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Zheng Y, Feng J, Yu Y, Ling M, Wang X. Advances in sarcopenia: mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and intervention strategies. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:301-324. [PMID: 38592582 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a multifactorial condition characterized by loss of muscle mass. It poses significant health risks in older adults worldwide. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are reported to address this disease. Certain dietary patterns, such as adequate energy intake and essential amino acids, have shown positive outcomes in preserving muscle function. Various medications, including myostatin inhibitors, growth hormones, and activin type II receptor inhibitors, have been evaluated for their effectiveness in managing sarcopenia. However, it is important to consider the variable efficacy and potential side effects associated with these treatments. There are currently no drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for sarcopenia. The ongoing research aims to develop more effective strategies in the future. Our review of research on disease mechanisms and drug development will be a valuable contribution to future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youle Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Feng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Min Ling
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Nakajima T, Fukuda T, Shibasaki I, Obi S, Sakuma M, Abe S, Fukuda H, Toyoda S, Nakajima T. Pathophysiological roles of the serum acylcarnitine level and acylcarnitine/free carnitine ratio in patients with cardiovascular diseases. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 51:101386. [PMID: 38515869 PMCID: PMC10955663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction L-carnitine exerts protective effects, such as maintaining mitochondrial functions and decreasing reactive oxygen species, while acylcarnitine (AC) is linked to the development of heart failure and atherosclerosis. Hypothesis Serum carnitines play important pathophysiological roles in cardiovascular diseases. Methods Pre-operative biochemical data were obtained from 117 patients (71 men, average age 69.9 years) who underwent surgery for cardiovascular diseases. Measurements included pre-operative biochemical data including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), physical functions, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, anterior thigh muscle thickness (MTh) measured by ultrasound, and routine echocardiography. Carnitine components were measured with the enzyme cycling method. Muscle wasting was diagnosed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Results Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was correlated with serum free carnitine (FC) and AC level, and the acylcarnitine/free carnitine ratio (AC/FC). AC/FC was elevated with stage of chronic kidney disease. In multivariate analysis, log (eGFR) and log (BNP) were extracted as independent factors to define log (serum AC) (eGFR: β = 0.258, p = 0.008; BNP: β = 0.273, p = 0.011), even if corrected for age, sex and body mass index. AC/FC was negatively correlated with hand-grip strength (r = -0.387, p = 0.006), SMI (r = -0.314, p = 0.012), and anterior thigh MTh (r = -0.340, p = 0.014) in men. Conclusions A significant association between serum AC level and AC/FC, and chronic kidney disease and heart failure exists in patients with cardiovascular diseases who have undergone cardiovascular surgery. Skeletal muscle loss and muscle wasting are also linked to the elevation of serum AC level and AC/FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taira Fukuda
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shibasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Syotaro Obi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shichiro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
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Patel I, Winer A. Assessing Frailty in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Two Diseases in One? Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:90-102. [PMID: 38180691 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSEOF REVIEW This review examines the challenges of treating gastrointestinal cancer in the aging population, focusing on the importance of frailty assessment. Emphasized are the rise in gastrointestinal cancer incidence in older adults, advances in frailty assessments for patients with gastrointestinal cancer, the development of novel frailty markers, and a summary of recent trials. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing evidence suggests that the use of a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to identify frail older adults and individualize cancer care leads to lower toxicity and improved quality of life outcomes. However, the adoption of a full CGA prior to chemotherapy initiation in older cancer patients remains low. Recently, new frailty screening tools have emerged, including assessments designed to specifically predict chemotherapy-related adverse events. Additionally, frailty biomarkers have been developed, such as blood tests like IL-6 and performance tracking through physical activity monitors. The relevance of nutrition and muscle mass is discussed. Highlights from recent trials suggest the feasibility of successfully identifying patients most at risk of serious adverse events. There have been promising developments in identifying novel frailty markers and methods to screen for frailty in the older adult population. Further prospective trials that focus on and address the needs of the geriatric population for early identification of frailty in cancer care, facilitating a more tailored treatment approach. Practicing oncologists should select a frailty assessment to implement into their routine practice and adjust treatment accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Patel
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute, 8081 Innovation Park Drive, Falls Church, Falls Church, VA, 22031, USA.
| | - Arthur Winer
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute, 8081 Innovation Park Drive, Falls Church, Falls Church, VA, 22031, USA
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Gellhaus B, Böker KO, Schilling AF, Saul D. Therapeutic Consequences of Targeting the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO3 Axis in Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:2787. [PMID: 38132107 PMCID: PMC10741475 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of sarcopenia in an aging population has an underestimated impact on quality of life by increasing the risk of falls and subsequent hospitalization. Unfortunately, the application of the major established key therapeutic-physical activity-is challenging in the immobile and injured sarcopenic patient. Consequently, novel therapeutic directions are needed. The transcription factor Forkhead-Box-Protein O3 (FOXO3) may be an option, as it and its targets have been observed to be more highly expressed in sarcopenic muscle. In such catabolic situations, Foxo3 induces the expression of two muscle specific ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1 and Murf-1) via the PI3K/AKT pathway. In this review, we particularly evaluate the potential of Foxo3-targeted gene therapy. Foxo3 knockdown has been shown to lead to increased muscle cross sectional area, through both the AKT-dependent and -independent pathways and the reduced impact on the two major downstream targets Atrogin-1 and Murf-1. Moreover, a Foxo3 reduction suppresses apoptosis, activates satellite cells, and initiates their differentiation into muscle cells. While this indicates a critical role in muscle regeneration, this mechanism might exhaust the stem cell pool, limiting its clinical applicability. As systemic Foxo3 knockdown has also been associated with risks of inflammation and cancer progression, a muscle-specific approach would be necessary. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on Foxo3 and conceptualize a specific and targeted therapy that may circumvent the drawbacks of systemic Foxo3 knockdown. This approach presumably would limit the side effects and enable an activity-independent positive impact on skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gellhaus
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (B.G.); (K.O.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Kai O. Böker
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (B.G.); (K.O.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (B.G.); (K.O.B.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Dominik Saul
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (B.G.); (K.O.B.); (A.F.S.)
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, BG Trauma Center Tuebingen, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Pergande MR, Osterbauer KJ, Buck KM, Roberts DS, Wood NN, Balasubramanian P, Mann MW, Rossler KJ, Diffee GM, Colman RJ, Anderson RM, Ge Y. Mass Spectrometry-Based Multiomics Identifies Metabolic Signatures of Sarcopenia in Rhesus Monkey Skeletal Muscle. J Proteome Res 2023:10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00474. [PMID: 37991985 PMCID: PMC11109024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive disorder characterized by age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Although significant progress has been made over the years to identify the molecular determinants of sarcopenia, the precise mechanisms underlying the age-related loss of contractile function remains unclear. Advances in "omics" technologies, including mass spectrometry-based proteomic and metabolomic analyses, offer great opportunities to better understand sarcopenia. Herein, we performed mass spectrometry-based analyses of the vastus lateralis from young, middle-aged, and older rhesus monkeys to identify molecular signatures of sarcopenia. In our proteomic analysis, we identified proteins that change with age, including those involved in adenosine triphosphate and adenosine monophosphate metabolism as well as fatty acid beta oxidation. In our untargeted metabolomic analysis, we identified metabolites that changed with age largely related to energy metabolism including fatty acid beta oxidation. Pathway analysis of age-responsive proteins and metabolites revealed changes in muscle structure and contraction as well as lipid, carbohydrate, and purine metabolism. Together, this study discovers new metabolic signatures and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcopenia for the evaluation and monitoring of a therapeutic treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Pergande
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Katie J. Osterbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kevin M. Buck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nina N. Wood
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Morgan W. Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kalina J. Rossler
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Gary M. Diffee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ricki J. Colman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Rozalyn M. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Lo CJ, Lin CM, Fan CM, Tang HY, Liu HF, Ho HY, Cheng ML. Plasma acylcarnitine in elderly Taiwanese: as biomarkers of possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:769. [PMID: 37993772 PMCID: PMC10666394 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined as the disease of muscle loss and dysfunction. The prevalence of sarcopenia is strongly age-dependent. It could bring about disability, hospitalization, and mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify plasma metabolites associated with possible sarcopenia and muscle function to improve disease monitoring and understand the mechanism of muscle strength and function decline. METHODS The participants were a group of healthy older adult who live in retirement homes in Asia (Taiwan) and can manage their daily lives without assistance. The participants were enrolled and divided into four groups: control (Con, n = 57); low physical function (LPF, n = 104); sarcopenia (S, n = 63); and severe sarcopenia (SS, n = 65) according to Asian countries that used Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. The plasma metabolites were used and the results were calculated as the difference between the control and other groups. RESULTS Clinical parameters, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hand grip strength (HGS), gait speed (GS), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly different between the control and LPF groups. Metabolite patterns of LPF, S, and SS were explored in our study. Plasma kynurenine (KYN) and acylcarnitines (C0, C4, C6, and C18:1-OH) were identified with higher concentrations in older Taiwanese adults with possible sarcopenia and S compared to the Con group. After multivariable adjustment, the data indicate that age, BMI, and butyrylcarnitine (C4) are more important factors to identify individuals with low physical function and sarcopenia. CONCLUSION This metabolomic study raises the importance of acylcarnitines on muscle mass and function. It suggests that age, BMI, BUN, KYN, and C4/Cr can be important evaluation markers for LPF (AUC: 0.766), S (AUC: 0.787), and SS (AUC: 0.919).
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Grants
- BMRP819, BMRP564, CMRPD1H0201, CMRPD1H0202, CMRPD1J0341, CMRPD1H0511, CMRPD1J0261, CMRPD1M0341 Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- 111-2320-B-182-011 Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan
- EMRPD1G0251, EMRPD1H0401, EMRPD1I0501, EMRPD1I0461, EMRPD1M0421 Ministry of Education in Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Division of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 105, Taiwan
- Department of Health Management, Chang Gung Health and Culture Village, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Fan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Han-Fang Liu
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yao Ho
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
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Skubisz K, Dąbkowski K, Samborowska E, Starzyńska T, Deskur A, Ambrozkiewicz F, Karczmarski J, Radkiewicz M, Kusnierz K, Kos-Kudła B, Sulikowski T, Cybula P, Paziewska A. Serum Metabolite Biomarkers for Pancreatic Tumors: Neuroendocrine and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas-A Preliminary Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3242. [PMID: 37370852 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is the most common pancreatic solid malignancy with an aggressive clinical course and low survival rate. There are a limited number of reliable prognostic biomarkers and a need to understand the pathogenesis of pancreatic tumors; neuroendocrine (PNET) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) encouraged us to analyze the serum metabolome of pancreatic tumors and disturbances in the metabolism of PDAC and PNET. METHODS Using the AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria) with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we identified changes in metabolite profiles and disrupted metabolic pathways serum of NET and PDAC patients. RESULTS The concentration of six metabolites showed statistically significant differences between the control group and PDAC patients (p.adj < 0.05). Glutamine (Gln), acetylcarnitine (C2), and citrulline (Cit) presented a lower concentration in the serum of PDAC patients, while phosphatidylcholine aa C32:0 (PC aa C32:0), sphingomyelin C26:1 (SM C26:1), and glutamic acid (Glu) achieved higher concentrations compared to serum samples from healthy individuals. Five of the tested metabolites: C2 (FC = 8.67), and serotonin (FC = 2.68) reached higher concentration values in the PNET serum samples compared to PDAC, while phosphatidylcholine aa C34:1 (PC aa C34:1) (FC = -1.46 (0.68)) had a higher concentration in the PDAC samples. The area under the curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves presented diagnostic power to discriminate pancreatic tumor patients, which were highest for acylcarnitines: C2 with AUC = 0.93, serotonin with AUC = 0.85, and PC aa C34:1 with AUC = 0.86. CONCLUSIONS The observations presented provide better insight into the metabolism of pancreatic tumors, and improve the diagnosis and classification of tumors. Serum-circulating metabolites can be easily monitored without invasive procedures and show the present clinical patients' condition, helping with pharmacological treatment or dietary strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skubisz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Pediatric Hospital of Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dąbkowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Emilia Samborowska
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Starzyńska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Deskur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Filip Ambrozkiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Genomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1665/76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Karczmarski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Radkiewicz
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kusnierz
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumours, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sulikowski
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Gastroenterological Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Cybula
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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Du Z, Sun H, Zhao R, Deng G, Pan H, Zuo Y, Huang R, Xue Y, Song H. Combined with prognostic nutritional index and IgM for predicting the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients who received surgery. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1113428. [PMID: 37361569 PMCID: PMC10289403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Although the survival rate of patients who undergo surgery for gastric cancer has greatly improved, still many patients have a poor prognosis. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the predictive ability of the PNI-IgM score, a combined prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and immunoglobulin M (IgM), on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. Methods 340 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected. The PNI-IgM score ranged from 1 to 3: score of 1, low PNI (< 48.45) and low IgM (< 0.87); score of 2, low PNI and high IgM, or high PNI and low IgM; score of 3, high PNI and high IgM. We compared the differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among the three groups, while univariate and multivariate analyses calculated prognostic factors for DFS and OS. In addition, the nomograms were constructed based on the results of multivariate analysis to estimate the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival probability. Results There were 67 cases in the PNI-IgM score 1 group, 160 cases in the PNI-IgM score 2 group, and 113 cases in the PNI-IgM score 3 group. The median survival times of DFS in the PNI-IgM score group 1, the PNI-IgM score group 2, and the PNI-IgM score group 3 were 62.20 months, not reached, and not reached, and 67.57 months vs. not reached vs. not reached in three groups for OS. Patients in the PNI-IgM score group 1 had a lower DFS than the PNI-IgM score group 2 (HR = 0.648, 95% CI: 0.418-1.006, P = 0.053) and the PNI-IgM score group 3 (HR = 0.337, 95% CI: 0.194-0.585, P < 0.001). In stratified analysis, PNI-IgM score 1 had a worse prognosis in the age < 60 years group and CA724 < 2.11 U/m group. Conclusion PNI-IgM score is a novel combination of nutritional and immunological markers that can be used as a sensitive biological marker for patients with gastric cancer who undergo surgery. The lower the PNI-IgM score, the worse the prognosis.
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Polachini GM, de Castro TB, Smarra LFS, Henrique T, de Paula CHD, Severino P, López RVM, Carvalho AL, de Mattos Zeri AC, Silva IDCG, Tajara EH. Plasma metabolomics of oral squamous cell carcinomas based on NMR and MS approaches provides biomarker identification and survival prediction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8588. [PMID: 37237049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has proven to be an important omics approach to understand the molecular pathways underlying the tumour phenotype and to identify new clinically useful markers. The literature on cancer has illustrated the potential of this approach as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. The present study aimed to analyse the plasma metabolic profile of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls and to compare patients with metastatic and primary tumours at different stages and subsites using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, this is the only report that compared patients at different stages and subsites and replicates collected in diverse institutions at different times using these methodologies. Our results showed a plasma metabolic OSCC profile suggestive of abnormal ketogenesis, lipogenesis and energy metabolism, which is already present in early phases but is more evident in advanced stages of the disease. Reduced levels of several metabolites were also associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The observed metabolomic alterations may contribute to inflammation, immune response inhibition and tumour growth, and may be explained by four nonexclusive views-differential synthesis, uptake, release, and degradation of metabolites. The interpretation that assimilates these views is the cross talk between neoplastic and normal cells in the tumour microenvironment or in more distant anatomical sites, connected by biofluids, signalling molecules and vesicles. Additional population samples to evaluate the details of these molecular processes may lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and novel strategies for OSCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Mussi Polachini
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Tialfi Bergamin de Castro
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Fabiano Soares Smarra
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Henrique
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Diniz de Paula
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severino
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eloiza H Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José Do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15090-000, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Stonāns I, Kuzmina J, Poļaka I, Grīnberga S, Sevostjanovs E, Liepiņš E, Aleksandraviča I, Šantare D, Kiršners A, Škapars R, Pčolkins A, Tolmanis I, Sīviņš A, Leja M, Dambrova M. The Association of Circulating L-Carnitine, γ-Butyrobetaine and Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels with Gastric Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071341. [PMID: 37046558 PMCID: PMC10093028 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the association between gastric cancer (GC) and higher concentrations of the metabolites L-carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) and gut microbiota-mediated trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the circulation. There is evidence suggesting that higher levels of TMAO and its precursors in blood can be indicative of either a higher risk of malignancy or indeed its presence; however, GC has not been studied in this regard until now. Our study included 83 controls without high-risk stomach lesions and 105 GC cases. Blood serum L-carnitine, GBB and TMAO levels were measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS). Although there were no significant differences between female control and GC groups, we found a significant difference in circulating levels of metabolites between the male control group and the male GC group, with median levels of L-carnitine reaching 30.22 (25.78–37.57) nmol/mL vs. 37.38 (32.73–42.61) nmol/mL (p < 0.001), GBB–0.79 (0.73–0.97) nmol/mL vs. 0.97 (0.78–1.16) nmol/mL (p < 0.05) and TMAO–2.49 (2.00–2.97) nmol/mL vs. 3.12 (2.08–5.83) nmol/mL (p < 0.05). Thus, our study demonstrated the association between higher blood levels of L-carnitine, GBB, TMAO and GC in males, but not in females. Furthermore, correlations of any two investigated metabolites were stronger in the GC groups of both genders in comparison to the control groups. Our findings reveal the potential role of L-carnitine, GBB and TMAO in GC and suggest metabolic differences between genders. In addition, the logistic regression analysis revealed that the only significant factor in terms of predicting whether the patient belonged to the control or to the GC group was the blood level of L-carnitine in males only. Hence, carnitine might be important as a biomarker or a risk factor for GC, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmārs Stonāns
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelizaveta Kuzmina
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inese Poļaka
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Solveiga Grīnberga
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepiņš
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Aleksandraviča
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Daiga Šantare
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arnis Kiršners
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
| | - Roberts Škapars
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Pčolkins
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivars Tolmanis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Armands Sīviņš
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mārcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1079 Riga, Latvia
- Riga East University Hospital, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
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11
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Wang Y, Bi X, Zhao H, Li Z, Zhao J, Zhou J, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang C, Cai J, Ren Y. Prognostic significance of the preoperative alkaline phosphatase‑to‑albumin ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:147. [PMID: 36936019 PMCID: PMC10018275 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the preoperative alkaline phosphatase-to-albumin ratio (APAR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent radical hepatectomy. The clinicopathological data from 330 patients was retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves of APAR for diagnostic tumor recurrence were plotted with a cut-off value of 1.74. A high preoperative APAR value was significantly associated with hepatitis B surface antigen level, tumor diameter, and tumor-node-metastasis stage. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with a high preoperative APAR were shorter than those with a low APAR. The independent risk factors for DFS were an APAR ≥1.74, and macrovascular invasion or tumor thrombus. The independent risk factors for OS were an APAR ≥1.74, existing clinical symptoms, α-fetoprotein level ≥20 ng/ml, macrovascular invasion or tumor thrombus, and family history of cancer. In conclusion, a preoperative APAR (≥1.74) is an independent risk factor influencing the poor prognosis of patients with HCC after curative hepatectomy, and patients with such a result should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yefan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chongda Zhang
- New York University Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Yijun Ren, Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China, E-mail:
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12
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Yu Y, Wen X, Lin JG, Liu J, Liang HF, Lin SW, Xu QG, Li JC. Identification of three potential novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke via plasma lipidomics. Metabolomics 2023; 19:32. [PMID: 36997715 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) accounts for the majority of all stroke, globally the second leading cause of death. Due to its rapid development after onset, its early diagnosis is crucial. OBJECTIVES We aim to identify potential highly reliable blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis of AIS using quantitative plasma lipid profiling via a machine learning approach. METHODS Lipidomics was used for quantitative plasma lipid profiling, based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Our samples were divided into a discovery and a validation set, each containing 30 AIS patients and 30 health controls (HC). Differentially expressed lipid metabolites were screened based on the criteria VIP > 1, p < 0.05, and fold change > 1.5 or < 0.67. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest algorithms in machine learning were used to select differential lipid metabolites as potential biomarkers. RESULTS Three key differential lipid metabolites, CarnitineC10:1, CarnitineC10:1-OH and Cer(d18:0/16:0), were identified as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of AIS. The former two, associated with thermogenesis, were down-regulated, whereas the latter, associated with necroptosis and sphingolipd metabolism, was upregulated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions showed that these three lipid metabolites and the resulting diagnostic model exhibited a strong ability in discriminating between AIS patients and HCs in both the discovery and validation sets, with an area under the curve above 0.9. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides valuable information on the pathophysiology of AIS and constitutes an important step toward clinical application of blood-based biomarkers for diagnosing AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Center for Analyses and Measurements, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Wen
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Guang Lin
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Feng Liang
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan-Wen Lin
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu-Gui Xu
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- The Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, 529500, Guangdong, China.
- The Central Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Couderc AL, Liuu E, Boudou-Rouquette P, Poisson J, Frelaut M, Montégut C, Mebarki S, Geiss R, ap Thomas Z, Noret A, Pierro M, Baldini C, Paillaud E, Pamoukdjian F. Pre-Therapeutic Sarcopenia among Cancer Patients: An Up-to-Date Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Predictive Value during Cancer Treatment. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051193. [PMID: 36904192 PMCID: PMC10005339 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study will address the prevalence of pre-therapeutic sarcopenia (PS) and its clinical impact during cancer treatment among adult cancer patients ≥ 18 years of age. A meta-analysis (MA) with random-effect models was performed via a MEDLINE systematic review, according to the PRISMA statement, focusing on articles published before February 2022 that reported observational studies and clinical trials on the prevalence of PS and the following outcomes: overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), post-operative complications (POC), toxicities (TOX), and nosocomial infections (NI). A total of 65,936 patients (mean age: 45.7-85 y) with various cancer sites and extensions and various treatment modes were included. Mainly defined by CT scan-based loss of muscle mass only, the pooled prevalence of PS was 38.0%. The pooled relative risks were 1.97, 1.76, 2.70, 1.47, and 1.76 for OS, PFS, POC, TOX, and NI, respectively (moderate-to-high heterogeneity, I2: 58-85%). Consensus-based algorithm definitions of sarcopenia, integrating low muscle mass and low levels of muscular strength and/or physical performance, lowered the prevalence (22%) and heterogeneity (I2 < 50%). They also increased the predictive values with RRs ranging from 2.31 (OS) to 3.52 (POC). PS among cancer patients is prevalent and strongly associated with poor outcomes during cancer treatment, especially when considering a consensus-based algorithm approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Couderc
- Internal Medicine Geriatrics and Therapeutic Unit, APHM, 13009 Marseille, France
- CNRS, EFS, ADES, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Liuu
- Department of Geriatrics, CHU Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
- CIC1402 INSERM Unit, Poitiers University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette
- Ariane Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75014 Paris, France
- INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Poisson
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
- Faculty of Health, Paris Cité University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Frelaut
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Coline Montégut
- Internal Medicine Geriatrics and Therapeutic Unit, APHM, 13009 Marseille, France
- Coordination Unit for Geriatric Oncology (UCOG), PACA West, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mebarki
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romain Geiss
- Department of Medical Oncology, Curie Institute, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Zoé ap Thomas
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélien Noret
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Monica Pierro
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Capucine Baldini
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Elena Paillaud
- Department of Geriatrics, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
- INSERM, IMRB, Clinical, Epidemiology and Ageing, Université Paris-Est Creteil, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Frédéric Pamoukdjian
- Department of Geriatrics, Avicenne Hospital, APHP, 93000 Bobigny, France
- INSERM UMR_S942 Cardiovascular Markers in Stressed Conditions MASCOT, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Correspondence:
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14
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Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152359. [PMID: 35954203 PMCID: PMC9367570 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is generally an age-related condition that directly impacts the quality of life. It is also related to chronic diseases such as metabolic dysfunction associated with diabetes and obesity. This means that everyone will be vulnerable to sarcopenia at some point in their life. Research to find the precise molecular mechanisms implicated in this condition can increase knowledge for the better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia. Our work gathered the most recent research regarding inflammation in sarcopenia and new therapeutic agents proposed to target its consequences in pyroptosis and cellular senescence. Finally, we compared dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) as imaging techniques to diagnose and follow up on sarcopenia, indicating their respective advantages and disadvantages. Our goal is for the scientific evidence presented here to help guide future research to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in sarcopenia, new treatment strategies, and their translation into clinical practice.
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Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030042. [PMID: 35892736 PMCID: PMC9326750 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that are risk factors for sarcopenia, and which therefore have a prognostic function. Aim: This narrative review aims to define a set of biomarkers associated with nutrition and sarcopenia. These biomarkers could contribute to individualized monitoring and enable preventive and therapeutic methods. Methods: Two electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used. The search strategy was based on a controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and includes studies published up to February 2022. Discussion: Higher levels of serum uric acid are associated with higher handgrip strength and better muscle function in elderly people and, thus, may slow the progression of sarcopenia. Leptin, an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn lead to sarcopenia. This makes leptin a significant indirect biomarker for physical disability and sarcopenic obesity. Additionally, creatinine is a reliable biomarker for muscle mass status because of its easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Vitamin D status acts as a useful biomarker for predicting total mortality, hip fractures, early death, and the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in dietary antioxidants and their effects on age-related losses of muscle mass and function. On the other hand, 3-Methylhistidine is a valuable biomarker for detecting increased muscle catabolism, as it is excreted through urine during muscle degradation. In addition, IGF-1, whose concentration in plasma is stimulated by food intake, is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass, which probably plays a crucial role in the progression of sarcopenia. Conclusions: Many nutritional biomarkers were found to be associated with sarcopenia, and can therefore be used as prognostic indexes and risk factors. Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia, affecting muscle mass, strength, and function in elderly people.
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