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Hamidpour SK, Amiri M, Ketabforoush AHME, Saeedi S, Angaji A, Tavakol S. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38573414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran.
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Ketabforoush AHME, Tajik A, Habibi MA, Khoshsirat NA. Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis after Initiating Teriflunomide Treatment: A Challenging Case. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2024; 100:100732. [PMID: 38404915 PMCID: PMC10884338 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, during which vascular events, including atherosclerosis, are more common and progress faster. Teriflunomide (TFN) is an oral drug that studies have indicated has low side effects alongside high efficiency. In this article, a middle-aged woman with multiple sclerosis was introduced, whose medication was changed to TFN. Thirty-five days later, she presented with focal neurologic symptoms, and investigations reported a lacunar infarction. Having excluded potential causes of acute ischemic stroke, such as vascular and rheumatologic factors, the only identifiable factor was the introduction of a new medication. The process of conclusively attributing TFN as the causative agent requires further clarification in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Tajik
- Research Students Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Habibi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Nahid Abbasi Khoshsirat
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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3
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Montazerlotfelahi H, Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush A, Tavakol M, Ashrafi M, Dehghani M, Mostafavi K, Mardi S, Tajfirooz S. Safety and efficacy of levetiracetam and carbamazepine monotherapy in the management of pediatric focal epilepsy: a randomized clinical trial. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-02954-7. [PMID: 38265679 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to the limited number of studies in children with focal epilepsy and the importance of choosing the most suitable drug to control seizures in children, the administration of the most effective medication with the most negligible adverse events is vital. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse events of carbamazepine vs. levetiracetam monotherapy in children with focal seizures. A monocentric, randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial was designed. This study was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration number: IRCT20170216032603N2) on June 19, 2020, and conducted at the neurology department of Imam Ali Hospital, Karaj, Iran, from February 2020 to March 2021. This study assessed 120 patients with recently diagnosed focal seizures aged 2 to 14. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, who received carbamazepine (CBZ) 15 to 20 mg/kg and levetiracetam (LEV) 20 to 40 mg/kg daily, respectively. Patients were evaluated for improvement and complications at weeks 4, 12, and 24. Out of 120 patients included in the study, six patients were excluded due to various complications of CBZ. The mean number of seizures at the end of the fourth, twelfth, and twenty-fourth weeks were 1.09 ± 0.75, 0.62 ± 0.27, and 0.39 ± 0.12 in the carbamazepine group and 1.11 ± 0.63, 0.52 ± 0.21, and 0.37 ± 0.11 in the LEV group, respectively (P > 0.05). Similarly, the number of seizure-free patients was 34, 44, and 48 in the CBZ group compared to 41, 50, and 54 in the LEV group, respectively (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the frequency of somnolence, dermatologic complications, and agitation was considerably higher in the CBZ group (P < 0.05). Although both medicines were equally effective in seizure control, CBZ was associated with considerably more adverse events and less patient compliance. Physicians should be aware of this difference to prevent unwanted consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Montazerlotfelahi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Ali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Marzieh Tavakol
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Ashrafi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Dehghani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keihan Mostafavi
- Department of the Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sanaz Tajfirooz
- Department of the Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Ali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Vali-Asr St., Shora Ave, Karaj, Iran.
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Joghataei MT, Bakhtiarzadeh F, Dehghan S, Ketabforoush AHME, Golab F, Zarbakhsh S, Ahmadirad N. The role of neurotransmitters in glioblastoma multiforme-associated seizures. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:677-690. [PMID: 37563091 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GBM, or glioblastoma multiforme, is a brain tumor that poses a great threat to both children and adults, being the primary cause of death related to brain tumors. GBM is often associated with epilepsy, which can be debilitating. Seizures and the development of epilepsy are the primary symptoms that have a severe impact on the quality of life for GBM patients. It is increasingly apparent that the nervous system plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment for all cancer types, including GBM. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of how neurotransmitters control the progression of gliomas. Evidence suggests that neurotransmitters and neuromodulators found in the tumor microenvironment play crucial roles in the excitability, proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation of neurons, glial cells, and neural stem cells. The involvement of neurotransmitters appears to play a significant role in various stages of GBM. In this review, the focus is on presenting updated knowledge and emerging ideas regarding the interplay between neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as glutamate, GABA, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, and their relationship with GBM and the seizures induced by this condition. The review aims to explore the current understanding and provide new insights into the complex interactions between these neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the context of GBM-related seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Bakhtiarzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Dehghan
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sam Zarbakhsh
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ahmadirad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maleknia M, Ahmadirad N, Golab F, Katebi Y, Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush A. DNA Methylation in Cancer: Epigenetic View of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors. Epigenet Insights 2023; 16:25168657231199893. [PMID: 37720354 PMCID: PMC10504848 DOI: 10.1177/25168657231199893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in DNA methylation play an important role in cancer development and progression. Dietary nutrients and lifestyle behaviors can influence DNA methylation patterns and thereby modulate cancer risk. Introduction To comprehensively review available evidence on how dietary and lifestyle factors impact DNA methylation and contribute to carcinogenesis through epigenetic mechanisms. Materials and methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant studies published between 2005 and 2022 that examined relationships between dietary/lifestyle factors and DNA methylation in cancer. Studies investigating the effects of dietary components (eg, micronutrients, phytochemicals), physical activity, smoking, and obesity on global and gene-specific DNA methylation changes in animal and human cancer models were included. Data on specific dietary/lifestyle exposures, cancer types, DNA methylation targets and underlying mechanisms were extracted. Results Multiple dietary and lifestyle factors were found to influence DNA methylation patterns through effects on DNA methyltransferase activity, methyl donor availability, and generation of oxidative stress. Altered methylation of specific genes regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation were linked to cancer development and progression. Conclusion Dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at modulating DNA methylation have potential for both cancer prevention and treatment through epigenetic mechanisms. Further research is needed to identify actionable targets for nutrition and lifestyle-based epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Maleknia
- Noorgene Genetic & Clinical Laboratory, Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ahmadirad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasmina Katebi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Montazerlotfelahi H, Norouzi M, Askarimoghaddam F, Hashemnejad MA, Bastan Sarabi N, Qorbani M, Dehghani M, Ashrafi M, Mostafavi K, Ketabforoush AHME, Nikkhah A. Neurological Involvements in COVID-19: A hospital-based study. Iran J Child Neurol 2023; 17:69-80. [PMID: 37637789 PMCID: PMC10448850 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v17i2.36829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the most challenging crisis in the contemporary world. Besides severe pulmonary involvement, the disease also has several extrapulmonary manifestations, and new signs and symptoms are associated with it every dayThe present study aimed to inquire about the frequency of neurological manifestations and risk factors of COVID-19. Materials & Methods This retrospective, descriptive study included patients with neurological involvement admitted to the Alborz University of Medical Sciences academic hospitals from March 2020 to July 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The data included in the analysis were the patient's demographic information, underlying diseases, neurological manifestations, and laboratory findings. Results The study included ninety-five patients with a mean age of fifty-nine. Neurological symptoms and signs were observed in 91.6% and 10.5% of the patients, respectively. The most frequently associated neurological symptoms of COVID-19 were fatigue (49.5%), headache (47.4%), and dizziness (45.3%). Furthermore, the most common neurological involvements included gait disorders (6.3%), cerebellar dysfunction (4.2%), and cerebrovascular accidents (3.15%). Positive troponin was shown to be the strongest predictor of neurological signs (OR=21, P=0.017), followed by WBC≥15,000 (OR = 20.75, P=0.018) and a history of respiratory disease (OR=7.42, P=0.007). Conclusion Neurological symptoms were observed in more than 91% of the patients, while neurological signs were present in 10.5% of the COVID-19 patients. Additionally, positive troponin, WBC≥15,000, and a history of respiratory disease were the strongest predictors of neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Montazerlotfelahi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Imam Ali Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of medical sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Norouzi
- Department of the Pediatrics, Imam Ali Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Forough Askarimoghaddam
- Department of the Pediatrics, Imam Ali Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Niusha Bastan Sarabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Dehghani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences of Islamic Azad, University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Ashrafi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keihan Mostafavi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Nikkhah
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Faghihi F, Larijani G, Mohebbi L, Ketabforoush AHME, Amini N, Mardasi KG. Efficacy of fibroblast transplantation in the healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis scar: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2023; 11:2050313X231181171. [PMID: 37342423 PMCID: PMC10278424 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x231181171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous fibroblast transplantation has been proven to be a promising method in wound healing with no side effects. This is the first study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of autologous fibroblast cell injection to the atrophic scar caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis as an endemic disease in many middle-eastern countries. It causes chronic skin lesions and permanently disfiguring scars. Autologous fibroblasts were obtained from the patient's ear skin and were injected intradermally twice at 2-month intervals. Outcomes were measured using ultrasonography, VisioFace, and Cutometer. No adverse reaction was observed. The results showed improvements in epidermal thickness and density, melanin level, and skin lightening. Moreover, the skin elasticity in the scar area increased after the second transplantation. No improvement was observed in dermal thickness and density. A longer follow-up with more patients is recommended to investigate the effectiveness of fibroblast transplantation better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Larijani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lena Mohebbi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Naser Amini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Sabaei M, Rahimian S, Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush A, Rasoolijazi H, Zamani B, Hajiakhoundi F, Soleimani M, Shahidi G, Faramarzi M. Salivary levels of disease-related biomarkers in the early stages of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease: A cross-sectional study. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:285-292. [PMID: 36942319 PMCID: PMC10023984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Finding a non-invasive and repeatable tool has been recommended to make an accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods 70 volunteers participated in three groups: 24 with mild dementia of AD, 24 in the first and second stages of PD, and 22 healthy controls. After valuing the scores of cognitive tests, the salivary levels of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), total alpha-synuclein (α-syn), and beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ) proteins have been evaluated. Finally, the cutoff points, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), sensitivity, and specificity have been calculated to find accurate and detectable biomarkers. Results Findings showed that the salivary level of Aβ was higher in both PD (p < 0.01) and AD (p < 0.001) patients than in controls. Moreover, the level of α-syn in both PD and AD patients was similarly lower than in controls (p < 0.05). However, the level of p-tau was only higher in the AD group than in the control (p < 0.01). Salivary Aβ 1-42 level at a 60.3 pg/ml cutoff point revealed an excellent performance for diagnosing AD (AUC: 0.81). Conclusion Evaluation of p-tau, α-syn, and Aβ 1-42 levels in the saliva of AD and PD patients could help the early diagnosis. The p-tau level might be valuable for differentiation between AD and PD. Therefore, these hopeful investigations could be done to reduce the usage of invasive diagnostic methods, which alone is a success in alleviating the suffering of AD and PD patients. Moreover, introducing accurate salivary biomarkers according to the pathophysiology of AD and PD should be encouraged.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ, Beta-amyloid 1–42
- BDRS, Blessed Dementia Rating Scale
- Beta-amyloid
- CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid
- CT scan, Computed tomography scan
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- MDS-UPDRS, MDS-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale
- MMSE, MCI (mild cognitive impairment mini-mental state examination
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment
- NFTs, Neurofibrillary Tangles
- NIA-AA, National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- Parkinson's disease
- Phosphorylated tau
- ROC, Receiver operating characteristic
- Total alpha-synuclein
- p-tau, Phosphorylated tau
- α-syn, Total alpha-synuclein
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Sabaei
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Rahimian
- Dentistry School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Homa Rasoolijazi
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Zamani
- Neurology Department, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahime Hajiakhoundi
- Neurology Department, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamali Shahidi
- Neurology Department, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Faramarzi
- Research center of pediatric infectious diseases, institute of immunology and infectious diseases, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Ketabforoush AHME, Chegini R, Barati S, Tahmasebi F, Moghisseh B, Joghataei MT, Faghihi F, Azedi F. Masitinib: The promising actor in the next season of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis treatment series. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114378. [PMID: 36774721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with high mortality and morbidity rate affecting both upper and lower motor neurons (MN). Muscle force reduction, behavioral change, pseudobulbar affect, and cognitive impairments are the most common clinical manifestations of ALS. The main physiopathology of ALS is still unclear, though several studies have identified that oxidative stress, proteinopathies, glutamate-related excitotoxicity, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. From 1995 until October 2022, only Riluzole, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide (DH) with Quinidine sulfate (Q), Edaravone, and Sodium phenylbutyrate with Taurursodiol (PB/TUDCO) have achieved FDA approval for ALS treatment. Despite the use of these four approved agents, the survival rate and quality of life of ALS patients are still low. Thus, finding novel treatments for ALS patients is an urgent requirement. Masitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, emphasizes the neuro-inflammatory activity of ALS by targeting macrophages, mast cells, and microglia cells. Masitinib downregulates the proinflammatory cytokines, indirectly reduces inflammation, and induces neuroprotection. Also, it was effective in phase 2/3 and 3 clinical trials (CTs) by increasing overall survival and delaying motor, bulbar, and respiratory function deterioration. This review describes the pathophysiology of ALS, focusing on Masitinib's mechanism of action and explaining why Masitinib could be a promising actor in the treatment of ALS patients. In addition, Masitinib CTs and other competitor drugs in phase 3 CTs have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rojin Chegini
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bardia Moghisseh
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Azedi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush A, Molaverdi G, Nirouei M, Abbasi Khoshsirat N. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following intracerebral hemorrhage after
COVID
‐19
AstraZeneca
vaccination: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6505. [PMID: 36397844 PMCID: PMC9664546 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The patient was a 55‐year‐old female patient who presented with sudden onset of left hemiplegia, facial hemiparesis, and hypoesthesia. She has received her first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID‐19 vaccine. This case indicates that vaccination may raise the hypercoagulable state even in a condition of post‐ICH and anticoagulant prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghazale Molaverdi
- Student Research Committee Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Matineh Nirouei
- Student Research Committee Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Nahid Abbasi Khoshsirat
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU) of Shahid Rajaei Hospital Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
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11
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Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush A, Bahadorinia M, Dolatshahi E, Nozarian Z, Abbasi Khoshsirat N. IgG4
‐related disease associated with the primary manifestation of recurrent cerebral venous thrombosis: A rare case report. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6324. [PMID: 36177072 PMCID: PMC9474911 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous system involvement in IgG4‐related systemic disease (IgG4‐RD) is rarely reported and manifests as hypertrophic pachymeningitis and hypophysitis. In this report, a 33‐year‐old woman with neurological manifestations was diagnosed with IgG4‐RD by biopsy. The patient showed improvement in symptoms after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahsa Bahadorinia
- Student Research Committee Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Elahe Dolatshahi
- Department of Rheumatology Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU) of Shahid Rajaei Hospital Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Zohreh Nozarian
- Department of Pathology Farabi Eye Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nahid Abbasi Khoshsirat
- Department of Neurology Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU) of Shahid Rajaei Hospital Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
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Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush A, Abbasi Khoshsirat N, Maghoul A, Nirouei M, Dolatshahi E. Acute polyneuropathy as the main manifestation of primary Sjogren’s syndrome: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05828. [PMID: 35582167 PMCID: PMC9083809 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome is an inflammatory disease affecting many systems. We report a Sjogren case with the presenting feature of an acute motor‐predominant polyneuropathy resembling Guillain–Barre syndrome. Upon further investigation, it was found that the patient had sicca symptoms for months. Scrupulous history should be taken to prevent a missed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahid Abbasi Khoshsirat
- Clinical Research Development Unit Shahid Rajaei Educational & Medical Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Arman Maghoul
- Student Research Committee Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Matineh Nirouei
- Student Research Committee Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
| | - Elahe Dolatshahi
- Clinical Research Development Unit Shahid Rajaei Educational & Medical Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
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Abdolhosseini M, Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush A, Parhizgar P, Tavallaei M. Multiple Complex Complications After Redo Bariatric Surgery (Infrequent Complication: Fistula Between the Splenic Artery and the Remnant of the Stomach): A Case Report. Clin Med Insights Case Rep 2022; 15:11795476221088494. [PMID: 35465626 PMCID: PMC9021477 DOI: 10.1177/11795476221088494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the epidemic prevalence of obesity in today’s society, bariatric surgery has become very popular in treating severe obesity. Although the complications of this surgery have decreased with the advancement of medicine and post-treatment care, there are still complications that can lead to death if neglected. In this case report, we present a 44-year-old patient who underwent redo bariatric surgery. She was discharged from the hospital in good general condition but returned a few days later with a major complaint of abdominal pain and sudden bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. After performing CT and endoscopy and considering the results, the patient underwent laparotomy, which showed a fistula between the splenic artery and the remnant of the stomach. After surgery and after the recovery period, the patient was discharged from the hospital. In this case report, we describe for the first time an uncommon and unique complication following redo bariatric surgery. We suggest that a fistula between the splenic artery and the remnant of the stomach should be considered in patients with abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent redo bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parynaz Parhizgar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tavallaei
- Department of General Surgery, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hashami L, Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush A, Nirouei M. Giant cell arteritis with rare manifestations of stroke and internal carotid artery dissection: A case study. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05597. [PMID: 35340656 PMCID: PMC8935122 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arthritis is a systemic vasculitis. A 51‐year‐old man was presented with sudden onset of right‐side blurred vision, frozen movements, and ptosis in the right eye and left side paresis. The diagnosis of GCA with first manifestations of stroke and carotid dissection may be neglected as an underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hashami
- Department of NeurologyAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | | | - Matineh Nirouei
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
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Tavallaei M, Bahadorinia M, Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush A. Intentional Ingestion of a Metallic Wire Causing Perforation and Retroperitoneal Abscess: A Case Report. Clin Med Insights Case Rep 2021; 14:11795476211025919. [PMID: 34262387 PMCID: PMC8252360 DOI: 10.1177/11795476211025919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Foreign body ingestion is a frequent condition, with the majority of foreign bodies (FBs) tending to spontaneously proceed along the gastrointestinal tract without any major complications. A wide range of procedures are available to remove FBs; however, a real challenge exists in managing sharp, rigid, and long foreign objects, which are related to higher rates of complications. A 34-year-old man who intentionally swallowed a metallic wire of 20 cm length, presented to our ED with abdominal pain 2 weeks after the ingestion. The FB had migrated to the stomach and duodenum. Complications included perforation of the duodenum and ascending colon and a retroperitoneal abscess. FB removal was done via laparotomy, followed by the repair of perforations and damaged tissues. This case highlights the complications of a FB presence in the gastrointestinal tract for 14 days and emphasizes the importance of urgent and appropriate management of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Tavallaei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Bahadorinia
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Abstract
Endosalpingiosis is a rare, benign, challenging and hard-to-diagnose condition. Specific comorbidities may co-exist in patients with endosalpingiosis. Endosalpingiosis can present with abdominal pain and be easily misdiagnosed. Endosalpingiosis can occur at any age but is considerd a disease of older age. Endosalpingiosis is an incidental finding in gynecological procedures.
Introduction Endosalpingiosis is a rare condition and its pathogenesis and clinical significance are not fully understood. The unfamiliar presentation of this disease can misguide health care professionals. The reports available on this matter describe it as a disease of older age. In the majority of the cases it is an incidental finding in those with other concurrent gynecologic conditions. Presentation of Case Here we report the case of a 14-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain and no specific past medical history. Imaging and physical examination were highly suggestive of appendicitis. With the initial diagnosis of acute abdomen, she underwent surgery. During the surgery gastrointestinal tract organs were found to be normal and in gynecological examination, the ovaries were normal, however the fallopian tube revealed a twisted paratubal cyst which was removed and sent to the laboratory for further investigation. On the basis of the cellular pathology, tubal like epithelium in the cyst was found and patient diagnosed with endosalpingiosis. Discussion We suggest that in our case, the lesion possibly originated from the metaplasia of coelomic membrane into tubal cells. There are studies suggesting that co-occuring diseases should be considered when the diagnosis of endosalpingiosis is established and further studies are needed in regard to this matter. Conclusion Endosalpingiosis, although being a rare condition, should be included in our differential diagnosis since co-existing comorbidities are a possibility in patients with endosalpingiosis and can be of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Tavallaei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Mahsa Bahadorinia
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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