1
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Van Gulick L, Saby C, Mayer C, Fossier E, Jaisson S, Okwieka A, Gillery P, Chenais B, Mimouni V, Morjani H, Beljebbar A. Biochemical and morpho-mechanical properties, and structural organization of rat tail tendon collagen in diet-induced obesity model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127936. [PMID: 37939767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the impact of obesity on the structural organization, morpho-mechanical properties of collagen fibers from rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTFs). Polarized Raman microspectroscopy showed that the collagen bands 855, 875, 938, and 960 cm-1 as well as those 1631 and 1660 cm-1 were affected by diet. Mechanical properties exhibited an increase in the yield strength from control (CTRL) to high fat (HF) diet (9.60 ± 1.71 and 13.09 ± 1.81 MPa) (p < 0.01) and ultimate tensile strength (13.12 ± 2.37 and 18.32 ± 2.83 MPa) (p < 0.05) with no significant change in the Young's Modulus. During mechanical, the band at 875 cm-1 exhibited the most relevant frequency shift (2 cm-1). The intensity of those at 855, 875, and 938 cm-1 in HF collagen displayed a comparable response to mechanical stress as compared to CTRL collagen with no significant diet-related changes in the Full Width at Half Maximum. Second harmonic generation technique revealed i) similar fiber straightness (0.963 ± 0.004 and 0.965 ± 0.003) and ii) significant changes in fibers diameter (1.48 ± 0.07 and 1.52 ± 0.08 μm) (p < 0.05) and length (22.06 ± 2.38 and 29.00 ± 3.76 μm) (p < 0.001) between CTRL and HF diet, respectively. The quantification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) revealed an increase in both carboxymethyl-lysine and total fluorescence AGEs from CTRL to HF RTTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Van Gulick
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Charles Saby
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Claire Mayer
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, 53020 Laval, France
| | - Emilie Fossier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Anaïs Okwieka
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, MEDyC CNRS UMR 7369, UFR de Médecine, 51097 Reims, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Benoît Chenais
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, 53020 Laval, France
| | - Hamid Morjani
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France
| | - Abdelilah Beljebbar
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51096 Reims, France.
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2
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Phadwal K, Tan X, Koo E, Zhu D, MacRae VE. Metformin ameliorates valve interstitial cell calcification by promoting autophagic flux. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21435. [PMID: 38052777 PMCID: PMC10698150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart disease of the developed world. It has previously been established that metformin administration reduces arterial calcification via autophagy; however, whether metformin directly regulates CAVD has yet to be elucidated. In the present study we investigated whether metformin alleviates valvular calcification through the autophagy-mediated recycling of Runx2. Calcification was reduced in rat valve interstitial cells (RVICs) by metformin treatment (0.5-1.5 mM) (P < 0.01), with a marked decrease in Runx2 protein expression compared to control cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, upregulated expression of Atg3 and Atg7 (key proteins required for autophagosome formation), was observed following metformin treatment (1 mM). Blocking autophagic flux using Bafilomycin-A1 revealed colocalisation of Runx2 with LC3 puncta in metformin treated RVICs (P < 0.001). Comparable Runx2 accumulation was seen in LC3 positive autolysosomes present within cells that had been treated with both metformin and hydroxychloroquine in combination (P < 0.001). Mechanistic studies employing three-way co-immunoprecipitation with Runx2, p62 and LC3 suggested that Runx2 binds to LC3-II upon metformin treatment in VICs. Together these studies suggest that the utilisation of metformin may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Phadwal
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - X Tan
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - E Koo
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - D Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - V E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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3
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Ohnishi T, Tran V, Sao K, Ramteke P, Querido W, Barve RA, van de Wetering K, Risbud MV. Loss of function mutation in Ank causes aberrant mineralization and acquisition of osteoblast-like-phenotype by the cells of the intervertebral disc. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:447. [PMID: 37468461 PMCID: PMC10356955 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Pathological mineralization of intervertebral disc is debilitating and painful and linked to disc degeneration in a subset of human patients. An adenosine triphosphate efflux transporter, progressive ankylosis (ANK) is a regulator of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate levels and plays an important role in tissue mineralization. However, the function of ANK in intervertebral disc has not been fully explored. Herein we analyzed the spinal phenotype of Ank mutant mice (ank/ank) with attenuated ANK function. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis showed that loss of ANK function results in the aberrant annulus fibrosus mineralization and peripheral disc fusions with cranial to caudal progression in the spine. Vertebrae in ank mice exhibit elevated cortical bone mass and increased tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase-positive endplate chondrocytes with decreased subchondral endplate porosity. The acellular dystrophic mineral inclusions in the annulus fibrosus were localized adjacent to apoptotic cells and cells that acquired osteoblast-like phenotype. Fourier transform infrared spectral imaging showed that the apatite mineral in the outer annulus fibrosus had similar chemical composition to that of vertebral bone. Transcriptomic analysis of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues showed changes in several biological themes with a prominent dysregulation of BMAL1/CLOCK circadian regulation. The present study provides new insights into the role of ANK in the disc tissue compartments and highlights the importance of local inorganic pyrophosphate metabolism in inhibiting the mineralization of this important connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Victoria Tran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kimheak Sao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Pranay Ramteke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Genome Technology Access Centre at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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4
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Phadwal K, Koo E, Jones RA, Forsythe RO, Tang K, Tang Q, Corcoran BM, Caporali A, MacRae VE. Metformin protects against vascular calcification through the selective degradation of Runx2 by the p62 autophagy receptor. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4303-4316. [PMID: 36166694 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is associated with aging, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis, and increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is an active, highly regulated process that resembles physiological bone formation. It has previously been established that pharmacological doses of metformin alleviate arterial calcification through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activated autophagy, however the specific pathway remains elusive. In the present study we hypothesized that metformin protects against arterial calcification through the direct autophagic degradation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Calcification was blunted in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by metformin in a dose-dependent manner (0.5-1.5 mM) compared to control cells (p < 0.01). VSMCs cultured under high-phosphate (Pi) conditions in the presence of metformin (1 mM) showed a significant increase in LC3 puncta following bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A; 5 nM) treatment compared to control cells (p < 0.001). Furthermore, reduced expression of Runx2 was observed in the nuclei of metformin-treated calcifying VSMCs (p < 0.0001). Evaluation of the functional role of autophagy through Atg3 knockdown in VSMCs showed aggravated Pi-induced calcification (p < 0.0001), failure to induce autophagy (punctate LC3) (p < 0.001) and increased nuclear Runx2 expression (p < 0.0001) in VSMCs cultured under high Pi conditions in the presence of metformin (1 mM). Mechanistic studies employing three-way coimmunoprecipitation with Runx2, p62, and LC3 revealed that p62 binds to both LC3 and Runx2 upon metformin treatment in VSMCs. Furthermore, immunoblotting with LC3 revealed that Runx2 specifically binds with p62 and LC3-II in metformin-treated calcified VSMCs. Lastly, we investigated the importance of the autophagy pathway in vascular calcification in a clinical setting. Ex vivo clinical analyses of calcified diabetic lower limb artery tissues highlighted a negative association between Runx2 and LC3 in the vascular calcification process. These studies suggest that exploitation of metformin and its analogues may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical intervention through the induction of AMPK/Autophagy Related 3 (Atg3)-dependent autophagy and the subsequent p62-mediated autophagic degradation of Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Phadwal
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eve Koo
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross A Jones
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachael O Forsythe
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keyi Tang
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Qiyu Tang
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brendan M Corcoran
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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5
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Yang K, Li J, Tao L. Purine metabolism in the development of osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ralph D, Levine MA, Richard G, Morrow M, Flynn E, Uitto J, Li Q. Mutation update: Variants of the ENPP1 gene in pathologic calcification, hypophosphatemic rickets, and cutaneous hypopigmentation with punctate keratoderma. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1183-1200. [PMID: 35475527 PMCID: PMC9357117 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ENPP1 encodes ENPP1, an ectonucleotidase catalyzing hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), and an endogenous plasma protein physiologically preventing ectopic calcification of connective tissues. Mutations in ENPP1 have been reported in association with a range of human genetic diseases. In this mutation update, we provide a comprehensive review of all the pathogenic variants, likely pathogenic variants, and variants of unknown significance in ENPP1 associated with three autosomal recessive disorders-generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2 (ARHR2), and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), as well as with a predominantly autosomal dominant disorder-Cole disease. The classification of all variants is determined using the latest ACMG guidelines. A total of 140 ENPP1 variants were curated consisting of 133 previously reported variants and seven novel variants, with missense variants being the most prevalent (70.0%, 98/140). While the pathogenic variants are widely distributed in the ENPP1 gene of patientsgen without apparent genotype-phenotype correlation, eight out of nine variants associated with Cole disease are confined to the somatomedin-B-like (SMB) domains critical for homo-dimerization of the ENPP1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ralph
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael A. Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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7
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Carozza JA, Cordova AF, Brown JA, AlSaif Y, Böhnert V, Cao X, Mardjuki RE, Skariah G, Fernandez D, Li L. ENPP1's regulation of extracellular cGAMP is a ubiquitous mechanism of attenuating STING signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119189119. [PMID: 35588451 PMCID: PMC9173814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119189119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metazoan innate immune second messenger 2′3′-cGAMP is present both inside and outside cells. However, only extracellular cGAMP can be negatively regulated by the extracellular hydrolase ENPP1. Here, we determine whether ENPP1’s regulation of extracellular cGAMP is a ubiquitous mechanism of attenuating stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling. We identified ENPP1H362A, a point mutation that cannot degrade the 2′-5′ linkage in cGAMP while maintaining otherwise normal function. The selectivity of this histidine is conserved down to bacterial nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP), allowing structural analysis and suggesting an unexplored ancient history of 2′-5′ cyclic dinucleotides. Enpp1H362A mice demonstrated that extracellular cGAMP is not responsible for the devastating phenotype in ENPP1-null humans and mice but is responsible for antiviral immunity and systemic inflammation. Our data define extracellular cGAMP as a pivotal STING activator, identify an evolutionarily critical role for ENPP1 in regulating inflammation, and suggest a therapeutic strategy for viral and inflammatory conditions by manipulating ENPP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A. Carozza
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
| | - Anthony F. Cordova
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
| | - Jenifer A. Brown
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Department of Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
| | - Yasmeen AlSaif
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
| | - Volker Böhnert
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
| | - Xujun Cao
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
| | - Rachel E. Mardjuki
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
| | - Gemini Skariah
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
| | - Daniel Fernandez
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Macromolecular Structural Knowledge Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
| | - Lingyin Li
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94301
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8
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He H, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Yang Y, Chen J. Folic Acid Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Osteoporosis Through the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:791880. [PMID: 35047504 PMCID: PMC8762056 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.791880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) will expand adipose tissue and cause chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, leading to osteoporosis. Folic acid (FA) is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in regulating blood lipids and antioxidants. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of FA in osteoporosis induced by an HFD remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FA on bone health by using HFD-induced osteoporosis mice. Materials and Methods: Mice were fed a normal diet, HFD or an HFD supplemented with FA (20 μg/ml in drinking water) for 16 weeks. Throughout the 16 weeks study period, the rats were weighed once every week. GTT, ITT and lipid indexes were detected to evaluate the effects of FA on lipid metabolism in the HFD-fed mice. Morphological and structural changes of the femur and tibial bone were observed using micro-CT, HE staining and bone conversion parameters. The expression of MDA, SOD and inflammatory factors were detected to evaluate the effects of FA on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the HFD-fed mice. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot (WB) were used to investigate the AMPK signaling pathway. Results: After the intervention of FA, the body fat rate of obese mice was reduced, and related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammation were alleviated. In correlation with those modifications, FA attenuated bone loss and improved bone microarchitecture, accompanied the number of osteoclasts and adipocytes decreased. Furthermore, FA promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK, thereby promoting the expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: These findings suggest that FA may modulate lipid metabolism and oxidative stress responses activating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby alleviating HFD-induced osteoporosis. The results from our study provide experimental evidence to prevent HFD-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting He
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhen Yang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Li S, Yokota T, Wang P, ten Hoeve J, Ma F, Le TM, Abt ER, Zhou Y, Wu R, Nanthavongdouangsy M, Rodriguez A, Wang Y, Lin YJ, Muranaka H, Sharpley M, Braddock DT, MacRae VE, Banerjee U, Chiou PY, Seldin M, Huang D, Teitell M, Gertsman I, Jung M, Bensinger SJ, Damoiseaux R, Faull K, Pellegrini M, Lusis AJ, Graeber TG, Radu CG, Deb A. Cardiomyocytes disrupt pyrimidine biosynthesis in nonmyocytes to regulate heart repair. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:149711. [PMID: 34813507 PMCID: PMC8759793 DOI: 10.1172/jci149711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various populations of cells are recruited to the heart after cardiac injury, but little is known about whether cardiomyocytes directly regulate heart repair. Using a murine model of ischemic cardiac injury, we demonstrate that cardiomyocytes play a pivotal role in heart repair by regulating nucleotide metabolism and fates of nonmyocytes. Cardiac injury induced the expression of the ectonucleotidase ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which hydrolyzes extracellular ATP to form AMP. In response to AMP, cardiomyocytes released adenine and specific ribonucleosides that disrupted pyrimidine biosynthesis at the orotidine monophosphate (OMP) synthesis step and induced genotoxic stress and p53-mediated cell death of cycling nonmyocytes. As nonmyocytes are critical for heart repair, we showed that rescue of pyrimidine biosynthesis by administration of uridine or by genetic targeting of the ENPP1/AMP pathway enhanced repair after cardiac injury. We identified ENPP1 inhibitors using small molecule screening and showed that systemic administration of an ENPP1 inhibitor after heart injury rescued pyrimidine biosynthesis in nonmyocyte cells and augmented cardiac repair and postinfarct heart function. These observations demonstrate that the cardiac muscle cell regulates pyrimidine metabolism in nonmuscle cells by releasing adenine and specific nucleosides after heart injury and provide insight into how intercellular regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis can be targeted and monitored for augmenting tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,California Nanosystems Institute, and
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,California Nanosystems Institute, and
| | - Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,California Nanosystems Institute, and
| | - Johanna ten Hoeve
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging, California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Thuc M. Le
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging, California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Evan R. Abt
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging, California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,California Nanosystems Institute, and
| | - Rimao Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,California Nanosystems Institute, and
| | - Maxine Nanthavongdouangsy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,California Nanosystems Institute, and
| | - Abraham Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,California Nanosystems Institute, and
| | - Yijie Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,California Nanosystems Institute, and
| | - Yen-Ju Lin
- California Nanosystems Institute, and,Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and
| | - Hayato Muranaka
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark Sharpley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute
| | | | - Vicky E. MacRae
- Division of Functional Genetics and Development, The Roslin Institute and R(D)VS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- California Nanosystems Institute, and,Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and
| | - Marcus Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dian Huang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,California Nanosystems Institute, and,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and,Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Teitell
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,California Nanosystems Institute, and,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and,Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Michael Jung
- Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven J. Bensinger
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- California Nanosystems Institute, and,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kym Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas G. Graeber
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging, California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Caius G. Radu
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging, California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and,UCLA Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences,,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research,,Molecular Biology Institute,,California Nanosystems Institute, and
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10
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Assefa F, Kim JA, Lim J, Nam SH, Shin HI, Park EK. The Neuropeptide Spexin Promotes the Osteoblast Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells via the MEK/ERK Pathway and Bone Regeneration in a Mouse Calvarial Defect Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 19:189-202. [PMID: 34951679 PMCID: PMC8782952 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural regulation of bone regeneration has emerged recently. Spexin (SPX) is a novel neuropeptide and regulates multiple biological functions. However, the effects of SPX on osteogenic differentiation need to be further investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of SPX on osteogenic differentiation, possible underlying mechanisms, and bone regeneration. METHODS In this study, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with various concentrations of SPX. Cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation marker expressions, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), ALP staining, and alizarin red S staining, respectively. To determine the underlying molecular mechanism of SPX, the phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules were examined via western blot analysis. Moreover, in vivo bone regeneration by SPX (0.5 and 1 µg/µl) was evaluated in a calvarial defect model. New bone formation was analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. RESULTS The results indicated that cell proliferation was not affected by SPX. However, SPX significantly increased ALP activity, mineralization, and the expression of genes for osteogenic differentiation markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alp, collagen alpha-1(I) chain (Col1a1), osteocalcin (Oc), and bone sialoprotein (Bsp). In contrast, SPX downregulated the expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1). Moreover, SPX upregulated phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). In vivo studies, micro-CT and histologic analysis revealed that SPX markedly increased a new bone formation. CONCLUSION Overall, these results demonstrated that SPX stimulated osteogenic differentiation in vitro and increased in vivo bone regeneration via the MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freshet Assefa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Ju Ang Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Nam
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41940, Korea.
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11
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Woodward HJ, Zhu D, Hadoke PWF, MacRae VE. Regulatory Role of Sex Hormones in Cardiovascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4620. [PMID: 33924852 PMCID: PMC8125640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular calcification, whilst estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, is considered cardioprotective. Current understanding of sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular calcification is still very limited. This review assesses the evidence that the actions of sex hormones influence the development of cardiovascular calcification. We address the current question of whether sex hormones could play a role in the sexual dimorphism seen in cardiovascular calcification, by discussing potential mechanisms of actions of sex hormones and evidence in pre-clinical research. More advanced investigations and understanding of sex hormones in calcification could provide a better translational outcome for those suffering with cardiovascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J. Woodward
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Patrick W. F. Hadoke
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Victoria E. MacRae
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
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12
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Chen X, Yang K, Jin X, Meng Z, Liu B, Yu H, Lu P, Wang K, Fan Z, Tang Z, Zhang F, Liu C. Bone Autophagy: A Potential Way of Exercise-Mediated Meg3/P62/Runx2 Pathway to Regulate Bone Formation in T2DM Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2753-2764. [PMID: 34168475 PMCID: PMC8216663 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s299744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meg3 has been shown to attenuate T2DM bone autophagy by activating p62 to inhibit bone formation. However, whether exercise can reverse this process to promote T2DM bone formation and its mechanism remains unknown. METHODS A T2DM mouse model was established by a high-fat diet and STZ injection, and the mice were trained with 8-week HIIT and downhill running exercise. Micro-CT was used to scan the bone microstructure. Bone morphology was observed by HE staining, and the osteoblast (OB) activity in bones was observed by AKP staining. Calcium ion and phosphorus concentration in serum was detected by ELISA; RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA level, and Western blot was used to detect the protein level of related indexes in Meg3/p62/Runx2 pathway. RESULTS The inhibition of bone autophagy, in the bones of T2DM mice, resulted in the degradation of the bone tissue morphology and structure, with the increase of the expressions of Meg3, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, p62 and NF-κB. However, 8-week HIIT and downhill running could reverse this process, especially downhill running, manifested with the up-regulation of miR-16 mRNA level, along with Beclin-1, LC3 II and Runx2 mRNA and protein level. CONCLUSION T2DM leads to pathology in model mice. Eight-week HIIT and downhill running exercise can inhibit Meg3, activate autophagy of osteoblasts and promote bone formation in T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Yang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Jin
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xing Jin; Zhaoxiang Meng Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Zhaoxiang Meng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Zhaoxiang Meng Email
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Lu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kui Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangling Fan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziang Tang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengye Liu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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