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Kang YT, Chang HY, Hsieh YC, Chou CH, Hsin IL, Ko JL. Integrin αV Inhibition by GMI, a Ganoderma Microsporum Immunomodulatory Protein, Abolish Stemness and Migration in EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer Cells Resistant to Osimertinib. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39152744 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Integrins, the receptors of the extracellular matrix, are critical in the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. GMI, a Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein, possesses anticancer and antivirus abilities. The object of this study is to investigate the role of GMI in the integrins signaling pathway in lung cancer cells that harbor the EGFR L858R/T790M double mutation and osimertinib-resistance. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and western blot assay were used to investigate the effect of GMI on inhibiting the protein expressions of integrins in H1975 cells. The migration ability and xenograft tumor growth of H1975 were suppressed by GMI. To elucidate the role of the integrin family in lung cancer resistant to osimertinib (AZD-9291, Tagrisso), H1975 cells were used to establish the osimertinib-resistant cells, named H1975/TR cells. The expressions of Integrin αV and stemness markers were much higher in H1975/TR cells than in H1975 cells. GMI suppressed cell viability, tumor spheroid growth, and the expressions of integrin αV and β1 in H1975/TR cells. Furthermore, GMI suppressed the expressions of stemness markers and formation of tumor spheres via blocking integrin αV signaling cascade. This is the first study to reveal the novel function of GMI in constraining cancer stem cells and migration by abolishing the integrin αV-related signaling pathway in EGFR-mutated and osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Kang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ding H, Teng Y, Gao P, Zhang Q, Wang M, Yu Y, Fan Y, Zhu L. Construction of a prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma based on m6A/m5C/m1A genes. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:563-582. [PMID: 38142284 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a prognostic model for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) that utilizes m6A/m5C/m1A genes holds immense importance in providing precise prognosis predictions for individuals. METHODS This study mined m6A/m5C/m1A-related differential genes in LUAD based on public databases, identified LUAD tumor subtypes based on these genes, and further built a risk prognostic model grounded in differential genes between subtypes. The immune status between high- and low-risk groups was investigated, and the distribution of feature genes in tumor immune cells was analyzed using single-cell analysis. Based on the expression levels of feature genes, a projection of chemotherapeutic and targeted drugs was made for individuals identified as high-risk. Ultimately, cell experiments were further verified. RESULTS The 6-gene risk prognosis model based on differential genes between tumor subtypes had good predictive performance. Individuals classified as low-risk exhibited a higher (P < 0.05) abundance of infiltrating immune cells. Feature genes were mainly distributed in tumor immune cells like CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, and regulatory T cells. Four drugs with relatively low IC50 values were found in the high-risk group: Elesclomol, Pyrimethamine, Saracatinib, and Temsirolimus. In addition, four drugs with significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between IC50 values and feature gene expression were found, including Alectinib, Estramustine, Brigatinib, and Elesclomol. The low expression of key gene NTSR1 reduced the IC50 value of irinotecan. CONCLUSION Based on the m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes in LUAD, LUAD patients were divided into 2 subtypes, and a m6A/m5C/m1A-related LUAD prognostic model was constructed to provide a reference for the prognosis prediction of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, NO. 8 Dianli Road, Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Teng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, NO. 8 Dianli Road, Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212002, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, NO. 8 Dianli Road, Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212002, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, NO. 8 Dianli Road, Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212002, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, NO. 8 Dianli Road, Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212002, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of General Practice, Jiankang Road Community Health Service Center, NO. 239 Zhongshan East Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212008, China
| | - Yueping Fan
- Department of Respiratory, Jurong Branch Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, NO. 8 Huayang South Road, Jurong City, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212400, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, NO. 8 Dianli Road, Runzhou District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212002, China
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Hua WJ, Hwang WL, Yeh H, Lin ZH, Hsu WH, Lin TY. Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein combined with KRAS G12C inhibitor impedes intracellular AKT/ERK network to suppress lung cancer cells with KRAS mutation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129291. [PMID: 38211909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
KRAS mutations are tightly associated with lung cancer progression. Despite the unprecedented clinical success of KRASG12C inhibitors, recurrent mechanisms of resistance and other KRAS mutations require further therapeutic approaches. GMI, a protein from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma microsporum, possesses antitumor activity; whereas, the biological function of GMI on regulating KRAS mutant lung cancer cells remains unknown. Herein, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics showed that GMI may regulate KRAS-modulated MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways in A549 (KRASG12S) cells. Further experiments demonstrated that GMI inhibited KRAS activation and suppressed ERK1/2 and AKT signaling in A549 cells. Intriguingly, GMI inhibited AKT signaling but increased phosphorylation of ERK in H358 (KRASG12C) cells. GMI significantly suppressed tumor growth in LLC1 cells-allograft and H358 cells-xenograft mice. GMI showed a synergistic effect with KRASG12C inhibitors in inhibiting cell growth, KRAS activation and KRAS-mediated downstream signaling, leading to apoptosis in H358 cells. Combination of GMI and KRASG12C inhibitor, AMG 510, resulted in more durable inhibition of tumor growth and KRAS activity in H358 cells-xenograft mice. This study highlights the potential of GMI, a dietary fungal protein, as a viable therapeutic avenue for KRAS-mutant lung cancer in combination with KRASG12C inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jyun Hua
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer and Immunology Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; LO-Sheng Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lo HC, Hua WJ, Yeh H, Lin ZH, Huang LC, Ciou YR, Ruan R, Lin KF, Tseng AJ, Wu ATH, Hsu WH, Chao CH, Lin TY. GMI, a Ganoderma microsporum protein, abolishes focal adhesion network to reduce cell migration and metastasis of lung cancer. Life Sci 2023; 335:122255. [PMID: 37967792 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, emphasizing the urgent need for effective therapies. Although it has been shown that GMI, a fungal protein from Ganoderma microsporum, could suppress primary tumor growth in a wide spectrum of cancer types, it is still unclear whether GMI exhibits anti-metastasis properties, particularly in lung cancers. Further investigation is needed. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of GMI on lung cancer metastasis in vivo. Utilizing systematic and comprehensive approaches, our research aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-metastatic effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro migration and cell adhesion assays addressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related phenotype. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses identified the GMI-regulated proteins and cellular responses. GMI-treated LLC1-bearing mice were analyzed using IVIS Spectrum to assess the anti-metastatic effect. KEY FINDINGS GMI inhibits EMT as well as cell migration. GMI disrupts cell adhesion and downregulates integrin, resulting in inhibition of phosphorylated FAK. GMI induces macropinocytosis and lysosome-mediated degradation of integrin αv, α5, α6 and β1. GMI downregulates Slug via inhibition of FAK activity, which in turn enhances expressions of epithelial-related markers and decreases cell mobility. Mechanistically, GMI-induced FAK inhibition engenders MDM2 expression and enhances MDM2/p21/Slug complex formation, leading to Slug degradation. GMI treatment reduces the metastatic pulmonary lesion and prolongs the survival of LLC1-bearing mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlight GMI as a promising therapeutic candidate for metastatic lung cancers, offering potential avenues for further research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lo
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jyun Hua
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Huang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Ciou
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Runcheng Ruan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fan Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Jung Tseng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science & Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; LO-Sheng Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS(2)B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hsin IL, Wu PJ, Tang SC, Ou CC, Chang HY, Shen HP, Ko JL, Wang PH. β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001 suppress cell cycle progression and induce autophagy in endometrial cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2440-2450. [PMID: 37682852 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of endometrial cancer has been rising in recent years. Gene mutation and high protein expression of β-catenin are commonly detected in endometrioid endometrial cancer. ICG-001 is a β-catenin inhibitor via blocking the complex formation of β-catenin and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP). This study aims to investigate the effect of ICG-001 on endometrial cancer inhibition. First, endometrial carcinoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoids and primary cells were used to verify the inhibiting ability of ICG-001 on endometrial cancer. Furthermore, endometrial cancer cell lines were used to investigate the anticancer mechanism of ICG-001. Using MTT assay and tumor spheroid formation assay, ICG-001 significantly reduced the cell viability of HEC-59 and HEC-1A cells. ICG-001 enhanced cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity. ICG-001 decreased cancer stem cell sphere formation. ICG-001 decreased the protein expressions of CD44, hexokinase 2 (HK2), and cyclin A. ICG-001 lowered the cell cycle progression by flow cytometer analysis. Autophagy, but no apoptosis, was activated by ICG-001 in endometrial cancer cells. Autophagy inhibition by ATG5 silencing enhanced ICG-001-mediated suppression of cell viability, tumor spheroid formation, and protein expression of cyclin A and CD44. This study clarified the mechanism and revealed the clinical potential of ICG-001 against endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Chung Tang
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Pin Shen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu SY, Ou CC, Lee ML, Hsin IL, Kang YT, Jan MS, Ko JL. Polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorates Cachectic Myopathy Induced by the Combination Cisplatin plus Docetaxel in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0313022. [PMID: 37212664 PMCID: PMC10269453 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03130-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a lethal muscle-wasting syndrome associated with cancer and chemotherapy use. Mounting evidence suggests a correlation between cachexia and intestinal microbiota, but there is presently no effective treatment for cachexia. Whether the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide Liz-H exerts protective effects on cachexia and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by the combination cisplatin plus docetaxel (cisplatin + docetaxel) was investigated. C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin + docetaxel, with or without oral administration of Liz-H. Body weight, food consumption, complete blood count, blood biochemistry, and muscle atrophy were measured. Next-generation sequencing was also performed to investigate changes to gut microbial ecology. Liz-H administration alleviated the cisplatin + docetaxel-induced weight loss, muscle atrophy, and neutropenia. Furthermore, upregulation of muscle protein degradation-related genes (MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1) and decline of myogenic factors (MyoD and myogenin) after treatment of cisplatin and docetaxel were prevented by Liz-H. Cisplatin and docetaxel treatment resulted in reducing comparative abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroides, but Liz-H treatment restored these to normal levels. This study indicates that Liz-H is a good chemoprotective reagent for cisplatin + docetaxel-induced cachexia. IMPORTANCE Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome driven by metabolic dysregulation, anorexia, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Approximately 80% of patients with advanced cancer have cachexia, and cachexia is the cause of death in 30% of cancer patients. Nutritional supplementation has not been shown to reverse cachexia progression. Thus, developing strategies to prevent and/or reverse cachexia is urgent. Polysaccharide is a major biologically active compound in the fungus Ganoderma lucidum. This study is the first to report that G. lucidum polysaccharides could alleviate chemotherapy-induced cachexia via reducing expression of genes that are known to drive muscle wasting, such as MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1. These results suggest that Liz-H is an effective treatment for cisplatin + docetaxel-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yu Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lin Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Effect of PhenylEthanol Glycosides from Cistanche Tubulosa on Autophagy and Apoptosis in H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3993445. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3993445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An effectual remedy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and knowledge of the mechanism are urgently needed. Researchers have found that CPhGs, an extract from Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight, had better antitumor effects, but its mechanism is still unknown. In the present study, using an H22 tumor-bearing mouse as a model, we investigated the antitumor effects of CPhGs and the effect of CPhGs on autophagy and apoptosis. Besides, we also discussed the role of autophagy with the help of HCQ and rapamycin. Our results show that CPhGs inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis and autophagy of tumor tissue. TUNEL staining displayed that tumor apoptosis rate increased after the intervention of CPhGs, and immunohistochemistry and western blot showed that cleaved-PARP and cleaved-caspase 3 were upregulated after the intervention of CPhGs, and these results were most pronounced in the high-dose group. Autophagy results revealed that CPhGs increased the number of autophagosomes, increased the level of LC3B-II, and decreased the level of p62. Finally, our results showed that excessive autophagy suppresses tumor growth, whereas inhibition of autophagy does the opposite, which indicated that CPhGs induced autophagic death in H22 hepatoma-bearing mice. These data altogether confirmed the involvement of apoptosis and autophagy in CPhGs treatment for HCC.
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Wu PJ, Hsin IL, Hung WL, Lee MS, Wang PH, Ko JL. Combination treatment with cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide induce synergistic cell death via non-apoptotic pathway in uterine cervical cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110177. [PMID: 36100036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive drug with anti-cancer effect. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), a well-known cancer-inhibiting drug, induced cytotoxicity via apoptosis and autophagy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of combinational treatment with cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide on cell viability inhibition in cervical cancer cells. Using MTT assay and combination index, combinational treatment with cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide induced a synergistic cytotoxic effect in Caski and SiHa cells. Cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide triggered cell death via non-apoptotic pathway by using annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay. Cyclosporin A and arsenic trioxide combined treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This co-treatment increased LC3B-II expression and autophagosome formation in cervical cancer cells. This study first demonstrated that combinational treatment with cyclosporin A and As2O3 trigger synergistic cytotoxic effect via autophagy in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Neurosurgery Department, Everan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lin J, Chen H, Bai Y, Li S, Liang G, Fan T, Gao N, Wu X, Li H, Chen G, Gao Y, Fan J. Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins: mushrooming functional FIPs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2367-2380. [PMID: 35348851 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) is a novel functional protein family with specific immunomodulatory activity identified from several macro-fungi. A variety of biological activities of FIPs have been reported, such as anti-allergy, anti-tumor, mitogenic activity, and immunomodulation. Among all known FIPs, the firstly discovered FIP was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, and most FIP members were from Ganoderma genus. Compared with other FIPs, Ganoderma FIPs possess some advantageous bioactivities, like stronger anti-tumor activity. Therein, gene sequences, protein structural features, biofunctions, and recombinant expression of Ganoderma FIPs were summarized and addressed, focusing on elucidating their anti-tumor activity and molecular mechanisms. Combined with current advances, development potential and application of Ganoderma FIPs were also prospected. KEY POINTS: • More than a dozen of reported FIPs are identified from Ganoderma species. • Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins have superior anti-tumor activity with promising prospects and application. • Current review comprehensively addresses characterization, biofunctions, and anti-tumor mechanisms of Ganoderma FIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China.,Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yudong Bai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shoukun Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gengyuan Liang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianning Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ningyuan Gao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiupeng Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingxu Gao
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jungang Fan
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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10
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Hsin IL, Shen HP, Chang HY, Ko JL, Wang PH. Suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/c-Myc/mtp53 Positive Feedback Loop Induces Cell Cycle Arrest by Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor PQR309 in Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112916. [PMID: 34831139 PMCID: PMC8616154 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene mutations in PIK3CA, PIK3R1, KRAS, PTEN, and PPP2R1A commonly detected in type I endometrial cancer lead to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation. Bimiralisib (PQR309), an orally bioavailable selective dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR, has been studied in preclinical models and clinical trials. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticancer effect of PQR309 on endometrial cancer cells. PQR309 decreased cell viability in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture models. PQR309 induced G1 cell cycle arrest and little cell death in endometrial cancer cell lines. It decreased CDK6 expression and increased p27 expression. Using the Proteome Profiler Human XL Oncology Array and Western blot assay, the dual inhibitor could inhibit the expressions of c-Myc and mtp53. KJ-Pyr-9, a c-Myc inhibitor, was used to prove the role of c-Myc in endometrial cancer survival and regulating the expression of mtp53. Knockdown of mtp53 lowered cell proliferation, Akt/mTOR pathway activity, and the expressions of c-Myc. mtp53 silence enhanced PQR309-inhibited cell viability, spheroid formation, and the expressions of p-Akt, c-Myc, and CDK6. This is the first study to reveal the novel finding of the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor in lowering cell viability by abolishing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/c-Myc/mtp53 positive feedback loop in endometrial cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (I.-L.H.); (H.-P.S.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-L.K.)
| | - Huang-Pin Shen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (I.-L.H.); (H.-P.S.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-L.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (I.-L.H.); (H.-P.S.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-L.K.)
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (I.-L.H.); (H.-P.S.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-L.K.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (I.-L.H.); (H.-P.S.); (H.-Y.C.); (J.-L.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 886-4-24739595 (ext. 21721)
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11
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Li A, Huang HT, Huang HC, Juan HF. LncTx: A network-based method to repurpose drugs acting on the survival-related lncRNAs in lung cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3990-4002. [PMID: 34377365 PMCID: PMC8319574 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that an increased amount of survival-related lncRNAs have been found in cancer, few drugs that target lncRNAs are approved for treatment. Here, we developed a network-based algorithm, LncTx, to repurpose the medications that potentially act on survival-related lncRNAs in lung cancer. We used eight survival-related lncRNAs derived from our previous study to test the efficacy of this method. LncTx calculates the shortest path length (proximity) between the drug targets and the lncRNA-correlated proteins in the protein-protein interaction network (interactome). LncTx contains seven different proximity measures, which are calculated in the unweighted or weighted interactome. First, to test the performance of LncTx in predicting correct indication of drugs, we benchmarked the proximity measures based on the accuracy of differentiating anticancer drugs from non-anticancer drugs. The closest proximity weighted by clustering coefficient (closestCC) has the best performance (AUC around 0.8) compared to other proximity measures across all survival-related lncRNAs. The majority of the other six proximity measures have decent performance as well, with AUC greater than 0.7. Second, to evaluate whether LncTx can repurpose the drugs effectively acting on the lncRNAs, we clustered the drugs according to their proximities by hierarchical clustering. The drugs with smaller proximity (proximal drugs) were proved to be more effective than the drugs with larger proximity (distal drugs). In conclusion, LncTx enables us to accurately identify anticancer drugs and can potentially be an index to repurpose effective agents acting on survival-related lncRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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