications going from microfluidics to granular materials. Here, we present a systematic investigation of shear-induced banding in confined biphasic liquid-liquid systems, i.e., formation of alternating regions of high and low volume fraction of droplets in a continuous phase (shear bands). This phenomenon is investigated in immiscible polymer blends sheared in a sliding parallel plate flow cell. Starting from a spatially uniform distribution of droplets, the formation of bands aligned along the flow direction is observed, eventually leading to an almost complete separation between droplet-rich and continuous phase regions. The initial band size is related to the gap dimension; the merging of bands and consequent spacing reduction has also been observed for long times. Shear banding is only observed when the viscosity of the dispersed phase is lower as compared to the continuous phase and in a limited range of the applied shear rate. Rheological measurements show that band formation is associated with a viscosity decrease with respect to the homogeneous case, thus implying that system microstructure is somehow evolving toward reduced viscous dissipation under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Caserta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, UdR INSTM, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy.
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