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Niu W, Yu H, Fan X, Li S, Sun S, Gong M, Zhang S, Bi W, Chen X, Fang Z. Development of stemness-related signature to optimize prognosis prediction and identify XMD8-85 as a novel therapeutic compound for glioma. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111231. [PMID: 38768760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is a highly invasive and aggressive type of brain cancer with poor treatment response. Stemness-related transcription factors form a regulatory network that sustains the malignant phenotype of gliomas. We conducted an integrated analysis of stemness-related transcription factors using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) datasets, established the characteristics of stemness-related transcription factors, including Octamer-Binding Protein 4 (OCT4), Meis Homeobox 1 (MEIS1), E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2F1), Transcription Factor CP2 Like 1 (TFCP2L1), and RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1). The characteristic of stemness-related transcription factors was identified as an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients. Patients in the high-risk group have a worse prognosis than those in the low-risk group. The glioma microenvironment in the high-risk group exhibited a more active immune status. Single-cell level analysis revealed that stem cell-like cells exhibited stronger intercellular communication than glioma cells. Meanwhile, patients in different risk stratification exhibited varying sensitivities to immunotherapy and small molecule drug therapy. XMD8-85 was more effective in the high-risk group, and its antitumor effects were validated both in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that this prognostic feature will assist clinicians in predicting the prognosis of glioma patients, guiding immunotherapy and personalized treatment, as well as the potential clinical application of XMD8-85 in glioma treatment, and helping to develop effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiang Niu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huihan Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuyang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Suling Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meiting Gong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenxu Bi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueran Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Toriseva M, Björkgren I, Junnila A, Mehmood A, Mattsson J, Raimoranta I, Kim B, Laiho A, Nees M, Elo L, Poutanen M, Breton S, Sipilä P. RUNX transcription factors are essential in maintaining epididymal epithelial differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:183. [PMID: 38630262 PMCID: PMC11023966 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Apart from the androgen receptor, transcription factors (TFs) that are required for the development and formation of the different segments of the epididymis have remained unknown. We identified TF families expressed in the developing epididymides, of which many showed segment specificity. From these TFs, down-regulation of runt related transcription factors (RUNXs) 1 and 2 expression coincides with epithelial regression in Dicer1 cKO mice. Concomitant deletion of both Runx1 and Runx2 in a mouse epididymal epithelial cell line affected cell morphology, adhesion and mobility in vitro. Furthermore, lack of functional RUNXs severely disturbed the formation of 3D epididymal organoid-like structures. Transcriptomic analysis of the epididymal cell organoid-like structures indicated that RUNX1 and RUNX2 are involved in the regulation of MAPK signaling, NOTCH pathway activity, and EMT-related gene expression. This suggests that RUNXs are master regulators of several essential signaling pathways, and necessary for the maintenance of proper differentiation of the epididymal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Toriseva
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ida Björkgren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arttu Junnila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arfa Mehmood
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesse Mattsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Inka Raimoranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bongki Kim
- Program in Membrane Biology/Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnam-do, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthias Nees
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Elo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Breton
- Program in Membrane Biology/Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center-CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Chen X, Wang L, Yang M, Zhao W, Tu J, Liu B, Yuan X. RUNX transcription factors: biological functions and implications in cancer. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38430423 PMCID: PMC10908630 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) are a family of transcription factors that are essential for normal and malignant hematopoietic processes. Their most widely recognized role in malignancy is to promote the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia. However, it is worth noting that during the last decade, studies of RUNX proteins in solid tumors have made considerable progress, suggesting that these proteins are directly involved in different stages of tumor development, including tumor initiation, progression, and invasion. RUNX proteins also play a role in tumor angiogenesis, the maintenance of tumor cell stemness, and resistance to antitumor drugs. These findings have led to the consideration of RUNX as a tumor biomarker. All RUNX proteins are involved in the occurrence and development of solid tumors, but the role of each RUNX protein in different tumors and the major signaling pathways involved are complicated by tumor heterogeneity and the interacting tumor microenvironment. Understanding how the dysregulation of RUNX in tumors affects normal biological processes is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RUNX affects malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Li C, Yang L, Zhang Y, Hou Q, Wang S, Lu S, Tao Y, Hu W, Zhao L. Integrating single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses to develop a cancer-associated fibroblast-derived biomarker for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1307588. [PMID: 38235137 PMCID: PMC10791883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1307588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to the progression and treatment of breast cancer (BRCA); however, risk signatures and molecular targets based on CAFs are limited. This study aims to identify novel CAF-related biomarkers to develop a risk signature for predicting the prognosis and therapeutic response of patients with BRCA. Methods CAF-related genes (CAFRGs) and a risk signature based on these genes were comprehensively analyzed using publicly available bulk and single-cell transcriptomic datasets. Modular genes identified from bulk sequencing data were intersected with CAF marker genes identified from single-cell analysis to obtain reliable CAFRGs. Signature CAFRGs were screened via Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses. Multiple patient cohorts were used to validate the prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness of high-risk patients stratified based on the CAFRG-based signature. In addition, the relationship between the CAFRG-based signature and clinicopathological factors, tumor immune landscape, functional pathways, chemotherapy sensitivity and immunotherapy sensitivity was examined. External datasets were used and sample experiments were performed to examine the expression pattern of MFAP4, a key CAFRG, in BRCA. Results Integrated analyses of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data as well as prognostic screening revealed a total of 43 prognostic CAFRGs; of which, 14 genes (TLN2, SGCE, SDC1, SAV1, RUNX1, PDLIM4, OSMR, NT5E, MFAP4, IGFBP6, CTSO, COL12A1, CCDC8 and C1S) were identified as signature CAFRGs. The CAFRG-based risk signature exhibited favorable efficiency and accuracy in predicting survival outcomes and clinicopathological progression in multiple BRCA cohorts. Functional enrichment analysis suggested the involvement of the immune system, and the immune infiltration landscape significantly differed between the risk groups. Patients with high CAF-related risk scores (CAFRSs) exhibited tumor immunosuppression, enhanced cancer hallmarks and hyposensitivity to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Five compounds were identified as promising therapeutic agents for high-CAFRS BRCA. External datasets and sample experiments validated the downregulation of MFAP4 and its strong correlation with CAFs in BRCA. Conclusions A novel CAF-derived gene signature with favorable predictive performance was developed in this study. This signature may be used to assess prognosis and guide individualized treatment for patients with BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanjie Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianshan Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoteng Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesia Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity & Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Singla RK, Wang X, Gundamaraju R, Joon S, Tsagkaris C, Behzad S, Khan J, Gautam R, Goyal R, Rakmai J, Dubey AK, Simal-Gandara J, Shen B. Natural products derived from medicinal plants and microbes might act as a game-changer in breast cancer: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11880-11924. [PMID: 35838143 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2097196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent neoplasm among women. Genetic and environmental factors lead to BC development and on this basis, several preventive - screening and therapeutic interventions have been developed. Hormones, both in the form of endogenous hormonal signaling or hormonal contraceptives, play an important role in BC pathogenesis and progression. On top of these, breast microbiota includes both species with an immunomodulatory activity enhancing the host's response against cancer cells and species producing proinflammatory cytokines associated with BC development. Identification of novel multitargeted therapeutic agents with poly-pharmacological potential is a dire need to combat advanced and metastatic BC. A growing body of research has emphasized the potential of natural compounds derived from medicinal plants and microbial species as complementary BC treatment regimens, including dietary supplements and probiotics. In particular, extracts from plants such as Artemisia monosperma Delile, Origanum dayi Post, Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny, Krameria lappacea (Dombey) Burdet & B.B. Simpson and metabolites extracted from microbes such as Deinococcus radiodurans and Streptomycetes strains as well as probiotics like Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus brevis MK05 have exhibited antitumor effects in the form of antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, increase in tumors' chemosensitivity, antioxidant activity and modulation of BC - associated molecular pathways. Further, bioactive compounds like 3,3'-diindolylmethane, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, rutin, resveratrol, lycopene, sulforaphane, silibinin, rosmarinic acid, and shikonin are of special interest for the researchers and clinicians because these natural agents have multimodal action and act via multiple ways in managing the BC and most of these agents are regularly available in our food and fruit diets. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that such products had major potential in enhancing the effectiveness of conventional antitumor agents and decreasing their side effects. We here provide a comprehensive review of the therapeutic effects and mechanistic underpinnings of medicinal plants and microbial metabolites in BC management. The future perspectives on the translation of these findings to the personalized treatment of BC are provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shikha Joon
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Jaruporn Rakmai
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Krajnović M, Kožik B, Božović A, Jovanović-Ćupić S. Multiple Roles of the RUNX Gene Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Potential Clinical Implications. Cells 2023; 12:2303. [PMID: 37759525 PMCID: PMC10527445 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers in humans, characterised by a high resistance to conventional chemotherapy, late diagnosis, and a high mortality rate. It is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes. The Runt-related (RUNX) family of transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3) participates in cardinal biological processes and plays paramount roles in the pathogenesis of numerous human malignancies. Their role is often controversial as they can act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors and depends on cellular context. Evidence shows that deregulated RUNX genes may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis from the earliest to the latest stages. In this review, we summarise the topical evidence on the roles of RUNX gene family members in HCC. We discuss their possible application as non-invasive molecular markers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel treatment strategies in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bojana Kožik
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Vinča, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (A.B.); (S.J.-Ć.)
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Khan AS, Campbell KJ, Cameron ER, Blyth K. The RUNX/CBFβ Complex in Breast Cancer: A Conundrum of Context. Cells 2023; 12:641. [PMID: 36831308 PMCID: PMC9953914 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting and identifying the major actors and pathways in the genesis, progression and aggressive advancement of breast cancer is challenging, in part because neoplasms arising in this tissue represent distinct diseases and in part because the tumors themselves evolve. This review attempts to illustrate the complexity of this mutational landscape as it pertains to the RUNX genes and their transcription co-factor CBFβ. Large-scale genomic studies that characterize genetic alterations across a disease subtype are a useful starting point and as such have identified recurring alterations in CBFB and in the RUNX genes (particularly RUNX1). Intriguingly, the functional output of these mutations is often context dependent with regards to the estrogen receptor (ER) status of the breast cancer. Therefore, such studies need to be integrated with an in-depth understanding of both the normal and corrupted function in mammary cells to begin to tease out how loss or gain of function can alter the cell phenotype and contribute to disease progression. We review how alterations to RUNX/CBFβ function contextually ascribe to breast cancer subtypes and discuss how the in vitro analyses and mouse model systems have contributed to our current understanding of these proteins in the pathogenesis of this complex set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba S. Khan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsteen J. Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Ewan R. Cameron
- School of Biodiversity One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Fernández NB, Sosa SM, Roberts JT, Recouvreux MS, Rocha-Viegas L, Christenson JL, Spoelstra NS, Couto FL, Raimondi AR, Richer JK, Rubinstein N. RUNX1 Is Regulated by Androgen Receptor to Promote Cancer Stem Markers and Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030444. [PMID: 36766786 PMCID: PMC9913961 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype for which no effective targeted therapies are available. Growing evidence suggests that chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells with stem-like properties (CSC) may repopulate the tumor. The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in up to 50% of TNBCs, and AR inhibition decreases CSC and tumor initiation. Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) correlates with poor prognosis in TNBC and is regulated by the AR in prostate cancer. Our group has shown that RUNX1 promotes TNBC cell migration and regulates tumor gene expression. We hypothesized that RUNX1 is regulated by the AR and that both may work together in TNBC CSC to promote disease recurrence following chemotherapy. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments in MDA-MB-453 revealed AR binding to RUNX1 regulatory regions. RUNX1 expression is upregulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in MDA-MB-453 and in an AR+-TNBC HCI-009 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors (p < 0.05). RUNX1 is increased in a CSC-like experimental model in MDA-MB-453 and SUM-159PT cells (p < 0.05). Inhibition of RUNX1 transcriptional activity reduced the expression of CSC markers. Interestingly, RUNX1 inhibition reduced cell viability and enhanced paclitaxel and enzalutamide sensitivity. Targeting RUNX1 may be an attractive strategy to potentiate the anti-tumor effects of AR inhibition, specifically in the slow-growing CSC-like populations that resist chemotherapy which lead to metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia B. Fernández
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Sofía M. Sosa
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Justin T. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - María S. Recouvreux
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Luciana Rocha-Viegas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Jessica L. Christenson
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicole S. Spoelstra
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Facundo L. Couto
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Ana R. Raimondi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Jennifer K. Richer
- Department of Pathology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Natalia Rubinstein
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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9
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RUNX3 in Stem Cell and Cancer Biology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030408. [PMID: 36766749 PMCID: PMC9913995 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) play prominent roles in cell cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. There are three members in the mammalian RUNX family, each with distinct tissue expression profiles. RUNX genes play unique and redundant roles during development and adult tissue homeostasis. The ability of RUNX proteins to influence signaling pathways, such as Wnt, TGFβ and Hippo-YAP, suggests that they integrate signals from the environment to dictate cell fate decisions. All RUNX genes hold master regulator roles, albeit in different tissues, and all have been implicated in cancer. Paradoxically, RUNX genes exert tumor suppressive and oncogenic functions, depending on tumor type and stage. Unlike RUNX1 and 2, the role of RUNX3 in stem cells is poorly understood. A recent study using cancer-derived RUNX3 mutation R122C revealed a gatekeeper role for RUNX3 in gastric epithelial stem cell homeostasis. The corpora of RUNX3R122C/R122C mice showed a dramatic increase in proliferating stem cells as well as inhibition of differentiation. Tellingly, RUNX3R122C/R122C mice also exhibited a precancerous phenotype. This review focuses on the impact of RUNX3 dysregulation on (1) stem cell fate and (2) the molecular mechanisms underpinning early carcinogenesis.
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10
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Zhang F, Cho WC. Therapeutic potential of RUNX1 and RUNX2 in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:413-417. [PMID: 37243490 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2219395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Ervin EH, French R, Chang CH, Pauklin S. Inside the stemness engine: Mechanistic links between deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:48-83. [PMID: 36347438 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity is largely determined by its transcriptional profile. In tumour, deregulation of transcription factor expression and/or activity enables cancer cell to acquire a stem-like state characterised by capacity to self-renew, differentiate and form tumours in vivo. These stem-like cancer cells are highly metastatic and therapy resistant, thus warranting a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms downstream of the transcription factors that mediate the establishment of stemness state. Here, we review recent research findings that provide a mechanistic link between the commonly deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. In particular, we describe the role of master transcription factors (SOX, OCT4, NANOG, KLF, BRACHYURY, SALL, HOX, FOX and RUNX), signalling-regulated transcription factors (SMAD, β-catenin, YAP, TAZ, AP-1, NOTCH, STAT, GLI, ETS and NF-κB) and unclassified transcription factors (c-MYC, HIF, EMT transcription factors and P53) across diverse tumour types, thereby yielding a comprehensive overview identifying shared downstream targets, highlighting unique mechanisms and discussing complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle-Helene Ervin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Rhiannon French
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Chao-Hui Chang
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.
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12
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Mishra A, Pathak Y, Mishra SK, Prakash H, Tripathi V. Natural compounds as a potential modifier of stem cells renewal: Comparative analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175412. [PMID: 36427534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are indispensable for development, progression, drug resistance, and tumor metastasis. Current cancer-directed interventions target targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells and slow dividing CSCs, which are the root cause of cancer origin and recurrence. The most promising targets include several self-renewal pathways involved in the maintenance and renewal of CSCs, such as the Wnt/β-Catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, Hippo, Autophagy, and Ferroptosis. In view of safety, natural compounds are coming to the front line of treatment modalities for modifying various signaling pathways simultaneously involved in maintaining CSCs. Therefore, targeting CSCs with natural compounds is a promising approach to treating various types of cancers. In view of this, here we provide a comprehensive update on the current status of natural compounds that effectively tune key self-renewal pathways of CSCs. In addition, we highlighted surface expression markers in several types of cancer. We also emphasize how natural compounds target these self-renewal pathways to reduce therapy resistance and cancer recurrence properties of CSCs, hence providing valuable cancer therapeutic strategies. The inclusion of nutraceuticals is believed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of current cancer-directed interventions significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Yamini Pathak
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | | | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishwas Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201310, India.
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13
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RUNX Proteins as Epigenetic Modulators in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223687. [PMID: 36429115 PMCID: PMC9688118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX proteins are highly conserved in metazoans and perform critical functions during development. Dysregulation of RUNX proteins through various molecular mechanisms facilitates the development and progression of various cancers, where different RUNX proteins show tumor type-specific functions and regulate different aspects of tumorigenesis by cross-talking with different signaling pathways such as Wnt, TGF-β, and Hippo. Molecularly, they could serve as transcription factors (TFs) to activate their direct target genes or interact with many other TFs to modulate chromatin architecture globally. Here, we review the current knowledge on the functions and regulations of RUNX proteins in different cancer types and highlight their potential role as epigenetic modulators in cancer.
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14
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Martínez-Sifuentes MA, Bassol-Mayagoitia S, Nava-Hernández MP, Ruiz-Flores P, Ramos-Treviño J, Haro-Santa Cruz J, Hernández-Ibarra JA. Survivin in Breast Cancer: A Review. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:411-421. [PMID: 36166738 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among causes for cancer-related death in women. Gene technology has led to the recognition that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of different biological subtypes, and genetic profiling enables the response to chemotherapy to be predicted. This fact emphasizes the importance of selecting sensitive diagnostic and prognostic markers in the early disease stage and more efficient targeted treatments for this disease. One such prognostic marker appears to be survivin. Many studies have shown that survivin is strongly expressed in different types of cancers. Its overexpression has been demonstrated in breast cancer, and high activity of the survivin gene has been associated with a poor prognosis and worse survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Antonio Martínez-Sifuentes
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Susana Bassol-Mayagoitia
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Martha P Nava-Hernández
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Flores
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Juan Ramos-Treviño
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - Jorge Haro-Santa Cruz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
| | - José Anselmo Hernández-Ibarra
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Mexico
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15
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A kinase inhibitor screen reveals MEK1/2 as a novel therapeutic target to antagonize IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen resistance in ERα-positive luminal breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115233. [PMID: 36041543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antiestrogen resistance of breast cancer has been related to enhanced growth factor receptor expression and activation. We have previously shown that ectopic expression and subsequent activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) or the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in MCF7 or T47D breast cancer cells results in antiestrogen resistance. In order to identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent this antiestrogen resistance, we performed kinase inhibitor screens with 273 different inhibitors in MCF7 cells overexpressing IGF1R or EGFR. Kinase inhibitors that antagonized antiestrogen resistance but are not directly involved in IGF1R or EGFR signaling were prioritized for further analyses. Various ALK (anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase) inhibitors inhibited cell proliferation in IGF1R expressing cells under normal and antiestrogen resistance conditions by preventing IGF1R activation and subsequent downstream signaling; the ALK inhibitors did not affect EGFR signaling. On the other hand, MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)1/2 inhibitors, including PD0325901, selumetinib, trametinib and TAK733, selectively antagonized IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance but did not affect cell proliferation under normal growth conditions. RNAseq analysis revealed that MEK inhibitors PD0325901 and selumetinib drastically altered cell cycle progression and cell migration networks under IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance. In a group of 219 patients with metastasized ER+ breast cancer, strong pMEK staining showed a significant correlation with no clinical benefit of first-line tamoxifen treatment. We propose a critical role for MEK activation in IGF1R signaling-mediated antiestrogen resistance and anticipate that dual-targeted therapy with a MEK inhibitor and antiestrogen could improve treatment outcome.
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16
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Fu J, Sun H, Xu F, Chen R, Wang X, Ding Q, Xia T. RUNX regulated immune-associated genes predicts prognosis in breast cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:960489. [PMID: 36092942 PMCID: PMC9459239 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.960489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. RUNX family has been involved in the regulation of different carcinogenic processes and signaling pathways with cancer, which is closely related to immunity and prognosis of various tumors, and also plays an important role in the development and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods: We discovered the expression of RUNX family through GEPIA Dataset and then evaluated the relationship between RUNX family and immune-related genes and the prognosis of breast cancer through analyzing TCGA database. A prognostic model was established and verified via cox proportional hazards regression model using R packages. We evaluated the accuracy of the prognostic model by Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Additionally, we obtained the relationship between the RUNX family and immune infiltration by TIMER database. Finally, the dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the regulation of RUNX3 on potential target genes ULBP2 and TRDV1, and the effects of ULBP2 and TRDV1 on the growth of breast cancer cells were explored by CCK-8, colony formation and wound healing assays. Results: We screened out RUNX family-regulated immune-related genes associated with the prognosis of breast cancer. These predictors included PSME2, ULBP2, IL-18, TSLP, NPR3, TRDV1. Then a prognosis-related risk score model was built using the independent risk factors to provide a clinically appropriate method predicting the overall survival (OS) probability of the patients with breast cancer. In addition, a further research was made on the functions of high risk immune gene ULBP2 and low risk immune gene TRDV1 which regulated by RUNX3, the results showed that down-regulation of ULBP2 suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation and TRDV1 had the opposite functions. The prognostic model we constructed could promote the development of prognostic, and was associated with lower immune infiltration. Conclusion: The expression of RUNX family was closely related to the prognosis of breast cancer. At the same time, RUNX family could modulate the functions of immune-related genes, and affect the development and prognosis of breast cancer. These immune-related genes regulated by RUNX family could be promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Ding
- *Correspondence: Tiansong Xia, ; Qiang Ding,
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17
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Brown MS, Abdollahi B, Wilkins OM, Lu H, Chakraborty P, Ognjenovic NB, Muller KE, Jolly MK, Christensen BC, Hassanpour S, Pattabiraman DR. Phenotypic heterogeneity driven by plasticity of the intermediate EMT state governs disease progression and metastasis in breast cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj8002. [PMID: 35921406 PMCID: PMC9348802 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is frequently co-opted by cancer cells to enhance migratory and invasive cell traits. It is a key contributor to heterogeneity, chemoresistance, and metastasis in many carcinoma types, where the intermediate EMT state plays a critical tumor-initiating role. We isolate multiple distinct single-cell clones from the SUM149PT human breast cell line spanning the EMT spectrum having diverse migratory, tumor-initiating, and metastatic qualities, including three unique intermediates. Using a multiomics approach, we identify CBFβ as a key regulator of metastatic ability in the intermediate state. To quantify epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity within tumors, we develop an advanced multiplexed immunostaining approach using SUM149-derived orthotopic tumors and find that the EMT state and epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity are predictive of overall survival in a cohort of stage III breast cancer. Our model reveals previously unidentified insights into the complex EMT spectrum and its regulatory networks, as well as the contributions of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) in tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S. Brown
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Behnaz Abdollahi
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Owen M. Wilkins
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Hanxu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Nevena B. Ognjenovic
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kristen E. Muller
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Brock C. Christensen
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Saeed Hassanpour
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Diwakar R. Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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18
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Messier TL, Boyd JR, Gordon JAR, Tye CE, Page NA, Toor RH, Zaidi SK, Komm BS, Frietze S, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS. Epigenetic and transcriptome responsiveness to ER modulation by tissue selective estrogen complexes in breast epithelial and breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271725. [PMID: 35862394 PMCID: PMC9302754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including the SERM/SERD bazedoxifene (BZA), are used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis and may reduce breast cancer (BCa) risk. One of the most persistent unresolved questions regarding menopausal hormone therapy is compromised control of proliferation and phenotype because of short- or long-term administration of mixed-function estrogen receptor (ER) ligands. To gain insight into epigenetic effectors of the transcriptomes of hormone and BZA-treated BCa cells, we evaluated a panel of histone modifications. The impact of short-term hormone treatment and BZA on gene expression and genome-wide epigenetic profiles was examined in ERαneg mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) and ERα+ luminal breast cancer cells (MCF7). We tested individual components and combinations of 17β-estradiol (E2), estrogen compounds (EC10) and BZA. RNA-seq for gene expression and ChIP-seq for active (H3K4me3, H3K4ac, H3K27ac) and repressive (H3K27me3) histone modifications were performed. Our results show that the combination of BZA with E2 or EC10 reduces estrogen-mediated patterns of histone modifications and gene expression in MCF-7ERα+ cells. In contrast, BZA has minimal effects on these parameters in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. BZA-induced changes in histone modifications in MCF7 cells are characterized by altered H3K4ac patterns, with changes at distal enhancers of ERα-target genes and at promoters of non-ERα bound proliferation-related genes. Notably, the ERα target gene GREB1 is the most sensitive to BZA treatment. Our findings provide direct mechanistic-based evidence that BZA induces epigenetic changes in E2 and EC10 mediated control of ERα regulatory programs to target distinctive proliferation gene pathways that restrain the potential for breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L. Messier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Joseph R. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. R. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Coralee E. Tye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Natalie A. Page
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Rabail H. Toor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Sayyed K. Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Barry S. Komm
- Komm Pharma Consulting LLC, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Seth Frietze
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
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19
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Pan-cancer landscape of the RUNX protein family reveals their potential as carcinogenic biomarkers and the mechanisms underlying their action. J Transl Int Med 2022; 10:156-174. [PMID: 35959452 PMCID: PMC9328034 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The RUNX family of transcription factors plays an important regulatory role in tumor development. Although the importance of RUNX in certain cancer types is well known, the pan-cancer landscape remains unclear.
Materials and Methods
Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provides a pan-cancer overview of the RUNX genes. Hence, herein, we performed a pan-cancer analysis of abnormal RUNX expression and deciphered the potential regulatory mechanism. Specifically, we used TCGA multi-omics data combined with multiple online tools to analyze transcripts, genetic alterations, DNA methylation, clinical prognoses, miRNA networks, and potential target genes.
Results
RUNX genes are consistently overexpressed in esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and pan-renal cancers. The total protein expression of RUNX1 in lung adenocarcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is consistent with the mRNA expression results. Moreover, increased phosphorylation on the T14 and T18 residues of RUNX1 may represent potential pathogenic factors. The RUNX genes are significantly associated with survival in pan-renal cancer, brain lower-grade glioma, and uveal melanoma. Meanwhile, various mutations and posttranscriptional changes, including the RUNX1 D96 mutation in invasive breast carcinoma, the co-occurrence of RUNX gene mutations in UCEC, and methylation changes in the RUNX2 promoter in KIRC, may be associated with cancer development. Finally, analysis of epigenetic regulator co-expression, miRNA networks, and target genes revealed the carcinogenicity, abnormal expression, and direct regulation of RUNX genes.
Conclusions
We successfully analyzed the pan-cancer abnormal expression and prognostic value of RUNX genes, thereby providing potential biomarkers for various cancers. Further, mutations revealed via genetic alteration analysis may serve as a basis for personalized patient therapies.
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20
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Huang D, Camacho CV, Martire S, Nagari A, Setlem R, Gong X, Edwards AD, Chiu SP, Banaszynski LA, Kraus WL. Oncohistone Mutations Occur at Functional Sites of Regulatory ADP-Ribosylation. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2361-2377. [PMID: 35472077 PMCID: PMC9256803 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified cancer-associated mutations in histone genes that lead to the expression of mutant versions of core histones called oncohistones. Many oncohistone mutations occur at Asp and Glu residues, two amino acids known to be ADP-ribosylated (ADPRylated) by PARP1. We screened 25 Glu or Asp oncohistone mutants for their effects on cell growth in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Ectopic expression of six mutants of three different core histones (H2B, H3, and H4) altered cell growth in at least two different cell lines. Two of these sites, H2B-D51 and H4-D68, were indeed sites of ADPRylation in wild-type (unmutated) histones, and mutation of these sites inhibited ADPRylation. Mutation of H2B-D51 dramatically altered chromatin accessibility at enhancers and promoters, as well as gene expression outcomes, whereas mutation of H4-D68 did not. Additional biochemical, cellular, proteomic, and genomic analyses demonstrated that ADPRylation of H2B-D51 inhibits p300-mediated acetylation of H2B at many Lys residues. In breast cancer cell xenografts in mice, H2B-D51A promoted tumor growth, but did not confer resistance to the cytotoxic effects of PARP inhibition. Collectively, these results demonstrate that functional Asp and Glu ADPRylation sites on histones are mutated in cancers, allowing cancer cells to escape the growth-regulating effects of post-translational modifications via distinct mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE This study identifies cancer-driving mutations in histones as sites of PARP1-mediated ADP-ribosylation in breast and ovarian cancers, providing a molecular pathway by which cancers may subvert the growth-regulating effects of PARP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, P. R. China.,Address correspondence to: Dan Huang: and W. Lee Kraus:
| | - Cristel V. Camacho
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sara Martire
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anusha Nagari
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Computational Core Facility, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rohit Setlem
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Computational Core Facility, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xuan Gong
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andrea D. Edwards
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shu-Ping Chiu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Laura A. Banaszynski
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Address correspondence to: Dan Huang: and W. Lee Kraus:
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21
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Fultang N, Chakraborty M, Peethambaran B. Regulation of cancer stem cells in triple negative breast cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 4:321-342. [PMID: 35582030 PMCID: PMC9019272 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer. Despite the successes of emerging targeted therapies, relapse, recurrence, and therapy failure rates in TNBC significantly outpace other subtypes of breast cancer. Mounting evidence suggests accumulation of therapy resistant Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) populations within TNBCs contributes to poor clinical outcomes. These CSCs are enriched in TNBC compared to non-TNBC breast cancers. The mechanisms underlying CSC accumulation have been well-characterized and discussed in other reviews. In this review, we focus on TNBC-specific mechanisms that allow the expansion and activity of self-renewing CSCs. We highlight cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors, specifically enriched in TNBC over non-TNBC breast cancer, contributing to stemness. We also analyze publicly available single-cell RNA-seq data from basal breast cancer tumors to highlight the potential of emerging bioinformatic approaches in identifying novel drivers of stemness in TNBC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Fultang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Madhuparna Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Bela Peethambaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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22
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Ariffin NS. Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs of Steroid-Associated Complications in Patients With Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Clin Breast Cancer 2022; 22:499-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Lin TC. RUNX1 and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Wang Z, Yan H, Cheng D, Xu L, Shen T, Chen Y, Han R, Xue Y. Novel lncRNA LINC01614 Facilitates Bladder Cancer Proliferation, Migration and Invasion Through the miR-217/RUNX2/Wnt/β-Catenin Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8387-8397. [PMID: 34795524 PMCID: PMC8593351 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s330019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNA plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and development. This study aimed to explore the novel lncRNA affecting bladder cancer progression. Methods The open-access data of bladder cancer patients, including transcriptome profiles and corresponding clinical information were all obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. All the statistical analysis were performed using R software, SPSS and GraphPad Prism 8. CCK8, colony formation, apoptosis detection and tumorigenicity assay were used to assess cell proliferation ability. Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were used to evaluate cell metastasis potential. Results Our result showed that the lncRNA LINC01614 was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissue and cell lines. Meanwhile, patients with high LINC01614 expression level tend to have poor clinical features and shorter survival time. Further experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of LINC01614 could significantly hamper the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Then, we found that the LINC01614 could regulate RUNX2 expression through miR-137. GSEA analysis indicated that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might be the downstream pathway of LINC01614. Further experiments showed that the LINC01614 act as an oncogene in bladder cancer partly depending on the RUNX2/Wnt/β-catenin axis, making it an underlying therapeutic target. Conclusion In all, LINC01614 facilitates bladder cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion through the miR-217/RUNX2/Wnt/β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing City, 225400, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yan
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing City, 225400, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingcai Cheng
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing City, 225400, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing City, 225400, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianming Shen
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing City, 225400, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing City, 225400, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongbo Han
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing City, 225400, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshi Xue
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing City, 225400, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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25
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Jin G, Ruan Q, Shangguan F, Lan L. RUNX2 and LAMC2: promising pancreatic cancer biomarkers identified by an integrative data mining of pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22963-22984. [PMID: 34606473 PMCID: PMC8544338 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is a severe disease associated with high mortality. Although strategies for cancer therapy have made great progress, outcomes of pancreatic carcinoma patients remain extremely poor. Therefore, it is urgent to find novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. To identify biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy, three mRNA microarray datasets and two miRNA datasets were selected, and combinative analysis was performed by GEO2R. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. MiRTarBase, miRWalk and Diana Tools were used to get key genes. TCGA, HPA and western blotting were used to verify diagnostic and prognostic value of key genes. By integrating mRNA and miRNA expression profiles, we identified 114 differentially expressed genes and 114 differentially expressed miRNAs, respectively. Then, three overlapping key genes, RUNX2, LAMC2 and FBXO32, were found. Their protein levels in pancreatic tissue from PC patients and normal people were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. RUNX2 showed a potential property to identify PC. Aberrant over-expression of LAMC2 was associated with poor prognosis of PC patients, tumor status and subtypes. In summary, our current study identified that RUNX2 and LAMC2 may be promising targets for early diagnosis and therapy of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qingqing Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Fugen Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Linhua Lan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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26
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Regulation of bone metastasis and metastasis suppressors by non-coding RNAs in breast cancer. Biochimie 2021; 187:14-24. [PMID: 34019953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a critical health care issue that substantially affects women worldwide. Though surgery and chemotherapy can effectively control tumor growth, metastasis remains a primary concern. Metastatic BC cells predominantly colonize in bone, owing to their rigid osseous nutrient-rich nature. There are recently increasing studies investigating the context-dependent roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in metastasis regulation. ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and small interference RNAs, control the BC metastasis via altered mechanisms. Additionally, these ncRNAs have been reported in regulating a unique class of genes known as Metastatic suppressors. Metastasis suppressors like BRMS1, NM23, LIFR, and KAI1, etc., have been extensively studied for their role in inducing apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis, and maintaining homeostasis. In this review, we have emphasized the direct regulation of ncRNAs for effectively controlling the distant spread of BC. Furthermore, we have highlighted the ncRNA-mediated modulation of the metastatic suppressors, thereby delineating their indirect influence over metastasis.
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27
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Song K, Farzaneh M. Signaling pathways governing breast cancer stem cells behavior. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:245. [PMID: 33863385 PMCID: PMC8052733 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second common cancer and the leading cause of malignancy among females overall. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small population of breast cancer cells that play a critical role in the metastasis of breast cancer to other organs in the body. BCSCs have both self-renewal and differentiation capacities, which are thought to contribute to the aggressiveness of metastatic lesions. Therefore, targeting BCSCs can be a suitable approach for the treatment and metastasis of breast cancer. Growing evidence has indicated that the Wnt, NFκB, Notch, BMP2, STAT3, and hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways govern epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation, growth, and tumorigenesis of BCSCs in the primary regions. miRNAs as the central regulatory molecules also play critical roles in BCSC self-renewal, metastasis, and drug resistance. Hence, targeting these pathways might be a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review discusses known signaling mechanisms involved in the stimulation or prevention of BCSC self-renewal, metastasis, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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28
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A Zic2/Runx2/NOLC1 signaling axis mediates tumor growth and metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:319. [PMID: 33767130 PMCID: PMC7994417 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignancies with rapid growth and high metastasis, but lacks effective therapeutic targets. Here, using public sequencing data analyses, quantitative real-time PCR assay, western blotting, and IHC staining, we characterized that runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was significantly upregulated in ccRCC tissues than that in normal renal tissues, which was associated with the worse survival of ccRCC patients. Overexpression of Runx2 promoted malignant proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells, and inversely, interfering Runx2 with siRNA attenuates its oncogenic ability. RNA sequencing and functional studies revealed that Runx2 enhanced ccRCC cell growth and metastasis via downregulation of tumor suppressor nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1). Moreover, increased Zic family member 2 (Zic2) was responsible for the upregulation of Runx2 and its oncogenic functions in ccRCC. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses indicated that ccRCC patients with high Zic2/Runx2 and low NOLC1 had the worst outcome. Therefore, our study demonstrates that Zic2/Runx2/NOLC1 signaling axis promotes ccRCC progression, providing a set of potential targets and prognostic indicators for patients with ccRCC.
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29
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Ashe H, Krakowiak P, Hasterok S, Sleppy R, Roller DG, Gioeli D. Role of the runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family in prostate cancer. FEBS J 2021; 288:6112-6126. [PMID: 33682350 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a very complex disease that is a major cause of death in men worldwide. Currently, PCa dependence on the androgen receptor (AR) has resulted in use of AR antagonists and antiandrogen therapies that reduce endogenous steroid hormone production. However, within two to three years of receiving first-line androgen deprivation therapy, the majority of patients diagnosed with PCa progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There is an urgent need for therapies that are more durable than antagonism of the AR axis. Studies of runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) and their heterodimerization partner, core-binding factor subunit b (CBFβ), are revealing that the RUNX family are drivers of CRPC. In this review, we describe what is presently understood about RUNX members in PCa, including what regulates and is regulated by RUNX proteins, and the role of RUNX proteins in the tumor microenvironment and AR signaling. We discuss the implications for therapeutically targeting RUNX, the potential for RUNX as PCa biomarkers, and the current pressing questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ashe
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patryk Krakowiak
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sylwia Hasterok
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rosalie Sleppy
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Devin G Roller
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Gioeli
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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30
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Li Y, Ge C, Franceschi RT. Role of Runx2 in prostate development and stem cell function. Prostate 2021; 81:231-241. [PMID: 33411419 PMCID: PMC7856111 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX2, a critical transcription factor in bone development, is also expressed in prostate and breast where it has been linked to cancer progression and cancer stem cells. However, its role in normal prostate biology has not been previously examined. METHODS Selective growth of murine prostate epithelium under non-adherent conditions was used to enrich for stem cells. Expression of runt domain transcription factors, stem cell and prostate marker messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Effects of Runx2 loss and gain-of-function on prostate epithelial cells were assessed using cells isolated from Runx2loxp/loxp mice transduced with Adeno-Cre or by Adeno-Runx2 transduction of wild type cells. Cellular distribution of RUNX2 and prostate-associated proteins was assessed using immunofluorescence microscopy. In vivo Runx2 knock out was achieved by tamoxifen treatment of Nkx3.1CreERT; Runx2loxp/loxp mice. RESULTS Prostate epithelium-derived spheroids, which are enriched in stem cells, were shown to contain elevated levels of Runx2 mRNA. Spheroid formation required Runx2 since adenovirus-Cre mediated knockout of Runx2 in prostatic epithelial cells from Runx2loxp/loxp mice severely reduced spheroid formation and stem cell markers while Runx2 overexpression was stimulatory. In vivo, Runx2 was detected during early prostate development (E16.5) and in adult mice where it was present in basal and luminal cells of ventral and anterior lobes. Prostate-selective deletion of Runx2 in tamoxifen-treated Nkx3.1CreERT; Runx2loxp/loxp mice severely inhibited growth and maturation of tubules in the anterior prostate and reduced expression of stem cell markers and prostate-associated genes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an important role for Runx2 in prostate development that may be explained by actions in prostate epithelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan School of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI
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