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Lin LC, Liu ZY, Tu B, Song K, Sun H, Zhou Y, Sha JM, Zhang Y, Yang JJ, Zhao JY, Tao H. Epigenetic signatures in cardiac fibrosis: Focusing on noncoding RNA regulators as the gatekeepers of cardiac fibroblast identity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127593. [PMID: 37898244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play a pivotal role in cardiac fibrosis by transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which synthesis and secrete a large number of extracellular matrix proteins. Ultimately, this will lead to cardiac wall stiffness and impaired cardiac performance. The epigenetic regulation and fate reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts has been advanced considerably in recent decades. Non coding RNAs (microRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs) regulate the functions and behaviors of cardiac fibroblasts, including proliferation, migration, phenotypic transformation, inflammation, pyroptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, which can provide the basis for novel targeted therapeutic treatments that abrogate activation and inflammation of cardiac fibroblasts, induce different death pathways in cardiac fibroblasts, or make it sensitive to established pathogenic cells targeted cytotoxic agents and biotherapy. This review summarizes our current knowledge in this field of ncRNAs function in epigenetic regulation and fate determination of cardiac fibroblasts as well as the details of signaling pathways contribute to cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, we will comment on the emerging landscape of lncRNAs and circRNAs function in regulating signal transduction pathways, gene translation processes and post-translational regulation of gene expression in cardiac fibroblast. In the end, the prospect of cardiac fibroblasts targeted therapy for cardiac fibrosis based on ncRNAs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Bin Tu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - He Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Ji-Ming Sha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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D’Agostino M, Mauro D, Zicarelli M, Carullo N, Greco M, Andreucci M, Coppolino G, Bolignano D. miRNAs in Uremic Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5425. [PMID: 36982497 PMCID: PMC10049249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic Cardiomyopathy (UCM) is an irreversible cardiovascular complication that is highly pervasive among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, particularly in End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) individuals undergoing chronic dialysis. Features of UCM are an abnormal myocardial fibrosis, an asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy with subsequent diastolic dysfunction and a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis where underlying biological mechanisms remain partly undefined. In this paper, we reviewed the key evidence available on the biological and clinical significance of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in UCM. miRNAs are short, noncoding RNA molecules with regulatory functions that play a pivotal role in myriad basic cellular processes, such as cell growth and differentiation. Deranged miRNAs expression has already been observed in various diseases, and their capacity to modulate cardiac remodeling and fibrosis under either physiological or pathological conditions is well acknowledged. In the context of UCM, robust experimental evidence confirms a close involvement of some miRNAs in the key pathways that are known to trigger or worsen ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis. Moreover, very preliminary findings may set the stage for therapeutic interventions targeting specific miRNAs for ameliorating heart damage. Finally, scant but promising clinical evidence may suggest a potential future application of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for improving risk stratification in UCM as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Davide Bolignano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna-Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa SNC, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Hu S, Wang J, Deng G, Zhou Z. AMPK/Sirt1-mediated inflammation is positively correlated with myocardial fibrosis during ageing. Acta Cardiol 2022; 77:826-835. [PMID: 36378531 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2119667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world, and it increases dramatically with ageing. The objective of this study was to elucidate age-dependent molecular changes of inflammation and its correlation with the progression of myocardial fibrosis. METHODS Methods: Male SD rats aged 3, 6, 9 and 24 months were used in this study. H&E staining was used to assessed histo-morphological changes in different ages. Masson's trichrome staining was used to evaluate myocardial fibrosis. Immunofluorescence as well as western blot was carried out to detect the expression of vimentin. Real-time PCR was used to detect the level of pro-inflammatory chemokines MCP-1, IL1β, TNFα and IL-6. Western blotting was also carried out to detect p-AMPK, Sirt1, AC-NF-κB expression. RESULTS Myocardial pathological changes and fibrosis are positively correlated with age. Ageing rats showed an enhanced expression of inflammatory factors and the activation of cardiac fibroblasts increases. Meanwhile, the expression of p-AMPK, Sirt1 and downstream AC-NF-κB increased significantly during ageing. Furthermore, the 15-24 months of age in rats is the fastest changing stage of increased inflammation and decreased Sirt1 activity. CONCLUSIONS Ageing is an independent risk factor for the occurrence and development of myocardial fibrosis. During ageing, myocardial fibroblasts are activated, accompanied by an increase in extracellular matrix deposition. The inflammation mediated by AMPK/Sirt1/NF-κB signalling pathway is closely positively correlated with the activation of myocardial fibroblasts and the progression of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xulan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jin'er Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Gaigai Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Han X, Peng C, Huang L, Luo X, Mao Q, Wu S, Zhang H. EGCG prevents pressure overload‑induced myocardial remodeling by downregulating overexpression of HDAC5 in mice. Int J Mol Med 2021; 49:11. [PMID: 34841436 PMCID: PMC8691946 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodeling is a complex pathological process and its mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated whether epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) prevents myocardial remodeling by regulating histone acetylation and explored the mechanisms underlying this effect in the heart of a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). A TAC mouse model was created by partial thoracic aortic banding (TAB). Subsequently, TAC mice were injected with EGCG at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks. The hearts of mice were collected for analysis 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TAC. Histopathological changes in the heart were observed by hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome and wheat germ agglutinin staining. Protein expression levels were investigated using western blotting. Cardiac function of mice was detected by echocardiography. The level of histone acetylated lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac) first increased and then decreased in the hearts of mice at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TAC. The expression levels of two genes associated with pathological myocardial remodeling, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also increased initially but then decreased. The expression levels of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) gradually increased in the hearts of mice at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after TAC. Furthermore, EGCG increased acetylation of H3K27ac by inhibiting HDAC5 in the heart of TAC mice treated with EGCG for 12 weeks. EGCG normalized the transcriptional activity of heart nuclear transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2A in TAC mice treated for 12 weeks. The low expression levels of myocardial remodeling‑associated genes (ANP and BNP) were reversed by EGCG treatment for 12 weeks in TAC mice. In addition, EGCG reversed cardiac enlargement and improved cardiac function and survival in TAC mice when treated with EGCG for 12 weeks. Modification of the HDAC5‑mediated imbalance in histone H3K27ac served a key role in pathological myocardial remodeling. The present results show that EGCG prevented and delayed myocardial remodeling in TAC mice by inhibiting HDAC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Chang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Huanting Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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Lv S, Yuan P, Lu C, Dong J, Li M, Qu F, Zhu Y, Zhang J. QiShenYiQi pill activates autophagy to attenuate reactive myocardial fibrosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5525-5538. [PMID: 33582656 PMCID: PMC7950250 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the dose-effect relationship of its intervention in the reactive myocardial fibrosis is elusive. In this work, rat models of reactive myocardial fibrosis induced by partial abdominal aortic coarctation were constructed and randomly classified into the model group, 3-methyladenine group, rapamycin group, QSYQ low-dose group, QSYQ medium-dose group, QSYQ high-dose group, and sham-operated rats (control group). We revealed that QSYQ lowered the heart mass index (HMI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) levels in a dose-dependent mechanism. Additionally, QSYQ increased the number of autophagosomes, and the expression of myocardial Beclin-1 and LC3B. In contrast, it reduced the expression of myocardial p62 and decreased the ratios of myocardial p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR. In conclusion, our results have revealed that QSYQ impacts anti-reactive myocardial fibrosis in a dose-dependent mechanism which is mediated by the activation of myocardial autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Chunmiao Lu
- Jiashan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Dong
- Health Center of Balitai Town, Jinnan, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meng Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Fan Qu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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Li X, Yang Y, Chen S, Zhou J, Li J, Cheng Y. Epigenetics-based therapeutics for myocardial fibrosis. Life Sci 2021; 271:119186. [PMID: 33577852 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a reactive remodeling process in response to myocardial injury. It is mainly manifested by the proliferation of cardiac muscle fibroblasts and secreting extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to replace damaged tissue. However, the excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix, and the rising proportion of type I and type III collagen lead to pathological fibrotic remodeling, thereby facilitating the development of cardiac dysfunction and eventually causing heart failure with heightened mortality. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of MF are still not fully understood. With the development of epigenetics, it is found that epigenetics controls the transcription of pro-fibrotic genes in MF by DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNAs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the research progress of the mechanisms underlying MF from the perspective of epigenetics, including the newest m6A modification and crosstalk between different epigenetics in MF. We also offer a succinct overview of promising molecules targeting epigenetic regulators, which may provide novel therapeutic strategies against MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Sixuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhang GX, Che LS, Shi SH, Li YT. miR‑212 promotes renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting hypoxia‑inducible factor 1‑α inhibitor. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:189. [PMID: 33495813 PMCID: PMC7809912 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is one of the common causes, and a major pathological basis for the development of various types of chronic progressive renal to end-stage renal diseases. Therefore, it is important to clarify the underlying mechanisms of disease progression in order to develop effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of these pathologies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between microRNA (miR)-212 expression and the development of renal interstitial fibrosis, as well as analyzing the role of miR-212 in the disease. The expression of miR-212 was significantly increased in the peripheral blood of patients with renal interstitial fibrosis and in the kidney tissues of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. Angiotensin (Ang) II, TGF-β1 and hypoxia were found to increase the expression of miR-212 and α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in NRK49F cells. Ang II stimulation induced the expression of miR-212 and α-SMA in NRK49F cells, while transfection of miR-212 mimics further upregulated the expression of α-SMA. miR-212 was also revealed to target hypoxia-inducible factor 1α inhibitor (HIF1AN) and to upregulate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, α-SMA, connective tissue growth factor, collagen α-1(I) chain and collagen α-1(III) chain, whereas HIF1AN overexpression reversed the regulatory effects of miR-212. In UUO mice, miR-212 overexpression promoted the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis, whereas inhibiting miR-212 resulted in the opposite effect. These results indicated that high expression of miR-212 was closely associated with the occurrence of renal interstitial fibrosis, and that miR-212 may promote its development by targeting HIF1AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Shuang Che
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Han Shi
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ting Li
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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8
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Williams LM, McCann FE, Cabrita MA, Layton T, Cribbs A, Knezevic B, Fang H, Knight J, Zhang M, Fischer R, Bonham S, Steenbeek LM, Yang N, Sood M, Bainbridge C, Warwick D, Harry L, Davidson D, Xie W, Sundstrӧm M, Feldmann M, Nanchahal J. Identifying collagen VI as a target of fibrotic diseases regulated by CREBBP/EP300. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20753-20763. [PMID: 32759223 PMCID: PMC7456151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004281117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality, yet there are few effective therapies. The underlying pathology of all fibrotic conditions is the activity of myofibroblasts. Using cells from freshly excised disease tissue from patients with Dupuytren's disease (DD), a localized fibrotic disorder of the palm, we sought to identify new therapeutic targets for fibrotic disease. We hypothesized that the persistent activity of myofibroblasts in fibrotic diseases might involve epigenetic modifications. Using a validated genetics-led target prioritization algorithm (Pi) of genome wide association studies (GWAS) data and a broad screen of epigenetic inhibitors, we found that the acetyltransferase CREBBP/EP300 is a major regulator of contractility and extracellular matrix production via control of H3K27 acetylation at the profibrotic genes, ACTA2 and COL1A1 Genomic analysis revealed that EP300 is highly enriched at enhancers associated with genes involved in multiple profibrotic pathways, and broad transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of CREBBP/EP300 inhibition by the chemical probe SGC-CBP30 identified collagen VI (Col VI) as a prominent downstream regulator of myofibroblast activity. Targeted Col VI knockdown results in significant decrease in profibrotic functions, including myofibroblast contractile force, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, chemotaxis, and wound healing. Further evidence for Col VI as a major determinant of fibrosis is its abundant expression within Dupuytren's nodules and also in the fibrotic foci of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Thus, Col VI may represent a tractable therapeutic target across a range of fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona E McCann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Marisa A Cabrita
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Layton
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Cribbs
- Botnar Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Bogdan Knezevic
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Hai Fang
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Knight
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Biotherapeutics Department, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Bonham
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Leenart M Steenbeek
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nan Yang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Sood
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, Mid and South Essex National Health Service Foundation Trust, Chelmsford CM1 4ET, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bainbridge
- Pulvertaft Hand Surgery Centre, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Derby DE22 3NE, United Kingdom
| | - David Warwick
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Harry
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, East Grinstead RH19 3DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St. John's Hospital, Livingston, West Lothian EH54 6PP, United Kingdom
| | - Weilin Xie
- Biotherapeutics Department, Celgene Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Michael Sundstrӧm
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Karolinska Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom;
| | - Jagdeep Nanchahal
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom;
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9
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Hart DA, Zernicke RF. Optimal Human Functioning Requires Exercise Across the Lifespan: Mobility in a 1g Environment Is Intrinsic to the Integrity of Multiple Biological Systems. Front Physiol 2020; 11:156. [PMID: 32174843 PMCID: PMC7056746 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that achieving and maintaining a healthier lifestyle can be enhanced through regular participation in sport and physical activity. Coevally, a growing number of health professionals regard exercise as a legitimate intervention strategy for those who have lost their health. Exercise has been shown to be effective for overweight or obese individuals, who are at risk to lose their health due to development of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, as well as, infiltration of muscles, bone and other organs with fat, so it can be considered medicine. However, exercise and associated mobility likely also have a strong prevention component that can effectively contribute to the maintenance of the integrity of multiple biological systems for those who do not have overt risk factors or ongoing disease. While prevention is preferred over intervention in the context of disease, it is clear that exercise and associated mobility, generally, can be an effective influence, although overtraining and excessive loading can be deleterious to health. The basis for the generally positive influence of exercise likely lies in the fact that many of our physiological systems are designed to function in the mechanically dynamic and active 1g environment of Earth (e.g., muscles, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bones, and cardiovascular system, and neuro-cognitive function), and nearly all these systems subscribe to the "use it or lose it" paradigm. This conclusion is supported by the changes observed over the more than 50 years of space flight and exposure to microgravity conditions. Therefore, the premise advanced is: "exercise is preventative for loss of health due to age-related decline in the integrity of several physiological systems via constant reinforcement of those systems, and thus, optimal levels of exercise and physical activity are endemic to, essential for, and intrinsic to optimal health and wellbeing."
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hart
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, Bone and Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ronald F. Zernicke
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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10
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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Peng B, Han X, Peng C, Luo X, Deng L, Huang L. G9α-dependent histone H3K9me3 hypomethylation promotes overexpression of cardiomyogenesis-related genes in foetal mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1036-1045. [PMID: 31746096 PMCID: PMC6933410 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause foetal alcohol syndrome and congenital heart disease. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism of alcohol‐induced cardiac dysplasia remains unknown. We previously reported that alcohol exposure during pregnancy can cause abnormal expression of cardiomyogenesis‐related genes, and histone H3K9me3 hypomethylation was observed in alcohol‐treated foetal mouse heart. Hence, an imbalance in histone methylation may be involved in alcohol‐induced cardiac dysplasia. In this study, we investigated the involvement of G9α histone methyltransferase in alcohol‐induced cardiac dysplasia in vivo and in vitro using heart tissues of foetal mice and primary cardiomyocytes of neonatal mice. Western blotting revealed that alcohol caused histone H3K9me3 hypomethylation by altering G9α histone methyltransferase expression in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, overexpression of cardiomyogenesis‐related genes (MEF2C, Cx43, ANP and β‐MHC) was observed in alcohol‐exposed foetal mouse heart. Additionally, we demonstrated that G9α histone methyltransferase directly interacted with histone H3K9me3 and altered its methylation. Notably, alcohol did not down‐regulate H3K9me3 methylation after G9α suppression by short hairpin RNA in primary mouse cardiomyocytes, preventing MEF2C, Cx43, ANP and β‐MHC overexpression. These findings suggest that G9α histone methyltransferase‐mediated imbalance in histone H3K9me3 methylation plays a critical role in alcohol‐induced abnormal expression cardiomyogenesis‐related genes during pregnancy. Therefore, G9α histone methyltransferase may be an intervention target for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohui Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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12
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Piccirillo F, Carpenito M, Verolino G, Chello C, Nusca A, Lusini M, Spadaccio C, Nappi F, Di Sciascio G, Nenna A. Changes of the coronary arteries and cardiac microvasculature with aging: Implications for translational research and clinical practice. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 184:111161. [PMID: 31647940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging results in functional and structural changes in the cardiovascular system, translating into a progressive increase of mechanical vessel stiffness, due to a combination of changes in micro-RNA expression patterns, autophagy, arterial calcification, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. The two pivotal mechanisms of aging-related endothelial dysfunction are oxidative stress and inflammation, even in the absence of clinical disease. A comprehensive understanding of the aging process is emerging as a primary concern in literature, as vascular aging has recently become a target for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Change of life-style, diet, antioxidant regimens, anti-inflammatory treatments, senolytic drugs counteract the pro-aging pathways or target senescent cells modulating their detrimental effects. Such therapies aim to reduce the ineluctable burden of age and contrast aging-associated cardiovascular dysfunction. This narrative review intends to summarize the macrovascular and microvascular changes related with aging, as a better understanding of the pathways leading to arterial aging may contribute to design new mechanism-based therapeutic approaches to attenuate the features of vascular senescence and its clinical impact on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camilla Chello
- Dermatology, Università "La Sapienza" di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Lusini
- Cardiovascular surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Nappi
- Cardiac surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord de Saint Denis, Paris, France
| | | | - Antonio Nenna
- Cardiovascular surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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13
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Ferioli M, Zauli G, Maiorano P, Milani D, Mirandola P, Neri LM. Role of physical exercise in the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms in inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging process. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14852-14864. [PMID: 30767204 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The genetic heritage for decades has been considered to respond only to gene promoters or suppressors, with specific roles for oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes. Epigenetics is progressively attracting increasing interest because it has demonstrated the capacity of these regulatory processes to regulate the gene expression without modifying gene sequence. Several factors may influence epigenetics, such as lifestyles including food selection. A role for physical exercise is emerging in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this review, we resume physiological and pathological implications of epigenetic modification induced by the physical activity (PA). Inflammation and cancer mechanisms, immune system, central nervous system, and the aging process receive benefits due to PA through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, the modulation of epigenetic processes by physical exercise positively influences prevention, development, and the course of inflammatory and cancer diseases, as well as neurodegenerative illnesses. This growing field of studies gives rise to a new role for PA as an option in prevention strategies and to integrate pharmacological therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ferioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Maiorano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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14
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Li Y, Dong J, Shang Y, Zhao Q, Li P, Wu B. Anti-inflammatory effects of hederagenin on diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting NF-κB and Smads signaling pathways in a type-2 diabetic mice model. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26238-26247. [PMID: 35531007 PMCID: PMC9070383 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hederagenin (HED) is a bioactive natural compound of pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from many medicinal plants. It has a wide range of antitumor cytotoxic effects and significant anti-inflammation effects. However, at present, it is unclear whether HED can inhibit cardiac remodelling caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HED on pathological abnormalities in cardiac structures and cardiac insufficiency caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy and focused on the inflammatory signalling pathways of the diabetic heart. Treatment with HED reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, the heart and body mass of diabetic db/db mice but had no effect on fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Moreover, after HED treatment, the cardiac dysfunction of diabetic mice was relieved, and myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis decreased. Furthermore, HED inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Smads and decreased the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and Smads. Additionally, the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and collagen I, which are target downstream molecules of the NF-κB and Smads signalling pathways, were also decreased in diabetic hearts. Taken together, our findings suggest that the cardioprotective effect of HED may be achieved by reducing the activation of inflammation-associated NF-κB and Smads signalling. We suggest that the protective effect of HED on the diabetic heart, as revealed in this study, should be further explored in-depth to elucidate its cell biology and molecular mechanisms. Hederagenin (HED) is a bioactive natural compound of pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from many medicinal plants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Junli Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yinghui Shang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China.,Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital Xining China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District Wuhan 430022 China +8615607189460
| | - Bin Wu
- Laboratory of Platelet and Endothelium Biology, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology No. 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District Wuhan 430022 China +8615607189460
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15
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Rai R, Sun T, Ramirez V, Lux E, Eren M, Vaughan DE, Ghosh AK. Acetyltransferase p300 inhibitor reverses hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3026-3031. [PMID: 30710427 PMCID: PMC6433695 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we reported that acetyltransferase p300 (ATp300) inhibitor L002 prevents hypertension‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in a murine model. In this short communication, we show that treatment of hypertensive mice with ATp300‐specific small molecule inhibitor L002 or C646 reverses hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction, without reducing elevated blood pressures. Biochemically, treatment with L002 and C646 also reverse hypertension‐induced histone acetylation and myofibroblast differentiation in murine ventricles. Our results confirm and extend the role of ATp300, a major epigenetic regulator, in the pathobiology of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Most importantly, we identify the efficacies of ATp300 inhibitors C646 and L002 in reversing hypertension‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and discover new anti‐hypertrophic and anti‐fibrotic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rai
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Tianjiao Sun
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Veronica Ramirez
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth Lux
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mesut Eren
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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16
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Locatelli P, Giménez CS, Vega MU, Crottogini A, Belaich MN. Targeting the Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle for Heart Regeneration. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 20:241-254. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180801122551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) exhibit limited proliferative capacity, as cell cycle
activity leads to an increase in DNA content, but mitosis and cytokinesis are infrequent. This
makes the heart highly inefficient in replacing with neoformed cardiomyocytes lost contractile cells as
occurs in diseases such as myocardial infarction and dilated cardiomyopathy. Regenerative therapies
based on the implant of stem cells of diverse origin do not warrant engraftment and electromechanical
connection of the new cells with the resident ones, a fundamental condition to restore the physiology
of the cardiac syncytium. Consequently, there is a growing interest in identifying factors playing relevant
roles in the regulation of the CM cell cycle to be targeted in order to induce the resident cardiomyocytes
to divide into daughter cells and thus achieve myocardial regeneration with preservation of
physiologic syncytial performance.
Despite the scientific progress achieved over the last decades, many questions remain unanswered, including
how cardiomyocyte proliferation is regulated during heart development in gestation and neonatal
life. This can reveal unknown cell cycle regulation mechanisms and molecules that may be manipulated
to achieve cardiac self-regeneration.
We hereby revise updated data on CM cell cycle regulation, participating molecules and pathways recently
linked with the cell cycle, as well as experimental therapies involving them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Locatelli
- Laboratorio de Regeneracion Cardiovascular, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingenieria (IMETTYB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Favaloro, Solis 453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Sebastián Giménez
- Laboratorio de Regeneracion Cardiovascular, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingenieria (IMETTYB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Favaloro, Solis 453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Uranga Vega
- Laboratorio de Regeneracion Cardiovascular, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingenieria (IMETTYB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Favaloro, Solis 453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Crottogini
- Laboratorio de Regeneracion Cardiovascular, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingenieria (IMETTYB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Favaloro, Solis 453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Nicolás Belaich
- Laboratorio de Ingenieria Genetica y Biologia Celular y Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Roque Saenz Pena 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Felisbino MB, McKinsey TA. Epigenetics in Cardiac Fibrosis: Emphasis on Inflammation and Fibroblast Activation. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:704-715. [PMID: 30456341 PMCID: PMC6234501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modifications to nucleosomal DNA and histone tails greatly influence transcription of adjacent and distant genes, a mode of gene regulation referred to as epigenetic control. Here, the authors summarize recent findings that have illustrated crucial roles for epigenetic regulatory enzymes and reader proteins in the control of cardiac fibrosis. Particular emphasis is placed on epigenetic regulation of stress-induced inflammation and fibroblast activation in the heart. The potential of developing innovative small molecule "epigenetic therapies" to combat cardiac fibrosis is highlighted.
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Key Words
- Ang II, angiotensin II
- BET, bromodomain and extraterminal protein
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- IL, interleukin
- KDM, lysine demethylase
- KMT, lysine methyltransferase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- SASP, senescent-associated secretory phenotype
- SE, super-enhancer
- SMA, smooth muscle actin
- TET, ten-eleven translocation
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TSA, trichostatin A
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- VPA, valproic acid
- epigenetics
- fibroblast
- fibrosis
- inflammation
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina B Felisbino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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18
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He Y, Ling S, Sun Y, Sheng Z, Chen Z, Pan X, Ma G. DNA methylation regulates α-smooth muscle actin expression during cardiac fibroblast differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7174-7185. [PMID: 30362530 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblast (CF) differentiation to myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) plays a key role in cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, a study of the mechanism regulating α-SMA expression is a means to understanding the mechanism of fibroblast differentiation and cardiac fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that DNA methylation is associated with gene expression and is related to the development of tissue fibrosis. However, the mechanisms by which CF differentiation is regulated by DNA methylation remain unclear. Here, we explored the epigenetic regulation of α-SMA expression and its relevance in CF differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that α-SMA was overexpressed and DNMT1 expression was downregulated in the infarct area after myocardial infarction. Treatment of CFs with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 ) in vitro upregulated α-SMA expression via epigenetic modifications. TGF-β1 also inhibited DNMT1 expression and activity during CF differentiation. In addition, α-SMA expression was regulated by DNMT1. Conversely, increasing DNMT1 expression levels rescued the TGF-β1 -induced upregulation of α-SMA expression. Finally, TGF-β1 regulated α-SMA expression by inhibiting the DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation of the α-SMA promoter. Taken together, our research showed that inhibition of the DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation of the α-SMA promoter plays an essential role in CF differentiation. In addition, DNMT1 may be a new target for the prevention and treatment of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru He
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sunkai Ling
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuning Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zulong Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongpu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Tao J, Zhang M, Wen Z, Wang B, Zhang L, Ou Y, Tang X, Yu X, Jiang Q. Inhibition of EP300 and DDR1 synergistically alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1727-1733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Specific Cell (Re-)Programming: Approaches and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:71-115. [PMID: 29071403 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many disorders are manifested by dysfunction of key cell types or their disturbed integration in complex organs. Thereby, adult organ systems often bear restricted self-renewal potential and are incapable of achieving functional regeneration. This underlies the need for novel strategies in the field of cell (re-)programming-based regenerative medicine as well as for drug development in vitro. The regenerative field has been hampered by restricted availability of adult stem cells and the potentially hazardous features of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, ethical concerns and legal restrictions regarding the generation and use of ESCs still exist. The establishment of direct reprogramming protocols for various therapeutically valuable somatic cell types has overcome some of these limitations. Meanwhile, new perspectives for safe and efficient generation of different specified somatic cell types have emerged from numerous approaches relying on exogenous expression of lineage-specific transcription factors, coding and noncoding RNAs, and chemical compounds.It should be of highest priority to develop protocols for the production of mature and physiologically functional cells with properties ideally matching those of their endogenous counterparts. Their availability can bring together basic research, drug screening, safety testing, and ultimately clinical trials. Here, we highlight the remarkable successes in cellular (re-)programming, which have greatly advanced the field of regenerative medicine in recent years. In particular, we review recent progress on the generation of cardiomyocyte subtypes, with a focus on cardiac pacemaker cells. Graphical Abstract.
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Aging-Induced Biological Changes and Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7156435. [PMID: 29984246 PMCID: PMC6015721 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7156435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by functional decline in homeostatic regulation and vital cellular events. This process can be linked with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we discussed aging-induced biological alterations that are associated with CVDs through the following aspects: (i) structural, biochemical, and functional modifications; (ii) autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation; (iii) epigenetic alterations; and (iv) atherosclerosis and stroke development. Aging-mediated structural and biochemical modifications coupled with gradual loss of ANS regulation, vascular stiffening, and deposition of collagen and calcium often disrupt cardiovascular system homeostasis. The structural and biochemical adjustments have been consistently implicated in the progressive increase in mechanical burden and functional breakdown of the heart and vessels. In addition, cardiomyocyte loss in this process often reduces adaptive capacity and cardiovascular function. The accumulation of epigenetic changes also plays important roles in the development of CVDs. In summary, the understanding of the aging-mediated changes remains promising towards effective diagnosis, discovery of new drug targets, and development of new therapies for the treatment of CVDs.
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22
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Clarke GD, Nathanielsz PW. 'Stiffening the sinews of the heart'. J Physiol 2018; 596:2279-2280. [PMID: 29676799 PMCID: PMC6002227 DOI: 10.1113/jp276234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D. Clarke
- Department of Radiology and Research Imaging InstituteThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesLaramieWYUSA
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23
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Zhao XD, Qin RH, Yang JJ, Xu SS, Tao H, Ding XS, Shi KH. DNMT3A controls miR-200b in cardiac fibroblast autophagy and cardiac fibrosis. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:681-690. [PMID: 29786779 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Regulation of microRNA gene expression by DNA methylation may represent a key mechanism to drive cardiac fibrosis progression. Cardiac fibroblast autophagy is the primary source of cardiac fibrosis, but the mechanisms underlying this process are incompletely understood. Here we found that DNMT3A suppression of the microRNA-200b (miR-200b) through pathway leads to cardiac fibroblast autophagy in cardiac fibrosis. METHODS To understand the impact of DNMT3A on miR-200b at cardiac fibrosis, the rat cardiac fibrosis model was established via the abdominal aortic coarctation. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were harvested from SD neonate rats and cultured. The expression of DNMT3A, miR-200b, collagen I was measured by western blotting, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Gain- or loss-of-function approaches were used to manipulate DNMT3A and miR-200b. RESULTS DNMT3A level was upregulated and negatively correlated with miR-200b expression in fibrosis tissues and cardiac fibroblast. We found that autophagy was activated by miR-200b inhibitor and inactivated by miR-200b mimic in the rat cardiac fibroblast. Knockdown of DNMT3A notably increased the expression of miR-200b. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that DNMT3A regulation of miR-200b controls cardiac fibroblast autophagy during cardiac fibrosis and provide a basis for the development of therapies for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Run-He Qin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Sheng-Song Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China. .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
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Calderon-Margalit R, Skorecki K, Vivante A. History of Childhood Kidney Disease and Risk of Adult End-Stage Renal Disease. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1750-1. [PMID: 29719181 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1802894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Skorecki
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Kwa FA, Jackson DE. Manipulating the epigenome for the treatment of disorders with thrombotic complications. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:719-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rai R, Verma SK, Kim D, Ramirez V, Lux E, Li C, Sahoo S, Wilsbacher LD, Vaughan DE, Quaggin SE, Ghosh AK. A novel acetyltransferase p300 inhibitor ameliorates hypertension-associated cardio-renal fibrosis. Epigenetics 2017; 12:1004-1013. [PMID: 28933600 PMCID: PMC5788418 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1370173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-associated end-organ damage commonly leads to cardiac and renal fibrosis. As no effective anti-fibrotic therapy currently exists, the unchecked progression of fibrogenesis manifests as cardio-renal failure and early death. We have previously shown that FATp300-p300 with intrinsic factor acetyltransferase activity-is an essential epigenetic regulator of fibrogenesis, and is elevated in several fibrotic tissues. In this report, we investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel FATp300 inhibitor, L002, in a murine model of hypertensive cardio-renal fibrosis. Additionally, we examine the effects of L002 on cellular pro-fibrogenic processes and provide mechanistic insights into its antifibrogenic action. Utilizing cardiac fibroblasts, podocytes, and mesangial cells, we demonstrate that L002 blunts FATp300-mediated acetylation of specific histones. Further, incubating cells with L002 suppresses several pro-fibrogenic processes including cellular proliferation, migration, myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis. Importantly, systemic administration of L002 in mice reduces hypertension-associated pathological hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis and renal fibrosis. The anti-hypertrophic and anti-fibrotic effects of L002 were independent of blood pressure regulation. Our work solidifies the role of epigenetic regulator FATp300 in fibrogenesis and establishes it as a pharmacological target for reducing pathological matrix remodeling and associated pathologies. Additionally, we discover a new therapeutic role of L002, as it ameliorates hypertension-induced cardio-renal fibrosis and antagonizes pro-fibrogenic responses in fibroblasts, podocytes and mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rai
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Suresh K Verma
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - David Kim
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Veronica Ramirez
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Elizabeth Lux
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Chengjin Li
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Lisa D Wilsbacher
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Asish K Ghosh
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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27
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Worst TS, Daskalova K, Steidler A, Berner-Leischner K, Röth R, Niesler B, Weis CA, Kriegmair MC, Erben P, Pfalzgraf D. Novel insights into a reputably irreversible process: combined mRNA and miRNA profiling of tissue from vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis after radical prostatectomy. World J Urol 2017. [PMID: 28634911 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-017-2060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Until recently, tissue fibrosis-ultimately leading to permanent scaring-has been considered an irreversible process. However, recent findings indicate that it may be reversible after all. Vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS) as fibrous narrowing is a frequent complication after radical prostatectomy with high recurrence rates and requires invasive treatment. The pathophysiology is poorly understood. Therefore, a combined mRNA and miRNA transcription profiling in tissue from VUAS was performed using nCounter technology. METHODS To assess tissue morphology and fiber composition, histochemical staining was performed. RNA expression of healthy and fibrotic tissue of twelve patients was analyzed using the human miRNA panel v3 and mRNA PanCancer pathway panel on the nCounter gene1 system and qRT-PCR. Differential expression data analysis was performed using the nSolver software implementing the R-based advanced pathway analysis tool. miRWalk2.0 was used for miRNA target prediction. RESULTS More linearized tissue architecture, increased collagens, and decreased elastic fibers were observed in VUAS samples. 23 miRNAs and 118 protein coding genes were differentially expressed (p < 0.01) in fibrotic tissue. miRNA target prediction and overlap analysis indicated an interaction of the strongest deregulated miRNAs with 29 deregulated mRNAs. Pathway analysis revealed alterations in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and TGF-beta signaling. qRT-PCR confirmed differential expression of top deregulated miRNAs and mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS In VUAS tissue, severe alterations on mRNA and miRNA level are found. These consistent changes give insights into the pathogenesis of VUAS after radical prostatectomy and point to future options for transcriptomics-based risk stratification and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Worst
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Daskalova
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Steidler
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Berner-Leischner
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R Röth
- nCounter Core Facility, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C-A Weis
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M C Kriegmair
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Erben
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D Pfalzgraf
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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