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Suzuki H, Fujiwara Y, Ariyani W, Amano I, Ishii S, Ninomiya AK, Sato S, Takaoka A, Koibuchi N. 17β-Estradiol (E2) Activates Matrix Mineralization through Genomic/Nongenomic Pathways in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4727. [PMID: 38731947 PMCID: PMC11083456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays an important role in osteoporosis prevention. We herein report the possible novel signaling pathway of 17β-estradiol (E2) in the matrix mineralization of MC3T3-E1, an osteoblast-like cell line. In the culture media-containing stripped serum, in which small lipophilic molecules such as steroid hormones including E2 were depleted, matrix mineralization was significantly reduced. However, the E2 treatment induced this. The E2 effects were suppressed by ICI182,780, the estrogen receptor (ER)α, and the ERβ antagonist, as well as their mRNA knockdown, whereas Raloxifene, an inhibitor of estrogen-induced transcription, and G15, a G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) 1 inhibitor, had little or no effect. Furthermore, the E2-activated matrix mineralization was disrupted by PMA, a PKC activator, and SB202190, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, but not by wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. Matrix mineralization was also induced by the culture media from the E2-stimulated cell culture. This effect was hindered by PMA or heat treatment, but not by SB202190. These results indicate that E2 activates the p38 MAPK pathway via ERs independently from actions in the nucleus. Such activation may cause the secretion of certain signaling molecule(s), which inhibit the PKC pathway. Our study provides a novel pathway of E2 action that could be a therapeutic target to activate matrix mineralization under various diseases, including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Suzuki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.F.); (W.A.); (I.A.); (S.I.); (A.K.N.)
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.F.); (W.A.); (I.A.); (S.I.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Winda Ariyani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.F.); (W.A.); (I.A.); (S.I.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.F.); (W.A.); (I.A.); (S.I.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Sumiyasu Ishii
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.F.); (W.A.); (I.A.); (S.I.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Ayane Kate Ninomiya
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.F.); (W.A.); (I.A.); (S.I.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Seiichi Sato
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.S.); (A.T.)
- Molecular Medical Biochemistry Unit, Biological Chemistry and Engineering Course, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Hokkaido, Japan; (S.S.); (A.T.)
- Molecular Medical Biochemistry Unit, Biological Chemistry and Engineering Course, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.F.); (W.A.); (I.A.); (S.I.); (A.K.N.)
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Wang Q, Zhang N, Yang X, Feng S, Wang F, Zhang W, He Z. ERα promotes SUMO1 transcription by binding with the ERE and enhances SUMO1-mediated protein SUMOylation in breast cancer. Gland Surg 2023; 12:963-973. [PMID: 37727335 PMCID: PMC10506115 DOI: 10.21037/gs-23-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Estrogen plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer (BC), and epigenetic modification by SUMOylation is essential for cancer development. However, the mechanism underlying estrogen's actions on protein SUMOylation and its effect on BC development are still incompletely understood. Methods SUMO1 in BC cell lines was verified via real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays was also performed to evaluate SUMOylation as mediated by SUMO1. Luciferase activity to examine whether E2 promoted the transcription of SUMO1, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to determine the binding of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) to SUMO1 were conduction, and an animal model was used to evaluate the effects of E2-ERα-enhanced SUMO1 transcription. Results E2 promoted SUMO1 mRNA and protein expression levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner in ER-positive BC cells; it exerted no influence on SUMO2/3 expression; in E2-induced SUMO1 transcription, ERα, but not ERβ, was essential to the process. In addition, E2-ERα upregulated the transcription of SUMO1 by binding with an estrogen-response element half-site (1/2ERE, in the -134 to -123 bp region) of the SUMO1 promoter, and E2-ERα induced SUMO1 transcription-enhanced cellular viability in ER-positive BC cells. To further determine SUMOylation as mediated by SUMO1 in ER-positive BC, we evaluated novel SUMO1 target proteins such as Ras and demonstrated that E2 increased Ras SUMOylation and cellular proliferation by affecting downstream signaling-pathway transduction. Finally, our data revealed that E2-ERα enhanced SUMO1 transcription to promote tumor growth in a BC orthotopic tumor model. Conclusions Collectively, our results showed that E2 promoted the transcription and protein expression of SUMO1 via ERα binding to a 1/2ERE in the SUMO1 promoter, and that E2-ERα also augmented SUMO1-mediated Ras SUMOylation and mediated cellular responses in ER-positive BC. We therefore achieved significant insights into the mechanism involved in ER-positive BC development and provided a novel target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quhui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huaian Hospital of Huaian City, Huaian, China
| | - Shichun Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feiran Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhixian He
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Khan AS, Campbell KJ, Cameron ER, Blyth K. The RUNX/CBFβ Complex in Breast Cancer: A Conundrum of Context. Cells 2023; 12:641. [PMID: 36831308 PMCID: PMC9953914 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting and identifying the major actors and pathways in the genesis, progression and aggressive advancement of breast cancer is challenging, in part because neoplasms arising in this tissue represent distinct diseases and in part because the tumors themselves evolve. This review attempts to illustrate the complexity of this mutational landscape as it pertains to the RUNX genes and their transcription co-factor CBFβ. Large-scale genomic studies that characterize genetic alterations across a disease subtype are a useful starting point and as such have identified recurring alterations in CBFB and in the RUNX genes (particularly RUNX1). Intriguingly, the functional output of these mutations is often context dependent with regards to the estrogen receptor (ER) status of the breast cancer. Therefore, such studies need to be integrated with an in-depth understanding of both the normal and corrupted function in mammary cells to begin to tease out how loss or gain of function can alter the cell phenotype and contribute to disease progression. We review how alterations to RUNX/CBFβ function contextually ascribe to breast cancer subtypes and discuss how the in vitro analyses and mouse model systems have contributed to our current understanding of these proteins in the pathogenesis of this complex set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba S. Khan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsteen J. Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Ewan R. Cameron
- School of Biodiversity One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Islam D, Islam MS, Dorin SI, Jesmin. Prevalence of Breast Cancer Subtypes Among Different Ethnicities and Bangladeshi Women: Demographic, Clinicopathological, and Integrated Cancer Informatics Analysis. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351221148584. [PMID: 36684416 PMCID: PMC9850134 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221148584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular subtyping of breast cancer is related to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The present study aimed to systematically analyze the expression, function, and prognostic value of ER, PR, HER2, and their prevalence in different ethnic groups and among Bangladeshi breast cancer (BC) patients. Method This study included 25 BC patients and 25 healthy controls, aged between 25 and 70 years. The study characteristics were compared using the ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Also, the multi-Omics dataset of 775 BC patients from TCGA was analyzed for ER, PR, and HER2 in breast cancer subtypes and compared among different ethnicities. Results For most BD breast cancer cases, the age at diagnosis was ⩾40 years, had only a histopathological diagnosis (P-value .004), and no history of mammography or other pathological tests. For treatment, had only chemotherapy (P-value .004) and no hormone therapy (P-value <.001). The majority of patients (>60%) were of stage-II cancer and TNBC (40%) subtype. The BC ethnicity-stratified data of ER, PR, and HER2 indicated a strong correlation across all ethnicities (P-value 4.99e-35; P-value 3.79e-18). The subtypes stratified data indicated a higher percentage of Luminal A (58.3%) in Caucasians whereas Luminal B (24.3%) and HER2 (25.2%) subtypes were found higher in Asians and TNBC (36.0%) were found in Africans. However, a significantly higher frequency of TNBC (52.2%) compared to Asians (14.8%) was found in BD patients (P-value <.001). The overall survival analysis of BC subtypes demonstrated that Luminal B (P-value .005) and HER2 enriched (P-value .015) were significantly more aggressive and were dominant in the Asian population. Conclusion A significant association was found between BC subtypes with different ethnicities and Bangladeshi women and these findings might aid in the prevention, management, and raising of awareness against risk factors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diganta Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering &
Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shihabul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering &
Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Islam Dorin
- Department of Genetic Engineering &
Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jesmin
- Department of Genetic Engineering &
Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Jesmin, Department of Genetic Engineering
& Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
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Wang K, Li Y, Wang D, Zhou Z. Web-Based Dynamic Nomograms for Predicting Overall Survival and Cancer-Specific Survival in Breast Cancer Patients with Lung Metastases. J Pers Med 2022; 13:43. [PMID: 36675704 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 60-70% of patients who die from breast cancer have lung metastases. However, there is a lack of readily available tools for accurate risk stratification in patients with breast cancer lung metastases (BCLM). Therefore, a web-based dynamic nomogram was developed for BCLM to quickly, accurately, and intuitively assess overall and cancer-specific survival rates. METHODS Patients diagnosed with BCLM between 2004 and 2016 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Final Results (SEER) database. After excluding incomplete data, all patients were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts (2:1). Patients' basic clinical information, detailed pathological staging and treatment information, and sociological information were included in further analysis. Nomograms were constructed following the evaluations of the Cox regression model and verified using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Web-based dynamic nomograms were published online. RESULTS 3916 breast cancer patients with lung metastases were identified from the SEER database. Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) are significantly correlated with 13 variables: age, marital status, race, grade, T stage, surgery, chemotherapy, bone metastatic, brain metastatic, liver metastatic, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). These are included in the construction of the nomogram of OS and CSS. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, decision curve analysis, consistency index, and calibration curve prove the distinct advantages of the nomogram. CONCLUSIONS Our web-based dynamic nomogram effectively integrates patient molecular subtype and sociodemographic characteristics with clinical characteristics and guidance and can be easily used. ER-Negative should receive attention in diagnosing and treating BCLM.
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Pan B, Hao Z, Xu Y, Wang Z, Yao R, Wang X, Ren C, Zhou Y, Sun Q, Huo L. Case report: 18F-FES PET/CT predicted treatment responses of second-line and third-line CDK4/6 inhibitors after disease progression on first-line CDK4/6 inhibitor in a HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer patient. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1095779. [PMID: 36620595 PMCID: PMC9816999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1095779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) has become the commonest first-line treatment of hormonal receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, therapy is quite individualized after progression of disease (PD) when CDK4/6i fails. Estrogen receptor (ER) status of metastatic lesions of bone, lung or liver might be different from the primary tumor and biopsy of metastatic lesions was invasive and not always available. Prediction of treatment response after PD of CDK4/6i remains unsolved. 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT could non-invasively reveal ER expression both in primary and metastatic breast cancer and recognize heterogeneity of ER status. Case presentation A 70-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease, osteoporosis and cardiovascular co-morbidity was diagnosed with HR+/HER2- breast cancer (pT2N2M0, stage IIIa). Three years later, she developed metastases in right lung and pleura with pleural effusion and received palbociclib + letrozole. After 8 months the disease progressed, and 18F-FES PET/CT revealed multiple ER-positive pleural lesions and ER-negative pulmonary nodules after PD and the progression-free survival (PFS) of first-line CDK4/6i was 8 months. Since most of the metastatic lesions were ER-positive, abemaciclib + fulvestrant were chosen as the second-line CDK4/6i treatment and the PFS was 15 months. Another 18F-FES PET/CT showed a new ER-positive pleural mass with multiple ER-negative pulmonary nodules. Since 18F-FES PET/CT revealed that the dominant lesions were still ER-positive, dalpiciclib + exemestane + fulvestrant were prescribed as the third-line CDK4/6i treatment. Currently the patient's disease had been stable for 2 months. Conclusion This case demonstrated that 18F-FES PET/CT could show ER heterogeneity non-invasively and reveal the treatment responses a predictive imaging tool of serial second- and third-line of CDK4/6i treatments when first-line CDK4/6i failed in HR+/HER2- MBC. So long as the dominant or newly-developed metastatic lesion was ER-positive on 18F-FES PET after first-line CDK4/6i, the patient might show certain therapeutic response towards endocrine-based treatment including second- and third-line of CDK4/6i, and thus increased the time to chemotherapy (TTC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Hao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yidong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Qiang Sun, ; Li Huo,
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Qiang Sun, ; Li Huo,
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Chen B, Mao T, Qin X, Zhang W, Watanabe N, Li J. Role of estrogen receptor signaling pathway-related genes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and identification of key targets via integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1029998. [PMID: 36531013 PMCID: PMC9749266 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1029998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy. Epidemiologically, the incidence of DLBCL is higher in men, and the female sex is a favorable prognostic factor, which can be explained by estrogen. This study aimed to explore the potential targets of the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway and provide a meaningful way to treat DLBCL patients. Datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Representative gene sets estrogen receptor pathways, and growth regulatory pathways were identified based on Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for function and pathway analysis. STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct the interaction network, and the MCODE plug-in performed the module analysis. GEPIA, TCGA, and LOGpc databases were used for expression and predictive analysis. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database was used to analyze the protein expression levels, cBioPortal was used to explore genetic alterations, and ROC analysis and prognostic assessment were used to predict the diagnostic value of genes. Finally, BJAB cells were treated with ER inhibitor fulvestrant and specific shRNA, and the expression of hub genes was verified by RT-qPCR. We identified 81 overlapping DEGs and CDC6, CDC20, KIF20A, STIL, and TOP2A as novel biomarkers affecting the prognosis of DLBCL. In addition, the STAT and KRAS pathways are considered potential growth regulatory pathways. These results hold promise for new avenues for the treatment of DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuni Qin
- Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nobumoto Watanabe
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Bio-Active Compounds Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jiang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Guha L, Bhat IA, Bashir A, Rahman JU, Pottoo FH. Nanotechnological Approaches for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:781-799. [PMID: 35676850 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220608144551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women around the world, having a sudden spread nowadays because of the poor sedentary lifestyle of people. Comprising several subtypes, one of the most dangerous and aggressive ones is triple-negative breast cancer or TNBC. Even though conventional surgical approaches like single and double mastectomy and preventive chemotherapeutic approaches are available, they are not selective to cancer cells and are only for symptomatic treatment. A new branch called nanotechnology has emerged in the last few decades that offers various novel characteristics, such as size in nanometric scale, enhanced adherence to multiple targeting moieties, active and passive targeting, controlled release, and site-specific targeting. Among various nanotherapeutic approaches like dendrimers, lipid-structured nanocarriers, carbon nanotubes, etc., nanoparticle targeted therapeutics can be termed the best among all for their specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells and increased bioavailability to a target site. This review focuses on the types and molecular pathways involving TNBC, existing treatment strategies, various nanotechnological approaches like exosomes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, lipid, and carbon-based nanocarriers, and especially various nanoparticles (NPs) like polymeric, photodynamic, peptide conjugated, antibody-conjugated, metallic, inorganic, natural product capped, and CRISPR based nanoparticles already approved for treatment or are under clinical and pre-clinical trials for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahanya Guha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Mohali, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat
- Northern Railway Hospital, Sri Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra, Reasi 182320, India
| | - Aasiya Bashir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India
| | - Jawad Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.BOX 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Shahab M, Wadood A, Zheng G. Strategies for targeting CIB1, a challenging drug target. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2343-2348. [PMID: 35909278 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220728101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is common malignancy in women which is diverse disease. In women, 287,850 and in male 2710 cases are reported in 2022 reported by WHO. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), accounted for 10-20% of all new cases discovered in the United States in 2017. Because calcium integrin-binding protein1 lacks a suitable pocket that could be used to create a chemical inhibitor, and because the breast cancer-causing protein is nearly identical to its necessary wild-type counterpart, it was thought to be druggable. The structure and function of the newly discovered calcium integrin-binding protein1 have been improved, paving the way for the designing of several therapeutic candidates. Currently, no FDA-approved drugs are available for CIB1-driven cancer. CIB1 has proven to challenging drug target due to several factors, including the fact that the CIB1 protein is highly resistant to small inhibitors. This study aimed to present various ways for targeting calcium integrin-binding protein1, which is an important target that could be useful to scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahab
- State key laboratories of chemical Resources Engineering Beijing University of chemical technology, Beijing 100029, china
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, UCSS, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State key laboratories of chemical Resources Engineering Beijing University of chemical technology, Beijing 100029, china
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Tohkayomatee R, Reabroi S, Tungmunnithum D, Parichatikanond W, Pinthong D. Andrographolide Exhibits Anticancer Activity against Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells) through Suppressing Cell Proliferation and Inducing Cell Apoptosis via Inactivation of ER-α Receptor and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling. Molecules 2022; 27:3544. [PMID: 35684480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Chemotherapy followed by endocrine therapy is the standard treatment strategy after surgery or radiotherapy. However, breast cancer is highly resistant to the treatments leading to the recurrence of breast cancer. As a result, the development of alternative medicines derived from natural plants with fewer side effects is being emphasized. Andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata is one of the potential substances with anti-cancer properties in a variety of cell types, including breast cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the anti-cancer effects of andrographolide in breast cancer cells by evaluating cell viability and apoptosis as well as its underlying mechanisms through estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, mRNA or miRNA, and protein expression were examined by MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis, respectively. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell viability was reduced in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after andrographolide treatment. Moreover, andrographolide induced cell apoptosis in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting Bcl-2 and enhancing Bax expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In MCF-7 cells, the ER-positive breast cancer, andrographolide showed an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation through downregulation of ERα, PI3K, and mTOR expression levels. Andrographolide also inhibited MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation via induction of cell apoptosis. However, the inhibition of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation of andrographolide treatment did not disrupt miR-21. Our findings showed that andrographolide possesses an anti-estrogenic effect by suppressing cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells. The effects were comparable to those of the anticancer drug fulvestrant in MCF-7 cells. This study provides new insights into the anti-cancer effect of andrographolide on breast cancer and suggests andrographolide as a potential alternative from the natural plant for treating breast cancer types that are resistant to tamoxifen and fulvestrant.
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Ningsi R, Elazezy M, Stegat L, Laakmann E, Peine S, Riethdorf S, Müller V, Pantel K, Joosse SA. Detection and Characterization of Estrogen Receptor α Expression of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Prognostic Marker. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 35681601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CTCs have increasingly been used as a liquid biopsy analyte to obtain real-time information on the tumor through minimally invasive blood analyses. CTCs allow for the identification of proteins relevant for targeted therapies. Here, we evaluated the expression of estrogen receptors (ER) in CTCs of patients with metastatic breast cancer. From sixty metastatic breast cancer patients who had ER-positive primary tumors (range of 1−70% immunostaining) at initial cancer diagnosis, 109 longitudinal blood samples were prospectively collected and analyzed using the CellSearch System in combination with the ERα monoclonal murine ER-119.3 antibody. Prolonged cell permeabilization was found to be required for proper staining of nuclear ER in vitro. Thirty-one cases were found to be CTC-positive; an increased number of CTCs during endocrine and chemotherapy was correlated with disease progression, whereas a decrease or stable amount of CTC number (<5) during treatment was correlated with a better clinical outcome. Survival analyses further indicate a positive association of CTC-status with progression-free survival (HR, 66.17; 95%CI, 3.66−195.96; p = 0.0045) and overall survival (HR, 6.21; 95%CI, 2.66−14.47; p < 0.0001). Only one-third of CTC-positive breast cancer patients, who were initially diagnosed with ER-positive primary tumors, harbored ER-positive CTCs at the time of metastasis, and even in those patients, both ER-positive and ER-negative CTCs were found. CTC-positivity was correlated with a shorter relapse-free survival. Remarkably, ER-negative CTCs were frequent despite initial ER-positive status of the primary tumor, suggesting a switch of ER phenotype or selection of minor ER-negative clones as a potential mechanism of escape from ER-targeting therapy.
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Giovannelli P, Ramaraj P, Williams C. Editorial: Role of Sex Steroids and Their Receptor in Cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883229. [PMID: 35464052 PMCID: PMC9018976 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Giovannelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pia Giovannelli,
| | - Pandurangan Ramaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, United States
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang KY, Newman J, Lee CS, Seetharamu N. Epidemiology and clinicopathological features of lung cancer in patients with prior history of breast cancer. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211017757. [PMID: 34104436 PMCID: PMC8155786 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211017757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, is the most common subsequent primary cancer among breast cancer survivors. In this review, we examine the risk factors that cause subsequent primary lung cancer after breast cancer (referred to herein as BCLC patients) as well as the prognostic factors that may affect survival. Notable clinicopathological features include patient characteristics such as age, smoking history, and the presence of EGFR or BRCA mutations, as well as factors related to the treatment of breast cancer such as radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, stage, anti-estrogen therapy, and ER/PR/HER2 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northshore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - James Newman
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Northshore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Chung-Shien Lee
- St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Nagashree Seetharamu
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Northshore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Tao CC, Wu Y, Gao X, Qiao L, Yang Y, Li F, Zou J, Wang YH, Zhang SY, Li CL, Zhang YY, Sun XD. The Antitumor Effects of Icaritin Against Breast Cancer is Related to Estrogen Receptors. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:73-85. [PMID: 32472997 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200530212440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the anticancer effects and mechanisms of icaritin against breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cells MCF- 7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells were employed. We examined the effects of icaritin on the proliferation and migration by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were analyzed using Flow cytometry. Cell autophagy of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed by western blotting, acridine orange staining and confocal microscopy. We also detected the expression of apoptosis-related genes by western blotting. In addition, an autophagy inhibitor was used to investigate whether cytoprotective autophagy was induced. Meanwhile, an ER inhibitor was utilized to explore whether ER was involved in autophagy. RESULTS Icaritin inhibited the proliferation and migration, and induced cell cycle arrest of both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Icaritin significantly induced apoptosis of MDA-MB- 231 cells by activating caspase-3. And icaritin stimulated autophagy in MCF-7 cells, as evidenced by increased LC3II/LC3I, enhanced p62 degradation, the accumulation of endogenous LC3 puncta formation, and the increased autophagy flux. Icaritin induced autophagy through upregulating the phosphorylation of AMPK and ULK1. Chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, increased icaritin-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile, tamoxifen, an ER inhibitor, reversed icaritin-induced autophagy and proliferation inhibition of MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the antitumor effects of icaritin against breast cancer are related to ER, which suggested that the status of ER should be considered in the clinical application of icaritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Tao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Wu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Qiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ying Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Zou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu-Hao Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chang-Long Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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15
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Saha S, Dey S, Nath S. Steroid Hormone Receptors: Links With Cell Cycle Machinery and Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620214. [PMID: 33777765 PMCID: PMC7994514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of cells through cell cycle consists of a series of events orchestrated in a regulated fashion. Such processes are influenced by cell cycle regulated expression of various proteins where multiple families of transcription factors take integral parts. Among these, the steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) represent a connection between the external hormone milieu and genes that control cellular proliferation. Therefore, understanding the molecular connection between the transcriptional role of steroid hormone receptors and cell cycle deserves importance in dissecting cellular proliferation in normal as well as malignant conditions. Deregulation of cell cycle promotes malignancies of various origins, including breast cancer. Indeed, SHR members play crucial role in breast cancer progression as well as management. This review focuses on SHR-driven cell cycle regulation and moving forward, attempts to discuss the role of SHR-driven crosstalk between cell cycle anomalies and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryendu Saha
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Samya Dey
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Somsubhra Nath
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
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16
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Ji R, Li Y, He C, Zhu X, He A, Lu Y. Detection and analysis of multiple biomarkers in ovarian cancer: clinical significance in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation. Gland Surg 2020; 9:2175-2186. [PMID: 33447568 PMCID: PMC7804549 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical significance of CA125, CK7, CK20, ER, PR, C-erbb2, and P-gp in ovarian cancer. METHODS Ovarian cancer patients were recruited from Nantong Cancer Hospital between March 2006 and July 2011. The expressions of CA125, CK7, CK20, ER, PR, C-erbb2, and P-gp were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC).The chi-square test (χ2) was used to analyze the correlation between each index and the clinical characteristics of the patients. The patients were followed up to record the cancer recurrence time. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to map the cumulative recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate, and COX regression analysis was established for multivariate analysis. RESULTS The results of IHC showed that the positive expression rates of CA125, CK7, ER, C-erbb2, and P-gp in malignant ovarian cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in benign ovarian cancer tissues. CA125 expression in malignant ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with the age of patients and the Federation of International Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. CK7 expression in malignant ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with the age, tissue differentiation, and number of residual lesions. CK20 expression in malignant ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with the age and tissue differentiation of the patients. ER expression in malignant ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with the age of patients and FIGO stage. PR expression in malignant ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with the age of the patients. C-erbb2 expression in malignant ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with the age of the patients. P-gp expression in malignant ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with the patient age, pathological type, and tissue differentiation. The expression of CA125, CK7, CK20, C-erbb2, and P-gp had significant effects on the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. The COX regression analysis showed that P-gp was an independent risk factor for ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS In malignant ovarian cancer tissues, CA125, CK7, CK20, ER, PR, C-erbb2, and P-gp are over-expressed. The expression of P-gp is an independent risk factor for ovarian cancer, and it can be an important target for the treatment of malignant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ji
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chenyun He
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinghua Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Aiqin He
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yunyan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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17
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Stillwater BJ, Bull AC, Romagnolo DF, Neumayer LA, Donovan MG, Selmin OI. Bisphenols and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review of the Impact of Diet and Bioactive Food Components. Front Nutr 2020; 7:581388. [PMID: 33330580 PMCID: PMC7710764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.581388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from preclinical studies suggest a link between increased risk of breast cancer and exposure to bisphenols at doses below what the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers as safe for consumption. Bisphenols exert estrogenic effects and are found in canned and plastic wrapped foods, food packaging, and plasticware. Mechanistically, bisphenols bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) and activate the expression of genes associated with cell proliferation and breast cancer. In this paper, we present a narrative literature review addressing bisphenol A and chemical analogs including bisphenol AF, bisphenol F, and bisphenol S selected as prototype xenoestrogens; then, we discuss biological mechanisms of action of these bisphenols in breast cells and potential impact of exposure at different stages of development (i.e., perinatal, peripubertal, and adult). Finally, we summarize studies detailing interactions, both preventative and promoting, of bisphenols with food components on breast cancer risk. We conclude the review with a discussion of current controversies in interpretation of the above research and future areas for investigation, including the impact of bisphenols and food components on breast tumor risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Stillwater
- Department of Surgery, Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ashleigh C Bull
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Leigh A Neumayer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Micah G Donovan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Brunetti B, Bacci B, Angeli C, Benazzi C, Muscatello LV. p53, ER, and Ki67 Expression in Canine Mammary Carcinomas and Correlation With Pathological Variables and Prognosis. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:325-331. [PMID: 33208018 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820973462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Using immunohistochemistry, 170 canine mammary carcinomas were evaluated for p53, ER (estrogen receptor), and Ki67. Of the 170 tumors, 89 were grade I (52.3%), 36 were grade II (21.2%), and 45 were grade III (26.4%). Eight cases (0.5%) were positive for p53 and 69/170 cases (40.5%) were positive for ER. Ki67 values were 24 ± 18% (mean ± SD). Using a cutoff value of 33.3% Ki67-positive neoplastic nuclei, 38/159 (23.8%) were classified as high proliferative and 121/159 (76.2%) as low proliferative. p53-positive cases had significantly higher Ki67 expression and higher histological grade. ER expression was not correlated with p53 expression but was significantly related to low Ki67 values and low histological grade. Moreover, ER-positive cases had significantly longer survival compared to ER-negative tumors, and ER expression had better correlation with tumor-related survival than histological grade. In summary, p53 accumulated in a small subset of canine mammary tumors and was associated with higher proliferative activity and higher histological grade. ER expression was confirmed as a differentiation marker associated with more favorable prognosis and biological behavior. The combined use of these 3 markers could be used in addition to histological grade to predict the biological behavior of canine mammary carcinomas.
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19
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Jaffar NFN, Muhammad Sakri MS, Jaafar H, Wan Abdul Rahman WF, Tengku Din TADAA. Evaluation of NMU-Induced Breast Cancer Treated with Sirolimus and Sunitinib on Breast Cancer Growth. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2919-2925. [PMID: 33112549 PMCID: PMC7798166 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.10.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the effect of sirolimus and sunitinib in blocking the tumor growth and to evaluate the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/neu) after treated with sirolimus and sunitinib. Methods: Thirty-two female Sprague Dawley rats at age 21-days old were administered intraperitoneally with N-Methyl-N-Nitroso Urea (NMU), dosed at 70mg/kg body weight. The rats were divided into 4 groups; Group 1 (Control, n=8), Group 2 (Sirolimus, n=8), Group 3 (Sunitinib, n=8) and Group 4 (Sirolimus+Sunitinib, n=8), being treated twice when the tumor reached the size of 14.5±0.5 mm and subsequently sacrificed after 5 days. The protein expressions of ER, PgR and HER2/neu of the tumor tissues were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: Treatment with sirolimus alone lowered expressions of ER and PgR of breast cancer and reduced tumor size. There was no significant difference of ER and PgR expressions between control and sunitinib treated tumor. Sunitinib treated tumors reduce in diameter after the first treatment, however the diameter increases after the second treatment. Histologically, sunitinib treated tumor did not show any aggressive invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) histological subtypes. In addition, all NMU-induced tumors are HER2/neu-negative scoring. Conclusion: Sirolimus is neither synergistic nor additive with sunitinib for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasnan Jaafar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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20
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Song X, Ma J, Zhang H, Zhang Q. Prognostic significance of the primary tumor site and immune indexes in patients with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative breast cancer. Gland Surg 2020; 9:1450-1468. [PMID: 33224820 PMCID: PMC7667077 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to predict high risk factors for recurrence after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is controversial. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of tumor location, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) level, and pretreatment lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in determining the survival of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer after treatment with NAC. METHODS The clinical data of 285 ER-positive, HER2-negative patients with clinical stage II-III breast cancer were analyzed from January 2009 to January 2015. To explore the prognostic factors for ER-positive, HER2-negative patients, we combined the conventional clinicopathological prognostic factors with tumor location, pretreatment LMR, and TIL. In addition, samples from 79 patients, who did not achieve pathological complete response (pCR) testing after NAC, were selected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to analyze the effect of TIL on prognosis. RESULTS An LMR >5.2 was correlated with better 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS; P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Patients with lower-inner/central quadrant tumors had lower 5-year DFS and OS than patients with tumors in the other quadrants (P=0.012 and P=0.048). Patients with a lower TIL level (≤10%) had better 5-year DFS than patients with a higher TIL level (P=0.010). According to the results of the multivariate analyses, tumor location was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year DFS (P=0.021). Pretreatment LMR was associated with both 5-year DFS and OS (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In the subgroup analysis stratified by TIL level, the TIL level and the initial clinical stage were associated with 5-year DFS (P=0.027 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We explored the prognostic significance of the tumor site, TIL level, and pretreatment LMR level for ER-positive, HER2-negative patients. We concluded that the lower-inner/central quadrant tumors, TIL >10%, and pretreatment LMR level ≤5.2 were correlated with a poor prognosis. More aggressive NAC and/or endocrine therapy with internal mammary node radiotherapy (IMN-RT) should be administered to address the relatively poor prognosis of patients with breast carcinoma presenting the aforementioned adverse factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Mao F, Shen S, Zhao B, Xu Y, Lin Y, Zhang X, Cao X, Xu Y, Chen C, Zhang J, Sun Q. miR-452 Reverses Abnormal Glycosylation Modification of ERα and Estrogen Resistance in TNBC (Triple-Negative Breast Cancer) Through Targeting UGT1A1. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1509. [PMID: 32983995 PMCID: PMC7479224 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The breast epithelial cells in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) actually have specific estrogen receptor (ER) expression, and the abnormal glycosylation of UGT1A1 in TNBC cells resulted in abnormal expression and function of ERα through regulating the modification of ERα. Therefore, our study targets the role of UGT1A1 expression, then glycosylation modification of ERα (estrogen receptor α) and estrogen resistance in development of TNBC. Methods: The differential expression of mRNA and miRNA in TNBC tissues was tested. Luciferase activity was analyzed in TNBC cells treated with miR-452. Moreover, the human mammary gland and TNBC cell lines were dealt with estrogen and miR-452 or its inhibitors, then proliferation ability was further determined. Moreover, the role of interaction between UGT1A1 and ERα in the glycosylation modification of ERα and UGT activity, and metabolism of estrogen were assessed. The effects of miR-452 on TNBC by improving abnormal glycosylation modification of ERα by targeting UGT1A1 and estrogen resistance were studied in vitro and in vivo. Results: The expression level of UGT1A1 in TNBC tumor tissues was higher than its matched para-tumorous tissues, but the miR-452 expression was opposite. The glycosylation modification site of ERα expressed in TNBC cells was different from that of normal mammary epithelial cells. The estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) significantly promoted mitotic entry of TNBC cells. The interaction between UGT1A1 and ERα affected the expression level of each other, as well as the UGT enzyme activity and proliferation of TNBC cells. UGT1A1 induced production of intracellular estrogens and TNBC proliferation, but it could be reversed by overexpression of ERα. Upregulation of ERα caused the downregulation of UGT1A1 and marked decrease of intracellular estrogen products, and then suppressed TNBC proliferation. Moreover, UGT1A1 was the target gene of miR-452; miR-452 antagomir restrained TNBC xenograft. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that estrogen was a positive factor in the proliferation of TNBC cells at onset of mitosis through accentuating the expression and enzyme activity of UGT1A1. However, miR-452 targeted to UGT1A1, then regulated glycosylation modification of ERα, estrogen metabolism, and TNBC development associated with estrogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yidong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songjie Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinqian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratories, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Chakrabarti K, Swartz LK, Gill A, Fang F, Kidwell KM, Morikawa A. Development of CNS metastases in breast cancer patients treated with curative intent: a case-control study. CNS Oncol 2020; 9:CNS61. [PMID: 32945179 PMCID: PMC7546155 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors that may predispose breast cancer patients to the development of CNS metastases. Materials & methods: We conducted a matched case–control study of breast cancer patients treated with surgery with curative intent. A total of 71 cases and 71 controls were analyzed, matched by year of surgery. Results: In our multivariable model, positive lymph node status (odds ratio [OR]: 5.08; CI: 2.04–12.65), the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR: 6.02; CI: 2.06–17.57) and triple-negative breast cancer (OR: 5.44; CI: 1.99–14.90) were statistically significant predictors of the development of CNS metastases. Conclusion: Women with certain risk factors have an increased odds of developing CNS metastases and evaluation of utility in brain metastases screening should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Chakrabarti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Leigh K Swartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anoop Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kelley M Kidwell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aki Morikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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23
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Azawi S, Liehr T, Rincic M, Manferrari M. Molecular Cytogenomic Characterization of the Murine Breast Cancer Cell Lines C-127I, EMT6/P and TA3 Hauschka. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134716. [PMID: 32630352 PMCID: PMC7369978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test and introduce effective and less toxic breast cancer (BC) treatment strategies, animal models, including murine BC cell lines, are considered as perfect platforms. Strikingly, the knowledge on the genetic background of applied BC cell lines is often sparse though urgently necessary for their targeted and really justified application. METHODS In this study, we performed the first molecular cytogenetic characterization for three murine BC cell lines C-127I, EMT6/P and TA3 Hauschka. Besides fluorescence in situ hybridization-banding, array comparative genomic hybridization was also applied. Thus, overall, an in silico translation for the detected imbalances and chromosomal break events in the murine cell lines to the corresponding homologous imbalances in humans could be provided. The latter enabled a comparison of the murine cell line with human BC cytogenomics. RESULTS All three BC cell lines showed a rearranged karyotype at different stages of complexity, which can be interpreted carefully as reflectance of more or less advanced tumor stages. CONCLUSIONS Accordingly, the C-127I cell line would represent the late stage BC while the cell lines EMT6/P and TA3 Hauschka would be models for the premalignant or early BC stage and an early or benign BC, respectively. With this cytogenomic information provided, these cell lines now can be applied really adequately in future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Azawi
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Martina Rincic
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mattia Manferrari
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
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24
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Jones EF, Hathi DK, Freimanis R, Mukhtar RA, Chien AJ, Esserman LJ, van’t Veer LJ, Joe BN, Hylton NM. Current Landscape of Breast Cancer Imaging and Potential Quantitative Imaging Markers of Response in ER-Positive Breast Cancers Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1511. [PMID: 32527022 PMCID: PMC7352259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neoadjuvant treatment trials have shown that breast cancer subtypes identified on the basis of genomic and/or molecular signatures exhibit different response rates and recurrence outcomes, with the implication that subtype-specific treatment approaches are needed. Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers present a unique set of challenges for determining optimal neoadjuvant treatment approaches. There is increased recognition that not all ER+ breast cancers benefit from chemotherapy, and that there may be a subset of ER+ breast cancers that can be treated effectively using endocrine therapies alone. With this uncertainty, there is a need to improve the assessment and to optimize the treatment of ER+ breast cancers. While pathology-based markers offer a snapshot of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy, non-invasive imaging of the ER disease in response to treatment would provide broader insights into tumor heterogeneity, ER biology, and the timing of surrogate endpoint measurements. In this review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of breast imaging in neoadjuvant studies and highlight the technological advances in each imaging modality. We then further examine some potential imaging markers for neoadjuvant treatment response in ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella F. Jones
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Deep K. Hathi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Rita Freimanis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Rita A. Mukhtar
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - A. Jo Chien
- School of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (A.J.C.); (L.J.v.V.)
| | - Laura J. Esserman
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - Laura J. van’t Veer
- School of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (A.J.C.); (L.J.v.V.)
| | - Bonnie N. Joe
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
| | - Nola M. Hylton
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (D.K.H.); (R.F.); (B.N.J.); (N.M.H.)
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25
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Gan S, Dai H, Li R, Liu W, Ye R, Ha Y, Di X, Hu W, Zhang Z, Sun Y. Identification of key differentially expressed genes between ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer and ER-negative/HER2-negative breast cancer using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Gland Surg 2020; 9:661-675. [PMID: 32775256 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2020.03.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Treatment strategies for various subtypes of breast cancer (BC) are different based on their distinct molecular characteristics. Therefore, it is very important to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ER-positive/HER2-negative BC and ER-negative/HER2-negative BC. Methods Gene expression profiles of GSE22093 and GSE23988 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. There were 74 ER-positive/HER2-negative BC tissues and 85 ER-negative/HER2-negative BC tissues in the two profile datasets. DEGs between ER-positive/HER2-negative tissues and ER-negative/HER2-negative BC tissues were identified by the GEO2R tool. The common DEGs among the two datasets were detected with Venn software online. Next, we made use of the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery to analyze enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathways and gene ontology terms. Then, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of these DEGs were visualized by Cytoscape with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. Of the proteins in the PPI network, Molecular Complex Detection plug-in analysis identified nine core upregulated genes and one core downregulated gene. UALCAN and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis were applied to determine the expression of these 10 genes in BC. Furthermore, for the analysis of overall survival among those genes, the Kaplan-Meier method was implemented. Results Ninety-three common DEGs (63 upregulated and 30 downregulated) were identified. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that upregulated DEGs were particularly enriched in the progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation pathway. In addition, PGR might be a prognostic biomarker for ER-positive/HER2-negative BC. CCND1 is a poor prognostic biomarker for ER-positive/HER2-negative BC and ER-negative/HER2-negative BC. Moreover, TFF1, AGR2 and EGFR might be predictive biomarkers of node metastasis in ER-positive/HER2-negative BC and ER-negative/HER2-negative BC. Conclusions CCND1, AGR2, PGR, TFF1 and EGFR are the key DEGs between ER-positive/HER2-negative BC and ER-negative/HER2-negative BC. Further studies are required to confirm the functions of the identified genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Gan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Haixia Dai
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Rujia Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Ruifang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yanping Ha
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xiaoqing Di
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Wenhua Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Mammary Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yanqin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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26
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Wang H, Hu Y, Li H, Xie Y, Wang X, Wan W. Preliminary study on identification of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer subtypes based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) texture analysis. Gland Surg 2020; 9:622-628. [PMID: 32775251 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2020.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, breast cancer is divided into Luminal A, Luminal B, HER-2 overexpression (HER-2) and basal cell at genetic level. However, the differential diagnosis of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer subtypes is rare. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of identifying the ER-positive breast cancer subtypes based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) texture analysis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for clinical data of 51 patients with ER-positive breast invasive ductal carcinoma confirmed by surgery and pathology from January 20 to October 2018. FireVoxel texture analysis software was used to delineate the tumor boundary layer by layer. The differences in the above characteristics between Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancer were compared, and the diagnostic efficacy of statistically significant texture parameters for ER-positive breast cancer subtypes was analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in mean, standard deviation (SD), skewness and tumor size between Luminal A and Luminal B groups (P>0.05). The kurtosis, inhomogeneity and entropy could effectively distinguish between the two groups with statistically significant difference (P=0.001, P=0.000, and P=0.000). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of kurtosis, inhomogeneity and entropy diagnosed with malignant mass were 0.832, 0.859 and 0.891, respectively (P<0.01). In addition, the entropy was the best among the three indicators. When the entropy was ≤4.22, the sensitivity of the diagnosis Luminal B was 90.62% and the specificity was 78.95%. Conclusions The texture analysis features based on DCE-MRI can help to identify ER-positive breast cancer subtypes. Entropy can be the best single texture indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yunting Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuanliang Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weijia Wan
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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27
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Chen B, Cao D, Chen Z, Huang Y, Lin T, Ai J, Liu L, Wei Q. Estrogen regulates the proliferation and inflammatory expression of primary stromal cell in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:322-331. [PMID: 32420138 PMCID: PMC7214965 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in prostate tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) individuals, and the effects of estrogen regulating the proliferation and inflammatory expressions of primary prostate stromal cells in BPH. Methods A total of 44 human BPH prostate tissues were collected to explore the expression of ER by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell proliferation, mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed in primary prostate stromal cells treated with estrogen or estrogen plus fulvestrant through cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), IHC and western blot, respectively. Results Firstly, ERβ was positive, and ERα was negative in the transition zone of prostate among all the 44 individuals with BPH. Secondly, the effects could be partially inhibited by fulvestrant, of estrogen promoting the proliferation of primary prostate stromal cells cultured in dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Thirdly, estrogen up-regulates the mRNA levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), CD40 ligand (CD 40L), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) and interleukin 10 (IL10), and down-regulates the mRNA levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) and interleukin 17C (IL17C). Then, the protein expressions of CCR3, CCR4, CD40L, IL10 and IL17C are positive, and CXCL9 is negative in the third-generation primary prostate stromal cells. Finally, the effects could be partially inhibited by fulvestrant, of estrogen up-regulating the protein levels of CD40L and IL10. Conclusions The expressions of ER in human BPH prostate tissues are zone-dependent. Estrogen promoting the proliferation of primary prostate stromal cells cultured in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS. The expressions of CCR3, CCR4, CD 40L, IL17C, CXCL9 and IL10 are regulated by estrogen in primary prostate stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianhai Lin
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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28
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Li HN, Chen CH. Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsies of Breast Invasive Carcinoma: When One Core is Sufficient for Pathologic Diagnosis and Assessment of Hormone Receptor and HER2 Status. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9020054. [PMID: 31086096 PMCID: PMC6627756 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US)-guided core needle biopsy is considered the gold standard procedure with regard to preoperative diagnosis of breast carcinomas. However, there is no clear standard for the number of cores considered to be sufficient for pathologic evaluation, including the expression of surface hormone markers and HER2 status. Images and pathologic slides demonstrating breast invasive carcinoma from a single institution were thus retrospectively reviewed over a 12 month period. The results indicated that one core is sufficient for the diagnosis of invasive carcinomas, along with a reliable assessment of hormone receptor and HER2 status in many cases. The option of applying additional cores is recommended for some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ni Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Han Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan.
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29
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Getter T, Suh S, Hoang T, Handa JT, Dong Z, Ma X, Chen Y, Blackshaw S, Palczewski K. The selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene mitigates the effect of all- trans-retinal toxicity in photoreceptor degeneration. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9461-9475. [PMID: 31073029 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoid cycle is a metabolic process in the vertebrate retina that continuously regenerates 11-cis-retinal (11-cisRAL) from the all-trans-retinal (atRAL) isomer. atRAL accumulation can cause photoreceptor degeneration and irreversible visual dysfunction associated with incurable blinding retinal diseases, such as Stargardt disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The underlying cellular mechanisms leading to retinal degeneration remain uncertain, although previous studies have shown that atRAL promotes calcium influx associated with cell apoptosis. To identify compounds that mitigate the effects of atRAL toxicity, here we developed an unbiased and robust image-based assay that can detect changes in intracellular calcium levels in U2OS cells. Using our assay in a high-throughput screen of 2,400 compounds, we noted that selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) potently stabilize intracellular calcium and thereby counteract atRAL-induced toxicity. In a light-induced retinal degeneration mouse model (Abca4 -/- Rdh8 -/-), raloxifene (a benzothiophene-type scaffold SERM) prevented the onset of photoreceptor apoptosis and thus protected the retina from degeneration. The minor structural differences between raloxifene and one of its derivatives (Y 134) had a major impact on calcium homeostasis after atRAL exposure in vitro, and we verified this differential impact in vivo In summary, the SERM raloxifene has structural and functional neuroprotective effects in the retina. We propose that the highly sensitive image-based assay developed here could be applied for the discovery of additional drug candidates preventing photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Getter
- From the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, .,the Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Susie Suh
- From the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697.,the Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Thanh Hoang
- the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - James T Handa
- the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | | | - Xiuli Ma
- Polgenix Inc., Irvine, California 92617
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- the Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and.,the McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- From the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, .,the Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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30
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Medwid S, Guan H, Yang K. Bisphenol A stimulates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression via an unknown mechanism in adrenal cortical cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2429-2438. [PMID: 30206973 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment. Exposure to BPA is known to be associated with disruption of steroidogenesis in reproductive tissues, but little is known about its effects on the adrenal gland. We previously showed that prenatal BPA exposure resulted in elevated plasma corticosterone levels concomitant with increased adrenal levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, in adult female mouse offspring. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the BPA-induced StAR protein expression in the adrenal gland remain unknown. Therefore, the current study was designed to address this important question using the human cortical cell line, H295A cells, as an in vitro model system. We found that: (1) BPA increased StAR protein levels in a dose-dependent manner; (2) both estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)- and ERβ-specific agonists mimicked while the ER antagonist ICI abrogated the stimulatory effects of BPA on StAR protein levels; and (3) BPA did not alter StAR messenger RNA, 37kDa preprotein or protein half-life. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that BPA increases StAR protein levels through an unknown mechanism independent of StAR gene transcription, translation, and protein half-life. Furthermore, such effects are likely mediated by ERα and/or ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Medwid
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haiyan Guan
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaiping Yang
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Lin J, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhang N, Gober HJ, Qiu X, Li D, Wang L. Chinese single herbs and active ingredients for postmenopausal osteoporosis: From preclinical evidence to action mechanism. Biosci Trends 2018; 11:496-506. [PMID: 29151553 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic skeletal disease generally ascribable to a dearth of estrogen. Whether traditional Chinese medicine is effective in management of postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unclear. This article reviews the experimental evidence of both in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies with the theme of the application of Chinese single herbs and active ingredients in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It includes three single herbs (Herba Epimedium, Rhizoma Drynariae, and Salvia miltiorrhiza) and eight active ingredients (saikosaponins, linarin, echinacoside, sweroside, psoralen, poncirin, vanillic acid, and osthole). The experimental studies indicated their potential use as treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis and investigated the underlying mechanisms including osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (OPG/RANKL), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun N terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/JNK/MAPK), estrogen receptor (ER), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch signaling pathways. This review contributes to a better understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and provides useful information for the development of more effective anti-osteoporosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenling People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Na Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | | | - Xuemin Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
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Kamaruzman NI, Tiash S, Ashaie M, Chowdhury EH. siRNAs Targeting Growth Factor Receptor and Anti-Apoptotic Genes Synergistically Kill Breast Cancer Cells through Inhibition of MAPK and PI-3 Kinase Pathways. Biomedicines 2018; 6:E73. [PMID: 29932151 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the second leading cause of female deaths worldwide, is usually treated with cytotoxic drugs, accompanied by adverse side-effects, development of chemoresistance and relapse of disease condition. Survival and proliferation of the cancer cells are greatly empowered by over-expression or over-activation of growth factor receptors and anti-apoptotic factors. Identification of these key players that cross-talk to each other, and subsequently, knockdown with their respective siRNAs in a synchronous manner could be a promising approach to precisely treat the cancer. Since siRNAs demonstrate limited cell permeability and unfavorable pharmacokinetic behaviors, pH-sensitive nanoparticles of carbonate apatite were employed to efficiently carry the siRNAs in vitro and in vivo. By delivering selective siRNAs against the mRNA transcripts of the growth factor receptors, such as ER, ERBB2 (HER2), EGFR and IGFR, and anti-apoptotic protein, such as BCL2 in human (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and murine (4T1) breast cancer cell lines, we found that ESR1 along with BCL-2, or with ERBB2 and EGFR critically contributes to the growth/survival of the cancer cells by activating the MAPK and PI-3 kinase pathways. Furthermore, intravenous delivery of the selected siRNAs aiming to suppress the expression of ER/BCL2 and ER/ERBB2/EGFR groups of proteins led to a significant retardation in tumor growth in a 4T1-induced syngeneic mouse model.
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You D, Lin L, Wang Q, Yi T, Zhao L, Li M, Wang P. Clinical significance of BCL11A expression in ER-negative and PR-negative endometrial carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2018; 11:3068-3075. [PMID: 31938433 PMCID: PMC6958092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism and clinical significance of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A) gene in the development of endometrial carcinoma (EC). METHODS 100 EC, 20 normal endometrium and 20 atypical hyperplasia endometrium specimens were collected from West China Second University Hospital from January 2005 to January 2015. The expression of BCL11A was detected by immunohistochemistry and its relationships with clinicopathological features and survival were analyzed. RESULTS The expression of BCL11A in ER-/PR-EC was higher than that in normal endometrium, atypical hyperplasia endometrium, and ER+/PR+EC (P < 0.001). The expression of BCL11A in EC was associated with age, menopause, EC classification, para-aortic lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, histological type, ER/PR expression and p53 expression (P < 0.05). The expression of BCL11A in the deceased group was significantly higher than that in the survival group (P = 0.011). Survival analysis indicated that the high expression of BCL11A was associated with low survival rate (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS BCL11A may play an important role in the development of ER-/PR-EC. It may serve as a potential target for therapy and a predict factor for prognosis. It can also provide molecular basis for new EC classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tianjin Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lingjun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Maomao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Youssef SES, El-Khateeb EA, Aly DG, Moussa MH. Striae distensae: Immunohistochemical assessment of hormone receptors in multigravida and nulligravida. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 16:279-286. [PMID: 28374517 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Striae distensae (SD), a type of dermal scarring, are psychologically disappointing. To date, information and scientific research behind the role of hormonal factors in the development of SD are still unclear. It is vital to understand striae to offer patients the best therapeutic options. OBJECTIVES To investigate early alterations regarding the expression of estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors (estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in skin samples of multigravida (MG) and nulligravida (NG) cases and to compare them with normal controls. METHODS This study included 30 subjects (10 MG and 10 NG cases with early SD and 10 healthy controls). Biopsies from SD lesions, perilesional normal skin of cases and normal skin of controls were examined immunohistochemically for ER, AR, and GR expression using immune peroxidase technique. RESULTS Comparing MG and NG with controls, ER expression appeared reduced in MG and NG (P-value<.001), AR was elevated in MG (P-value<.05) with no considerable difference in NG (P-value>.05), while GR was elevated in both MG and NG (P-value<.05). On comparing perilesional skin with SD lesions in each of MG and NG groups, SD lesions revealed reduced ER expression in both groups (P-value<.05), whereas in MG group: AR expression was elevated with no difference detected regarding GR (P-value˃.05); meanwhile in NG, elevated expression in both AR and GR expression was noted (P-Value<.001) CONCLUSIONS: Striae distansae lesions demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of AR and GR and a declined expression of ER indicating their involvement in the development of early SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar El Sayed Youssef
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Dalia Gamal Aly
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Fu G, Ma J, Wang L, Yang X, Liu J, Zhao X. Effect of Degradation of Zearalenone-Contaminated Feed by Bacillus licheniformis CK1 on Postweaning Female Piglets. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E300. [PMID: 27763510 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), an estrogenic mycotoxin, is mainly produced by Fusarium fungi. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis CK1 isolated from soil with the capability of degrading ZEA was evaluated for its efficacy in reducing the adverse effects of ZEA in piglets. The gilts were fed one of the following three diets for 14 days: a basic diet for the control group; the basic diet supplemented with ZEA-contaminated basic diet for the treatment 1 (T1) group; and the basic diet supplemented with fermented ZEA-contaminated basic diet by CK1 for the treatment 2 (T2) group. The actual ZEA contents (analyzed) were 0, 1.20 ± 0.11, 0.47 ± 0.22 mg/kg for the control, T1, and T2 diets, respectively. The results showed that the T1 group had significantly increased the size of vulva and the relative weight of reproductive organs compared to the control group at the end of the trial. The T1 group significantly decreased the concentration of the luteinizing hormone (LH) compared with the control and T2 groups. Expression of ERβ was significantly up-regulated in the T2 group compared with the control. In addition, expression of ERβ was not different between the control and the T1 group. In summary, our results suggest that Bacillus licheniformis CK1 could detoxify ZEA in feed and reduce the adverse effects of ZEA in the gilts.
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Zhang XY, Wang B, Guan YF. Nuclear Receptor Regulation of Aquaporin-2 in the Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1105. [PMID: 27409611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is a vasopressin-regulated water channel responsible for regulating water reabsorption through the apical plasma membrane of the principal cells of renal collecting ducts. It has been found that dysregulation and dysfunction of AQP2 cause many disorders related to water balance in people and animals, including polyuria and dilutional hyponatremia. Classically, AQP2 mRNA and protein expression and its membrane translocation are regulated by systemic vasopressin involving short-term regulation of AQP2 trafficking to and from the apical plasma membrane and long-term regulation of the total amount of the AQP2 protein in the cell. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that collecting duct AQP2 expression and membrane translocation are also under the control of many other local factors, especially nuclear receptors. Here, we briefly review the progress of studies in this area and discuss the role of nuclear receptors in the regulation of water reabsorption via affecting AQP2 expression and function.
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Vohra P, Buelow B, Chen YY, Serrano M, Vohra MS, Berry A, Ljung BM. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in breast cancer FNA cell blocks and paired histologic specimens: A large retrospective study. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124:828-835. [PMID: 27315045 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular analysis represents an increasingly important component of the pathologic examination of tumor specimens. Notably, the characterization of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in breast cancer specimens provides critical prognostic and predictive information. The objective of the current study was to compare the concordance of these markers as determined on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cell blocks compared with tissue blocks prepared from surgical specimens. METHODS A total of 134 cases of breast carcinoma were identified from 2002 through 2014 with both FNA cell blocks (fixed in 10% formalin) and corresponding available tissue blocks and ER, PR, and HER2 were characterized in both specimens. Negative and positive concordances were determined for ER and PR in cell blocks compared with tissue blocks, and for HER2 immunohistochemistry on cell blocks and tissue blocks versus the corresponding reference method, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS Concordance for ER expression evaluated on a cell block compared with the corresponding tissue block was 96.2%. Concordance for PR expression was 77.5%. Overall agreement of HER2 FISH testing between cell blocks and tissue blocks was 96.7%. For both cell blocks and tissue blocks, HER2 expression by immunohistochemistry demonstrated ≥98% positive and negative concordance with the FISH reference method. CONCLUSIONS ER, PR, and HER2 determination on FNA-acquired cell block (fixed exclusively in 10% formalin) showed excellent agreement for ER and HER2 and moderate agreement for PR with the corresponding tissue block. These findings support the equivalency of ER and HER2 evaluation performed on FNA cell blocks compared with surgical tissue blocks. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:828-35. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin Buelow
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Maria Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Francisco
| | | | - Anna Berry
- Cell Netix Pathology and Laboratories, Swedish Cancer Institute
| | - Britt-Marie Ljung
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our and other studies have pointed on an important role of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in development of breast cancer, especially in hormone therapy. To investigate if PGRMC1 could be used to predict the risk for getting breast cancer, we assessed in tissues of patients with primary invasive breast cancer, if the expression of PGRMC1 may be associated with the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), and ki67. METHODS Samples from 109 patients with breast cancer between the years 2008 and 2014 were obtained with the patients' consent. Each sample was evaluated for the ERα, PR, Ki67, and PGRMC1 expression by immunohistochemistry using serial sections from the ame paraffin block comparing malignant tissue to benign tissue. RESULTS Expression of PGRMC1 is increased in tumor area compared with non-cancerous tissue and positively correlates with ERα expression (OR = 1.42 95%CI 1.06-1.91, p = 0.02). No association was obtained between expression of PGRMC1 and PR or Ki67. CONCLUSION It can be suggested that women with breast epithelium highly expressing PGRMC1 and in interaction with ERα may have an increased risk to develop breast cancer, especially when treated with hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangyan Ruan
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- b Department of Endocrinology and Menopause , University Women's Hospital of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany , and
| | - Marina Willibald
- c Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Women's Hospital of Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - Harald Seeger
- b Department of Endocrinology and Menopause , University Women's Hospital of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany , and
| | - Tanja Fehm
- c Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Women's Hospital of Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- c Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Women's Hospital of Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - Alfred O Mueck
- a Department of Gynecological Endocrinology , Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- b Department of Endocrinology and Menopause , University Women's Hospital of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany , and
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He Q, Zhang M, Zhang J, Chen Y, He J, Shen J, Liu Y, Zhong S, Jiang L, Yang C, Zeng Y, Guo M, Chen X, He J, Liang W. Correlation between epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and nuclear expression of female hormone receptors in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1588-94. [PMID: 26543606 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with male, female non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have better response when treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), suggesting a potential association between female hormones and EGFR mutation. However, the results provided by previous studies were inconclusive and controversial. We sought to examine the link between the expression of nuclear female hormone receptors and EGFR mutations in NSCLC. METHODS Electronic databases were used to search the relevant articles. The involved hormone receptors included estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of ER/PR expression and EGFR mutation in NSCLC patients. RESULTS Five studies fulfilled the criteria and were included in our analysis. Patients with high ER-β expression had higher positive EGFR mutation than low ER-β patients (44.2% vs. 23.7%), and there was a significant difference between the two groups [odds radio (OR) 3.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.40-4.93, Z=6.72, P<0.001]. However, there is no significant correlation between EGFR mutations and ER-α (when included ER-α3, OR 1.20, 95% CI: 0.62-2.33, Z=0.55, P=0.58; and when included ER-α4, OR 1.18, 95% CI: 0.62-2.25, Z=0.51, P=0.61) or PR (OR 1.29, 95% CI: 0.40-4.10, Z=0.43, P=0.67). No significant publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS High nuclear expression of ER-β, but not ER-α or PR is correlated with EGFR mutations in NSCLC. The underlying mechanism and potential translational relevance warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua He
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Mingzhe Zhang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Ying Chen
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Jiaxi He
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Jianfei Shen
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yang Liu
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Shengyi Zhong
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Long Jiang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Minzhang Guo
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Jianxing He
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 2 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China ; 3 Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen 361004, China
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Garritano S, Romanel A, Ciribilli Y, Bisio A, Gavoci A, Inga A, Demichelis F. In-silico identification and functional validation of allele-dependent AR enhancers. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4816-28. [PMID: 25693204 PMCID: PMC4467117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen Receptor (AR) and Estrogen Receptors (ERs) are key nuclear receptors that can cooperate in orchestrating gene expression programs in multiple tissues and diseases, targeting binding elements in promoters and distant enhancers. We report the unbiased identification of enhancer elements bound by AR and ER-α whose activity can be allele-specific depending on the status of nearby Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP). ENCODE data were computationally mined to nominate genomic loci with: (i) chromatin signature of enhancer activity from activation histone marks, (ii) binding evidence by AR and ER-α, (iii) presence of a SNP. Forty-one loci were identified and two, on 1q21.3 and 13q34, selected for characterization by gene reporter, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and RT-qPCR assays in breast (MCF7) and prostate (PC-3) cancer-derived cell lines. We observed allele-specific enhancer activity, responsiveness to ligand-bound AR, and potentially influence on the transcription of closely located genes (RAB20, ING1, ARHGEF7, ADAM15). The 1q21.3 variant, rs2242193, showed impact on AR binding in MCF7 cells that are heterozygous for the SNP. Our unbiased genome-wide search proved to be an efficient methodology to discover new functional polymorphic regulatory regions (PRR) potentially acting as risk modifiers in hormone-driven cancers and overall nominated SNPs in PRR across 136 transcription factors.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Computer Simulation
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Male
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Garritano
- Laboratory of Computational Oncology, CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- Laboratory of Computational Oncology, CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Antoneta Gavoci
- Laboratory of Computational Oncology, CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Inga
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Laboratory of Computational Oncology, CIBIO, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
- HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Chakraborty AK, Mehra R, Digiovanna MP. Co-targeting ER and HER family receptors induces apoptosis in HER2-normal or overexpressing breast cancer models. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:1243-1250. [PMID: 25750271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family receptors interact in breast cancer; co-targeting these receptors is of interest. We previously reported on a synergistic growth inhibition for the combination of trastuzumab plus tamoxifen in HER2+/ER+ BT474 cells, but no induction of apoptosis. Herein we describe the effects of co-targeting in models of differing HER2 overexpression status (MCF7 HER2-normal/ER+, BT474 HER2-overexpressing/ER+). MATERIALS AND METHODS Assays of proliferation were carried-out using WST-1, cell cycle using flow cytometry, and apoptosis by determination of sub-G1 population and by annexin-V. RESULTS Combining a dual HER2/EGFR kinase inhibitor with anti-estrogens induces apoptosis of BT474 cells. Furthermore, in MCF7 cells, despite HER2-normal status and lack of response to single-agent HER2 inhibitors, addition of HER2 inhibitors or dual HER2/EGFR inhibitor to anti-estrogens augments the antiproliferative effect of anti-estrogens, and converts the drug effect from cytostatic to apoptosis-inducing. CONCLUSION ER-HER co-targeting enhanced the antitumor effects and can bring about effects of targeting HER2 in models of HER2-normal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Chakraborty
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology) and Pharmacology, and the Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology) and Pharmacology, and the Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Michael P Digiovanna
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology) and Pharmacology, and the Yale Cancer Center/Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A.
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Albawardi AS, Awwad AA, Almarzooqi SS. Mammary carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: a case report. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:9038-9043. [PMID: 25674284 PMCID: PMC4313993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammary carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells is rare, and comprises less that 2% of breast carcinoma cases. Herein, we present a case of a 45-year-old woman who underwent breast lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy for a solitary well defined breast tumor. Histological examination revealed an invasive tumor composed of ducts, small nests and cribriform formations intermixed with a prominent osteoclast like giant cell component. The background stroma is hemorrhagic with conspicuous hemosiderin deposition. The paper will outline the clinico-pathologic characteristic features of this uncommon subtype as well as the current understanding on the pathogenesis of the osteoclast-like giant cells. The invasive carcinoma and the osteoclast-like giant cells staining patterns using immunohistochemical stains for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, receptor activator of nuclear-kB, RANK ligand, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Saeed Albawardi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health SciencesAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Tawam HospitalAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Saeeda Saleh Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health SciencesAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Tawam HospitalAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Safarpour D, Pakneshan S, Tavassoli FA. Androgen receptor (AR) expression in 400 breast carcinomas: is routine AR assessment justified? Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:353-368. [PMID: 25057438 PMCID: PMC4106653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) do not benefit from hormonal or Herceptin therapies. In search of novel therapeutic targets for TNBC, interest is escalating in a subset of these tumors that are androgen receptor (AR) positive with potential benefit from anti-androgen therapy. Against this background, the frequency of AR expression alone and in combination with other markers and morphologic features was assessed to identify TNBC subtypes for targeted therapy. METHODS 400 consecutive invasive mammary carcinomas with known estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR) and HER2 status were selected for study. The frequency of AR positivity alone or in combination with other markers was recorded with specific attention to the morphology of AR+ TNBCs. Ki67 was evaluated in selected group of cases. ASCO/CAP guidelines were used for interpretation of the various biomarkers. RESULTS Of the 400 tumors, 32 (8%) carcinomas were quadruple negative (ER-, PR-, AR-, Her2-), while 50 tumors (12.5%) were triple negative (ER-, PR-, Her2-); 18 (36%) of the triple negative tumors were AR positive and 10 (55%) of these were classic apocrine carcinomas. Fourteen cases, all apocrine carcinomas, were AR and Her2 positive. All 32 QN carcinomas were poorly differentiated and they had the highest Ki67 labeling index. CONCLUSION The relatively high proportion of AR+ tumors (36%) among the 50 triple negative carcinomas is an important finding in support of routine assessment of AR in at least all TNBCs and apocrine carcinomas as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damoun Safarpour
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shabnam Pakneshan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, adversely affects female reproductive health. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We found that oral administration (p.o.) of BPA (20 μg/kg) to adult female mice at proestrus, but not at estrus or diestrus, significantly increased the levels of plasma E₂, LH and FSH, and Gnrh mRNA within 6 h. The administration of BPA at proestrus, but not at diestrus, could elevate the levels of Kiss1 mRNA and kisspeptin protein in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) within 6 h. In contrast, the level of Kiss1 mRNA in arcuate nucleus (ARC) was hardly altered by BPA administration. In addition, at proestrus, a single injection (i.c.v.) of BPA dose-dependently enhanced the AVPV-kisspeptin expression within 6 h, this was sensitive to E₂ depletion by ovariectomy and an estrogen receptor α (ERα) antagonist. Similarly, the injection of BPA (i.c.v.) at proestrus could elevate the levels of plasma E₂, LH, and Gnrh mRNA within 6 h in a dose-dependent manner, which was blocked by antagonists of GPR54 or ERα. Injection of BPA (i.c.v.) at proestrus failed to alter the timing and peak concentration of LH-surge generation. In ovariectomized mice, the application of E₂ induced a dose-dependent increase in the AVPV-Kiss1 mRNA level, indicating 'E₂-induced positive feedback', which was enhanced by BPA injection (i.c.v.). The levels of Erα (Esr1) and Erβ (Esr2) mRNAs in AVPV and ARC did not differ significantly between vehicle-and BPA-treated groups. This study provides in vivo evidence that exposure of adult female mice to a low dose of BPA disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal reproductive endocrine system through enhancing AVPV-kisspeptin expression and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Hanzhong Road 140, Nanjing 210029, China MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Smolarek AK, Suh N. Chemopreventive activity of vitamin E in breast cancer: a focus on γ- and δ-tocopherol. Nutrients 2011; 3:962-86. [PMID: 22254089 PMCID: PMC3257724 DOI: 10.3390/nu3110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E consists of eight different variants: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (saturated phytyl tail) and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols (unsaturated phytyl tail). Cancer prevention studies with vitamin E have primarily utilized the variant α-tocopherol. To no avail, a majority of these studies focused on variant α-tocopherol with inconsistent results. However, γ-tocopherol, and more recently δ-tocopherol, have shown greater ability to reduce inflammation, cell proliferation, and tumor burden. Recent results have shown that γ-enriched mixed tocopherols inhibit the development of mammary hyperplasia and tumorigenesis in animal models. In this review, we discuss the possible differences between the variant forms, molecular targets, and cancer-preventive effects of tocopherols. We recommend that a γ-enriched mixture, γ- and δ-tocopherol, but not α-tocopherol, are promising agents for breast cancer prevention and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Smolarek
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-732-445-3400 (ext. 226); Fax: +1-732-445-0687
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