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Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Borković-Mitić S, Nestorović N, Ristić N, Trifunović S, Stevanović M, Filipović N, Stojsavljević A, Pavlović S. The Effects of BSA-Stabilized Selenium Nanoparticles and Sodium Selenite Supplementation on the Structure, Oxidative Stress Parameters and Selenium Redox Biology in Rat Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13068. [PMID: 36361856 PMCID: PMC9654536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical element selenium (Se) is a nonmetal that is in trace amounts indispensable for normal cellular functioning. During pregnancy, a low Se status can increase the risk of oxidative stress. However, elevated concentrations of Se in the body can also cause oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare the effects of BSA-stabilized Se nanoparticles (SeNPs, Se0) (BSA-bovine serum albumin) and inorganic sodium selenite (NaSe, Se+4) supplementation on the histological structure of the placenta, oxidative stress parameters and the total placental Se concentration of Wistar rats during pregnancy. Pregnant females were randomized into four groups: (i) intact controls; (ii) controls that were dosed by daily oral gavage with 8.6% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.125 M vit C; (iii) the SeNP group that was administered 0.5 mg of SeNPs stabilized with 8.6% BSA and 0.125 M vit C/kg bw/day by oral gavage dosing; (iv) the NaSe group, gavage dosed with 0.5 mg Na2SeO3/kg bw/day. The treatment of pregnant females started on gestational day one, lasted until day 20, and on day 21 of gestation, the fetuses with the placenta were removed from the uterus. Our findings show that the mode of action of equivalent concentrations of Se in SeNPs and NaSe depended on its redox state and chemical structure. Administration of SeNPs (Se0) increased fetal lethality and induced changes in the antioxidative defense parameters in the placenta. The accumulation of Se in the placenta was highest in SeNP-treated animals. All obtained data indicate an increased bioavailability of Se in its organic nano form and Se0 redox state in comparison to its inorganic sodium selenite form and Se+4 redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Borković-Mitić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nestorović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magdalena Stevanović
- Group for Biomedical Engineering and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA), Kneza Mihaila 35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Group for Biomedical Engineering and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA), Kneza Mihaila 35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Innovative Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađan Pavlović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Thambirajah AA, Wade MG, Verreault J, Buisine N, Alves VA, Langlois VS, Helbing CC. Disruption by stealth - Interference of endocrine disrupting chemicals on hormonal crosstalk with thyroid axis function in humans and other animals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111906. [PMID: 34418447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development, and homeostasis of all vertebrates. There are many environmental contaminants that are known to disrupt TH action, yet their mechanisms are only partially understood. While the effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are mostly studied as "hormone system silos", the present critical review highlights the complexity of EDCs interfering with TH function through their interactions with other hormonal axes involved in reproduction, stress, and energy metabolism. The impact of EDCs on components that are shared between hormone signaling pathways or intersect between pathways can thus extend beyond the molecular ramifications to cellular, physiological, behavioral, and whole-body consequences for exposed organisms. The comparatively more extensive studies conducted in mammalian models provides encouraging support for expanded investigation and highlight the paucity of data generated in other non-mammalian vertebrate classes. As greater genomics-based resources become available across vertebrate classes, better identification and delineation of EDC effects, modes of action, and identification of effective biomarkers suitable for HPT disruption is possible. EDC-derived effects are likely to cascade into a plurality of physiological effects far more complex than the few variables tested within any research studies. The field should move towards understanding a system of hormonal systems' interactions rather than maintaining hormone system silos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Thambirajah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de Recherche en Toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221 Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Verônica A Alves
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Trifunović S, Lakić I, Vujović P, Jevdjović T, Šošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V, Djordjević J. Morphofunctional parameters of rat somatotrophes after acute and repeated immobilization or restraint stress. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:29-34. [PMID: 30342863 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that stress changes levels of pituitary hormones in the bloodstream and in the pituitary itself. However, almost nothing is known about the impact of stress on histological and stereological parameters of the growth hormone producing cells (somatotrophs-GH cells). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of: acute and repeated immobilization; acute and repeated restraint on histological and morphofunctional parameters of somatotrophs in adult Wistar rats. Changes in the pituitary gland volume; the volume density and volume of somatotrophs following acute and repeated immobilization (IMO, R-IMO); acute and repeated restraint (R, R-R) were evaluated using a stereological system (newCAST), while growth hormone level within pituitary was determined by Western blot. Our results demonstrated the decrease (p < 0.05) of the pituitary volume (17%, 19%) in the IMO and R groups, respectively, and the increase in the R-R group. The volume density of GH cells decreased (p < 0.05) in the R-IMO (7%), R (26%) and R-R (18%) group in comparison to the control value. The pituitary GH content was increased (p < 0.05) after the IMO (2-fold), R (2.5-fold) and R-R (2.1-fold) as compared to the control group. These results point out that acute and repeated immobilization and/or restraint lead not only to changes in GH hormone concentration, but also modify the morphological aspects of GH cells within the rat pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Trifunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Iva Lakić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Vujović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djordjević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Nestorović N, Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Jarić I, Ristić N, Filipović B, Šošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V. Soy Phytoestrogens Do Not Fully Reverse Changes in Rat Pituitary Castration Cells: Unbiased Stereological Study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1416-1425. [PMID: 29569839 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the potential of the principal soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, or isoflavone rich soy extract to recover pituitary castration cells in orchidectomized adult male rats in comparison with the effects of estradiol. Two weeks post orchidectomy (Orx), animals received estradiol-dipropionate, genistein, daidzein or soy extract subcutaneously for 3 weeks. Control sham-operated (So) and Orx rats received just the vehicle. Changes in the volumes of pars distalis, of individual follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) containing cells, their volume, numerical density and number were determined by unbiased design-based stereology. The intracellular content of βFSH and βLH was estimated by relative intensity of fluorescence (RIF). Orchidectomy increased all examined stereological parameters and RIF. Compared to Orx, estradiol increased the volume of pars distalis, but reversed RIF and all morphometric parameters of gonadotropes to the level of So rats, except their number. Treatments with purified isoflavones and soy extract decreased RIF to the control So level, expressing an estradiol-like effect. However, the histological appearance and morphometrical features of gonadotropes did not follow this pattern. Genistein increased the volume of pars distalis, decreased the volume density of LH-labeled cells and raised the number of gonadotropes. Daidzein decreased the cell volume of gonadotropic cells but increased their number and numerical density. Soy extract induced an increase in number and numerical density of FSH-containing cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that soy phytoestrogens do not fully reverse the Orx-induced changes in pituitary castration cells. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Nestorović
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunović
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Ivana Jarić
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
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Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Nestorović N, Ristić N, Šošić-Jurjević B, Pendovski L, Milošević V. Histological and morphofunctional parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system are sensitive to daidzein treatment in the adult rat. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:129-135. [PMID: 29338944 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The isoflavone, daidzein is a biologically active, plant-derived compound that interacts with estrogen receptors. Data from previous studies have suggested that daidzein exerts beneficial effects in many diseases; however, as an endocrine disrupter, it may also alter the functioning of the endocrine system. Data regarding the effect of daidzein on the morphofunctional and histological parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system is still lacking. Therefore, using the newCAST stereological software, we investigated the effects of chronic (21 days) daidzein treatment on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons within the hypothalamus and corticotropes (ACTH cells) in the pituitary, while image analysis was employed to-examine the intensity of fluorescence of CRH in the median eminence (ME) and adrenocorticotropin hormone in the pituitary in adult orchidectomized (Ovx) rats. Circulating ACTH and corticosterone levels were also analyzed. This study showed that daidzein treatment decreased the volume density of CRH neurons within the paraventricular nucleus as well as CRH immunofluorescence in the ME. The total number of ACTH cells was decreased, while ACTH cell volume and the intensity of ACTH fluorescence were increased following daidzein treatment. Both ACTH and corticosterone blood levels were increased after daidzein administration. The results of performed experiments clearly demonstrate that volume density of CRH neurons; total number and volume of ACTH cells, as well as stress hormones levels are vulnerable to the effects of daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Trifunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nestorović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazo Pendovski
- Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Skopje, FYR, Macedonia
| | - Verica Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
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Moog NK, Entringer S, Heim C, Wadhwa PD, Kathmann N, Buss C. Influence of maternal thyroid hormones during gestation on fetal brain development. Neuroscience 2017; 342:68-100. [PMID: 26434624 PMCID: PMC4819012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play an obligatory role in many fundamental processes underlying brain development and maturation. The developing embryo/fetus is dependent on maternal supply of TH. The fetal thyroid gland does not commence TH synthesis until mid gestation, and the adverse consequences of severe maternal TH deficiency on offspring neurodevelopment are well established. Recent evidence suggests that even more moderate forms of maternal thyroid dysfunction, particularly during early gestation, may have a long-lasting influence on child cognitive development and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, these observed alterations appear to be largely irreversible after birth. It is, therefore, important to gain a better understanding of the role of maternal thyroid dysfunction on offspring neurodevelopment in terms of the nature, magnitude, time-specificity, and context-specificity of its effects. With respect to the issue of context specificity, it is possible that maternal stress and stress-related biological processes during pregnancy may modulate maternal thyroid function. The possibility of an interaction between the thyroid and stress systems in the context of fetal brain development has, however, not been addressed to date. We begin this review with a brief overview of TH biology during pregnancy and a summary of the literature on its effect on the developing brain. Next, we consider and discuss whether and how processes related to maternal stress and stress biology may interact with and modify the effects of maternal thyroid function on offspring brain development. We synthesize several research areas and identify important knowledge gaps that may warrant further study. The scientific and public health relevance of this review relates to achieving a better understanding of the timing, mechanisms and contexts of thyroid programing of brain development, with implications for early identification of risk, primary prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Moog
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Entringer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany; University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, 333 The City Drive West, Suite 1200, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 505 South Main Street, Suite 525, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - C Heim
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, College of Health and Human Development, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - P D Wadhwa
- University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, 333 The City Drive West, Suite 1200, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 505 South Main Street, Suite 525, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 3117 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, 837 Health Sciences Drive, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 3117 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, 837 Health Sciences Drive, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 3117 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, 837 Health Sciences Drive, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - N Kathmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Buss
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany; University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, 333 The City Drive West, Suite 1200, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 505 South Main Street, Suite 525, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Ristić N, Jurijević BŠ, Balind SR, Brajković G, Perčinić-Popovska F, Milošević V. Effects of prolonged alcohol exposure on somatotrophs and corticotrophs in adult rats: Stereological and hormonal study. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:353-60. [PMID: 27017477 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to alcohol alters many physiological processes, including endocrine status. The present study examined whether prolonged alcohol (A) exposure could modulate selected stereological and hormonal aspects of pituitary somatotrophs (growth hormone-GH cells) and corticotrophs (adrenocorticotropic hormone-ACTH cells) in adult rats. Changes in pituitary gland volume; the volume density, total number and volume of GH and ACTH cells following alcohol exposure were evaluated using a stereological system (newCAST), while peripheral GH and ACTH levels were determined biochemically. Our results demonstrated the reduction (p<0.05) of the volume density (37%) and volume of GH cells (29%) in the group A. Also, there was a tendency for the total number of GH cells to be smaller in the group A. Serum GH level was significantly decreased (p<0.05; 70%) in the group A when compared to control values. Moreover, prolonged alcohol exposure induced declines (p<0.05) in volume density (24%) and volume of ACTH cells (29%). The total number of ACTH cells and ACTH level were higher (p<0.05; 42%) in the group A than in control rats. Collectively, these results indicate that prolonged alcohol exposure leads not only to changes in GH and ACTH hormone levels, but also to alterations of the morphological aspects of GH and ACTH cells within the pituitary.
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8
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Rauš Balind S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Milošević V, Todorović D, Nikolić L, Petković B. Short- and long-term exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells: Stereological study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:461-468. [PMID: 25346405 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine does extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affect pituitary adrenocorticotroph (ACTH) cells in adult animals. We performed two series of experiments: (1) short-term exposure of 3-month-old rats to ELF-MF for 1 and 7 days, and (2) long-term exposure of rats to ELF-MF from their conception to 3 months of age. Stereological study was performed on immunolabeled pituitary ACTH cells. The total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei and pituitary volume were measured. ELF-MF exposure for 1 day significantly decreased total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei, as well as pituitary volume. ELF-MF exposure for 7 days significantly reduced only the volume of ACTH cells. Life-long exposure to ELF-MF induced decrease in the volume of ACTH cells and pituitary volume. We can conclude that the applied ELF-MF has a strong influence on morphometrical parameters of the pituitary ACTH cells and could be considered as a stressogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Rauš Balind
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Verica Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dajana Todorović
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Nikolić
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Petković
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Ristić N, Severs W, Nestorović N, Jarić I, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Trifunović S, Pendovski L, Milosević V. Effects of Prenatal Dexamethasone on the Rat Pituitary Gland and Gonadotropic Cells in Female Offspring. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:148-58. [DOI: 10.1159/000443987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have a strong influence on growth and maturation of fetal organ systems, but overexposure to exogenous glucocorticoids may retard fetal growth and alter developmental processes in sensitive tissues. The aim of this study was to specifically determine whether prenatal exposure to dexamethasone (Dx) altered normal development and function of pituitary gonadotropic cells in neonatal, infant and peripubertal female offspring. On day 16 of pregnancy, rat dams received 1.0 mg Dx/kg body weight (BW) s.c., followed by 0.5 mg Dx/kg BW on days 17 and 18 of gestation. Control gravid females received the same volume of saline. Female offspring were sacrificed on days 5, 16 and 38 after delivery. The volume of the pituitary gland estimated using Cavalieri's principle was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Using a fractionator-physical disector method, we found reduced total numbers of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) cells (p < 0.05), accompanied by a decrease (p < 0.05) in serum concentrations of FSH and LH, while the relative intensity of FSH and LH immunofluorescence remained unchanged in neonatal, infant and peripubertal female offspring prenatally exposed to Dx. The data document that overexposure to Dx during fetal development evokes developmental programming of the female reproductive system at the pituitary cellular level, which may be associated with impaired reproductive function.
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10
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Medigović IM, Živanović JB, Ajdžanović VZ, Nikolić-Kokić AL, Stanković SD, Trifunović SL, Milošević VL, Nestorović NM. Effects of soy phytoestrogens on pituitary-ovarian function in middle-aged female rats. Endocrine 2015. [PMID: 26215277 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of genistein (G) and daidzein (D) on the histological, hormonal, and functional parameters of the pituitary-ovarian axis in middle-aged female rats, and to compare these effects with the effects of estradiol (E), commonly used in the prevention and treatment of menopausal symptoms. Middle-aged (12 month old) Wistar female rats subcutaneously received 35 mg/kg of G, or 35 mg/kg of D, or 0.625 mg/kg of E every day for 4 weeks. Each of the treated groups had a corresponding control group. An intact control group was also established. G and D did not change the intracellular protein content within gonadotropic and lactotropic cells, but vacuolization was observed in all the cell types. In contrast, E caused an inhibition of gonadotropic and stimulation of lactotropic cells. Also, ovaries of middle-aged female rats exposed to G or D have more healthy primordial and primary follicles and less atretic follicles. E treatment in the ovaries had a mostly negative effect, which is reflected by the increased number of atretic follicles in all tested classes. G and D provoked decrease in CuZnSOD and CAT activity, while E treatment increased MnSOD and decreased CuZnSOD and GSHPx activity. All the treatments increased serum estradiol and decreased testosterone levels, while D and E increased the serum progesterone level. In conclusion, soy phytoestrogens exhibited beneficial effects on pituitary-ovarian function in middle-aged female rats, as compared to estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana M Medigović
- Department of Citology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jasmina B Živanović
- Department of Citology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Z Ajdžanović
- Department of Citology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra L Nikolić-Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja D Stanković
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana L Trifunović
- Department of Citology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Lj Milošević
- Department of Citology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša M Nestorović
- Department of Citology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Ajdžanović V, Nestorović N, Ristić N, Medigović I, Milošević V. Effects of genistein on stereological and hormonal characteristics of the pituitary somatotrophs in rats. Endocrine 2014; 47:869-77. [PMID: 24752394 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary somatotropic system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of physiological processes and metabolism, which is modulated by gonadal steroids. Considering that genistein belongs to the phytoestrogen family and acts via similar mechanisms to estrogens, the present study was designed to demonstrate whether genistein modulates the morphofunctional characteristic of somatotrophs [growth hormone (GH) cells] in adult rats in comparison with the effects of estradiol. In the study, the orchidectomized adult rats were used as an appropriate model system for testing the effects of this hormone-like substance. Changes in the pituitary somatotrophs were evaluated histologically and stereologically, while GH level was determined biochemically. Using immunolabelling and stereological methods, we showed that orchidectomy (Orx) provoked the decrease of GH cell volume density. After estradiol treatment of Orx rats, the most prominent change concerned the pituitary relative intensity of GH fluorescence and circulating GH level, which were elevated 77 % and 4.7-fold, respectively. Clearly, in contrast to orchidectomy, estradiol treatment enhanced the GH cells activity. Genistein treatment increased pituitary weight and volume, GH cell volume density, the total number of GH cells, and GH blood concentration (1.3-fold) in comparison to the Orx group. Although identical tendencies followed estradiol and genistein administration, the changes observed after genistein treatment were milder compared to estradiol treatment.
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12
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Manojlović-Stojanoski MN, Filipović BR, Nestorović NM, Šošić-Jurjević BT, Ristić NM, Trifunović SL, Milošević VL. Morpho-functional characteristics of rat fetal thyroid gland are affected by prenatal dexamethasone exposure. Steroids 2014; 84:22-9. [PMID: 24657223 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) and glucocorticoids strongly contribute to the maturation of fetal tissues in the preparation for extrauterine life. Influence of maternal dexamethasone (Dx) administration on thyroid glands morpho-functional characteristics of near term rat fetuses was investigated applying unbiased stereology. On the 16th day of pregnancy dams received 1.0mg/Dx/kg/b.w., followed by 0.5mg/Dx/kg/b.w. on the 17th and 18th days of gestation. The control females received the same volume of saline. The volume of fetal thyroid was estimated using Cavalieri's principle; the physical/fractionator design was applied for the determination of absolute number of follicular cells in mitosis and immunohistochemically labeled C cells; C cell volume was measured using the planar rotator. The functional activity of thyroid tissue was provided from thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroperoxidase (TPO) immunohistochemical staining. Applying these design-based modern stereological methods it was shown that Dx treatment of gravid females led to a significant decrease of fetal thyroid gland volume in 19- and 21-day-old fetuses, due to decreased proliferation of follicular cells. The Tg and TPO immunohistochemistry demonstrated that intensive TH production starts and continues during the examined period in control and Dx-exposed fetuses. Under the influence of Dx the absolute number of C cells was lower in both groups of near term fetuses, although unchanged relation between the two populations of endocrine cells, follicular and C cells suggesting that structural relationships within the gland are preserved. In conclusion maternal glucocorticoid administration at the thyroid gland level exerts growth-inhibitory and maturational promoting effects in near term rat fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica N Manojlović-Stojanoski
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 despota Stefana Blvd., 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branko R Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 despota Stefana Blvd., 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša M Nestorović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 despota Stefana Blvd., 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka T Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 despota Stefana Blvd., 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša M Ristić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 despota Stefana Blvd., 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana L Trifunović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 despota Stefana Blvd., 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Lj Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 despota Stefana Blvd., 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Ristić N, Nestorović N, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Medigović I, Trifunović S, Šošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V. Exposure to dexamethasone reduces pituitary volume and gonadotropic cell number in rat fetuses. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:973-80. [PMID: 24816519 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to glucocorticoids during the fetal period induces changes in developmental processes in various fetal tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dx), on pituitary volume and gonadotropic cells during a critical period of pituitary development. The effects of Dx on stereological parameters of the pituitary gland and FSH and LH cells were investigated in 19 and 21-day old fetuses. On day 16 of pregnancy, the experimental dams received 1.0 mg Dx/kg b.w. subcutaneously, followed by 0. 5mg Dx/kg b.w./day on days 17 and 18 of gestation. The control gravid females received the same volume of saline. FSH and LH cells were stained immunohistochemically by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method (PAP). In 19-day old fetuses, exposure to Dx caused a significant decrease of pituitary volume, estimated by Cavalieri's principle. Also, the total number of FSH and LH cells per pituitary, determined by physical fractionator counting technique, was significantly reduced. These changes persisted until fetal day 21. Volume densities and numerical densities of FSH and LH cells after exposure to Dx in 19 and 21-day old fetuses remained unaffected. Our results suggest that altered stereological parameters in pituitary gland after exposure to dexamethasone in fetal period could be long-lasting.
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Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Ajdžanović V, Nestorović N, Ristić N, Sošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V. Soy extract-dependent changes in morphofunctional parameters of the pituitary corticotropes in adult rats. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:717-22. [PMID: 24485333 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have established a link between estrogen levels and activity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) system. Considering the "weak estrogenic" effect of soy isoflavones, this study was designed to evaluate the influence of soy extract treatment on some morphofunctional parameters of rat pituitary corticotropes in vivo. Adult male orchidectomized Wistar rats received estradiol-dipropionate or soy extract in oil/ethanol solvent subcutaneously for 3 weeks. Both controls, sham-operated (So) and orchidectomized (Orx) rats, were injected with solvent, in the same regime. Changes in pituitary volume, total volume, total number and volume of individual corticotropes were evaluated stereologically, while ACTH levels were determined biochemically. In comparison with So rats, estradiol treatment provoked increases (p<0.05) of: ACTH level (166%), pituitary weight (167%) and volume (102%), total volume (20%) and total number of corticotropes (18%). In comparison to Orx, following estradiol treatment elevation (p<0.05) of: ACTH level (69%), pituitary weight (131%) and volume (82%), total (30%) and individual volume (29%) of corticotropes was observed. Soy extract treatment led to enhancement (p<0.05) of: ACTH level (28%), total (25%) and individual volume (20%) of corticotropes. It can be concluded that soy extract acts in a similar way to estradiol, but the increased activity of corticotropes was weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Trifunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nestorović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Sošić-Jurjević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
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