1
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Peñate L, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Spichiger C, Cuevas-Zhbankova A, Torres-Arévalo Á, Silva P, Richter HG, Ayuso-Sacido Á, San Martín R, Quezada-Monrás C. The Impact of A3AR Antagonism on the Differential Expression of Chemoresistance-Related Genes in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:579. [PMID: 38794149 PMCID: PMC11124321 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and common primary malignant tumor of the brain and central nervous system. Without treatment, the average patient survival time is about six months, which can be extended to fifteen months with multimodal therapies. The chemoresistance observed in GB is, in part, attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of glioblastoma-like stem cells (GSCs) that are characterized by heightened tumorigenic capacity and chemoresistance. GSCs are situated in hypoxic tumor niches, where they sustain and promote the stem-like phenotype and have also been correlated with high chemoresistance. GSCs have the particularity of generating high levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO), which causes the activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) with a consequent increase in the expression and activity of genes related to chemoresistance. Therefore, targeting its components is a promising alternative for treating GB. This analysis determined genes that were up- and downregulated due to A3AR blockades under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, possible candidates associated with chemoresistance that were positively regulated by hypoxia and negatively regulated by A3AR blockades in the same condition were analyzed. We detected three potential candidate genes that were regulated by the A3AR antagonist MRS1220 under hypoxic conditions: LIMD1, TRIB2, and TGFB1. Finally, the selected markers were correlated with hypoxia-inducible genes and with the expression of adenosine-producing ectonucleotidases. In conclusion, we detected that hypoxic conditions generate extensive differential gene expression in GSCs, increasing the expression of genes associated with chemoresistance. Furthermore, we observed that MRS1220 could regulate the expression of LIMD1, TRIB2, and TGFB1, which are involved in chemoresistance and correlate with a poor prognosis, hypoxia, and purinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuba Peñate
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Alexei Cuevas-Zhbankova
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ángelo Torres-Arévalo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Recursos Naturales, Sede Talca, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 347-3620, Chile
| | - Pamela Silva
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Hans G Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ángel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Brain Tumour Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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2
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Joghataei MT, Bakhtiarzadeh F, Dehghan S, Ketabforoush AHME, Golab F, Zarbakhsh S, Ahmadirad N. The role of neurotransmitters in glioblastoma multiforme-associated seizures. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:677-690. [PMID: 37563091 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GBM, or glioblastoma multiforme, is a brain tumor that poses a great threat to both children and adults, being the primary cause of death related to brain tumors. GBM is often associated with epilepsy, which can be debilitating. Seizures and the development of epilepsy are the primary symptoms that have a severe impact on the quality of life for GBM patients. It is increasingly apparent that the nervous system plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment for all cancer types, including GBM. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of how neurotransmitters control the progression of gliomas. Evidence suggests that neurotransmitters and neuromodulators found in the tumor microenvironment play crucial roles in the excitability, proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation of neurons, glial cells, and neural stem cells. The involvement of neurotransmitters appears to play a significant role in various stages of GBM. In this review, the focus is on presenting updated knowledge and emerging ideas regarding the interplay between neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as glutamate, GABA, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, and their relationship with GBM and the seizures induced by this condition. The review aims to explore the current understanding and provide new insights into the complex interactions between these neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the context of GBM-related seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Bakhtiarzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Dehghan
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sam Zarbakhsh
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ahmadirad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Dal Bello S, Martinuzzi D, Tereshko Y, Veritti D, Sarao V, Gigli GL, Lanzetta P, Valente M. The Present and Future of Optic Pathway Glioma Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:2380. [PMID: 37830595 PMCID: PMC10572241 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) encompass two distinct categories: benign pediatric gliomas, which are characterized by favorable prognosis, and malignant adult gliomas, which are aggressive cancers associated with a poor outcome. Our review aims to explore the established standards of care for both types of tumors, highlight the emerging therapeutic strategies for OPG treatment, and propose potential alternative therapies that, while originally studied in a broader glioma context, may hold promise for OPGs pending further investigation. These potential therapies encompass immunotherapy approaches, molecular-targeted therapy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, nanotechnologies, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, cyberKnife, cannabinoids, and the ketogenic diet. Restoring visual function is a significant challenge in cases where optic nerve damage has occurred due to the tumor or its therapeutic interventions. Numerous approaches, particularly those involving stem cells, are currently being investigated as potential facilitators of visual recovery in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dal Bello
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Deborah Martinuzzi
- Department of Medicine—Ophthalmology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Yan Tereshko
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Veritti
- Department of Medicine—Ophthalmology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Sarao
- Department of Medicine—Ophthalmology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Lanzetta
- Department of Medicine—Ophthalmology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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4
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Bach N, Winzer R, Tolosa E, Fiedler W, Brauneck F. The Clinical Significance of CD73 in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11759. [PMID: 37511518 PMCID: PMC10380759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new and effective treatment targets for cancer immunotherapy is an ongoing challenge. Alongside the more established inhibitory immune checkpoints, a novel potential target is CD73. As one of the key enzymes in the purinergic signalling pathway CD73 is responsible for the generation of immune suppressive adenosine. The expression of CD73 is higher in tumours than in the corresponding healthy tissues and associated with a poor prognosis. CD73, mainly by the production of adenosine, is critical in the suppression of an adequate anti-tumour immune response, but also in promoting cancer cell proliferation, tumour growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The upregulation of CD73 and generation of adenosine by tumour or tumour-associated immune cells is a common resistance mechanism to many cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Therefore, the inhibition of CD73 represents a new and promising approach to increase therapy efficacy. Several CD73 inhibitors have already been developed and successfully demonstrated anti-cancer activity in preclinical studies. Currently, clinical studies evaluate CD73 inhibitors in different therapy combinations and tumour entities. The initial results suggest that inhibiting CD73 could be an effective option to augment anti-cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the rationale behind the CD73 inhibition in different treatment combinations and the role of CD73 as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Bach
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Brauneck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Vidicevic-Novakovic S, Stanojevic Z, Tomonjic N, Karapandza K, Zekovic J, Martinovic T, Grujicic D, Ilic R, Raicevic S, Tasic J, Isakovic A. Proapoptotic and proautophagy effect of H1-receptor antagonist desloratadine in human glioblastoma cell lines. Med Oncol 2023; 40:241. [PMID: 37452991 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are aggressive and usually incurable high-grade gliomas without adequate treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of desloratadine to induce apoptosis/autophagy as genetically regulated processes that can seal cancer cell fates. All experiments were performed on U251 human glioblastoma cell line and primary human glioblastoma cell culture. Cytotoxic effect of desloratadine was investigated using MTT and CV assays, while oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy were detected by flow cytometry and immunoblot. Desloratadine treatment decreased cell viability of U251 human glioblastoma cell line and primary human glioblastoma cell culture (IC50 value 50 µM) by an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species and caspase activity. Also, desloratadine decreased the expression of main autophagy repressor mTOR and its upstream activator Akt and increased the expression of AMPK. Desloratadine exerted dual cytotoxic effect inducing both apoptosis- and mTOR/AMPK-dependent cytotoxic autophagy in glioblastoma cells and primary glioblastoma cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasenka Vidicevic-Novakovic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Stanojevic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Tomonjic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Rheumatology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Karapandza
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Janko Zekovic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Martinovic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujicic
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rosanda Ilic
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Savo Raicevic
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tasic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Gillette JS, Wang EJ, Dowd RS, Toms SA. Barriers to overcoming immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1175507. [PMID: 37275361 PMCID: PMC10232794 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1175507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, known for its poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Current standard of care includes surgical resection followed by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although immunotherapies have yielded promising results in hematological malignancies, their successful application in GBM remains limited due to a host of immunosuppressive factors unique to GBM. As a result of these roadblocks, research efforts have focused on utilizing combinatorial immunotherapies that target networks of immune processes in GBM with promising results in both preclinical and clinical trials, although limitations in overcoming the immunosuppressive factors within GBM remain. In this review, we aim to discuss the intrinsic and adaptive immune resistance unique to GBM and to summarize the current evidence and outcomes of engineered and non-engineered treatments targeted at overcoming GBM resistance to immunotherapy. Additionally, we aim to highlight the most promising strategies of targeted GBM immunotherapy combinatorial treatments and the insights that may directly improve the current patient prognosis and clinical care.
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7
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Erices JI, Bizama C, Niechi I, Uribe D, Rosales A, Fabres K, Navarro-Martínez G, Torres Á, San Martín R, Roa JC, Quezada-Monrás C. Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Invasiveness: New Insights and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087047. [PMID: 37108208 PMCID: PMC10139189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain cancer in adults. Without treatment the mean patient survival is approximately 6 months, which can be extended to 15 months with the use of multimodal therapies. The low effectiveness of GBM therapies is mainly due to the tumor infiltration into the healthy brain tissue, which depends on GBM cells' interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The interaction of GBM cells with the TME involves cellular components such as stem-like cells, glia, endothelial cells, and non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix, enhanced hypoxia, and soluble factors such as adenosine, which promote GBM's invasiveness. However, here we highlight the role of 3D patient-derived glioblastoma organoids cultures as a new platform for study of the modeling of TME and invasiveness. In this review, the mechanisms involved in GBM-microenvironment interaction are described and discussed, proposing potential prognosis biomarkers and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Erices
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Arnaldo Rosales
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Karen Fabres
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Giovanna Navarro-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ángelo Torres
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 8370003, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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8
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Gelsleichter NE, Azambuja JH, Rubenich DS, Braganhol E. CD73 in glioblastoma: Where are we now and what are the future directions? Immunol Lett 2023; 256-257:20-27. [PMID: 36958430 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor with heterogeneity, strong invasive ability, and high resistance to therapy due to immunosuppressive mechanisms. CD73 is an overexpressed enzyme in GB acts via two main mechanisms:(1) CD73 acts as an adhesion protein independent of the enzymatic activity or (2) via the catalyses of AMP to adenosine (ADO) generating a strong modulatory molecule that induces alterations in the tumor cells and in the tumor microenvironment cells (TME). Taken together, CD73 is receiving attention during the last years and studies demonstrated its dual potential benefit as a target to GB therapy. Here, we review the roles of CD73 and P1 receptors (ADO receptors) in GB, the impact of CD73 in the immune interactions between tumor and other immune cells, the proposed therapeutic strategies based on CD73 regulation, and discuss the gap in knowledge and further directions to bring this approach from preclinical to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolly Espindola Gelsleichter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hofstätter Azambuja
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dominique Santos Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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9
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Carrera-Martínez M, Mora-García MDL, García-Rocha R, Weiss-Steider B, Montesinos-Montesinos JJ, Hernández-Montes J, Don-López CA, Monroy-García A. Inhibition of CD73 expression or A2AR blockade reduces MRP1 expression and increases the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:321-330. [PMID: 36846868 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a link between the biological activity of CD73 in solid tumors and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) has been proposed. Cisplatin (CP) is the most widely used anticancer agent to treat advanced and recurrent cervical cancer (CC). However, multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1) is overexpressed in approximately 85% of these tumors and has been strongly associated with cisplatin resistance (CPR). In this study, we examine the involvement of CD73 and the interaction of adenosine (ADO) with its receptors (ARs) in MRP1 expression in CC cells. We found that ADO positively modulates MRP1 expression in CC cells in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of CD73 expression with a CD73-targeted siRNA and A2AR blockade with the selective antagonist ZM241385 significantly decreased MRP1 expression and the extrusive capacity of CC cells, making them significantly more sensitive to CP treatment than cancer cells treated with MK-751, a specific MRP1 inhibitor. These results suggest CD73 inhibition or blocking ADO signaling through A2AR could be strategies to reverse CPR in patients with advanced or recurrent CC, which is characterized by very low response rates to CP (10%-20%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Carrera-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Doctorate Scholarship No. 579767 from CONACyT, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María de L Mora-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosario García-Rocha
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan J Montesinos-Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Montes
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Christian A Don-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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10
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das Neves GM, Kagami LP, Battastini AMO, Figueiró F, Eifler-Lima VL. Targeting ecto-5'-nucleotidase: A comprehensive review into small molecule inhibitors and expression modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115052. [PMID: 36599229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling has drawn attention from academia and more recently from pharmaceutical industries as a potential therapeutic route for cancer treatment, since ATP may act as chemotactic agent and possess in vitro antineoplastic activity. On the other way, adenosine, produced in extracellular medium by ecto-5'-NT, acts as immunosuppressor and is related to neoangiogenesis, vasculogenesis and evasion to the immune system. Consequently, inhibitors of ecto-5'-NT may prevent tumor progression, reducing adenosine concentrations, preventing escape from the host's immune system and slowing cancer's growth. This review aims to highlight important biochemical and structural features of ecto-5'NT, highlight its expression profile in normal and cancer cell lines detailing compounds which may act as expression regulators and to review the several classes of ecto-5'NT inhibitors developed in the past 12 years, in order to build a general structure-activity relationship model to guide further compound design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Machado das Neves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Porto Kagami
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Laboratório de Imunobioquímica do Câncer (LIBC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Laboratório de Imunobioquímica do Câncer (LIBC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Li H, Xie P, Li P, Du Y, Zhu J, Yuan Y, Wu C, Shi Y, Huang Z, Wang X, Liu D, Liu W. CD73/NT5E is a Potential Biomarker for Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy for Multiple Types of Cancers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200263. [PMID: 36480312 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cluster of Differentiations 73 (CD73)/ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) is a novel type of immune molecular marker expressed on many tumor cells and involved in regulating the essential immune functions and affecting the prognosis of cancer patients. However, it is not clear how the NT5E is linked to the infiltration levels of the immune cells in pan-cancer patients and their final prognosis. This study explores the role of NT5E in 33 tumor types using GEPIA, TIMER, Oncomine, BioGPS databases, and several bioinformatic tools. The findings reveal that the NT5E is abnormally expressed in a majority of the types of cancers and can be used for determining the prognosis prediction ability of different cancers. Moreover, NT5E is significantly related to the infiltration status of numerous immune cells, immune-activated pathways, and immunoregulator expressions. Last, specific inhibitor molecules, like NORNICOTINE, AS-703026, and FOSTAMATINIB, which inhibit the expression of NT5E in various types of cancers, are screened with the CMap. Thus, it is proposed that NT5E can be utilized as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients and determining the infiltration of various immune cells in different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Li
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Senior Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuheng Du
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yudong Yuan
- Department of Senior Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yantao Shi
- Department of Technology, Swanshine (Tianjin) Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd, Anime East Road, Airport Economic Zone, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Department of Industrial Biosystems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiqi Road Airport Economic Zone, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial & Otorhinolaryngology Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Dongying Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Weishuai Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
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12
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Nucleic acid drug vectors for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:39. [PMID: 36650130 PMCID: PMC9844208 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid drugs have the advantages of rich target selection, simple in design, good and enduring effect. They have been demonstrated to have irreplaceable superiority in brain disease treatment, while vectors are a decisive factor in therapeutic efficacy. Strict physiological barriers, such as degradation and clearance in circulation, blood-brain barrier, cellular uptake, endosome/lysosome barriers, release, obstruct the delivery of nucleic acid drugs to the brain by the vectors. Nucleic acid drugs against a single target are inefficient in treating brain diseases of complex pathogenesis. Differences between individual patients lead to severe uncertainties in brain disease treatment with nucleic acid drugs. In this Review, we briefly summarize the classification of nucleic acid drugs. Next, we discuss physiological barriers during drug delivery and universal coping strategies and introduce the application methods of these universal strategies to nucleic acid drug vectors. Subsequently, we explore nucleic acid drug-based multidrug regimens for the combination treatment of brain diseases and the construction of the corresponding vectors. In the following, we address the feasibility of patient stratification and personalized therapy through diagnostic information from medical imaging and the manner of introducing contrast agents into vectors. Finally, we take a perspective on the future feasibility and remaining challenges of vector-based integrated diagnosis and gene therapy for brain diseases.
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13
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Hamoud AR, Bach K, Kakrecha O, Henkel N, Wu X, McCullumsmith RE, O’Donovan SM. Adenosine, Schizophrenia and Cancer: Does the Purinergic System Offer a Pathway to Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911835. [PMID: 36233136 PMCID: PMC9570456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, a complex relationship between schizophrenia diagnosis and development of many cancers has been observed. Findings from epidemiological studies are mixed, with reports of increased, reduced, or no difference in cancer incidence in schizophrenia patients. However, as risk factors for cancer, including elevated smoking rates and substance abuse, are commonly associated with this patient population, it is surprising that cancer incidence is not higher. Various factors may account for the proposed reduction in cancer incidence rates including pathophysiological changes associated with disease. Perturbations of the adenosine system are hypothesized to contribute to the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Conversely, hyperfunction of the adenosine system is found in the tumor microenvironment in cancer and targeting the adenosine system therapeutically is a promising area of research in this disease. We outline the current biochemical and pharmacological evidence for hypofunction of the adenosine system in schizophrenia, and the role of increased adenosine metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. In the context of the relatively limited literature on this patient population, we discuss whether hypofunction of this system in schizophrenia, may counteract the immunosuppressive role of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. We also highlight the importance of studies examining the adenosine system in this subset of patients for the potential insight they may offer into these complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Rizaq Hamoud
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Karen Bach
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Ojal Kakrecha
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Nicholas Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sinead M. O’Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Coy S, Wang S, Stopka SA, Lin JR, Yapp C, Ritch CC, Salhi L, Baker GJ, Rashid R, Baquer G, Regan M, Khadka P, Cole KA, Hwang J, Wen PY, Bandopadhayay P, Santi M, De Raedt T, Ligon KL, Agar NYR, Sorger PK, Touat M, Santagata S. Single cell spatial analysis reveals the topology of immunomodulatory purinergic signaling in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4814. [PMID: 35973991 PMCID: PMC9381513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
How the glioma immune microenvironment fosters tumorigenesis remains incompletely defined. Here, we use single-cell RNA-sequencing and multiplexed tissue-imaging to characterize the composition, spatial organization, and clinical significance of extracellular purinergic signaling in glioma. We show that microglia are the predominant source of CD39, while tumor cells principally express CD73. In glioblastoma, CD73 is associated with EGFR amplification, astrocyte-like differentiation, and increased adenosine, and is linked to hypoxia. Glioblastomas enriched for CD73 exhibit inflammatory microenvironments, suggesting that purinergic signaling regulates immune adaptation. Spatially-resolved single-cell analyses demonstrate a strong spatial correlation between tumor-CD73 and microglial-CD39, with proximity associated with poor outcomes. Similar spatial organization is present in pediatric high-grade gliomas including H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. These data reveal that purinergic signaling in gliomas is shaped by genotype, lineage, and functional state, and that core enzymes expressed by tumor and myeloid cells are organized to promote adenosine-rich microenvironments potentially amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Coy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecily C Ritch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Salhi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Gregory J Baker
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rumana Rashid
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
- Pitt-CMU Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh-Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gerard Baquer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prasidda Khadka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristina A Cole
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Jaeho Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas De Raedt
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehdi Touat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, and AP-HP Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France.
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Giotta Lucifero A, Luzzi S. Emerging immune-based technologies for high-grade gliomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:957-980. [PMID: 35924820 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The selection of a tailored and successful strategy for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) treatment is still a concern. The abundance of aberrant mutations within the heterogenic genetic landscape of glioblastoma strongly influences cell expansion, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. Identification of immune evasion pathways opens the way to novel immune-based strategies. This review intends to explore the emerging immunotherapies for HGGs. The immunosuppressive mechanisms related to the tumor microenvironment and future perspectives to overcome glioma immunity barriers are also debated. AREAS COVERED An extensive literature review was performed on the PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Only highly relevant articles in English and published in the last 20 years were selected. Data about immunotherapies coming from preclinical and clinical trials were summarized. EXPERT OPINION The overall level of evidence about the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for HGGs is noteworthy. Monoclonal antibodies have been approved as second-line treatment, while peptide vaccines, viral gene strategies, and adoptive technologies proved to boost a vivid antitumor immunization. Malignant brain tumor-treating fields are ever-changing in the upcoming years. Constant refinements and development of new routes of drug administration will permit to design of novel immune-based treatment algorithms thus improving the overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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16
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Soleimani A, Mirzavi F, Nikoofal-Sahlabadi S, Nikpoor AR, Taghizadeh B, Barati M, Soukhtanloo M, Jaafari MR. CD73 downregulation by EGFR-targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA potentiates antitumor effect of liposomal doxorubicin in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10423. [PMID: 35729230 PMCID: PMC9213518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking CD73 ectonucleotidase has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of a novel EGFR-Targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA formulation in combination therapy with liposomal doxorubicin in the 4T1 mouse model. CD73 siRNA was encapsulated into nanoliposomes by the ethanol injection method. After preparation, characterization, morphology, and stability evaluation of formulations, the toxicity was measured by MTT assay. Uptake assay and efficiency of the liposomal formulations were investigated on the 4T1 cell line. The liposomal formulation containing CD73 siRNA was targeted with GE11 peptide for in vivo evaluations. Following biodistribution analysis, the antitumor activity of prepared formulations in combination with liposomal doxorubicin was studied in mice bearing 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells. Finally, the induction of immune response of formulations in concomitant treatment with liposomal doxorubicin was evaluated in the tumor microenvironment of a mouse model of breast cancer. The size of prepared liposomal formulations at N/P = 16 for the liposomal CD73 siRNA and GE11-liposomal CD73 siRNA groups were 89 nm ± 4.4 and 95 nm ± 6.6, respectively. The nanoparticle's PDI was less than 0.3 and their surface charge was below 10 mV. The results demonstrated that N/P = 16 yielded the best encapsulation efficiency which was 94% ± 3.3. AFM results showed that the liposomes were spherical in shape and were less than 100 nm in size. The results of the MTT assay showed significant toxicity of the liposomes containing CD73 siRNA during the 48-h cell culture. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry results showed that liposomes containing CD73 siRNA could effectively downregulate CD73 expression. Liposomal formulations were able to significantly downregulate CD73 gene expression, in vivo. However, CD73 downregulation efficiency was significantly higher for the targeted form compared to the non-targeted formulation (P value < 0.01). The combination showed maximum tumor growth delay with remarkable survival improvement compared to the control group. Studying the immune responses in the treatment groups which received doxorubicin, showed decreased number of lymphocytes in the tumor environment. However, this decrease was lower in the combination therapy group. Finally, our results clearly showed that CD73 downregulation increases the activity of CD8+ lymphocytes (IFN-ℽ production) and also significantly decreases the Foxp3 in the CD25+ lymphocytes compared to the control group. GE11-Lipo CD73 siRNA formulation can efficiently knockdown CD73 ectonucleotidase. Also, the efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin is significantly enhanced via the downregulation of CD73 ectonucleotidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Nikoofal-Sahlabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Bita Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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17
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A Novel Anti-CD73 Antibody That Selectively Inhibits Membrane CD73 Shows Antitumor Activity and Induces Tumor Immune Escape. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040825. [PMID: 35453575 PMCID: PMC9031174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73 catalyzes the conversion of ATP to adenosine, which is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor immune escape. Because CD73 expression and activity are particularly high on cancer cells and contribute to the immunosuppressive properties of the tumor environment, it is considered an attractive target molecule for specific cancer therapies. In line, several studies demonstrated that CD73 inhibition has a significant antitumor effect. However, complete blocking of CD73 activity can evoke autoimmune phenomena and adverse side effects. We developed a CD73-specific antibody, 22E6, that specifically inhibits the enzymatic activity of membrane-tethered CD73 present in high concentrations on cancer cells and cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles but has no inhibitory effect on soluble CD73. Inhibition of CD73 on tumor cells with 22E6 resulted in multiple effects on tumor cells in vitro, including increased apoptosis and interference with chemoresistance. Intriguingly, in a xenograft mouse model of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 22E6 treatment resulted in an initial tumor growth delay in some animals, followed by a complete loss of CD73 expression on ALL cells in all 22E6 treated animals, indicating tumor immune escape. Taken together, 22E6 shows great potential for cancer therapy, favorably in combination with other drugs.
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18
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Markwell SM, Ross JL, Olson CL, Brat DJ. Necrotic reshaping of the glioma microenvironment drives disease progression. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:291-310. [PMID: 35039931 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. The development of central necrosis represents a tipping point in the evolution of these tumors that foreshadows aggressive expansion, swiftly leading to mortality. The onset of necrosis, severe hypoxia and associated radial glioma expansion correlates with dramatic tumor microenvironment (TME) alterations that accelerate tumor growth. In the past, most have concluded that hypoxia and necrosis must arise due to "cancer outgrowing its blood supply" when rapid tumor growth outpaces metabolic supply, leading to diffusion-limited hypoxia. However, growing evidence suggests that microscopic intravascular thrombosis driven by the neoplastic overexpression of pro-coagulants attenuates glioma blood supply (perfusion-limited hypoxia), leading to TME restructuring that includes breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, immunosuppressive immune cell accumulation, microvascular hyperproliferation, glioma stem cell enrichment and tumor cell migration outward. Cumulatively, these adaptations result in rapid tumor expansion, resistance to therapeutic interventions and clinical progression. To inform future translational investigations, the complex interplay among environmental cues and myriad cell types that contribute to this aggressive phenotype requires better understanding. This review focuses on contributions from intratumoral thrombosis, the effects of hypoxia and necrosis, the adaptive and innate immune responses, and the current state of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA.
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19
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Yang K, Wu Z, Zhang H, Zhang N, Wu W, Wang Z, Dai Z, Zhang X, Zhang L, Peng Y, Ye W, Zeng W, Liu Z, Cheng Q. Glioma targeted therapy: insight into future of molecular approaches. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:39. [PMID: 35135556 PMCID: PMC8822752 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the common type of brain tumors originating from glial cells. Epidemiologically, gliomas occur among all ages, more often seen in adults, which males are more susceptible than females. According to the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5), standard of care and prognosis of gliomas can be dramatically different. Generally, circumscribed gliomas are usually benign and recommended to early complete resection, with chemotherapy if necessary. Diffuse gliomas and other high-grade gliomas according to their molecule subtype are slightly intractable, with necessity of chemotherapy. However, for glioblastoma, feasible resection followed by radiotherapy plus temozolomide chemotherapy define the current standard of care. Here, we discuss novel feasible or potential targets for treatment of gliomas, especially IDH-wild type glioblastoma. Classic targets such as the p53 and retinoblastoma (RB) pathway and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene alteration have met failure due to complex regulatory network. There is ever-increasing interest in immunotherapy (immune checkpoint molecule, tumor associated macrophage, dendritic cell vaccine, CAR-T), tumor microenvironment, and combination of several efficacious methods. With many targeted therapy options emerging, biomarkers guiding the prescription of a particular targeted therapy are also attractive. More pre-clinical and clinical trials are urgently needed to explore and evaluate the feasibility of targeted therapy with the corresponding biomarkers for effective personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,One-Third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wantao Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijie Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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20
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Bausart M, Préat V, Malfanti A. Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: the promise of combination strategies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:35. [PMID: 35078492 PMCID: PMC8787896 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment has remained almost unchanged for more than 20 years. The current standard of care involves surgical resection (if possible) followed by concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapy strategies have revolutionized the treatment of many cancers, increasing the hope for GBM therapy. However, mostly due to the high, multifactorial immunosuppression occurring in the microenvironment, the poor knowledge of the neuroimmune system and the presence of the blood-brain barrier, the efficacy of immunotherapy in GBM is still low. Recently, new strategies for GBM treatments have employed immunotherapy combinations and have provided encouraging results in both preclinical and clinical studies. The lessons learned from clinical trials highlight the importance of tackling different arms of immunity. In this review, we aim to summarize the preclinical evidence regarding combination immunotherapy in terms of immune and survival benefits for GBM management. The outcomes of recent studies assessing the combination of different classes of immunotherapeutic agents (e.g., immune checkpoint blockade and vaccines) will be discussed. Finally, future strategies to ameliorate the efficacy of immunotherapy and facilitate clinical translation will be provided to address the unmet medical needs of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bausart
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Marcelino H, Carvalho TMA, Tomás J, Teles FI, Honório AC, Rosa CB, Costa AR, Costa BM, Santos CRA, Sebastião AM, Cascalheira JF. Adenosine Inhibits Cell Proliferation Differently in Human Astrocytes and in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Neuroscience 2021; 467:122-133. [PMID: 34033870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain primary tumour. Hypoxic regions in GBM are associated to tumour growth. Adenosine accumulates in hypoxic regions and can affect cell proliferation and survival. However, how proliferating GBM cells respond/adapt to increased adenosine levels compared to human astrocytes (HA) is not clarified and was addressed in the present work. GBM cell lines and HA were treated for 3 days with test drugs. Thirty Adenosine (30 µM) caused a 43% ± 5% (P < 0.05) reduction of cell proliferation/viability in HA, through an adenosine receptor-independent mechanism, but had no effect in GBM cell lines U87MG, U373MG and SNB19. Contrastingly, inhibition of adenosine phosphorylation (using the adenosine kinase (ADK) inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin (ITU) (25 µM)), produced a strong and similar decrease on cell proliferation in both HA and GBM cells. The effect of adenosine on HA proliferation/viability was potentiated by 100 µM-homocysteine. Combined application of 30 µM-adenosine and 100 µM-homocysteine reduced the cell proliferation/viability in all three GBM cell lines, but this reduction was much lower than that observed in HA. Adenosine alone did not induce cell death, assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, both in HA and GBM cells, but potentiated the cytotoxic effect of homocysteine in HA and in U87MG and U373MG cells. Results show a strong attenuation of adenosine anti-proliferative effect in GBM cells compared to HA, probably resulting from increased adenosine elimination by ADK, suggesting a proliferative-prone adaptation of tumour cells to increased adenosine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcelino
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Tomás
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Francisca I Teles
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Honório
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carolina B Rosa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana R Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José F Cascalheira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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22
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Garcia-Gil M, Camici M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Tozzi MG. Metabolic Aspects of Adenosine Functions in the Brain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672182. [PMID: 34054547 PMCID: PMC8160517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, acting both through G-protein coupled adenosine receptors and intracellularly, plays a complex role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulating neuronal plasticity, astrocytic activity, learning and memory, motor function, feeding, control of sleep and aging. Adenosine is involved in stroke, epilepsy and neurodegenerative pathologies. Extracellular concentration of adenosine in the brain is tightly regulated. Adenosine may be generated intracellularly in the central nervous system from degradation of AMP or from the hydrolysis of S-adenosyl homocysteine, and then exit via bi-directional nucleoside transporters, or extracellularly by the metabolism of released nucleotides. Inactivation of extracellular adenosine occurs by transport into neurons or neighboring cells, followed by either phosphorylation to AMP by adenosine kinase or deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase. Modulation of the nucleoside transporters or of the enzymatic activities involved in the metabolism of adenosine, by affecting the levels of this nucleoside and the activity of adenosine receptors, could have a role in the onset or the development of central nervous system disorders, and can also be target of drugs for their treatment. In this review, we focus on the contribution of 5'-nucleotidases, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, AMP deaminase, AMP-activated protein kinase and nucleoside transporters in epilepsy, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases with a particular attention on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. We include several examples of the involvement of components of the adenosine metabolism in learning and of the possible use of modulators of enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism or nucleoside transporters in the amelioration of cognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, Unit of Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcella Camici
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Increased Extracellular Adenosine in Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells Enhances Tumor Progression through A2AR-Akt-β-Catenin Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092105. [PMID: 33925516 PMCID: PMC8123845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In our previous study, purinergic P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) activation by ATP was found to play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis by regulating various responses in cancer cells and modulating crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells (ECs). Therefore, we expected that P2Y2R would play a critical role in radioresistance and enhanced tumor progression in radioresistant triple-negative breast cancer (RT-R-TNBC). However, interestingly, P2Y2R expression was slightly decreased in RT-R-TNBC cells, while the expression of A2AR was significantly increased both in RT-R-TNBC cells and in tumor tissues, especially triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues of breast cancer (BC) patients. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and its signaling pathway in the progression of RT-R-TNBC. The results reveal for the first time the role of A2AR in the progression and metastasis of RT-R-BC cells and suggest that the adenosine (ADO)-activated intracellular A2AR signaling pathway is linked to the AKT-β-catenin pathway to regulate RT-R-BC cell invasiveness and metastasis. Abstract Recently, we found that the expressions of adenosine (ADO) receptors A2AR and A2BR and the ectonucleotidase CD73 which is needed for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and the extracellular ADO level are increased in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal cells or non-TNBC cells. The expression of A2AR, but not A2BR, is significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues, especially TNBC tissues, compared to normal epithelial tissues. Therefore, we further investigated the role of ADO-activated A2AR and its signaling pathway in the progression of RT-R-TNBC. ADO treatment induced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion, which were enhanced in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells in an A2AR-dependent manner. A2AR activation by ADO induced AKT phosphorylation and then β-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression, and these effects were abolished by A2AR-siRNA transfection. In an in vivo animal study, compared to 4T1-injected mice, RT-R-4T1-injected mice exhibited significantly increased tumor growth and lung metastasis, which were decreased by A2AR-knockdown. The upregulation of phospho-AKT, β-catenin, Snail, and vimentin expression in mice injected with RT-R-4T1 cells was also attenuated in mice injected with RT-R-4T1-A2AR-shRNA cells. These results suggest that A2AR is significantly upregulated in BC tissues, especially TNBC tissues, and ADO-mediated A2AR activation is involved in RT-R-TNBC invasion and metastasis through the AKT-β-catenin pathway.
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24
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Cruz Da Silva E, Mercier MC, Etienne-Selloum N, Dontenwill M, Choulier L. A Systematic Review of Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapies in Phases II, III, IV Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1795. [PMID: 33918704 PMCID: PMC8069979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive glial tumor, is currently treated as first line by the Stupp protocol, which combines, after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For recurrent GBM, in absence of standard treatment or available clinical trials, various protocols including cytotoxic drugs and/or bevacizumab are currently applied. Despite these heavy treatments, the mean overall survival of patients is under 18 months. Many clinical studies are underway. Based on clinicaltrials.org and conducted up to 1 April 2020, this review lists, not only main, but all targeted therapies in phases II-IV of 257 clinical trials on adults with newly diagnosed or recurrent GBMs for the last twenty years. It does not involve targeted immunotherapies and therapies targeting tumor cell metabolism, that are well documented in other reviews. Without surprise, the most frequently reported drugs are those targeting (i) EGFR (40 clinical trials), and more generally tyrosine kinase receptors (85 clinical trials) and (ii) VEGF/VEGFR (75 clinical trials of which 53 involving bevacizumab). But many other targets and drugs are of interest. They are all listed and thoroughly described, on an one-on-one basis, in four sections related to targeting (i) GBM stem cells and stem cell pathways, (ii) the growth autonomy and migration, (iii) the cell cycle and the escape to cell death, (iv) and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Marie-Cécile Mercier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
- Service de Pharmacie, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Laurence Choulier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
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25
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Giuliani P, Carluccio M, Ciccarelli R. Role of Purinome, A Complex Signaling System, In Glioblastoma Aggressiveness. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632622. [PMID: 33613296 PMCID: PMC7892952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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26
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Jin K, Mao C, Chen L, Wang L, Liu Y, Yuan J. Adenosinergic Pathway: A Hope in the Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E229. [PMID: 33435205 PMCID: PMC7826839 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors comprise different types of malignancies, most of which are originated from glial cells. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor with a poor response to conventional therapies and dismal survival rates (15 months) despite multimodal therapies. The development of immunotherapeutic strategies seems to be necessary to enhance the overall survival of GBM patients. So far, the immunotherapies applied in GBM had promising results in the primary phases of clinical trials but failed to continue their beneficial effects in later phases. GBM-microenvironment (GME) is a heterogenic and rigorously immunosuppressive milieu wrapping by an impenetrable blood-brain barrier. Hence, in-depth knowledge about the dominant immunosuppressive mechanisms in the GME could foster GBM immunotherapy. Recently, the adenosinergic pathway (AP) is found to be a major player in the suppression of antitumor immune responses in the GME. Tumor cells evolve to metabolize pro-inflammatory ATP to anti-inflammatory adenosine. Adenosine can suppress immune responses through the signaling of adenosine receptors on immune cells. The preclinical results targeting AP in GBM showed promising results in reinvigorating antitumor responses, overriding chemoresistance, and increasing survival. We reviewed the current GBM immunotherapies and elaborated on the role of AP in the immunopathogenesis, treatment, and even prognosis of GBM. We suggest that future clinical studies should consider this pathway in their combination therapies along with other immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 365, Renmin Eastern Road, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China; (C.M.); (L.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chunsen Mao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 365, Renmin Eastern Road, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China; (C.M.); (L.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 365, Renmin Eastern Road, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China; (C.M.); (L.C.); (Y.L.)
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Lude Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 365, Renmin Eastern Road, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 365, Renmin Eastern Road, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China; (C.M.); (L.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianlie Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 365, Renmin Eastern Road, Jinhua 321000, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Jeffrey JL, Lawson KV, Powers JP. Targeting Metabolism of Extracellular Nucleotides via Inhibition of Ectonucleotidases CD73 and CD39. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13444-13465. [PMID: 32786396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, unusually high concentrations of extracellular adenosine promote tumor proliferation through various immunosuppressive mechanisms. Blocking adenosine production by inhibiting nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes, such as ectonucleotidases CD73 and CD39, represents a promising therapeutic strategy that may synergize with other immuno-oncology mechanisms and chemotherapies. Emerging small-molecule ectonucleotidase inhibitors have recently entered clinical trials. This Perspective will outline challenges, strategies, and recent advancements in targeting this class with small-molecule inhibitors, including AB680, the first small-molecule CD73 inhibitor to enter clinical development. Specific case studies, including structure-based drug design and lead optimization, will be outlined. Preclinical data on these molecules and their ability to enhance antitumor immunity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Jeffrey
- Arcus Biosciences, 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Kenneth V Lawson
- Arcus Biosciences, 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
| | - Jay P Powers
- Arcus Biosciences, 3928 Point Eden Way, Hayward, California 94545, United States
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28
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Alarcón S, Toro MDLÁ, Villarreal C, Melo R, Fernández R, Ayuso Sacido A, Uribe D, San Martín R, Quezada C. Decreased Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ENT1) Activity Contributes to the High Extracellular Adenosine Levels in Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1914. [PMID: 32824670 PMCID: PMC7463503 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant types of cancer. This is mainly due to a cell subpopulation with an extremely aggressive potential, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These cells produce high levels of extracellular adenosine which has been associated with increased chemoresistance, migration, and invasion in glioblastoma. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the mechanisms that control extracellular adenosine levels in GSC subtypes. By using primary and U87MG-derived GSCs, we associated increased extracellular adenosine with the mesenchymal phenotype. [3H]-adenosine uptake occurred mainly through the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) in GSCs, but mesenchymal GSCs have lower expression and ENT1-mediated uptake activity than proneural GSCs. By analyzing expression and enzymatic activity, we determined that ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is predominantly expressed in proneural GSCs, driving AMPase activity. While in mesenchymal GSCs, both CD73 and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) contribute to the AMP (adenosine monophosphate) hydrolysis. We did not observe significant differences between the expression of proteins involved in the metabolization of adenosine among the GCSs subtypes. In conclusion, the lower expression and activity of the ENT1 transporter in mesenchymal GSCs contributes to the high level of extracellular adenosine that these GSCs present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - María de los Ángeles Toro
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Carolina Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rómulo Melo
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago 7500691, Chile; (R.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Rodrigo Fernández
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago 7500691, Chile; (R.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Angel Ayuso Sacido
- Brain Tumour Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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29
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Roh M, Wainwright DA, Wu JD, Wan Y, Zhang B. Targeting CD73 to augment cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 53:66-76. [PMID: 32777746 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) is a novel immunoinhibitory protein that plays a key role for tumor growth and metastasis. Its main function is to convert extracellular ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine in concert with CD39 in normal tissues to limit excessive immune response. However, tumors take advantage of the CD73-mediated adenosinergic mechanism to protect them from immune attack. In particular, inducible expression of CD73 along with other adenosinergic molecules on both cancer cells and host cells sustains immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by affecting multiple aspects of the immune response. Owing to its multifaceted capacity to tumor promotion as an emerging immune checkpoint, CD73 is an ideal therapeutic target for cancer treatment especially in combination with conventional therapy and/or other immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the roles of CD73 on tumor and immune cells and will highlight the therapeutic value of CD73 for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejeon Roh
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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D'Arrigo P, Tufano M, Rea A, Vigorito V, Novizio N, Russo S, Romano MF, Romano S. Manipulation of the Immune System for Cancer Defeat: A Focus on the T Cell Inhibitory Checkpoint Molecules. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2402-2448. [PMID: 30398102 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181106114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system actively counteracts the tumorigenesis process; a breakout of the immune system function, or its ability to recognize transformed cells, can favor cancer development. Cancer becomes able to escape from immune system control by using multiple mechanisms, which are only in part known at a cellular and molecular level. Among these mechanisms, in the last decade, the role played by the so-called "inhibitory immune checkpoints" is emerging as pivotal in preventing the tumor attack by the immune system. Physiologically, the inhibitory immune checkpoints work to maintain the self-tolerance and attenuate the tissue injury caused by pathogenic infections. Cancer cell exploits such immune-inhibitory molecules to contrast the immune intervention and induce tumor tolerance. Molecular agents that target these checkpoints represent the new frontier for cancer treatment. Despite the heterogeneity and multiplicity of molecular alterations among the tumors, the immune checkpoint targeted therapy has been shown to be helpful in selected and even histologically different types of cancer, and are currently being adopted against an increasing variety of tumors. The most frequently used is the moAb-based immunotherapy that targets the Programmed Cell Death 1 protein (PD-1), the PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) or the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4). However, new therapeutic approaches are currently in development, along with the discovery of new immune checkpoints exploited by the cancer cell. This article aims to review the inhibitory checkpoints, which are known up to now, along with the mechanisms of cancer immunoediting. An outline of the immune checkpoint targeting approaches, also including combined immunotherapies and the existing trials, is also provided. Notwithstanding the great efforts devoted by researchers in the field of biomarkers of response, to date, no validated FDA-approved immunological biomarkers exist for cancer patients. We highlight relevant studies on predictive biomarkers and attempt to discuss the challenges in this field, due to the complex and largely unknown dynamic mechanisms that drive the tumor immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D'Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Tufano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Vigorito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Novizio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Wu H, Wang C, Liu J, Zhou D, Chen D, Liu Z, Wu A, Yang L, Chang J, Luo C, Cheng W, Shen S, Bai Y, Mu X, Li C, Wang Z, Chen L. Evaluation of a tumor electric field treatment system in a rat model of glioma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:1168-1177. [PMID: 32734621 PMCID: PMC7564191 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glioma is a devastating disease lacking effective treatment. Tumor electric field therapy is emerging as a novel non‐invasive therapy. The current study evaluates the efficacy and safety of a self‐designed tumor electric field therapy system (TEFTS ASCLU‐300) in a rat orthotopic transplantation model of glioma. Methods A model of intracranial orthotopic transplantation was established in rats using glioma C6 cells. For electric field therapy, glioma‐bearing rats were exposed to alternating electric fields generated by a self‐developed TEFTS starting on either 1st (Group 2) or 3rd (Group 3) day after transplantation, while other conditions were maintained the same as non‐treated rats (Group 1). Glioma size, body weight, and overall survival (OS) were compared between groups. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to access tumor cell death and microvessel density within the tumor. In addition, the systemic effects of TEFTS on blood cells, vital organs, and hepatorenal functions were evaluated. Results TEFTS treatment significantly elongated the OS of tumor‐bearing rats compared with non‐treated rats (non‐treated vs treated: 24.77 ± 7.08 days vs 40.31 ± 19.11 days, P = .0031). Continuous TEFTS treatment starting on 1st or 3rd day significantly reduced glioma size at 2 and 3 weeks after tumor cell inoculation (Week 2: Group 1:289.95 ± 101.69 mm3; Group 2:70.45 ± 17.79 mm3; Group 3:73.88 ± 33.21 mm3, P < .0001. Week 3: Group 1:544.096 ± 78.53 mm3; Group 2:187.58 ± 78.44 mm3; Group 3:167.14 ± 109.96 mm3, P = .0005). Continuous treatment for more than 4 weeks inhibited tumor growth. The TEFTS treatment promoted tumor cell death, as demonstrated by increased number of Caspase 3+ cells within the tumor (non‐treated vs treated: 38.06 ± 10.04 vs 68.57 ± 8.09 cells/field, P = .0007), but had minimal effect on microvessel density, as shown by CD31 expression (non‐treated vs treated: 1.63 ± 0.09 vs 1.57 ± 0.13% of positively stained areas, P > .05). No remarkable differences were observed in hepatorenal function, blood cell counts, or other vital organs between non‐treated and treated groups. Conclusion The TEFTS developed by our research team was proved to be effective and safe to inhibit tumor growth and improve general outcomes in a rat model of brain glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Hunan An Tai Kang Cheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Dikang Chen
- Hunan An Tai Kang Cheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chengke Luo
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunjuan Bai
- Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Mu
- The Third Medical Center of The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
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Azambuja JH, Schuh RS, Michels LR, Gelsleichter NE, Beckenkamp LR, Lenz GS, de Oliveira FH, Wink MR, Stefani MA, Battastini AMO, Teixeira HF, Braganhol E. CD73 as a target to improve temozolomide chemotherapy effect in glioblastoma preclinical model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:1177-1182. [PMID: 32417936 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most devastating primary brain tumor and effective therapies are not available. Treatment is based on surgery followed by radio and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), but TMZ increases patient survival only by 2 months. CD73, an enzyme responsible for adenosine production, emerges as a target for glioblastoma treatment. Indeed, adenosine causes tumor-promoting actions and CD73 inhibition increases sensitivity to TMZ in vitro. Here, a cationic nanoemulsion to nasal delivery of siRNA CD73 (NE-siRNA CD73) aiming glioblastoma treatment was employed alone or in combination with TMZ. In vitro, two glioblastoma cell lines (C6 and U138MG) with a chemo-resistant profile were used. Treatment alone with NE-siRNA CD73 reduced C6 and U138MG glioma cell viability by 70% and 25%, respectively. On the other hand, when NE-siRNA + TMZ combined treatment was employed, a reduction of 85% and 33% of cell viability was observed. Notably, treatment with NE-siRNA CD73 of glioma-bearing Wistar rats reduced tumor size by 80%, 60% more than the standard chemotherapy with TMZ, but no synergistic or additive effect was observed in vivo. Additionally, NE-siRNA CD73, TMZ or combined therapy decreased adenosine levels in liquor confirming the importance of this nucleoside on in vivo GB growth. Finally, no hemolytic potential was observed. These results suggest that nasal administration of NE-siRNA CD73 exhibits higher antiglioma effect when compared to TMZ. However, no synergistic or additive in vivo was promoted by the therapeutic regimen employed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245-Prédio Principal, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - R S Schuh
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L R Michels
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - N E Gelsleichter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245-Prédio Principal, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - L R Beckenkamp
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245-Prédio Principal, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - G S Lenz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245-Prédio Principal, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | - M R Wink
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245-Prédio Principal, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - M A Stefani
- Departamento de Morfologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - H F Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245-Prédio Principal, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Townsend MH, Tellez Freitas CM, Larsen D, Piccolo SR, Weber KS, Robison RA, O'Neill KL. Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase expression is negatively correlated with immune activity through its regulation of purine synthesis. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151931. [PMID: 32291109 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of elevated Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) on the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. METHODOLOGY HPRT expression was evaluated in cancer patients and correlated with cytokine expression, survival, and immune cell infiltration. An HPRT knockdown cell line was created to evaluate HPRT impact on purine expression and subsequent purine treatment was administered to immune cells to determine their influence on cell activation. RESULTS HPRT expression was negatively correlated with the general expression of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, HPRT expression was also negatively correlated with the infiltration of immune cell subsets: B-cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells (p < 0.001) and CD8 + T-cells (p < 0.01). When HPRT was knocked down in a Raji cell line, the levels of adenosine were reduced significantly compared to the wild type. When examining the level of Ca2+ influx of Raji compared to the HPRT Raji knockdown cell, there was a significant decrease in calcium influx in the knockdown cells when compared to the wild type cells. This demonstrates that HPRT had a significant impact on overall cell activation and the ability of the cells to properly influx calcium needed for their activation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that purine levels significantly reduce immune cell activation in cancer and the upregulation of HPRT in malignant tissue is a contributing factors to the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Townsend
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Claudia M Tellez Freitas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Science, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Dallas Larsen
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Stephen R Piccolo
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Richard A Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Kim L O'Neill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Malacrida A, Rivara M, Di Domizio A, Cislaghi G, Miloso M, Zuliani V, Nicolini G. 3D proteome-wide scale screening and activity evaluation of a new ALKBH5 inhibitor in U87 glioblastoma cell line. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115300. [PMID: 31937477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The imidazobenzoxazin-5-thione MV1035, synthesized as a new sodium channel blocker, has been tested on tumoral cells that differ for origin and for expressed NaV pool (U87-MG, H460 and A549). In this paper we focus on the effect of MV1035 in reducing U87 glioblastoma cell line migration and invasiveness. Since the effect of this compound on U87-MG cells seemed not dependent on its sodium channel blocking capability, alternative off-target interaction for MV1035 have been identified using SPILLO-PBSS software. This software performs a structure-based in silico screening on a proteome-wide scale, that allows to identify off-target interactions. Among the top-ranked off-targets of MV1035, we focused on the RNA demethylase ALKBH5 enzyme, known for playing a key role in cancer. In order to prove the effect of MV1035 on ALKBH5 in vitro coincubation of MV1035 and ALKBH5 has been performed demonstrating a consequent increase of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA. To further validate the pathway involving ALKBH5 inhibition by MV1035 in U87-MG reduced migration and invasiveness, we evaluated CD73 as possible downstream protein. CD73 is an extrinsic protein involved in the generation of adenosine and is overexpressed in several tumors including glioblastoma. We have demonstrated that treating U87-MG with MV1035, CD73 protein expression was reduced without altering CD73 transcription. Our results show that MV1035 is able to significantly reduce U87 cell line migration and invasiveness inhibiting ALKBH5, an RNA demethylase that can be considered an interesting target in fighting glioblastoma aggressiveness. Our data encourage to further investigate the MV1035 inhibitory effect on glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Malacrida
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Mirko Rivara
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, PR, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Di Domizio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; SPILLOproject, via Stradivari 17, 20037 Paderno Dugnano, Milano, Italy(2)
| | - Giacomo Cislaghi
- SPILLOproject, via Stradivari 17, 20037 Paderno Dugnano, Milano, Italy(2)
| | - Mariarosaria Miloso
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuliani
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, PR, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
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Teixeira FC, Bruxel F, Azambuja JH, Berenguer AM, Stefani MA, Sévigny J, Spanevello RM, Battastini AMO, Teixeira HF, Braganhol E. Development and characterization of CD73-siRNA-loaded nanoemulsion: effect on C6 glioma cells and primary astrocytes. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:408-415. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1705485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C. Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, UFPEL, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bruxel
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Nanobiotecnologia e Nanotoxicologia, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Juliana H. Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, UFPEL, Pelotas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Marco A. Stefani
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d’immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Roselia M. Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, UFPEL, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana M. O. Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helder F. Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, UFPEL, Pelotas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Marcelino H, Nogueira VC, Santos CRA, Quelhas P, Carvalho TMA, Fonseca-Gomes J, Tomás J, Diógenes MJ, Sebastião AM, Cascalheira JF. Adenosine inhibits human astrocyte proliferation independently of adenosine receptor activation. J Neurochem 2019; 153:455-467. [PMID: 31811731 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain adenosine concentrations can reach micromolar concentrations in stressful situations such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases or hypoxic regions of brain tumours. Adenosine can act by receptor-independent mechanism by reversing the reaction catalysed by S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, leading to SAH accumulation and inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases. Astrocytes are essential in maintaining brain homeostasis but their pathological activation and uncontrolled proliferation plays a role in neurodegeneration and glioma. Adenosine can affect cell proliferation, but the effect of increased adenosine concentration on proliferation of astrocytes is not clarified and was addressed in present work. Human astrocytes (HA) were treated for 3 days with test drugs. Cell proliferation/viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium assay and by cell counting. Cell death was evaluated by assessing lactate dehydrogenase release and by western blot analysis of αII-Spectrin cleavage. 30 µM-Adenosine caused a 40% ± 3% (p < .05, n = 5) reduction in cell proliferation/viability, an effect reversed by 2U/ml-adenosine deaminase, but unchanged in the presence of antagonists of any of the adenosine receptors. Adenosine alone did not induce cell death. 100 µM-Homocysteine alone caused 16% ± 3% (p < .05) decrease in HA proliferation. Combined action of adenosine and homocysteine decreased HA proliferation by 76% ± 4%, an effect higher (p < .05) than the sum of the effects of adenosine and homocysteine alone (56% ± 5%). The inhibitory effect of adenosine on HA proliferation/viability was mimicked by two adenosine kinase inhibitors and attenuated in the presence of folate (100 µM) or SAM (50-100 µM). The results suggest that adenosine reduces HA proliferation by a receptor-independent mechanism probably involving reversal of SAH hydrolase-catalysed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcelino
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Vanda C Nogueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Quelhas
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Tomás
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José F Cascalheira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Inhibition of the Adenosinergic Pathway in Cancer Rejuvenates Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225698. [PMID: 31739402 PMCID: PMC6888217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine pathway plays a key role in modulating immune responses in physiological and pathological conditions. Physiologically, anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine balance pro-inflammatory adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), protecting tissues from damage caused by activated immune cells. Pathologically, increased adenosine monophosphatase (AMPase) activity in tumors leads to increased adenosine production, generating a deeply immunosuppressed microenvironment and promoting cancer progression. Adenosine emerges as a promising target for cancer therapy. It mediates protumor activities by inducing tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and migration/invasion by tumor cells. It also inhibits the functions of immune cells, promoting the formation of a tumor-permissive immune microenvironment and favoriting tumor escape from the host immune system. Pharmacologic inhibitors, siRNA or antibodies specific for the components of the adenosine pathway, or antagonists of adenosine receptors have shown efficacy in pre-clinical studies in various in vitro and in vivo tumor models and are entering the clinical arena. Inhibition of the adenosine pathway alone or in combination with classic immunotherapies offers a potentially effective therapeutic strategy in cancer.
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Adenosine Depletion as A New Strategy to Decrease Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells Aggressiveness. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111353. [PMID: 31671624 PMCID: PMC6912503 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the brain tumor with the worst prognosis. This is mainly due to a cell subpopulation with an extremely aggressive potential, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These cells produce high levels of extracellular adenosine, which are increased even more under hypoxic conditions. Under hypoxia, adenosine signaling is related to HIF-2α expression, enhancing cell aggressiveness. Adenosine can be degraded using recombinant adenosine deaminase (ADA) to revert its pathological effects. The aim of this study was to degrade adenosine using ADA in order to decrease malignancy of GSCs. Adenosine depletion was performed using recombinant ADA. Migration and invasion were measured by transwell and matrigel-coated transwell assay, respectively. HIF-2α-dependent cell migration/invasion decreased in GSCs treated with ADA under hypoxia. MRPs-mediated chemoresistance and colony formation decreased in treatment with ADA. In conclusion, adenosine depletion using adenosine deaminase decreases GSCs aggressiveness.
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Wang J, Matosevic S. NT5E/CD73 as Correlative Factor of Patient Survival and Natural Killer Cell Infiltration in Glioblastoma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101526. [PMID: 31547570 PMCID: PMC6832588 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73, a cell-surface protein encoded by the gene NT5E, is overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), where it contributes to the tumor’s pathophysiology via the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine. Adenosinergic signaling, in turn, drives immunosuppression of natural killer (NK) cells through metabolic and functional reprogramming. The correlation of CD73 with patient survival in relation to GBM pathology and the intratumoral infiltration of NK cells has not been comprehensively studied before. Here, we present an analysis of the prognostic relevance of CD73 in GBM based on transcriptional gene expression from patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Utilizing bioinformatics data mining tools, we explore the relationship between GBM prognosis, NT5E expression, and intratumoral presence of NK cells. Our analysis demonstrates that CD73 is a negative prognostic factor for GBM and that presence of NK cells may associate with improved prognosis. Moreover, the interplay between expression of NT5E and specific NK genes hints to potential functional effects of CD73 on NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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Arab S, Hadjati J. Adenosine Blockage in Tumor Microenvironment and Improvement of Cancer Immunotherapy. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e23. [PMID: 31501711 PMCID: PMC6722273 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been introduced into cancer treatment methods, but different problems have restricted the efficacy of these protocols in clinical trials such as the presence of various immunomodulatory factors in the tumor microenvironment. Adenosine is an immunosuppressive metabolite produced by the tumor to promote growth, invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion. Many studies about adenosine and its metabolism in cancer have heightened interest in pursuing this treatment approach. It seems that targeting the adenosine pathway in combination with immunotherapy may lead to efficient antitumor response. In this review, we provide information on the roles of both adenosine and CD73 in the immune system and tumor development. We also describe recent studies about combination therapy with both purinergic inhibitors and other immunotherapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Arab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Azambuja JH, Schuh RS, Michels LR, Gelsleichter NE, Beckenkamp LR, Iser IC, Lenz GS, de Oliveira FH, Venturin G, Greggio S, daCosta JC, Wink MR, Sevigny J, Stefani MA, Battastini AMO, Teixeira HF, Braganhol E. Nasal Administration of Cationic Nanoemulsions as CD73-siRNA Delivery System for Glioblastoma Treatment: a New Therapeutical Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:635-649. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chen S, Wainwright DA, Wu JD, Wan Y, Matei DE, Zhang Y, Zhang B. CD73: an emerging checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:983-997. [PMID: 31223045 PMCID: PMC6609898 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73 is a novel immune checkpoint associated with adenosine metabolism that promotes tumor progression by suppressing antitumor immune response and promoting angiogenesis. The inhibition of CD73, in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, targeted therapy or conventional therapy, improves antitumor effects in numerous preclinical mouse models of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that the combination of anti-CD73 and immune checkpoint blockade has promising clinical activity in patients with advanced solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss the specific role of CD73 on both tumor cells and nontumor cells in regulating tumor immunity and tumorigenesis and provide an update on the current view of the antitumor activity of targeting CD73 by mAb or small molecule selective inhibitors in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniela E Matei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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43
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The distinct role of CD73 in the progression of pancreatic cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:803-815. [PMID: 30927045 PMCID: PMC6525710 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-01742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Recent studies have shown that the non-enzymatic function of CD73 plays a key role in tumor progression, but this function of CD73 in pancreatic cancer cells has not been studied. Furthermore, little is known about the mechanism involved in CD73 regulation in tumors. Here, we found that CD73 expression was upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and that its expression correlated with poor prognosis. CD73 knockdown inhibited cell growth and induced G1 phase arrest via the AKT/ERK/cyclin D signaling pathway. We also found that tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 2 was involved in CD73-induced AKT and ERK signaling pathway activation in PDAC. Further, miR-30a-5p overexpression significantly increased the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer by directly targeting CD73 messenger RNA (mRNA), suggesting that regulation of the miR-30a-5p/CD73 axis may play an important role in the development of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. In summary, this regulatory network of CD73 appears to represent a new molecular mechanism underlying PDAC progression, and the mechanistic interaction between miR-30a-5p, CD73, and TNFR2 may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer. Key messages CD73 was upregulated in PDAC and correlated with poor prognosis. CD73 knockdown inhibited cell growth and induced G1 phase arrest. TNFR2 was involved in CD73-induced AKT and ERK signaling pathway. miR-30a-5p targeted CD73 and increased the sensitivity to gemcitabine.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-018-01742-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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44
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Park SM, Hwang CY, Cho SH, Lee D, Gong JR, Lee S, Nam S, Cho KH. Systems analysis identifies potential target genes to overcome cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer cells. FEBS J 2019; 286:1305-1318. [PMID: 30719834 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab (CTX), a monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor, is being widely used for colorectal cancer (CRC) with wild-type (WT) KRAS. However, its responsiveness is still very limited and WT KRAS is not enough to indicate such responsiveness. Here, by analyzing the gene expression data of CRC patients treated with CTX monotherapy, we have identified DUSP4, ETV5, GNB5, NT5E, and PHLDA1 as potential targets to overcome CTX resistance. We found that knockdown of any of these five genes can increase CTX sensitivity in KRAS WT cells. Interestingly, we further found that GNB5 knockdown can increase CTX sensitivity even for KRAS mutant cells. We unraveled that GNB5 overexpression contributes to CTX resistance by modulating the Akt signaling pathway from experiments and mathematical simulation. Overall, these results indicate that GNB5 might be a promising target for combination therapy with CTX irrespective of KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Park
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chae Young Hwang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Daewon Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ryeol Gong
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soobeom Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sohee Nam
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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45
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Torres Á, Erices JI, Sanchez F, Ehrenfeld P, Turchi L, Virolle T, Uribe D, Niechi I, Spichiger C, Rocha JD, Ramirez M, Salazar-Onfray F, San Martín R, Quezada C. Extracellular adenosine promotes cell migration/invasion of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells through A 3 Adenosine Receptor activation under hypoxia. Cancer Lett 2019; 446:112-122. [PMID: 30660649 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the brain tumor with the worst prognosis composed of a cell subpopulation called Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (GSCs) responsible for tumor recurrence mediated by cell invasion. GSCs persist in a hypoxic microenvironment which promotes extracellular adenosine production and activation of the A3 Adenosine Receptor (A3AR), therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of extracellular adenosine and A3AR on GSCs invasion under hypoxia. GSCs were obtained from a U87MG cell line and primary cultures of GBM patients, and then incubated under normoxia or hypoxia. Gene expression was evaluated by RNAseq, RT-qPCR, and western blot. Cell migration was measured by spreading and transwell boyden chamber assays; cell invasion was evaluated by Matrigel-coated transwell, ex vivo brain slice, and in vivo xenograft assays. The contribution of A3AR on cell migration/invasion was evaluated using the A3AR antagonist, MRS1220. Extracellular adenosine production was higher under hypoxia than normoxia, mainly by the catalytic action of the prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), promoting cell migration/invasion in a HIF-2-dependent process. A3AR blockade decreased cell migration/invasion and the expression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition markers. In conclusion, high levels of extracellular adenosine production enhance cell migration/invasion of GSCs, through HIF-2/PAP-dependent activation of A3AR under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángelo Torres
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jose Ignacio Erices
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fabiola Sanchez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular, Instituto de Anatomia, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, F-06108, France
| | - Laurent Turchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, F-06108, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108, France; Inserm, U1091, Nice, F-06108, France
| | - Thierry Virolle
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, F-06108, France; CNRS, UMR7277, F-06108, France; Inserm, U1091, Nice, F-06108, France
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - José Dellis Rocha
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcos Ramirez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago, Chile; Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo Lopez Perez (FALP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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46
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Cervical cancer cells produce TGF-β1 through the CD73-adenosine pathway and maintain CD73 expression through the autocrine activity of TGF-β1. Cytokine 2018; 118:71-79. [PMID: 30301599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, the adenosinergic pathway participates in the generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and in the promotion of tumor growth through the generation of adenosine (Ado). The present study analyzed the participation of Ado, generated through the functional activity of the cervical cancer (CeCa) pathway in CeCa cells, to induce the expression and secretion of TGF-β1, as well as the participation of this factor to maintain CD73 expression. Ado concentrations greater than 10 μM were necessary to induce an increase of over 50% in the production and expression of TGF-β1 in CeCa tumor cells. Blockade of A2AR and A2BR with the specific antagonists, ZM241385 and MRS1754, respectively, strongly reversed the production of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 produced by CeCa cells was necessary to maintain CD73 expression because the addition of anti-TGF-β neutralizing antibodies or the inhibition of TGF-βRI strongly reversed the expression of CD73 in the CeCa cells. These results suggested a feedback loop in CeCa cells that favors immunosuppressive activity through the production of TGF-β1 and Ado as well as the autocrine activity of TGF-β1 and expression of CD73.
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47
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Azambuja JH, Gelsleichter NE, Beckenkamp LR, Iser IC, Fernandes MC, Figueiró F, Battastini AMO, Scholl JN, de Oliveira FH, Spanevello RM, Sévigny J, Wink MR, Stefani MA, Teixeira HF, Braganhol E. CD73 Downregulation Decreases In Vitro and In Vivo Glioblastoma Growth. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3260-3279. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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48
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Zhu Q, Yan L, Liu Q, Zhang C, Wei L, Hu Q, Preus L, Clay-Gilmour AI, Onel K, Stram DO, Pooler L, Sheng X, Haiman CA, Zhu X, Spellman SR, Pasquini M, McCarthy PL, Liu S, Hahn T, Sucheston-Campbell LE. Exome chip analyses identify genes affecting mortality after HLA-matched unrelated-donor blood and marrow transplantation. Blood 2018; 131:2490-2499. [PMID: 29610366 PMCID: PMC5981168 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-817973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although survival outcomes have significantly improved, up to 40% of patients die within 1 year of HLA-matched unrelated-donor blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). To identify non-HLA genetic contributors to mortality after BMT, we performed the first exome-wide association study in the DISCOVeRY-BMT cohorts using the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip. This study includes 2473 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome and 2221 10/10 HLA-matched donors treated from 2000 to 2011. Single-variant and gene-level analyses were performed on overall survival (OS), transplantation-related mortality (TRM), and disease-related mortality (DRM). Genotype mismatches between recipients and donors in a rare nonsynonymous variant of testis-expressed gene TEX38 significantly increased risk of TRM, which was more dramatic when either the recipient or donor was female. Using the SKAT-O test to evaluate gene-level effects, variant genotypes of OR51D1 in recipients were significantly associated with OS and TRM. In donors, 4 (ALPP, EMID1, SLC44A5, LRP1), 1 (HHAT), and 2 genes (LYZL4, NT5E) were significantly associated with OS, TRM, and DRM, respectively. Inspection of NT5E crystal structures showed 4 of the associated variants affected the enzyme structure and likely decreased the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Further confirmation of these findings and additional functional studies may provide individualized risk prediction and prognosis, as well as alternative donor selection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Li Yan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Qian Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Lei Wei
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Qiang Hu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Leah Preus
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Kenan Onel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Xiaochun Zhu
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Stephen R Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Marcelo Pasquini
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Philip L McCarthy
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; and
| | - Song Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Theresa Hahn
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; and
| | - Lara E Sucheston-Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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49
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Rocha R, Torres Á, Ojeda K, Uribe D, Rocha D, Erices J, Niechi I, Ehrenfeld P, San Martín R, Quezada C. The Adenosine A₃ Receptor Regulates Differentiation of Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells to Endothelial Cells under Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041228. [PMID: 29670017 PMCID: PMC5979496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a neoplasm characterized by an extensive blood vessel network. Hypoxic niches of GBM can induce tumorigenic properties of a small cell subpopulation called Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and can also increase extracellular adenosine generation which activates the A₃ adenosine receptor (A₃AR). Moreover, GSCs potentiates the persistent neovascularization in GBM. The aim of this study was to determine if A₃AR blockade can reduce the vasculogenesis mediated by the differentiation of GSCs to Endothelial Cells (ECs) under hypoxia. We evaluated the expression of endothelial cell markers (CD31, CD34, CD144, and vWF) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by ELISA using MRS1220 (A₃AR antagonist) under hypoxia. We validate our results using U87MG-GSCs A₃AR knockout (GSCsA3-KO). The effect of MRS1220 on blood vessel formation was evaluated in vivo using a subcutaneous GSCs-tumor model. GSCs increased extracellular adenosine production and A₃AR expression under hypoxia. Hypoxia also increased the percentage of GSCs positive for endothelial cell markers and VEGF secretion, which was in turn prevented when using MRS1220 and in GSCsA3-KO. Finally, in vivo treatment with MRS1220 reduced tumor size and blood vessel formation. Blockade of A₃AR decreases the differentiation of GSCs to ECs under hypoxia and in vivo blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rocha
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Ángelo Torres
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Karina Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Dellis Rocha
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - José Erices
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
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50
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Torres A, Vargas Y, Uribe D, Jaramillo C, Gleisner A, Salazar-Onfray F, López MN, Melo R, Oyarzún C, San Martín R, Quezada C. Adenosine A3 receptor elicits chemoresistance mediated by multiple resistance-associated protein-1 in human glioblastoma stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67373-67386. [PMID: 27634913 PMCID: PMC5341882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MRP1 transporter correlates positively with glioma malignancy and the Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) phenotype in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Evidence shows that the MRP1 transporter is controlled by the adenosine signalling axis. The aim of this study was to identify the role of adenosine on the MDR phenotype in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (GSCs), the cell population responsible for the tumorigenic and chemoresistance capabilities of this tumour. We found that GSCs have increased intrinsic capacity to generate extracellular adenosine, thus controlling MRP1 transporter expression and activity via activation of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR). We showed PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways downstream A3AR to control MRP1 in GSCs. In vitro pharmacological blockade of A3AR had a chemosensitizing effect, enhancing the actions of antitumour drugs and decreasing cell viability and proliferation of GSCs. In addition, we produced an in vivo xenograft model by subcutaneous inoculation of human GSCs in NOD/SCID-IL2Rg null mice. Pharmacological blockade of A3AR generated a chemosensitizing effect, enhancing the effectiveness of the MRP1 transporter substrate, vincristine, reducing tumour size and the levels of CD44 and Nestin stem cell markers as well as the Ki-67 proliferation indicator. In conclusion, we demonstrated the chemosensitizing effect of A3AR blockade on GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Torres
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yosselyn Vargas
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Catherine Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra Gleisner
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes N López
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rómulo Melo
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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